@INPROCEEDINGS{AbrHun03,
author = {John Edward Abraham and John Douglas Hunt},
title = {Dynamic submodel integration using an offer-accept discrete
event simulator},
year = 2003,
month = AUG,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Travel
Behavior Research},
address = {Lucerne, Switzerland},
url = {http://www.ivt.baum.ethz.ch/allgemein/pdf/abraham.pdf},
annote = {
Lots of tiny details about simulation of market transactions.
Includes some application to an Oregon model. Some discussion of
fictional characters (auctioneer and aggregator) typical in
microeconomic discussion of markets.
},
keywords = {urban economics, ilute},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{AleTom02,
author = {Don Alexander and Ray Tomalty},
title = {{S}mart {G}rowth and Sustainable Development: challenges,
solutions and policy directions},
year = 2002,
journal = {Local Environment},
volume = 7,
number = 4,
pages = {397--409},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, canada, smart growth}
}
@ARTICLE{Alo60,
author = {William Alonso},
title = {A Theory of the Urban Land Market},
year = 1960,
journal = {Papers and Proceedings, Regional Science Association},
volume = 6,
pages = {149--157},
keywords = {land use modelling, land use transport link, urban economics},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{Alt04,
author = {{Alta Planning and Design}},
title = {{S}an {F}rancisco's Shared Lane Pavement Markings: Improving
Bicycle Safety},
year = 2004,
institution = {San Francisco Department of Parking and Traffic},
address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
url = {http://www.bicycle.sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/dpt/bike/Bike_Plan/Shared Lane Marking Full Report-052404.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pavement marking},
annote = {
Some useful research on a distinctive type of bicycle facility. I
still have mixed feelings on this design, although I can definitely
imagine situations where it would be useful. The two major positive
points are: it legitimizes cyclists taking the lane; improves distance
between bicycles and door zone on streets where bicycles could not
be otherwise accommodated. These are both major design achievements;
I've spent some time thinking about these exact problems, and
haven't come up with anything nearly as effective as this.
However, I'm worried that this could be used as an
excuse to not build bicycle lanes. A properly designed
bicycle lane and parking zone should leave a buffer between parking
and cyclists, and is more inviting on busy streets than a shared
lane could be. Furthermore, a bicycle lane gives cyclists a real
speed advantage in congested traffic: their lane might be empty
while vehicle lanes are bumper-to-bumper.
The report shows that these
markings encourage drivers to give bikes more clearance when
passing, and gives bicycles the comfort margin needed to get them
out of the dooring zone. Unfortunately, they don't address the
issue of pavement markings to encourage parked cars to stay close
to the curb, which is also an important part of the story.
},
status = {read}
}
@BOOK{Alv01,
author = {Katie Alvord},
title = {Divorce Your Car! Ending the love affair with the automobile},
year = 2001,
publisher = {New Society Publishers},
keywords = {general interest, history, transport planning, urban planning},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{AndKanMil96,
author = {William P.~Anderson and Pavlos S.~Kanaroglou and Eric
J.~Miller},
title = {Urban Form, Energy and the Environment: A Review of Issues,
Evidence and Policy},
year = 1996,
month = FEB,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 33,
number = 1,
pages = {7--35},
keywords = {transport planning, land use transport link, urban form, energy},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{Ant04,
author = {Jerry Anthony},
title = {Do State Growth Management Regulations Reduce Sprawl?},
year = 2004,
journal = {Urban Affairs Review},
volume = 39,
number = 3,
pages = {376--397},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, smart growth},
annote = {
Interesting data, but hard to draw many conclusions. The regression
model's pooling of data is very dodgy... the 1982--1992 data points
and 1992--1997 likely have correlated error terms. I imagine the
data has issues, too---I'm wary of urban density figures,
particularly when they don't define them carefully and had to
analyse every area in the United States.
There are interesting insights, though, particularly regarding Hawaii,
Washington, and Florida. Florida limits development to areas with
adequate infrastructure... but includes ``high level-of-service
roads'' as part of the definition, excluding inner-city and dense
areas with congested roads!
}
}
@ARTICLE{ArcSmi93,
author = {Wayne R.~Archer and Marc T.~Smith},
title = {Why Do Suburban Offices Cluster?},
year = 1993,
journal = {Geographical Analysis},
volume = 25,
number = 1,
pages = {53--64},
status = {read},
keywords = {location choice, firm behaviour, urban form}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Arn01,
author = {Richard Arnott},
title = {The Economic Theory of Urban Traffic Congestion: A Microscopic
Research Agenda},
year = 2001,
month = JUL,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Environmental Economics and
the Economics of Congestion},
address = {Venice, Italy},
url = {http://fmwww.bc.edu/ec-p/wp502.pdf},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban economics, transport planning, congestion pricing, parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Arn69,
author = {Shelley R.~Arnstein},
title = {A Ladder of Citizen Participation},
year = 1969,
month = JUL,
journal = {Journal of the American Institute of Planners},
volume = 35,
number = 4,
pages = {216--224},
status = {read},
keywords = {public participation, urban planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{AshJohJamBroGre02,
author = {Colin Ashton-{G}raham and Gary John and Bruce James and
Werner Br{\"o}g and Helen Grey-Smith},
title = {Increasing cycling through `soft' measures
({T}ravel{S}mart)---{P}erth, {W}estern {A}ustralia},
year = 2002,
chapter = 18,
pages = {274--289},
editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for
Urban Planners},
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning, marketing, transit},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html }
}
@ARTICLE{AudSheSmi90,
author = {Ivonne Audirac and Anne H.~Shermylen and Marc T.~Smith},
title = {Ideal Urban Form and Visions of the good life: {F}lorida's
Growth Management Dilemma},
year = 1990,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 56,
number = 4,
pages = {471--483},
status = {read},
quality = 1,
keywords = {urban form, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{AulKal99,
author = {Lisa Aultman-Hall and M.~Kaltenecker},
title = {{T}oronto bicycle commuter safety rates},
year = 1999,
month = NOV,
journal = {Accident Analysis and Prevention},
volume = 31,
number = 6,
pages = {675--686},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle collisions, canada, toronto},
annote = {
Interesting. This is one of the first thorough, scientific attempts
at understanding cycling collisions that I've seen. The sampling
methodology is always tricky, and their approach here is certainly
not perfect. I would have liked to see questions about the type of
facility where falls/collisions happened in their survey---this
seems like vital information. The actual dataset also has its
problems: only a small fraction of total exposure was on paths or
sidewalks (6\%). Additionally, the study area only contains a small
amount of path facilities (74km), and from what I know of Toronto
paths, most were built quite a long time ago and are very poorly
designed and maintained. Many sections of the Martin Goodman
waterfront trail were horrific when I rode it to work in 1999, and
there are some really dodgy sections in the Don Valley system.
But otherwise, the study methodology is fairly sound, and the
authors are suitably conservative in their conclusions. I don't
fully understand their weighting system, but I'll reread that at
some point.
Overall, I'd be very hesitant to condemn paths or sidewalks on the
basis of a study like this. Sidewalks definitely have problems, but
this study really only shows that badly designed/maintained paths
are unsafe---not a surprise, really. And it says nothing at all
about the ``bicycle segregation'' debate, despite popular citations
on Wikipedia for that purpose.
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Ban94,
author = {David Banister},
title = {Equity and Acceptability Questions in Internalising the Social
Costs of Transport},
booktitle = {Internalising the Social Costs of Transportation},
publisher = {OECD European Conference of Ministers of Transport},
year = 1994,
pages = {153--171},
keywords = {urban economics, equity},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Ban94/index.html }
}
@ARTICLE{Ban04,
author = {David Banister},
title = {Implementing the Possible?},
year = 2004,
month = DEC,
journal = {Planning Theory \& Practice},
volume = 5,
number = 4,
pages = {499--501},
keywords = {congestion pricing, urban politics},
status = {read}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{BanPuc03,
author = {David Banister and John Pucher},
title = {Can Sustainable Transport Be Made Acceptable?},
year = 2003,
month = MAY,
booktitle = {Presented at the STELLA Focus Group on Institutions,
Regulation and Markets in Transportation},
address = {Santa Barbara, CA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, intercity transport},
status = {read},
url = {http://policy.rutgers.edu/papers/16.pdf},
annote = {
Some good notes on the airline industry, which is often ignored in
analyses of sustainable transportation. Leisure travel is a major
and growing part of the airline business. Airlines are often in a
privileged position in terms of taxes, and have few incentives to
reduce externalities.
``When thinking about measures to achieve
sustainable transport, there are some (like pricing) that are
common to all futures. Such measures need to be implemented now,
even though their impacts might be slow in the initial stages. For
example, the UK government has increased the costs of driving
through raising fuel duty by at least 5 per cent in real terms
each year. In the transport sector, this is the main policy
being pursued to meet the Kyoto reduction targets for CO2
emissions. Over the past six years, this has increased the
price of a litre of fuel from 45 pence to 85 pence (1994-2000),
of which 70 pence is tax and duty. The escalator has been removed
(2000) after pressure from industry and other interests,
particularly those in rural areas.''
}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Ber04,
author = {Inger Marie Bernhoft},
title = {Risk perception and behavior of elderly pedestrians and
cyclists in cities in {D}enmark},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 84th meeting of the Transportation
Research Board},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, streets},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb/trb2004/TRB2004-000897.pdf},
abstract = {
The risk perception and behavior of elderly pedestrians and
cyclists in cities in Denmark have been revealed by means of a
questionnaire administered to both elderly people aged 70 and
above and a control group aged 40--49, and interviews with some
of the elderly respondents. The elderly appreciate pedestrian
crossings, signalized intersections and cycle paths
significantly more than the control group does. To a larger
extent they feel that it is dangerous to cross the road where
these facilities are missing. Furthermore, the elderly
pedestrians find the presence of a sidewalk very important on
their route whereas the control group more often chooses the
fastest route. Differences within the group of elderly
respondents can be related to differences in health and
physical abilities rather that to differences in age.
Generally, the elderly road users state a more cautious
behavior in specific traffic situations than the control group.
Thus, a significantly higher proportion of the elderly than the
control group choose to walk up to a pedestrian crossing if
they can see one and stop the bicycle before turning left, and
a significantly lower proportion of the elderly choose to cross
at a red light, ride on the sidewalk and ride in the opposite
direction on the cycle path.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Ber02,
author = {Brian J.L.~Berry},
title = {Paradigm Lost},
year = 2002,
journal = {Urban Geography},
volume = 23,
number = 5,
pages = {441--445},
status = {read},
keywords = {geography},
annote = {
A curious slice of the history of geography as a discipline.
}
}
@ARTICLE{BerleC03,
author = {Luca Bertolini and Frank {le Clercq}},
title = {Urban development without more mobility by car? Lessons from
{A}msterdam, a multimodal urban region},
journal = {Environment and Planning A},
year = 2003,
month = APR,
volume = 35,
number = 4,
pages = {575--589},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, accessibility},
status = {read},
abstract = {
The fundamental dilemma in attempts to make urban development less
dependent upon mobility by car is the inability of alternatives
to match the quality of accessibility provided by private
motorized transport. Failure to recognize this means that
bringing about environmentally more sustainable urban mobility
patterns is only possible at economic, social, and political
costs that are unacceptable in most societies. In this paper we
identify and discuss ways out of this dilemma, in the form of
solutions that pursue the goal of increasing both
sustainability and accessibility. We start by contending that
what people ask is not a generic mobility, but rather
opportunities to participate in spatially disjointed
activities. Accordingly, accessibility should be defined as the
amount and the diversity of 'spatial opportunities' that can be
reached within a certain amount of time. Solutions to the
accessibility - sustainability dilemma building upon this
perspective (that is, planning concepts, policy measures) have
been the object of recent research at the Universiteit van
Amsterdam and are discussed and we look for, and find, evidence
of the feasibility of these solutions in the actual trends in
the Amsterdam urban region. Some policy implications of the
findings are discussed.
},
annote = {
They define accessibility as the ``amount of `spatial opportunities'
that can be reached within a certain amount of time,'' an idea that
matches my intuition. They base this on three assumptions about
human behaviour: (a) For the most part people travel not just for
the sake of it, but in order to participate in spatially disjointed
activities (for example, living, working, shopping, visiting in
different places); (b) People want to have a choice among as large
a number and as diverse a range of activities as possible; (c)
Travel costs, and particularly travel time rather than travel
distance, set a limit to these possibilities (in the form of total
daily travel-time budgets, travel-to-work time budgets, etc.). They
also aim for a synergy with sustainability, and express their goal
as ``Developing conditions for as large as possible a share of the
more environmentally friendly modes in urban mobility, while at the
same time maintaining, and possible increasing, the amount and the
diversity of activity places that can be reached within an
acceptable travel time.'' They note that ``only activities with
middle to high spatial reach and low intensity of use (for example,
living, working, or recreating in low densities) are best served by
the car system''... which would include hiking, I suppose. ``[T]he
most significant policy dealing with car environments has been the
regulation of parking allowance, which has proved an invaluable
tool in managing the accessibility of locations, most notably
within the municipality of Amsterdam.'' They close with an
interesting note: they call the transport system the supply of
mobility, and land-use patterns are the origin of the demand for
mobility. It's an interesting and relevant labelling.
}
}
@BOOK{BerLeoWil90,
editor = {Cristo Sergio Bertuglia and G.~Leonardi and A.G.~Wilson},
title = {Urban Dynamics: Designing an integrated model},
year = 1990,
publisher = {Routledge},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban economics, transport modelling},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{Bla02,
author = {Timothy Blair},
title = {The Bicycle Compatibility of Streets in Downtown {C}algary},
year = 2002,
institution = {University of Calgary, Department of Environmental
Design-Planning},
address = {Calgary, AB, Canada},
type = {Master's Project},
url = {http://www.ucalgary.edu/evds/people/alumni/alumni/planning/Tim_Blair/Tim_Blair_MDP.pdf},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Blu04,
author = {Evelyn Blumenberg},
title = {En-gendering effective planning: spatial mismatch, low-income
women, and transportation policy},
year = 2004,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 70,
number = 3,
pages = {269--281},
status = {read},
keywords = {equity, gender, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{BoaHau00,
author = {Marlon G.~Boarnet and Andrew F.~Haughwout},
title = {Do Highways Matter? {E}vidence and Policy Implications of
Metropolitan Development},
year = 2000,
month = AUG,
institution = {Brookings Institution},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
type = {Discussion Paper},
url = {http://www.brook.edu/es/urban/boarnet.pdf},
status = {read},
annote = {
I didn't get much new from this paper... but there were some good
references, like Moh93 and a range of land use impact studies.
It is interesting to see two authors with economics backgrounds
write on this subject, and state that highway systems redistribute
growth rather than create it---not the view that's taken by many
provincial transportation agencies. That said, American cities are
generally starting from a higher level of highway provision than
Canadian cities.
I remain annoyed by the tendency (everywhere in the literature)
to discount highways' effect on
decentralisation. Yes, they are not a sufficient condition for
decentralising---but they are still a necessary condition! If you
don't build the highway, the ability to decentralise is extremely
limited.
},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban planning, transport planning},
abstract = {
Growing concerns about traffic congestion and rapid
suburban expansion (also known as sprawl) have reignited interest in
the ways in which highway spending affects metropolitan growth
patterns. This discussion paper extracts the best evidence to date on
how highway investments distribute growth and economic activity across
metropolitan areas. The paper also offers ideas on how transportation
financing and policies can better respond to the various costs and
benefits of highway projects in a region.
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Boh02,
author = {Wolfgang Bohle},
title = {{G}erman cycling policy experience},
year = 2002,
chapter = 13,
pages = {209--222},
editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for
Urban Planners},
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html }
}
@ARTICLE{BosFre06,
author = {Ron A.~Boschma and Koen Frenken},
title = {Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science? Towards
and evolutionary economic geography},
year = 2006,
journal = {Journal of Economic Geography},
volume = 6,
number = 3,
pages = {273--302},
status = {read},
keywords = {economics, geography, economic geography}
}
@ARTICLE{Bou96,
author = {Larry S.~Bourne},
title = {Reurbanization, Uneven Urban Development, and the Debate on
New Urban Forms},
year = 1996,
journal = {Urban Geography},
volume = 17,
number = 8,
pages = {690--713},
status = {read},
keywords = {geography, urban form, urban planning},
annote = {
Some interesting discussions on infill development. I found his
description of centre-city abandonment interesting: ``premature
write-down of the existing built environment.'' That particular
economic spin on downtown decay summarizes my intuitive dislike for
rundown centre city buildings. Consider a Victorian or Edwardian
storefront in downtown Toronto: these are considered too expensive to
build today in new neighbourhoods, and yet we let the existing
stock of (valuable!) buildings decay in many parts of the city.
Bourne discusses an interesting model from Klaassen and van den
Burg (over many papers). They characterize urban evolution in four
stages: 1) urbanization; 2) outmigration; 3) disurbanization; and
4) reurbanization. It's an interesting breakdown for recent urban
history, particularly in Canadian cities that are generally in
phase four now.
Bourne also discusses the poor information/data available on
single-lot infill sites in cities, and some strange strategies to
combat urban decay, like Detroit's empowerment/enterprise zone in
its centre.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Boy02,
author = {David Boyce},
title = {Is the Sequential Travel Forecasting Paradigm
Counterproductive?},
year = 2002,
month = DEC,
journal = {Journal of Urban Planning and Development},
volume = 128,
number = 4,
pages = {169--183},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport modelling},
rating = 2,
annote = {
Some interesting history. He discusses BecMcGWin56, a 1950s Chicago
paper that was more ``integrated'' that the traditional four-stage
model that was developed in parallel in Chicago. He criticizes the
ill-defined feedback in the four-stage model.
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{BreRoo93,
author = {Michael J.~Breheney and Ralph Rookwood},
title = {Planning the sustainable city region},
year = 1993,
booktitle = {Planning for a sustainable environment},
editor = {A.~Blowers},
publisher = {Earthscan},
address = {London, UK},
pages = {150--189},
status = {read},
keywords = {sustainability, urban form}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Bri94,
author = {Ray E.~Brindle},
title = {Lies, damned lies and ``automobile dependence''---some
hyperbolic reflections},
year = 1994,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1994 Australian Transport Research
Forum},
pages = {117--131},
address = {Melbourne, Australia},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, land use transport link},
url = {http://www.aitpm.org.au/annex/0304_RBtech.pdf},
annote = {
An interesting read. (See also NewKen89, NewKen89b, NewKen99.)
He makes a valid point about NewKen89's central graph: it's
statistically misleading. They shows fuel use per capita plotted
against density, but the real relationship in their data is between
fuel use and urban area. Brindle gets a bit carried away
criticizing NewKen89, however; while their presentation and
analysis was wrong (severely undermining their credibility), the
relationship they claimed does in fact exist, by equivalence with
the fuel use vs. urban area relationship. Brindle has, however,
shown conclusively that the 30 persons/hectare threshold claimed by
NewKen is invalid. Refs: Gom91, Kir92, War91.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Bri03,
author = {Ray E.~Brindle},
title = {Kicking the habit (part 1): some musings on the meaning of
`car dependence'},
year = 2003,
month = SEP,
journal = {Road and Transport Research},
volume = 12,
number = 3,
pages = {61--73},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link},
status = {read},
annote = {
The article argues that the role of urban form has been
over-emphasized in the debate about changing travel habits.
Personal preferences may need to be changed instead. There are some
interesting quotes regarding access and housing preferences in the
1960s and 1970s, quite useful for understanding how little has
changed.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{BurLag99,
author = {Dan Burden and Peter Lagerway},
title = {Road Diets: Fixing the Big Roads},
year = 1999,
month = MAR,
institution = {Walkable Communities Inc.},
address = {High Springs, FL, USA},
url = {http://www.walkable.org/download/rdiets.pdf},
keywords = {transport planning, streets, roadspace reallocation},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{CaiAtkGoo02,
author = {Sally Cairns and Stephen Atkins and Phil Goodwin},
title = {Disappearing traffic? {T}he story so far},
year = 2002,
journal = {Municipal Engineer},
volume = 151,
number = 1,
pages = {13--22},
keywords = {transport planning, streets, roadspace reallocation},
url = {http://www.ucl.ac.uk/transport-studies/tsu/disapp.pdf},
status = {read},
abstract = {
Reallocating roadspace from general traffic, to improve conditions
for pedestrians or cyclists or buses or on-street light rail or
other high-occupancy vehicles, is often predicted to cause
major traffic problems on neighbouring streets. This
paper reports on two phases of research, resulting in
the examination of over 70 case studies of roadspace
reallocation from eleven countries, and the collation
of opinions from over 200 transport professionals
worldwide. The findings suggest that predictions of
traffic problems are often unnecessarily alarmist, and
that, given appropriate local circumstances,
significant reductions in overall traffic levels can
occur, with people making a far wider range of
behavioural responses than has traditionally been
assumed. Follow-up work has also highlighted the
importance of managing how schemes are perceived by
the public and reported in the media, with various
lessons for avoiding problems. Finally, the
findings highlight that well-designed schemes to
reallocate roadspace can often contribute to a
multiplicity of different policy aims and
objectives.
}
}
@MASTERSTHESIS{Cal99,
author = {Beth Callister},
title = {Vancouver area bicycle groups: approaches and effectiveness},
school = {University of British Columbia, School of Community and
Regional Planning},
year = 1999,
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
annote = {
An interesting little essay, including some historical facts about
Vancouver cycling groups that I wasn't aware of, such as the
fact that BEST was originally an offshoot of Bicycle People.
Too bad there's no online copy... reading it on microfiche on
UBC campus is a pain.
},
keywords = {activism, bicycle planning, urban politics, canada},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{Cal02b,
author = {Peter G.~Calthorpe},
title = {The Urban Network: A Radical Proposal},
year = 2002,
journal = {Planning},
volume = 68,
number = 5,
pages = {10--15},
status = {read},
abstract = {
There is a critical need for a new paradigm of growth on undeveloped
sites - one that complements urban infill and revitalization. The
alternative transportation network proposed here calls for a new
hierarchy of arterials and boulevards that allow for through traffic
without always by-passing commercial centers - a road network that
reinforces access to walkable neighborhoods and urban town centers
without cutting them off from local pedestrian movement. A plan for new
growth areas around Chicago proposes 3 types of major roads to replace
the standard arterial grid: transit boulevards, throughways, and
arterials. The transit boulevards combine the capacity of a major
arterial with the intimacy of local frontage roads and the pedestrian
orientation that comes with the transit system. Local arterials are
multi-lane facilities that transition into a couplet of main streets at
the village centers.
},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets, street design, new urbanism}
}
@TECHREPORT{Cal02c,
author = {Peter G.~Calthorpe},
title = {The Urban Network: A New Framework for Growth},
year = 2002,
institution = {Calthorpe Associates},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
url = {http://calthorpe.com/clippings/UrbanNet1216.pdf},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets, street design, new urbanism}
}
@ARTICLE{Cam96,
author = {Scott Campbell},
title = {Planning: Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities? {U}rban
Planning and the Contradictions of Sustainable Development},
year = 1996,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 62,
number = 3,
status = {read},
quality = 4,
pages = {296--312},
keywords = {sustainability, urban planning},
annote = {
An interesting dissection of the tensions within sustainability.
Campbell discusses the types of conflicts that arise between
economic, social and environmental interests, and generally argues
that the Achilles heel of suistainability remains its fuzzy
vagueness. I liked his analogy of the planner as translator,
and the need to make full translations of other camps' arguments
into the language of each discipline, to ensure that no one camp
dominates the other.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{CasCro06,
author = {Christian J.E.~Castle and Andrew T.~Crooks},
title = {Principles and Concepts of Agent-Based Modelling for
Developing Geospatial Simulations},
year = 2006,
month = SEP,
institution = {University College London Centre for Advanced Spatial
Analysis},
address = {London, UK},
type = {Working Paper},
number = 110,
keywords = {computer science, spatial modelling, agent-based modelling},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{deCer04,
author = {Allison L.C.~{de Cerre\~no}},
title = {Dynamics of On-Street Parking in Large Central Cities},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1898,
pages = {130--137},
keywords = {parking, streets},
status = {read},
annote = {
Not too relevant from a sustainable transportation perspective. The
bulk of the paper addresses the mechanics of parking management
(metering technology, loading regulations, etc.) rather than the
bigger issues of choosing appropriate prices, balancing on-street
and off-street parking, encouraging quick turnover short-term
parking, or residential permit systems.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer96b,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Jobs-housing balance revisited: Trends and impacts in the
{S}an {F}rancisco {B}ay {A}rea},
year = 1996,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 62,
number = 4,
pages = {492--511},
keywords = {urban planning, land use transport link, urban form},
status = {read},
quality = 4,
annote = {
This paper is the best I've read on the jobs-housing issue, with
a careful distinction between balance and containment, an
examination of balance-with-mismatch, and a more careful analysis
of the impacts on VMT and mode split.
One finding that interested me: balance was not correlated
with a substantial change in VMT, but containment was (and was also
correlated with higher levels of walking). Another interesting
conclusion: imbalance is a planning failure, not a market failure,
since it usually happens in jobs-surplus areas where residents
apply political pressure (read: NIMBYism) to fight any
market-driven changes to the residential stock.
I liked the description of jobs-housing balance as the potential for
self-containment. I see the actual level of self-containment to be
a function of two variables: jobs-housing balance, and travel
times. Jobs-housing balance allows a city to easily respond to
congestion or degraded travel times, by giving workers the option
of moving closer to their jobs.
}
}
@BOOK{Cer98,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry},
year = 1998,
publisher = {Island Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
status = {read},
annoteurl = {http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Cer98/index.html},
keywords = {transit, urban planning, transport planning, canada, land use transport link, urban form, transit-oriented development}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer03,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Road Expansion, Urban Growth, and Induced Travel: A Path
Analysis},
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
year = 2003,
volume = 69,
number = 2,
pages = {145--163},
url = {http://www.planning.org/newsreleases/pdf/Cervero.pdf},
quality = 5,
keywords = {transport planning, induced travel, urban form, land use transport link},
abstract = {
Claims that roadway investments spur new travel, known as induced
demand, and thus fail to relieve traffic congestion have
thwarted road development in the United States. Past studies
point to a significant induced demand effect. This research
employs a path model to causally sort out the links between
freeway investments and traffic increases, using data for 24
California freeway projects across 15 years. Traffic increases
are explained in terms of both faster travel speeds and land
use shifts that occur in response to adding freeway lanes.
While the path model confirms the presence of induced travel in
both the short and longer run, estimated elasticities are lower
than those of earlier studies. This research also reveals
significant ``induced growth'' and ``induced investment''
effects---real estate development gravitates to improved
freeways, and traffic increases spawn road investments over
time. Travel-forecasting models are needed that account for
these dynamics.
},
annote = {
A much more sophisticated methodology to help untangle a
complicated problem. The model suggests that it may be possible to
build out of congestion without road pricing, although the
author speculates that the ultimate urban form may look something
like Houston. An interesting side note is the role of density,
which exerts a strong influence on the level of induced demand.
Unfortunately, since the dataset is from Southern California where
truly high densities are rare, the model cannot say too much about
roadway expansion in dense areas.
}
}
@ARTICLE{CerDun03,
author = {Robert Cervero and Michael Duncan},
title = {Walking, Bicycling and Urban Landscapes: Evidence from the
{S}an {F}rancisco {B}ay {A}rea},
journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
year = 2003,
volume = 93,
number = 9,
pages = {1478--1483},
keywords = {active transportation, pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, urban form, bicycle modelling},
status = {read},
abstract = {
Some claim that cardependent cities contribute to obesity by
discouraging walking and bicycling. In this article, we use household
activity data from the San Francisco region to study the links between
urban environments and nonmotorized travel.
We used factor analysis to represent the urban design and land-use
diversity dimensions of built environments. Combining factor scores
with control variables, like steep terrain, that gauge impediments to
walking and bicycling, we estimated discrete-choice models.
Builtenvironment factors exerted far weaker, although not
inconsequential, influences on walking and bicycling than control
variables.
Stronger evidence on the importance of urban landscapes in shaping foot
and bicycle travel is needed if the urban planning and public health
professions are to forge an effective alliance against cardependent
sprawl.
},
annote = {
A good study looking at the factors influencing cycling and
walking. The perspective is Cervero's usual framework, the three Ds:
density, diversity and design. All three are found to have significant
influences on bicycle usage, with the residential end being
slightly more important. Of the urban form variables, the presence
of neighbourhood retail is found to be the strongest predictor of
walking.
From an evaluation standpoint, I wish these authors would
standardize/normalize the coefficients of their models! After
limiting to statistically significant variables, normalization
would allow me to compare the relative influence of each
variable on bicycle usage. It would also be extremely useful to
include the mean and standard deviation of all input variables, to
allow some rough comparisons to other study areas. If the input
data has low variance (e.g., a uniformly low-density suburb),
meaningful patterns could be missed.
Finally, the bicycle model seems pretty shoddy---the rho-squared
value is only 0.13! Since it only considers factors at origin and
destination, I imagine it's missing a massive amount of valuable
data, like the topography, safety and quality of the route itself.
},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1447996}
}
@ARTICLE{CerKoc97,
author = {Robert Cervero and Kara Maria Kockelman},
title = {Travel Demand and the 3 {D}s: Density, Diversity and Design},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 2,
number = 3,
pages = {199--219},
status = {read},
keywords = { urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link },
abstract = {
The built environment is thought to influence travel demand along
three principal dimensions -- density, diversity, and design.
This paper tests this proposition by examining how the ``3Ds''
affect trip rates and mode choice of residents in the San
Francisco Bay Area. Using 1990 travel diary data and land-use
records obtained from the U.S. census, regional inventories,
and field surveys, models are estimated that relate features of the
built environment to variations in vehicle miles traveled per
household and mode choice, mainly for non-work trips. Factor
analysis is used to linearly combine variables in the density
and design dimensions of the built environment. The research
finds that density, land-use diversity, and pedestrian-oriented
designs generally reduce trip rates and encourage non-auto
travel in statistically significant ways, though their
influences appear to be fairly marginal. Elasticities between
variables and factors that capture the 3Ds and various measures
of travel demand are generally in the .06 to .18 range,
expressed in absolute terms. Compact development was found to exert
the strongest influence on personal business trips.
Within-neighborhood retail shops, on the other hand, was most
strongly associated with mode choice for work trips. And while
a factor capturing ``walking quality'' was only moderately
related to mode choice for non-work trips, those living in
neighborhoods with grid-iron street designs and restricted
commercial parking were nonetheless found to average
significantly less vehicle miles of travel and rely less on
single-occupant vehicles for non-work trips. Overall, this
research shows that the elasticities between each dimension of
the built environment and travel demand are modest to moderate,
though certainly not inconsequential. Thus is supports the
contention of new urbanists and others that creating more
compact, diverse, and pedestrian-oriented neighborhoods, in
combination, can meaningfully influence how Americans travel.
},
annote = {
A solid study, and a useful decomposition of urban form. By the
time I got around to reading it, I'd seen several similar papers
(like Cervero and Duncan's later followup), so the conclusion was
not surprising.
}
}
@ARTICLE{CerLan97,
author = {Robert Cervero and John Landis},
title = {Twenty Years of the {B}ay {A}rea {R}apid {T}ransit system:
Land Use and Development Impacts},
year = 1997,
month = JUL,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 31,
number = 4,
pages = {309--333},
status = {read},
keywords = {transit, urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link},
annote = {
A good, balanced paper.
A few comments on the models: the first model does not account for
spatial autocorrelation, which may be an issue. The finding that
station location within a highway median, incentive zoning, and
restrictive zoning were not statistically correlated with building
activity around stations is quite interesting.
}
}
@BOOK{Cho89,
author = {Noam Chomsky},
title = {Necessary Illusions: Thought Control in Democratic Societies},
year = 1989,
publisher = {House of Anansi},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
series = {CBC Massey Lectures},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.zmag.org/chomsky/ni/},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Cho89/index.html },
keywords = {politics, media}
}
@ARTICLE{ClaKui94,
author = {William A.V.~Clark and Marianne Kuijpers-Linde},
title = {Commuting in Restructuring Urban Regions},
year = 1994,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 31,
number = 3,
pages = {465--483},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning},
annote = {
A comparison of trends 1980--1990 in Southern California and the
Netherlands. The authors seemed determined to push a particular
thesis about increasing automobility and rising polycentricity, but
the data from the Netherlands didn't really bear out their thesis:
trips were generally getting quicker and both cycling and transit
mode share were rising, despite growing auto ownership. They did
make an interesting distinction between different forms of
polycentric development: an ``archipelago'' with nodes in an urban
sea (Los Angeles) versus ``spheres of interest'' where primary
nodes have secondary nodes in their sphere (or orbit), and
essentially partition the region (Netherlands).
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Cla02,
author = {Andy Clarke},
title = {{US} bicycle planning},
year = 2002,
chapter = 17,
pages = {263--273},
editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for
Urban Planners},
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html }
}
@INCOLLECTION{Cle02,
author = {Jo Cleary},
title = {Developing healthy travel habits in the young: Safe Routes to
School in the {UK}},
year = 2002,
chapter = 6,
pages = {86--99},
editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for
Urban Planners},
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html }
}
@TECHREPORT{Col04,
author = {{Colliers International}},
title = {North {A}merican {CBD} Parking Rate Survey},
year = 2004,
institution = {Colliers International},
url = {http://www.colliers.com/Content/Repositories/Base/Corporate/English/Market_Report_Corporate/PDFs/ColliersParkingRateSurvey2004.pdf},
keywords = {parking, transport planning, data},
status = {read}
}
@BOOK{ConEwe03,
author = {Heather Conn and Henry Ewert},
title = {Vancouver's Glory Years: Public Transit 1890--1915},
year = 2003,
publisher = {Whitecap Books},
address = {North Vancouver, BC, Canada},
keywords = {general interest, history, canada, transit},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{CooBatDal98,
author = {Denvil Coombe and John Bates and Martin Dale},
title = {Modelling the Traffic Impacts of Highway Capacity Reductions},
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 39,
number = {7/8},
year = 1998,
month = JUL,
pages = {430--433},
keywords = {transport modelling, roadspace reallocation},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{CST04,
author = {{Centre for Sustainable Transportation}},
title = {The Need to Reduce Transport Energy Use, and Ways to Do it},
year = 2004,
month = JUN,
journal = {Sustainable Transportation Monitor},
volume = 10,
url = {http://www.cstctd.org/CSTadobefiles/STM10E-final.pdf},
keywords = {canada, energy, goods movement, transit},
abstract = {
This Monitor first updates energy matters discussed in previous
Monitors. The updating concludes that reducing transport fuel
use should be the overriding goal of Canada's transport
policies, more important than reducing greenhouse gas
emissions, and perhaps a better strategy for making progress
towards sustainable transport.
This issue then discusses three of the many ways in which
transport fuel use could be dramatically reduced. The first
would allow short-term gains. It is to make more efficient use
of trucks on the road. The second would have its main impacts
in the medium term. It is to achieve major reductions in fuel
use by new personal vehicles. The third is for the longer term.
It is to secure much greater use of tethered vehicles (which
get their energy from a rail or wire rather than from
an on-board source such as a gasoline tank, a hydrogen
storage device or a battery).
},
annote = {
Some interesting thoughts on fuel usage: the rise in fuel use
associated with freight transportation, and the low loading-levels
of trucks; the need for a return to tethered transport.
},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{CTTTC05,
author = {{City of Toronto} and {Toronto Transit Commission}},
title = {Building a Transit City},
month = JAN,
year = 2005,
institution = {City of Toronto},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, transit, canada}
}
@TECHREPORT{CT03,
author = {{City of Toronto}},
title = {Bicycle/Motor-Vehicle Collision Study},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
institution = {{City of Toronto}},
year = 2003,
status = {read},
url = {http://www.toronto.ca/transportation/publications/bicycle_motor-vehicle/pdf/car-bike_collision_report.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle collisions, canada},
annote = {
An excellent, through report of bicycle/motor vehicle collisions,
in a Canadian context. See also: Tom00.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{CV02,
author = {{City of Vancouver}},
title = {Downtown Transportation Plan},
year = 2002,
institution = {City of Vancouver},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
status = {read},
url = {http://vancouver.ca/dtp/final.htm},
keywords = {transport planning, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, goods movement, transit, canada},
annoteurl = {http://www.davidpritchard.org/vacc/dtp},
annote = {
This was my real introduction to transport planning, and now in
retrospect I can see that this document represents a very
progressive stance on transportation planning. See some of my
detailed comments on cycling at the VACC website; I've been the
lead person on downtown issues for the VACC for the last several
years.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{CV04,
author = {{City of Vancouver}},
title = {Parking By-law},
number = {6059},
type = {By-law},
year = 2004,
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
institution = {{City of Vancouver}},
status = {read},
url = {http://vancouver.ca/commsvcs/BYLAWS/PARKING/Parking.htm},
keywords = {parking, zoning, canada}
}
@TECHREPORT{CVES99,
author = {{City of Vancouver Engineering Services}},
title = {1999 Bicycle Plan: Reviewing the Past, Planning the Future},
year = 1999,
institution = {City of Vancouver},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
status = {read},
url = {http://vancouver.ca/engsvcs/transport/cycling/pdf/1999bikeplan.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning, canada},
annote = {
By the time I actually got around to reading this, I was familiar
with much of the content. I'm still surprised by how slowly they're
implementing the non-downtown recommendations, but I suppose the
downtown needs are by far the most pressing, and quite
time-consuming. I like the fact that they actually define
level-of-service measures for bicycle routes---I'd be curious to run
the counts through a GIS and see how the existing routes do in terms
of LoS.
}
}
@ARTICLE{DavRosAle98,
author = {Gavin Davidson and Mark Roseland and Don Alexander},
title = {Area-Wide Traffic Management: An Innovative Strategy for Urban
Centres},
year = 1998,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 4,
number = 4,
keywords = {transportation demand management, transport planning, canada},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp04.4.pdf},
status = {read},
annote = {
Some interesting notes, especially relevant for my work with
Vancouver's Downtown Transportation Plan. They discuss a
consensus-building approach they used in discussions over the plan,
bringing stakeholders together in an effort to find some common
ground.
}
}
@ARTICLE{DavNelDue94,
author = {Judy S.~Davis and Arthur C.~Nelson and Kenneth J.~Dueker},
title = {The New 'Burbs: The Exurbs and Their Implications for Planning
Policy},
year = 1994,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 60,
number = 1,
pages = {45--59},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form}
}
@BOOK{Dav01,
author = {Mike Davis},
title = {Late {V}ictorian Holocausts: {E}l {N}i\~no famines and the
making of the {T}hird {W}orld},
year = 2001,
publisher = {Verso},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {history},
status = {read}
}
@BOOK{Dav02,
author = {Mike Davis},
title = {Dead Cities and other tales},
year = 2002,
publisher = {The New Press},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
keywords = {general interest, history, sociology, urban planning, urban politics},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Dav02/index.html },
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{DavPle01,
author = {Ronald M.~Davis and Barry Pless},
title = {{BMJ} Bans "Accidents},
year = 2001,
journal = {British Medical Journal},
volume = 322,
pages = {1320--1321},
keywords = {bicycle collisions}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Dek04,
author = {Devaiyoti Deka},
title = {Social and Environmental Justice Issues in Urban
Transportation},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {The Geography of Urban Transportation},
editor = {Susan Hanson and Genevieve Giuliano},
edition = {3rd},
chapter = 12,
publisher = {Guildford Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
pages = {332--355},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, equity},
quality = 4,
annote = {
A good overview of the full breadth of equity issues in
transportation planning. A few distinctive points: 1) access to
health care is often ignored. 2) Residential dispersal is a valid
solution to spatial mismatch, but transportation is usually touted
as the politically easier solution instead. My thoughts: in some ways,
providing
subsidised transit connections for reverse commutes is a subsidy to
suburbanising businesses, giving them access to low-wage employees
at a low-cost location. Without that access, they might choose to
locate closer to low-wage workers. 3) In addition to poor/rich
urban/suburban, short trip/long trip cross-subsidies, there are also
peak/off-peak trip cross-subsidies: off-peak travellers (e.g.,
low income midnight shift workers, part-time workers) do not
require the expensive ``peaked'' service of the regular workday.
(To be fair, late night service is also often heavily subsidised.)
4) The rationale for federal/state funding of transit projects in
suburban areas, despite inefficiency: suburbs pay a substantial chunk
of taxes, and need to see some returns. If the funds didn't go
through a federal level, this might not be an issue: cities could
fund their own transit projects... 5) The environmental justice
discussion is interesting, particularly the details of the various
Bus Riders' Unions. 6) Rich drivers generate more pollution than
poor drivers, both from longer trips and from lower fuel
efficiency.
}
}
@ARTICLE{DeRRae01,
author = {Michelle De{R}obertis and Rhonda Rae},
title = {Buses and bicycles: Design alternatives for sharing the road},
year = 2001,
month = MAY,
journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal},
publisher = {Institute of Transportation Engineers},
volume = 71,
number = 5,
pages = {36--44},
status = {read},
keywords = { bicycle planning, transit, streets, pavement marking },
annote = {
This is a very good idea for streets with heavy bus traffic.
Following the VACC's recommendation, Vancouver has implemented
this on downtown Burrard St.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{DijLevThoThoVanVanNilJorLunLau98,
author = {Atze Dijkstra and Peter Levelt and Jytte Thomsen and Ole
Thorson and Jan {van Severen} and Peter Vansevenant and Puk
Kristine Nilsson and Else J{\o}rgensen and Belinda {la Cour Lund}
and Jan Grubb Laursen},
title = {Best practices to promote cycling and walking},
year = 1998,
status = {read},
url = {http://www.cities-for-cyclists.org/dokumenter/adonis.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, pavement colouring, pavement marking, streets},
institution = {{Danish Road Directorate}},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
abstract = {
The ADONIS project was commissioned by the European Commission to a
Consortium comprising 7 partners as part of the Fourth
Framework Programme. Original title of the project is: Analysis
and Development Of New Insight into Substitution of short car
trips by cycling and walking (ADONIS).
The ADONIS project was partly funded by the EU - DG VII
Transport RTD Programme, Urban Sector and was co-financed by
Danish Transport Council, Danish Ministry of Transport,
Municipality of Barcelona, Catalan Institute of Road safety,
SAINCO TRAFICO S.A., Swedish Transport \& Communications Research
Board and Belgian Institute for Traffic Safety.
},
annote = {
Interesting ideas:
C10 (New types of designs for bus stops) describes
some interesting ways of designing bus stops to reduce conflicts
with cyclists. In one of the options, the bicycle lane is against
the curb, but the bus does not pull into the curb to let passengers off.
Instead, it stops in its lane, and passengers walk across the bicycle
lane. To help them, zebra crossings are marked across the bicycle lane
at the bus doors. I think this design is only needed because buses in
Denmark are not allowed to pull up to the curb when there is a bicycle
lane. C17a-b (Two-way bicycle traffic in one-way streets in Belgium and
the Netherlands) gives some interesting background on the effectiveness
of this desirable tactic in those countries, and includes some useful
signs used there. C18 (two-way traffic on cycle tracks) makes the
interesting point that two-way tracks can be good solutions when there
are many T juntions on one side of the street, but few on the other
(e.g., next to rail tracks or water).
The crossings section is excellent: all of C19--C32 are worth
reading. These ideas are first-rate, and few of them have been
adopted in North America, from what I've seen. These are some of
the biggest issues that I have with current design on this
continent. I liked their use of the term ``cycle crossing''
where the bike lane/path is marked through an intersection.
The parking section (C33--C38) isn't too revolutionary. There are a
few interesting details of free public bicycle programmes, and
company bicycle programmes in C40--C42. The rest of the policy
section (C39--C44) was unexciting, and likewise for the education
section (C45--C52).
The organisation section had some interesting ideas. C53 discusses
bicycles on public transport (mainly commuter rail routes) in
Copenhagen. C56 (``BikeBusters'') describes a programme where committed
car drivers were given a free bike, free bus tickets for a year, and
asked to fill in trip diaries and track their weight and cholesterol.
Others describe bike-to-school programmes, bicycle courier
companies, and priority snow cleaning.
}
}
@ARTICLE{DilCar03,
author = {Jennifer Dill and Theresa Carr},
title = {Bicycle Commuting and Facilities in Major {U.S.} Cities: If
you Build Them, Commuters will use them},
year = 2003,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1828,
pages = {116--123},
abstract = {
Some surveys indicate that providing bicycle lanes and paths may
encourage more people to commute by bicycle. The presence of a
striped lane or separated path can increase a cyclist's
perception of safety. With growing concerns over traffic
congestion and vehicle pollution, public policy makers are
increasingly promoting bicycling as an alternative for
commuting and other utilitarian trip purposes. State and local
spending on bicycle facilities has increased significantly over
the past decade. Previous studies have linked higher levels of
bicycle commuting to various demographic and geographic
variables. At least one analysis showed that cities with higher
levels of bicycle infrastructure (lanes and paths) witnessed
higher levels of bicycle commuting. Research was conducted that
affirms that finding by analyzing data from 43 large cities
across the United States. This cross-sectional analysis
improves on previous research by including a larger sample of
cities, not including predominantly college towns, and using
consistent data from the Bureau of the Census 2000 Supplemental
Survey. Although the analysis has limitations, it does support
the assertion that new bicycle lanes in large cities will be
used by commuters.
},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
status = {read},
url = {http://web.pdx.edu/~jdill/Dill\%20Carr\%20TRR\%201828.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{DiRCimBar81,
author = {John F.~DiRenzo and Bart Cima and Edward Barber},
title = {Parking Management Tactics},
institution = {{U.S.~Federal Highway Administration}},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
volume = {III: A Reference Guide},
year = 1981,
number = {FHWA-PL-81-010},
keywords = { parking },
annoteurl = {http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/DiRCimBar81/index.html },
status = {read}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Doh03,
author = {Sean T.~Doherty},
title = {Should we abandon activity type analysis?},
year = 2003,
month = AUG,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Travel
Behavior Research},
address = {Lucerne, Switzerland},
url = {http://www.ivt.baum.ethz.ch/allgemein/pdf/doherty.pdf},
annote = {
Some interesting results from the CHASE survey. Shows that
activity classification types (shopping, work, etc.) correlate very
poorly with activity flexibility in time and space. Consequently,
using an ``average'' flexibility for each activity type captures very
little of the true flexibility of the activities.
},
keywords = {activity-based modelling, ilute, travel behaviour},
status = {read}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Dot87,
author = {Steve Dotterer},
title = {Portland's arterial streets classification policy},
year = 1987,
editor = {Anne V.~Moudon},
booktitle = {Public Streets for Public Use},
chapter = 12,
pages = {170--179},
publisher = {Van Nostrand Reinhold},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
status = {read},
keywords = {streets, transport planning}
}
@BOOK{Dow92,
author = {Anthony Downs},
title = {Stuck in Traffic: Coping with Peak-Hour Traffic Congestion},
year = 1992,
publisher = {Brookings Institution Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = { transport planning, congestion pricing, transportation demand management, transit, land use transport link, urban form, induced travel, zoning },
status = {read},
annoteurl = {http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Dow92/index.html}
}
@BOOK{Dow04,
author = {Anthony Downs},
title = {Still Stuck in Traffic: Coping with Peak-Hour Traffic Congestion},
year = 2004,
publisher = {Brookings Institution Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
status = {read},
keywords = { transport planning, congestion pricing, transportation demand management, transit, land use transport link, urban form, induced travel, zoning },
annoteurl = {http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Dow92/index.html}
}
@ARTICLE{Dow05,
author = {Anthony Downs},
title = {Smart {G}rowth: Why We Discuss It More Than We Do It},
year = 2005,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 71,
number = 4,
pages = {367--378},
status = {read},
keywords = { transport planning, urban form, transit, land use transport link, urban politics, smart growth }
}
@TECHREPORT{DRD00,
author = {{Danish Road Directorate}},
title = {Collection of Cycle Concepts},
year = 2000,
status = {read},
url = {http://www.cities-for-cyclists.org/dokumenter/cyccon.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box, pavement colouring, bicycle segregation, bicycle parking, bicycle collisions, traffic calming},
institution = {{Danish Road Directorate}},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
abstract = {
Promotion of more and safer bicycle traffic produces healthier road
users and helps to create better towns. Collection of Cycle
Concepts presents some ideas on how to increase the use of
bicycles and how to prevent bicycle accidents.
The growth in car traffic is creating environmental problems
and congestion. Compared to other countries in Europe traffic
problems in Denmark are still modest. An important explanation
for this is the development in the course of the last century
of a robust bicycle culture. Today, one trip out of five in
Denmark is by bicycle.
The future role of the bicycle must also be strong in order to create a
sustainable society. It is important to develop and infrastructure that
permits the optimal exploitation of the bicycle's qualities and
possibilities.
A larger share of the short trips in towns can take place by
bicycle. The car is often indispensable on longer trips. The
bicycle can not be alone. Intermodality is important. The right
balance of good roads and paths for pedestrians, cyclists and
motorists can create better towns without losing the interaction
between modes of transport.
The bicycle can more often be used as feeder traffic for coach,
bus, train and plane on longer trips. This calls for safe an
functional access roads and terminals with good
possibilities for interchanges.
Not only road administrations, but also companies, institutions,
schools associations ets, must contribute to changing our attitudes
to transport and making it more acceptable to cycle. The
individual advantages are big. Half an hour's cycling daily
increases our mean life expectancy by 1--2 years and gives
better quality of life, both physically and mentally.
There are many measures that can be taken to improve cyclist
safety. In spite of this, the accident risk for Danish cyclists has
not changed over the past 25 years. It is necessary to approach the
problem more systematically and introduce proposed solutions and
places and among target groups where they will have the greatest
impact.
The main challenge is promoting more and safer bicycle traffic is
the need to implement a wide range of measures simultaneously. I
therefore invite the reader to consider the many ideas contained in
Collection of Cycle Concepts---and be inspired of those ideas,
which apply to local conditions.
},
annote = {
This is probably the best bicycle planning guide I've run into so
far. Throroughly recommended for anyone interested in these issues,
and for anyone already involved in bicycle planning or advocacy.
Some of the good stuff: route sweeping, every 2--8 weeks, plus extra
autumn service to deal with leaves and a special service for
weekends to deal with broken glass near nightlife zones (p.~123);
``cycle crossings,'' where pavement markings are extended through
an intersection to reduce conflicts with turning motor vehicles
(p.~89); advanced stop lines; cute advertisements (p.~37); signage
(pp.~102-105); effect of distance on mode choice (p.~46);
discussion of the need for small shops (p.~46); graph showing how
age affects cycling speed and distance (p.~12); wheel ramp on
stairs (p.~95); bike parking maps (p.~108), with symbols for
covered/uncovered and number of spaces.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{DT93,
author = {Department for Transport},
title = {{A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines for cyclists},
year = 1993,
institution = {Department for Transport, Traffic Advisory Unit},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box},
type = {Traffic Advisory Leaflet},
number = {08/93},
url = {http://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_roads/documents/page/dft_roads_504724.hcsp},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{DT96,
author = {Department for Transport},
title = {Further development of {A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines},
year = 1996,
institution = {Department for Transport, Traffic Advisory Unit},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box},
type = {Traffic Advisory Leaflet},
number = {05/96},
url = {http://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_roads/documents/page/dft_roads_504717.hcsp},
status = {read}
}
@UNPUBLISHED{Dua00,
author = {Andr\'{e}s Duany},
title = {The pseudoscience of planning},
year = 2000,
note = {Internet},
url = { http://www.dpz.com/Andres-Pseudoscience.htm},
keywords = {urban planning},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{Dua02,
author = {Andr\'{e}s Duany},
title = {Introduction to the special issue dedicated to the {T}ransect},
year = 2002,
journal = {Journal of Urban Design},
volume = 7,
number = 3,
pages = {251--260},
doi = {10.1080/1357480022000039321},
url = {http://www.dpz.com/pdf/03_Journal_of_Urban_Design.pdf},
status = {read},
keywords = {new urbanism, urban planning, urban design}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Dua03,
author = {Andr\'{e}s Duany},
title = {Neighbourhood design in practice},
year = 2003,
editor = {Peter Neal},
booktitle = {Urban Villages and the Making of Communities},
chapter = 4,
pages = {85--102},
publisher = {Spon Press},
address = {London, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {new urbanism, urban planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{DuaPla94,
author = {Andr\'{e}s Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk},
title = {The neighbourhood, the district, and the corridor},
year = 1994,
editor = {Peter Katz},
booktitle = {{N}ew {U}rbanism: Towards an architecture of community},
publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
pages = {xvii--xx},
status = {read},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, architecture, new urbanism, urban design}
}
@ARTICLE{DuaTal02,
author = {Andr\'{e}s Duany and Emily Talen},
title = {Transect Planning},
year = 2002,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 68,
number = 3,
pages = {254--266},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form, new urbanism}
}
@ARTICLE{Dun04,
author = {Robert T.~Dunphy},
title = {Housing and Traffic},
year = 2004,
month = FEB,
journal = {Urban Land},
volume = 63,
number = 2,
pages = {76--80},
publisher = {Urban Land Institute},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form},
status = {read},
annote = {
Interesting, with some good statistics. The author shows that if
transportation and housing costs are combined, total spending
amounts to 47--57\% of income across almost all of the United States.
The split between transport and housing varies dramatically, of course,
but the point is that you aren't really saving people any money by
building an auto-dependent region; you're just choosing a different
urban form. Top 10 most expensive: San Diego, Tampa, Los Angeles,
Miami, Denver, Atlanta, Phoenix, Cleveland and San Francisco.
Bottom 11: Portland, Baltimore, Houston, Milwaukee, Kansas City,
Anchorage, Pittsburgh, Minneapolis/St. Paul, St. Louis and
Honolulu. New York, surprisingly, is right in the middle of the
pack.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Dun04b,
author = {Robert T.~Dunphy},
title = {Conflicted Over Congestion},
year = 2004,
month = MAY,
journal = {Urban Land},
volume = 63,
number = 5,
pages = {81--86},
publisher = {Urban Land Institute},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{Dun04c,
author = {Robert T.~Dunphy},
title = {Pricing Traffic/Pacing Growth},
year = 2004,
month = MAY,
journal = {Urban Land},
volume = 63,
number = 5,
pages = {88--91},
publisher = {Urban Land Institute},
keywords = {congestion pricing},
status = {read},
annote = {
Some interesting notes flowing from the London congestion
charging scheme. New York has studied the idea, and is in fact
already partway there, since they have tolls on many of the bridges
entering Manhattan.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{ECO04,
author = {{ECONorthwest}},
title = {Metro Corridors Project: Analysis of Land Use and
Transportation Issues},
year = 2004,
month = AUG,
institution = {Metro and the Transportation Growth Management Program,
Oregon Department of Transportation/Department of Land Conservation and
Development},
address = {Portland, OR, USA},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.metro-region.org/library_docs/land_use/analysis_land_use_cov_and_text.pdf},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets}
}
@TECHREPORT{ECO05,
author = {{ECONorthwest}},
title = {Metro Corridors Project: Case Study Report},
year = 2005,
month = JUN,
institution = {Metro and the Transportation Growth Management Program,
Oregon Department of Transportation/Department of Land Conservation and
Development},
address = {Portland, OR, USA},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.metro-region.org/library_docs/land_use/case_study_land_use_cov_and_text.pdf},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets}
}
@TECHREPORT{EidOvePugTur06,
author = {Jean Eid and Henry G.~Overman and Diego Puga and Matthew
A.~Turner},
title = {Fat {C}ity: Questioning the Relationship between Urban Sprawl
and Obesity},
year = 2006,
type = {Manuscript Paper},
institution = {University of Toronto},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.upf.edu/grec/en/0607/docs/fatcity.pdf},
keywords = {urban planning, active transportation, land use transport link},
annote = {
After a quick read, my main criticism regards their choice of
neighbourhood variables. I am not convinced that they are capturing
``walkability'' in their coarse residential sprawl index or
``mixed-use'' index. While these two variables are intended to
capture density and diversity (ignoring design), they ignore the
work environment and probably do a poor job of measuring the
residential environment. They also tried using the Smart Growth America
sprawl index, but this index is not local enough to capture
the necessary neighbourhood-scale effects.
Additionally, I have to wonder about their sample---how many
walkable environments were actually sampled? In the US, an
unstratified sampling strategy would not include many walkable
locations.
Finally, I have to wonder about time lags: their model only
captures a change in BMI in the year following a move (when a
change in sprawl/mixed use is observed). What about subsequent years?
That said, these weaknesses are present in many other papers in the
literature, and they do bring some interesting perspectives and
methodology to the table. The inclusion of occupation variables
associated with strength and strenuousness was a valuable addition
to modelling in this area. I'd need to read the paper more closely
before I'd be prepared to defend my complaints, really.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Ell02,
author = {Cliff Ellis},
title = {The {N}ew {U}rbanism: Critiques and Rebuttals},
year = 2002,
journal = {Journal of Urban Design},
volume = 7,
number = 3,
pages = {261--291},
status = {read},
quality = 4,
doi = {10.1080/1357480022000039330},
annote = {
An excellent summary and rebuttal of the critiques of New Urbanism,
with a very solid bibliography thrown in for good measure.
Good quotes:
``Neoclassical economics is presented as a neutral methodology,
when it actually prescribes a political theory favouring individual
self-interest and consumerism over public-spirited behaviour and
deliberative political choices.''
``[...] New Urbanism will not abolish traffic congestion. But all
congestion is not equal. San Francisco and Paris have congestion,
but the streets are alive, the quality of life is high, and
alternatives to driving are plentiful. As many New Urbanists have
pointed out, the worst-case scenario is really congestion in the
suburbs, where the landscape is openly hostile to pedestrians and
transit service is minimal.''
``Andr\'{e}s Duany has trenchantly argued that it makes no sense to
throw away all of our town-planning traditions in the vain hope
that a few architectural masterpieces will result. This has
produced `an appalling win-loss ratio', with hundreds of disasters
littering the landscape for every masterpiece produced.''
},
keywords = {urban planning, new urbanism}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Enx99,
author = {Gerd Enxing},
title = {Decision Behaviour of Advanced Producer Services with Regard
to the Choice of Location},
year = 1999,
chapter = 14,
booktitle = {Demography of Firms: Spatial Dynamics of Firm Behaviour},
editor = {van Dijk, Jouke and Piet H.~Pellenbarg},
publisher = {Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap/Netherlands Geographical Studies},
volume = 262,
address = {Utrecht/Groningen, The Netherlands},
issn = {0169-4839},
pages = {271--283},
status = {read},
keywords = {firm behaviour, demography of firms, location choice}
}
@TECHREPORT{EPA02,
author = {{European Parking Association}},
title = {{EPA} Urban Parking Policy Guide: Statement for {COST 342}},
year = 2002,
institution = {European Co-operation in the Field of Scientific and
Technical Research (COST)},
address = {Cologne, Germany},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.europeanparking.eu/europeanparking/cms/Media/epa\%20policy\%20guide.pdf},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Ewi97,
author = {Reid Ewing},
title = {Counterpoint: Is {L}os-{A}ngeles-style sprawl desirable?},
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
year = 1997,
volume = 63,
number = 1,
pages = {107--126},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form, land use transport link},
annote = {
A good counterpoint to Gordon \& Richardson's article. My one
regret with this article: because the author tries to stick to
a clearly defensible urban form, and because he tries to avoid seeming
``hopelessly European or Canadian,'' his definition of a
``compact'' urban form is actually quite low-density and sprawling
by any other nation's standards. He advocates a density of about 4
units per acre, which is below the level required to support even
one bus every half hour.
}
}
@ARTICLE{EwiBroHoy05,
author = {Reid Ewing and Steven J.~Brown and Aaron Hoyt},
title = {Traffic Calming Practice Revisited},
year = 2005,
journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal},
volume = 75,
number = 11,
pages = {22--27},
status = {read},
abstract = {
This paper describes a survey that was conducted with 21 U.S.
jurisdictions concerning their traffic calming practices. The
findings are compared to previous studies to demonstrate how
policies and practices have evolved as the field has matured.
The jurisdictions were surveyed regarding traffic calming
program staffing, budgets, controversies and litigation.
Process issues such as project initiation,
prioritization/resource allocation, public approval, road user
needs and technical issues such as street eligibility were also
included. Finding showed significant changes in the
mainstreaming of programs within transportation or public works
departments, less public controversy surrounding programs,
greater reliance on private financing of construction, more public
involvement in planning through neighborhood traffic
committees, limited expansion of eligibility beyond local
streets to collectors and arterials, and expansion of
individual agency toolboxes to include a greater range of speed
control measures.
},
annote = {
I was surprised by the tiny amount of money devoted to traffic
calming in the jurisdictions they surveyed: only \$80,000 total in
Portland, with other funds coming from residents or the general
public works department fund. They note that most projects are
resident-initiated, rather than being identified by staff. Most
cities prioritize projects using reasonable criteria: speed,
volume, collisions, proximity to schools/hospitals/parks, ped/bike
volumes, density, street width, and sidewalks are sometimes used.
Some take a first come, first serve approach, and Sacramento even uses a
lottery.
},
keywords = { traffic calming, streets, prioritisation }
}
@ARTICLE{FajCur01,
author = {Joel Fajans and Melanie Curry},
title = {Why Bicyclists Hate Stop Signs},
year = 2001,
journal = {Access Magazine},
volume = 18,
pages = {28--31},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning, streets, traffic controls},
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/access.pl?access18.pdf}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Fer00,
author = {Nils Ferrand},
title = {Multi-reactive Agents Paradigm for Spatial Modelling},
editor = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and Michael Wegener},
booktitle = {Spatial Models and {GIS}: New Potential and New Models},
year = 2000,
publisher = {Taylor and Francis},
address = {London, UK},
pages = {167--184},
keywords = {geographic information systems, spatial modelling},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/FotWeg00/index.html }
}
@TECHREPORT{FHWA98-1,
author = {{U.S.~Federal Highway Administration}},
title = {Development of the Bicycle Compatibility Index: a level of
service concept},
year = 1998,
number = {FHWA-RD-98-072},
institution = {U.S.~Department of Transportation},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.hsrc.unc.edu/research/pedbike/bci/index.html},
annote = {
A very interesting study, with a good methodology for determining
cyclist comfort. It'd be nice to see this done with some leading-edge
designs, like bike boxes or coloured asphalt. The intserection pilot
study is also interesting, but inconclusive with respect to
design---they only tested 19 sites, which really doesn't seem sufficient
to cover the gamut of possible designs. The photographs they showed
were predominantly suburban settings, which isn't very helpful in
a typical urban Canadian context.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Fil96,
author = {Pierre Filion},
title = { Metropolitan planning objectives and implementation constraints:
planning in a post-{F}ordist and postmodern age },
year = 1996,
journal = {Environment and Planning A},
volume = 28,
number = 9,
pages = {1637--1660},
keywords = { geography, urban planning, politics, canada, urban form },
status = {read},
abstract = {
Planning faces the predicament that as recommendations become
bolder possibilities for implementation deteriorate. This is
imputed to society's transition from a Fordist and modern to a
post-Fordist and postmodern era. On the one hand, postmodern
values account for more public participation and heightened
environmental sensitivity, which translate into proposals for
alternative forms of urban development. On the other hand, the
implementation of these proposals is impaired by reduced public
sector resources as a result of the economic instability
associated with post-Fordism. Another impediment is the
difficulty to achieve sufficient support for planning
objectives in the postmodern context. This context is marked by
a fragmentation of values, attachment to the existing built
environment, and suspicion between social groups. The empirical
focus is on Toronto's bold metropolitan planning proposals.
Most recent planning documents call for reurbanization efforts,
a compact urban form, and reduced reliance on the car. In this
paper I cast doubts, however, on the eventual actualization of
these proposals by highlighting weaknesses in the present
and anticipated implementation context. These are tied to
factors that are specific to Toronto, but also to a greater
extent to the post-Fordist and postmodern environment.
},
annote = {
A few interesting ideas. He argues that the postmodern attachment of
value to public participation and plural views could undermine
processes aimed at changing suburban form to better accommodate
plurality. He suggests that NIMBYism arises from suspicion
between factions in a fractured society, and this will in turn
hinder changes to existing urban form (infill, etc.) and favour
greenfield development where such arguments can be avoided. In the
light of his arguments, I find policies such as urban growth
boundaries more appealing: they prevent greenfield alternatives and
force NIMBYism to be confronted directly. Toronto already seems to
be headed in this direction, as social housing projects are
increasingly recognised as necessary and located in all wards, instead
of being fought off by all wards.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Fil00,
author = {Pierre Filion},
title = {Balancing Concentration and Dispersion? Public Policy and
Urban Structure in {T}oronto},
year = 2000,
journal = {Environment and Planning C},
volume = 18,
pages = {163--189},
status = {read},
quality = 5,
keywords = { canada, urban planning, geography, urban politics, toronto },
annote = {
An excellent, detached and comprehensive overview of postwar trends
in the Toronto region. The hypothesis that Toronto may have ``the
best of both worlds'' by having both dispersed and concentrated
environments is an interesting one, although the retention of that
status would require both realms to grow at similar rates, which
has not been the trend in recent decades.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Fil01,
author = {Pierre Filion},
title = {Suburban Mixed-Use Centres and Urban Dispersion: What
Difference do They Make?},
year = 2001,
journal = {Environment and Planning A},
volume = 33,
number = 1,
pages = {141--160},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban design, pedestrian planning},
annote = {
Some very good points in a comparison of several Toronto shopping
centres that I know well. Hard data makes for an interesting
comparison exercise. The amazing thing, really, is the allocation
of space in each centre: roughly 2.5:1 ratio of space for cars to
space for buildings (except North York Centre, at 2:1), compared
with 1:2 in downtown Toronto. North York Centre still comes out
almost as bad as the others, since it uses its saved space mostly
for open park space (38\% of total space!)
``If suburban mixed-use centres have been successful in juxtaposing
different land uses, their integration of these uses has been far
less impressive.''
}
}
@ARTICLE{Fil03,
author = {Pierre Filion},
title = { Towards Smart Growth? {T}he Difficult Implementation of
Alternatives to Urban Dispersion},
year = 2003,
journal = {Canadian Journal of Urban Research},
volume = 12,
number = 1,
pages = {48--70},
keywords = { urban planning, urban politics, canada, urban form, smart growth},
status = {read},
abstract = {
The smart growth concept has recently achieved prominence within
the planning profession. It represents a reaction to mounting
resentment towards the adverse consequences of prevailing forms of
urbanization: air pollution, high development costs and
deteriorating quality of life. The article examines the possibility
of implementing smart growth proposals within the prevailing
political, economic and value environment. After drawing lessons
from the lack of success of attempts at altering urban development
over the last thirty years, the article proposes two smart growth
strategies. To maintain their implementation potential and capacity
to modify urbanization trends, the strategies avoid clashes with
entrenched preference patterns and powerful interest groups. The
first strategy consists in an expansion of the high-density
transit-oriented compact urban realm into the ambient low-density
car-dependent dispersed realm. The second strategy involves the
creation of mixed-use high-density corridors, hospitable to transit
use and walking, within newly urbanized areas.
},
annote = {
An excellent article, aimed at realistic incremental policies to
change urban densities, the main obstacle to mode share changes.
The solutions he presents are not new at all, but the political
context and discussion of suburban values are worth thinking about.
}
}
@ARTICLE{FilBunMcSTse04,
author = {Pierre Filion and Trudi Bunting and Kathleen Mc{S}purren and
Alan Tse},
title = {Canada-{U.S.} Metropolitan Density Patterns: Zonal Convergence
and Divergence},
year = 2004,
journal = {Urban Geography},
volume = 25,
number = 1,
pages = {42--65},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form, canada},
status = {read},
abstract = {
The paper compares density patterns of the three largest Canadian
metropolitan regions with those of a sample of 12 U.S. urban areas
with comparable populations. It verifies if such patterns support
claims of Canadian urban distinctiveness prevalent within this
country's research literature. Findings indicate that regional
differences among U.S. cities are as important as cross-national
distinctions. Measures of centrality and overall density place
observed Canadian metrpolitan areas within the same category as
older U.S. East Coast metropolitan areas. Inter-city comparisons of
historically and geographically defined zones suggest a period of
cross-national convergence before World War II, when the inner city
was developed, followed by a period of divergence from the 1940s to
the 1970s, when the inner suburb was built. The development of the
outer suburb, which began in the early 1970s, marks a return to
cross-national convergence. These results question the continued
relevance of the literature on the distinctiveness of Canadian
urbanization.
},
annote = {
Very interesting. They find that Canadian cities, as a group, do
stand out from American cities---they are denser overall (than
American cities of comparable size), and denser in their cores and
inner suburbs. In the outer suburbs, however, densities are
indistinguishable from American cities. Beyond that, however,
Canadian cities have much smaller exurban regions than their
American counterparts. They fit a cubic polynomial
to the density/distance-from-CBD graph, and don't find Canadian
cities to be as distinctive in that measure; I'm not sure how solid
their analysis there is, though (haven't read it closely enough).
Generally, the Canadian cities are distinctive as a group, since
all of the major Canadian cities are dense, but are generally
similar to northeastern American cities. The U.S. just has a wider
variety of cities. ``Our work does not so much refute the
perspective espoused by the Canadian urban specificity literature
as situate it historically and geographically. According to zonal
findings and events that have marked the evolution of cities in the
two countries, most of the noted cross-national differences can be
linked to the period that ran from the end of World War II to the
1970s.'' Overall, I don't think their results justify the final
sentence of their abstract (repeated in their introduction); I
think Canadian cities are quite distinctive. In particular, they
don't discuss exurban trends very much, although these are a very
significant part of American city development today: the Canadian
cities have only 18 percent of their population in exurban areas,
while the American cities are clustered closer to 30 percent, with
some as high as 50 percent (Atlanta, Boston).
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Fis00,
author = {Manfred M.~Fischer},
title = {Spatial Interaction Models and the Role of the Geographic
Information Systems},
editor = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and Michael Wegener},
booktitle = {Spatial Models and {GIS}: New Potential and New Models},
year = 2000,
publisher = {Taylor and Francis},
address = {London, UK},
pages = {33--43},
keywords = {geographic information systems, spatial modelling},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/FotWeg00/index.html }
}
@ARTICLE{FlyHolBuh02,
author = {Bent Flyvbjerg and Mette Skamris Holm and S{\o}ren Buhl},
title = {Underestimating costs in public works projects: error or
lie?},
year = 2002,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 68,
number = 3,
pages = {279--295},
annote = {
A very interesting article. The theory that actors lie about
project costs for political gain is supported by the
statistically significant results found in this article.
},
keywords = {transport planning, politics, finance, transit},
status = {read}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Fot00,
author = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham},
title = {{GIS}-based Spatial Modelling: A Step Forwards or a Step
Backwards?},
editor = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and Michael Wegener},
booktitle = {Spatial Models and {GIS}: New Potential and New Models},
year = 2000,
publisher = {Taylor and Francis},
address = {London, UK},
pages = {21--30},
keywords = {geographic information systems, spatial modelling},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/FotWeg00/index.html }
}
@BOOK{FotWeg00,
editor = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and Michael Wegener},
title = {Spatial Models and {GIS}: New Potential and New Models},
year = 2000,
publisher = {Taylor and Francis},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {geographic information systems, spatial modelling, transport modelling},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/FotWeg00/index.html }
}
@ARTICLE{FraAndSch04,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Martin A.~Andresen and Thomas L.~ Schmid},
title = {Obesity Relationships with community design, physical
activity, and time spent in cars},
year = 2004,
month = AUG,
volume = 27,
number = 2,
pages = {87--96},
journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, active transportation, urban form, land use transport link},
url = {http://www.act-trans.ubc.ca/documents/ajpm-aug04.pdf},
abstract = {
Obesity is a major health problem in the United States and
around the world. To date, relationships between obesity and
aspects of the built environment have not been evaluated
empirically at the individual level.
Objective
To evaluate the relationship between the built environment
around each participant's place of residence and self-reported
travel patterns (walking and time in a car), body mass index
(BMI), and obesity for specific gender and ethnicity
classifications.
Body Mass Index, minutes spent in a car, kilometers walked,
age, income, educational attainment, and gender were derived
through a travel survey of 10,878 participants in the Atlanta,
Georgia region. Objective measures of land use mix, net residential
density, and street connectivity were developed within a
1-kilometer network distance of each participant's place of
residence. A cross-sectional design was used to associate urban
form measures with obesity, BMI, and transportation-related
activity when adjusting for sociodemographic covariates.
Discrete analyses were conducted across gender and ethnicity.
The data were collected between 2000 and 2002 and analysis was
conducted in 2004.
Land-use mix had the strongest association with obesity (BMI>=30
kg/m^2), with each quartile increase being associated
with a 12.2\% reduction in the likelihood of obesity across
gender and ethnicity. Each additional hour spent in a car per
day was associated with a 6\% increase in the likelihood of
obesity. Conversely, each additional kilometer walked per day
was associated with a 4.8\% reduction in the likelihood of
obesity. As a continuous measure, BMI was significantly
associated with urban form for white cohorts. Relationships
among urban form, walk distance, and time in a car were
stronger among white than black cohorts.
Measures of the built environment and travel patterns are
important predictors of obesity across gender and ethnicity,
yet relationships among the built environment, travel patterns, and
weight may vary across gender and ethnicity. Strategies to
increase land-use mix and distance walked while reducing time
in a car can be effective as health interventions.
},
status = {read},
annote = {
A very useful addition to the debates on urban form. I'm a fan of
anything bring active transportation into the debate, rather than
just trying to reduce SOV trips. I'm curious about why they
found land-use mix and walking distance to be statistically
independent influences on obesity. Their speculation that it may
be related to nutrition (and so-called ``food deserts'') is an
interesting idea.
}
}
@ARTICLE{FraPiv94,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Gary Pivo},
title = {Impacts of mixed use and density on utilization of three modes
of travel: single-occupant vehicle, transit, and walking},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1466,
pages = {44--52},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form, transit, active transportation, land use transport link},
abstract = {
Findings from an empirical analysis to test the impacts of land-use
mix, population density, and employment density on the use of the
single-occupant vehicle (SOV), transit and walking for both work
trips and shopping trips are presented. The hypothetical
relationships tested focused on whether there is a relationship
between urban form and modal choice, whether this relationship
exists when controlling for non-urban form factors, whether this
relationship is linear or nonlinear, and whether a stronger
relationship exists between modal choice and urban form when they
are measured at both trip ends as opposed to either the origin or
the destination. A review of the literature and experiences
suggested that a fair amount of information is known about the
impacts of density on mode choice. However, considerable debate
exists over whether density itself is actually the causal stimulus
or a surrogate for other factors. To address this issue a data base
was developed with a comprehensive set of variables for which
density may be a proxy, for example, demographics and level of
service. This analysis employed a correlational research design in
which mode choice was compared among census tracts with differing
levels of density and mix. Findings from this research indicate
that density and mix are both related to mode choice, even when
controlling for non-urban form factors for both work trips and
shopping trips. Furthermore, the relationship between population
and employment density and mode choice for SOV, transit and walking
is nonlinear for both work and shopping trips. Transit usage and
walking increase as density and land-use mix increase, whereas SOV
usage declines. The findings from this research suggest that
measuring urban form at both trip ends provides a greater ability
to predict travel choices than looking at trip ends separately. The
findings also suggest that increasing the level of land-use mix at
the trip origins and destinations is also related to a reduction in
SOV travel and an increase in transit and walking.
},
annote = {
Solid research, with more convincing methodology than Sch96 (which
I read at about the same time).
Overall, the most interesting result of the paper is the
demonstration of nonlinearity. Figures 2 and 3 of their paper show
a graph of modal share vs. employment density, and vs. population
density. These graphs show that major increases in bus/walk modes
only happen at employment densities greater than 125
employees/acre (work trips), or 13 residents/acre (shopping trips).
The implications for policy are obvious: if you aren't going to
reach those thresholds, you're wasting your time. Also, the
employment graph shows substantial nonlinearity: between 75 and 125
employees/acre, there is essentially no change in mode share.
They also had some predictable results: walking trips were the most
sensitive to increases in population density; it's worth
considering densities at both trip ends (i.e., both residential
population density and employment population density); etc.
}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{FriAxh04,
author = {Martin Frick and Kay W.~Axhausen},
title = {Generating Synthetic Populations using {IPF} and {M}onte
{C}arlo Techniques: Some New Results},
year = 2004,
month = MAR,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th Swiss Transport Research
Conference},
address = {Monte Verit{\`a}, Switzerland},
keywords = {transport modelling, population synthesis},
status = {read}
}
@PHDTHESIS{Fur06,
author = {Franz F\"{u}rst},
title = {Empirical analysis of office markets: a spatiotemporal
approach},
year = 2006,
school = {Technischen Universit\"{a}t Berlin, Fakult\"{a}t Wirtschaft und
Management},
address = {Berlin, Germany},
status = {read},
url = {http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980667976&dok_var=d1&dok_ext=pdf&filename=980667976.pdf},
keywords = {real estate economics, economics, firm behaviour}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Gak94,
author = {Ralph Gakenheimer},
title = {Six strategic decisions for transportation in mega-cities},
year = 1994,
editor = {Roland J.~Fuchs and Ellen Brennan and Joseph Chamie and
Fu-chen Lo and Juha I.~Uitto},
booktitle = {Mega-city growth and the future},
chapter = 13,
pages = {332--348},
publisher = {United Nations University Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Gar98b,
author = {Gary Gardner},
title = {When Cities Take Bicycles Seriously},
year = 1998,
month = {September/October},
journal = {World Watch Magazine},
volume = 115,
pages = {16--22},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.worldwatch.org/pubs/download/EP115A/},
annote = {
A basic overview of the rationale for urban bicycling, and
the obstacles facing further promotion. It has some interesting
points regarding bike-based police and parking enforcement. I
think those officers are great, along with the bike-based paramedics
(stretcher trailer and all) I saw in Vancouver's Grey Cup festivities
in November 2005.
}
}
@ARTICLE{GarTay99,
author = {Mark Garrett and Brian Taylor},
title = {Reconsidering Social Equity in Public Transit},
year = 1999,
journal = {Berkeley Planning Journal},
volume = 13,
pages = {6--27},
status = {read},
keywords = {equity, transport planning, finance},
annote = {
Some interesting notes on racial/income equity in transit service.
Apparently, transit users were only 20\% minorities in 1977--but
that rose to 63\% by 1995! I hadn't realised that the racialisation
of transport in the USA was so recent. Also, some interesting notes
on US funding formulas for transit: a heavy weight on service area
coverage, and little weight on ridership achieved.
}
}
@BOOK{GarWac96,
author = {Mark Garrett and Martin Wachs},
title = {Transportation Planning on Trial: The Clean Air Act and Travel
Forecasting},
year = 1996,
publisher = {Sage Publications},
address = {Thousand Oaks, CA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling, activism },
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/GarWac96/index.html }
}
@ARTICLE{GarWan05,
author = {Norman W.~Garrick and Jianhong Wang},
title = {New Concepts for Context-Based Design of Streets and
Highways},
year = 2005,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1912,
pages = {57--64},
keywords = { streets, urban design, street design },
status = {read},
annote = {
Discusses some of the history of street design standards, and
problems with the typical current approach, where freeway design
standards are applied to urban street design. Emphasis on design
speed, curve radii, and design process. Good refs: Mar02.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Gil06,
author = {Billie Giles-Corti},
title = {People or places: what should be the target?},
year = 2006,
journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sports},
volume = 9,
pages = {357--366},
status = {read},
keywords = {active transportation, urban form}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Gir99,
author = {Herbert Girardet},
title = {Sustainable Cities: A contradiction in terms?},
year = 1999,
booktitle = {The Earthscan Reader in Sustainable Cities},
editor = {David Satterthwaite},
publisher = {Earthscan},
address = {London, UK},
status = {read},
quality = 2,
keywords = {sustainability}
}
@ARTICLE{Giu92,
author = {Genevieve Giuliano},
title = {Transportation demand management: promise or panacea?},
year = 1992,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 58,
number = 3,
pages = {327--335},
status = {read},
keywords = { transport planning, transportation demand management }
}
@ARTICLE{Giu92b,
author = {Genevieve Giuliano},
title = {Is Jobs-Housing Balance a Transportation Issue?},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1305,
pages = {305--312},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning},
status = {read},
annote = {
A good discussion of this issue, although it's admittedly not a
topic I find particularly important.
One possible reason why suburb-to-suburb commutes may wind up being
relatively short: ``the relative homogeneity of suburban areas
(making it easy to locate near one's job, or conversely negating any
advantage of living far from one's job).''
In general, I agree with most of the author's conclusions. I don't
see jobs-housing balance as a central issue in transportation
planning. I would aim more for diversity: providing a mixture of
types of jobs and types of housing in every community. Aiming for
an exact or near-exact balance is futile, as the author argues, but
I believe that there is nonetheless a need to give people the
option of locating near their jobs, which may not be provided
automatically by the market. (See, for example, the absence of
family-oriented condominiums in downtown Toronto, despite clear
evidence of a demand after they were built in downtown Vancouver.)
},
url = { http://www.uctc.net/papers/133.pdf }
}
@INCOLLECTION{Giu04,
author = {Genevieve Giuliano},
title = {Land Use Impacts of Transportation Investments: Highways and
Transit},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {The Geography of Urban Transportation},
editor = {Susan Hanson and Genevieve Giuliano},
edition = {3rd},
chapter = 9,
publisher = {Guildford Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
pages = {237--273},
quality = 4,
keywords = {transport planning, land use transport link, urban planning},
status = {read},
annote = {
A very good article, covering the theory, the empirical tests, and
the methodology involved in measuring land use impacts. Overall, I
agree with most of the analysis, with the exception of the closing
tirade against planners who support transit and oppose highway
expansion.
I found the discussion of the 1980 beltway study (PayBla80) quite
interesting---54 U.S. cities, with and without beltway highways, to
see what the impacts were on central cities. It's a good question
about regional structure and urban form.
There is one key difference between the highway studies and the
transit studies cited: since the studies are American, the highways
are in areas with no competing modes. As a result, presence/absence
of a highway is an indication of the presence/absence of access,
really, since the transit service is almost universally poorer than
the road access. The transit facilities, by contrast, each
represent fairly incremental improvements to access to areas that
are already well-served by highways; furthermore, they are
competing with highways, while the highway projects listed aren't
really competing with transit. Finally, many of the transit
facilities studied sound like examples of poor planning overall.
Boarnet \& Chalermpong's 2001 study of toll roads in Orange County
shows an example of a simple highway project providing access to an
otherwise inaccessible region. If there was a comparable example of
rail providing access to an empty hinterland (like streetcars at
the turn of the century), it might make a fair comparison.
For this reason, I'd like to look closer at Haider \& Miller's study
in Toronto. It's a context where both modes are quite viable: rail
and highways both attract significant customers. Absence of
highways does not mean absence of access, since transit can fill that
void; and vice versa.
That said, the conclusions the author draws about highway impacts
and transit impacts are somewhat fair. I would perhaps expand the
field of impact of rail beyond the narrow corridor she ascribes
to it---with feeder bus systems, a rail line can have impacts well
beyond its immediate corridor.
The one argument I would like to pursue further is the author's
claim that transit systems should have a decentralising effect
similar to highways, since they provide access and allow people to
access the centre quickly from a distance. From a theoretical
perspective considering a single rail line, I agree with this;
however, it ignores two important points: the focussing effect of
transit, and the accessibility peaks at intersecting facilities.
Mutually supportive transit+land use involves a concentration of
activities along the transit corridor, focusing
origins/destinations within a linear region. Highways do also have
some focusing effects---hence the higher land values near
interchanges. However, since the transit feeder mode is usually foot
rather than car, a transit facility will tend to have a stronger
focusing effect. This is not a direct argument against
decentralisation, but it is a partial argument: the transit
facility may allow radial decentralisation, but it will
simultaneously encourage circumferential centralisation.
Finally, when multiple transportation facilities intersect, there
is a peaking of accessibility, providing a single focal point. This
can be seen at the intersection of freeways, or the intersection of
transit lines. It is here that transit can encourage radial
centralisation: if multiple transit facilities intersect at the
city centre, the accessibility peak created at that location could
potentially counter the decentralising effects of the individual
transit lines. Transit probably has more potential for centralising
than highways do, since more than two transit facilities can
intersect in close geographic proximity---or, as in many North
American city centres, multiple transit facilities and a highway
could converge on the downtown.
}
}
@BOOK{God94,
author = {Stephen B.~Goddard},
title = {Getting There: The Epic Struggle between Road and Rail in the
{A}merican Century},
year = 1994,
publisher = {The University of Chicago Press},
address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
keywords = {history, finance, urban politics}
}
@TECHREPORT{Gol04,
author = {Michael Goldberg},
title = {Transportation as an Economic Growth Engine: Challenges,
Opportunities and Policy Suggestions},
year = 2004,
month = DEC,
institution = {British Columbia Progress Board},
status = {read},
keywords = { transport planning, politics }
}
@TECHREPORT{Goo95,
author = {Phil Goodwin},
title = {The end of hierarchy? {A} new perspective of managing the road
network},
year = 1995,
institution = {Council for the Protecton of Rural England},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {streets, transport planning}
}
@MISC{Goo97,
author = {Phil Goodwin},
title = {Solving Congestion},
year = 1997,
howpublished = {Inaugural Lecture for the Professorship of Transport
Policy, University College London},
url = {http://www.cts.ucl.ac.uk/tsu/pbginau.htm},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport modelling, history, transport planning},
annote = {
A good overview of progress from the 1960s ``predict and provide''
approach to the current idea that road capacity is fundamentally a
policy decision.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Goo04,
author = {Phil Goodwin},
title = {Congestion Charging in Central {L}ondon: Lessons Learned},
year = 2004,
month = DEC,
journal = {Planning Theory \& Practice},
volume = 5,
number = 4,
pages = {501--505},
keywords = {congestion pricing, urban politics, transport modelling},
status = {read},
annote = {
Some interesting analysis of the politics in this issue. Goodwin notes
that the
use of revenue from congestion charging is an essential part of any
scheme, in which ``the beneficiaries were as visible and influential as
the motorists who paid it'' even if the only goal is to reduce
congestion, not to raise revenue. In London's case, the revenue was
funneled to public transport improvements.
He also notes the implications for modelling: the traffic
reduction was at the upper end of the range estimated by models,
and the revenues from the scheme were hence lower than expected.
``This is not particular to road pricing: it is part of a general
reappraisal of establish transport modelling techniques, which have
a built-in tendency to underestimate the range and complexity of
the behaviour response to policy, which in turn causes an
overestimation of the benefits of infrastructure expansion, and an
underestimation of the benefits of demand management.'' In a
footnote, he adds that ``some of the earlier modelling work
had actually forecast a bigger effect, closer to what happened, but
this had been progressively revised downwards by the modelling
teams in order to produce robust, defensible, conservative
assessments.''
}
}
@ARTICLE{GooHasCai98,
author = {Phil Goodwin and Carmen Hass-Klau and Sally Cairns},
title = {Evidence on the Effects of Road Capacity Reductions on Traffic
Levels},
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 39,
number = 6,
year = 1998,
month = JUN,
pages = {348--354},
keywords = {transport modelling, transport planning, roadspace reallocation},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{GorVip05,
author = {D.~Gordon and S.~Vipond},
title = {Gross density and {N}ew {U}rbanism: comparing conventional and
{N}ew {U}rbanist suburbs in {M}arkham, {O}ntario},
year = 2005,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 71,
number = 1,
pages = {41--54},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban design, urban form, transport planning, urban planning, new urbanism },
annote = {
Very interesting. Markham looks like it may be a good control case
for future investigations. Having lived away from the GTA for many
years, I was surprised to hear of consistent support for such
policies from Markham, which was quite car-dependent in my time.
}
}
@ARTICLE{GorKumRic89,
author = {Peter Gordon and Ajay Kumar and Harry Richardson},
title = {The Influence of Metropolitan Spatial Structure on Commuting
Time},
year = 1989,
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
volume = 26,
pages = {138--151},
keywords = {urban form, urban planning, transport planning, transport modelling, land use transport link},
status = {read},
annote = {
A reasonable paper, but I'm skeptical of the data. The authors used
highly aggregated metropolitan-level data to draw inferences about
travel behaviour, which seems a bit dubious. They did at least
include a variable summarizing how ``monocentric'' each area was,
but did not otherwise disaggregate the data at all. I'm not
convinced that behaviour can be analysed meaningfully at that scale.
}
}
@ARTICLE{GorRic97,
author = {Peter Gordon and Harry Richardson},
title = {Are Compact Cities a Desirable Planning Goal?},
year = 1997,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 63,
number = 1,
pages = {95--106},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form},
quality = 2,
status = {read},
url = {http://astro.temple.edu/~jmennis/Courses/GUS_0150/readings/Gordon97.htm},
annote = {
While initially convincing, this article relies on some very
dubious rhetorical methods to attack compact urban form. It's
worthwhile if only to help develop the critical skills to dissect
invalid argumentation. Be sure to read Ewing (1997) as well.
}
}
@BOOK{GraMar01,
author = {Stephen Graham and Simon Marvin},
title = {Splintering Urbanism},
year = 2001,
publisher = {Routledge},
address = {London, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {geography, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Gra02,
author = {Jill Grant},
title = {Mixed Use in Theory and Practice: {C}anadian Experience with
Implementing a Planning Principle},
year = 2002,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 68,
number = 1,
pages = {71--84},
quality = 1,
status = {read},
keywords = {canada, urban planning, urban form, zoning}
}
@ARTICLE{Gre03,
author = {Michael J.~Greenwald},
title = {The Road Less Travelled: {N}ew {U}rbanist Inducements to
Travel Mode Substitution for Nonwork Trips},
year = 2003,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 23,
number = 1,
pages = {39--57},
status = {read},
doi = {10.1177/0739456X03256248},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form, land use transport link, transport planning, pedestrian planning},
annote = {
I haven't fully absorbed the meaning of this author's models yet.
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Gri02,
author = {John Grimshaw},
title = {The {UK} {N}ational {C}ycle {N}etwork: a millenium project},
year = 2002,
chapter = 7,
pages = {100--109},
editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for
Urban Planners},
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html }
}
@MISC{Gua02,
author = {Jeffrey Guan},
title = {Synthesizing Family Relationships Between Individuals for the
{ILUTE} Micro-simulation Model},
year = 2002,
howpublished = {B.A.Sc. thesis, University of Toronto, Department of
Civil Engineering},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
status = {read},
keywords = {ilute, population synthesis}
}
@TECHREPORT{GVRD96,
author = {{Greater Vancouver Regional District}},
title = {Livable Region Strategic Plan},
year = 1996,
institution = {Greater Vancouver Regional District},
address = {Burnaby, BC, Canada},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form, transport planning, canada},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.gvrd.bc.ca/growth/lrsp/LRSP.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{GVRD04,
author = {{Greater Vancouver Regional District}},
title = {2003 Sustainability Report},
year = 2004,
institution = {Greater Vancouver Regional District},
address = {Burnaby, BC, Canada},
keywords = {urban planning, canada},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.gvrd.bc.ca/sustainability/SRIReport03/SR2003.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Hal97,
author = {Peter Hall},
title = {The Future of the Metropolis and its Form},
year = 1997,
journal = {Regional Studies},
volume = 31,
number = 3,
pages = {211--220},
status = {read},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban form},
annote = {
Some interesting discussion of the British experience in urban
planning, drawing from Stone (1973). On the basis of cost, Stone
recommended settlements of about 250,000 people instead of a huge
monocentric city. Hall draws comparisons between the British
experience of heavy land use regulation and the American
experience, and finds that while British planning restricted land
supply and raised housing prices, any solution today would require
massive releases of land in high pressure areas, causing a
dismemberment of the land use planning system. He discussed
European sustainable urban development policies (pedestrian zones,
traffic calming, and road pricing), but argues that by focusing on
the centre they may be transferring the problem to the suburbs. He
includes some interesting discussion of late 1990s planning efforts
in France to provide radial transit to the inner
suburbs of Paris (ORBITALE) and extensions of the RER system
(LUTECE). He also discusses the Dutch ABC system (EXTRA).
},
quality = 3
}
@INCOLLECTION{Hal01,
author = {Peter Hall},
title = {Sustainable cities or town cramming?},
year = 2001,
booktitle = {Planning for a sustainable future},
editor = {Antonia Layard and Simin Davoudi and Susan Batty},
pages = {101--114},
publisher = {E\&FN Spon},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
chapter = 7,
status = {read},
keywords = {urban form, urban planning},
annote = {
I found this article interesting, and it spanned a wide range of
the debates on ``desirable density.'' I liked the effort to discuss
net vs. gross density, comparisons of many different measures, the
relation to declining household size (and hence lower person
densities), and the relation to transit service. However, I found
some of the arguments unpersuasive, particularly the argument in
favour of a density of 30--40 units/net hectare---but perhaps I need
to read the source study. I quite liked the historical aside of
``London vs. the continent'' (Rasmussen 1937) and even the bleeding
edge of American debate (Jacobs and Appleyard 1987).
Useful refs on density: DETR 1998 report (BSPUCLLD98), Rudlin and
Falk (1999); also, Susan Owens (1984).
}
}
@ARTICLE{Hal04,
author = {Peter Hall},
title = {The {B}uchanan Report: 40 years on},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transport},
volume = 157,
number = 1,
pages = {7--14},
doi = {10.1680/tran.157.1.7.36462},
keywords = {history, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{HanBoaEwiKil02,
author = {Susan L.~Handy and Marlon G.~Boarnet and Reid Ewing and
Richard E.~Killingsworth},
title = {How the built environment affects physical activity: Views from
urban planning},
year = 2002,
journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},
volume = 23,
number = {2S},
pages = {64--73},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban form, land use transport link, urban planning, active transportation}
}
@ARTICLE{HanCaoMok06,
author = {Susan L.~Handy and Xinyu Cao and Patricia L.~Mokhtarian},
title = {Self-Selection in the Relationship Between the Built
Environment and Walking: Empirical Evidence from {N}orthern
{C}alifornia},
year = 2006,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 72,
number = 1,
quality = 4,
status = {read},
pages = {55--74},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, land use transport link},
annote = {
An excellent article investigating the role of attitudes in walking
and biking. Most importantly, they attempted a quasi-longitudinal
method. They discussed the feedbacks between the act of walking and
attitudes about walking, although their method is not sophisticated
enough to examine those feedbacks.
Some of the numbers are scary. For the average suburban respondent,
the minimum distance to any establishment was about 550m, versus
250m for an urban respondent. The distance to any household
maintenance establishment (e.g., groceries, drugstore, etc.) was
800m versus 400m for urban. No wonder no one walks!
Their cycling model had a surprisingly high R-squared value,
0.258---most disaggregate cycling models that I've seen are much
lower. Cervero \& Duncan had about 0.13; Krizek had about 0.22. Mind
you, this could just be a result of their model structure, which is
quite unusual.
Regarding their actual models, I'm mildly concerned by the
pro-bike/walk and pro-transit attitude variables in their cycling
model. While the signs are plausible, the variables are fairly
highly correlated; is it possible that the parameters are therefore
misestimated? (Mind you, a correlation of 0.3 isn't that high, at
the end of the day.) More importantly, what is the
``alternatives factor''? I'm guessing that it refers to the ``PA
options'' factor, but it's not clear. Finally, why is a change in
the ``socializing behaviour'' in the new neighbourhood associated
with greater cycling? This isn't explored in the paper, but I could
imagine that it means ``more other people out cycling''---the classic
``safety in numbers'' hypothesis from the cycling literature.
},
url = {http://www.ndsu.edu/ndsu/xinyu/JAPA_Walking.pdf}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Han04,
author = {Susan Hanson},
title = {The context of urban travel},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {The Geography of Urban Transportation},
editor = {Susan Hanson and Genevieve Giuliano},
edition = {3rd},
chapter = 1,
publisher = {Guildford Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
pages = {3--29},
quality = 3,
keywords = {transport planning},
status = {read},
annote = {
Nothing too exciting here; basically just Transport Planning 101.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Har94,
author = {Britton Harris},
title = {The real issues concerning {L}ee's ``{R}equiem''.},
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 60,
number = 1,
pages = {31--34},
year = 1994,
annote = {
Dismisses Lee73. Mostly critical of the tone of the article, and
the divisions it produced in the planning community, divorcing
planning from modelling for a long period. Claims are mostly about
Lee's rhetoric, the authorities he appealed to, and his limited
understanding of the models. Comparisons with GIS are unfortunate,
since GIS has a much larger market and hence has seen much faster
development than transport modelling.
},
keywords = {spatial modelling, transport modelling},
status = {read}
}
@BOOK{Har96,
author = {Richard Harris},
title = {Unplanned Suburbs: {T}oronto's {A}merican Tragedy, 1900 to
1950},
year = 1996,
publisher = {John Hopkins University Press},
address = {Baltimore, MD, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, history, urban form, canada},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Har96/index.html }
}
@INCOLLECTION{Har02,
author = {James Harrison},
title = {Planning for more cycling: the {Y}ork experience bucks the
trend},
year = 2002,
chapter = 9,
pages = {143--154},
editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for
Urban Planners},
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html }
}
@ARTICLE{Heb03,
author = {Michael Hebbert},
title = {{N}ew {U}rbanism: the movement in context},
year = 2003,
journal = {Built Environment},
volume = 29,
number = 3,
pages = {193--209},
status = {read},
doi = {10.2148/benv.29.3.193.54285},
keywords = {new urbanism}
}
@ARTICLE{HeiSch04,
author = {Andrew Heisz and Grant Schellenberg},
title = {Public Transit Use Among Immigrants},
institution = {Statistics Canada},
year = 2004,
journal = {Canadian Journal of Urban Research},
volume = 13,
number = 1,
pages = {170--191},
keywords = { canada, transit, transport planning, sociology },
annote = {
Some very interesting notes regarding immgrants' use of public
transit. ``We find that recent immigrants are much more likely than
the Canadian born to use public transit to commute to work, even
after controlling for age, gender, income, distance to work, and
distance between place of residence and the city centre. Two
factors seem to explain this high rate of transit usage. First,
immigrants tend to use public transit in their commute to work more
when they are new to Canada (independent of other factors such as
age and income) but their rate of transit use declines as they
reside in Canada for longer periods of time. Second, newer cohorts
of immigrants have higher rates of transit use than earlier
cohorts, suggesting that they may be different in some ways that
have not been observed. [...] Projections for future public transit
needs could take into account that the urban population is not only
growing, but is also compositionally shifting towards a high-usage
group.'' They also found some interesting results about immigrants'
source countries: ``In both Toronto and Montreal, the incidence of
public transit utilization is highest among immigrants from the
Carribean, Southeast Asia, Central and South America, and Africa;
they are lowest among immigrants from Easy Asia, Europe, West Asia,
North America and Oceania.'' Results from Vancouver were
unfortunately very distorted due to the transit strike that took
place during the 2001 census, especially changing usage patterns in
Skytrain-serviced areas versus bus-serviced areas. It's worth
noting that immigrants from all of these source nations were much more
likely to use transit than the Canadian born, usually by margins of
at least 50\%.
},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{Her98,
author = {Brita Hermelin},
title = {Location of Professional Business Services},
year = 1998,
journal = {European Urban and Regional Studies},
volume = 5,
number = 3,
pages = {263--275},
keywords = {location choice, economic geography, firm behaviour},
abstract = {
The location pattern of advanced professional business services is a
matter of interest among scholars in economic geography and
neighbouring disciplines. This article considers location factors in
the context of a conceptual discussion as well as a Swedish case-
study. The conclusions suggest that there are reasons to reevaluate the
relative importance of different location factors. Although the
factor of proximity to clients (the market) is important and tends to
dominate the discussion in much research in geography, it offers only a
partial explanation of the location of professional business services
firms. This article produces arguments for the importance of several
other location factors: professional labour, localization and
urbanization economies, and the circumstances surrounding the
establishment of firms as well as their subsequent history.
},
status = {read}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Her99,
author = {Lene Herrstedt},
title = {The {D}anish Strategy to Promote Safe Cycling},
year = 1999,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo-City 99},
address = {Graz, Austria},
pages = {3--9},
status = {read},
url = {ftp://kamen.uni-mb.si/velo-city99/proceedings.pdf},
abstract = {
One of the targets in the Danish masterplan for transport ``Traffic
2005'' is to promote cycling and walking in Danish cities and at
the same time to improve traffic safety for cyclists and
pedestrians as well as for road users in general. Around 4\% of
car traffic mileage should be transferred to cycling and
walking before 2005. The traffic safety target of the
masterplan, in spite of increasing traffic is to reduce the
number of persons killed and injured by 45\% before the year
2000 with reference to the year 1988. In 1997, the Danish
Government published a new national traffic safety strategy
``Every accident is one too many''. This strategy pays specific
attention to the safety of cyclists. Demonstration projects
co-financed by the government have been initiated to
demonstrate some examples on how to realize the intentions and
targets. In addition, new research activities have been
initiated. In 1997, the Ministry of Transport established a
Cyclist Forum with the purpose of creating a dialogue among
local, regional and state level Road Authorities and the
different players involved or related to planning and safety of
cycling. In the spring of 1999, the Ministry of Transport is
going to introduce a new national cycling strategy and the
Danish Road Directorate will introduce a new handbook for local
technicians and planners - a Catalogue of Ideas for
recommendable solutions to promote safe cycling. This paper
presents the Danish strategy for promoting safe cycling -
including an overview of the policy, activities and experiences
so far.
},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{HesMil06,
author = {Paul Hess and Beth M.~Milroy},
title = {Making {T}oronto's Streets},
year = 2006,
institution = {University of Toronto, Department of Geography and Planning},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
quality = 4,
status = {read},
url = { http://www.cuhi.utoronto.ca/research/Toronto%20Streets%20Report%20Sept%202006.pdf },
keywords = { streets, pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, canada, street design, urban design, prioritisation }
}
@ARTICLE{HesMouSnySta99,
author = {Paul Hess and Anne V.~Moudon and Mary C.~Snyder and Kiril
Stanilov},
title = {Neighborhood Site Design and Pedestrian Travel},
year = 1999,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1674,
status = {read},
pages = {9--19},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, urban design, streets},
annote = {
Some interesting notes about site design. It's a refreshingly
concrete comparison of urban and suburban neighbourhood design. I
don't think I'd realised just how sparse some American street
networks are until I saw the maps of Mariner, Seattle... I can't
find any Canadian suburb that empty. Not that it makes Canadian
suburbs any more walkable---our suburban pattern may be dense, but
it's still extremely disconnected.
The scale of suburban blocks was also surprising: 300m-400m per
side, on average, compared to 90m-122m for urban blocks. The rule
of thumb is that people won't walk more than 400m to a bus
stop---one block in the suburbs. Not to mention the perceptual
bleakness of walking forever in these empty spaces...
I found the comments here about pedestrian traffic to different
sized commercial centres interesting. They found that in suburban
neighbourhoods, pedestrians preferred medium-sized centres over
other sizes. I wonder what the reasons are---perhaps the
auto-favouring design features around large suburban centres, or
the barrier caused by their colossal parking lots?
I really liked the discussions on micro design. While
many reports talk about illegal jaywalking, they at least note that
in many suburban areas, the distance between legal crossings is
usually 400-800m---a huge distance for someone on foot. Is it any
wonder that people jaywalk? They also noted the problems of fences
around apartment complexes, schools, and commercial areas---I can't
count the number of times I've walked the most direct path out of
a suburban location only to find a fence, and then being forced to
retrace my steps, walking an extra 500-1000m for no reason
whatsoever.
Finally, I liked the idea of a ``latent'' pedestrian market in
medium-density suburbs, that could be brought out with improved
design.
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Hil96b,
author = {Mayer Hillman},
title = {In Favour of the Compact City},
year = 1996,
booktitle = {The Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Form?},
editor = {Mike Jenks and Elizabeth Burton and Katie Williams},
publisher = {E\&FN Spon},
address = {London, UK},
pages = {36--44},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban form, sustainability}
}
@ARTICLE{Hil01,
author = {Mayer Hillman},
title = {Prioritising Policy \& Practice to Favour Walking},
year = 2001,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 7,
number = 4,
pages = {39--43},
status = {read},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, prioritisation},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp07.4.pdf}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Hol02,
author = {Dave Holladay},
title = {Cycling with public transport: combined in partnership, not
conflict},
year = 2002,
chapter = 8,
pages = {110--142},
editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for
Urban Planners},
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transit},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html }
}
@INCOLLECTION{HolLinMal00,
author = {Einer Holm and Urban Lindgren and Gunnar Malmberg},
title = {Dynamic Microsimulation},
editor = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and Michael Wegener},
booktitle = {Spatial Models and {GIS}: New Potential and New Models},
year = 2000,
publisher = {Taylor and Francis},
address = {London, UK},
pages = {143--165},
keywords = {geographic information systems, spatial modelling},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/FotWeg00/index.html }
}
@ARTICLE{Hua96,
author = {Herman Huang},
title = {The Land-Use Impacts of Urban Rail Transit Systems},
year = 1996,
journal = {Journal of Planning Literature},
volume = 11,
number = 1,
pages = {17--30},
status = {read},
quality = 4,
annote = {
A brief survey of literature on Toronto, San Francisco, Washington,
Boston, Cleveland, Atlanta, Calgary, Edmonton, Portland and San Diego.
Many, many good references.
},
keywords = {urban planning, transit, transport planning, land use transport link, urban form, canada}
}
@TECHREPORT{HubWil03,
author = {Tom Huber and John Williams},
title = {Wisconsin Bicycle Planning Guidance},
year = 2003,
month = JUN,
url = {http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/projects/state/docs/bike-guidance.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pavement marking, traffic calming, traffic controls},
institution = {Wisconsin Department of Transportation},
address = {Madison, WI, USA},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{Hun06,
author = {John Douglas Hunt},
title = {An Examination of Bicycle Use Sensitivities Over Time Using
Stated Preference},
year = 2006,
type = {Technical Paper},
number = {TP-06015},
institution = {Institute for Advanced Policy Research, University of Calgary},
address = {Calgary, AB, Canada},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {
http://www.iapr.ca/images/stories/pdfs/iapr-tp-06015.pdf
}
}
@UNPUBLISHED{HunAbr01,
author = {John Douglas Hunt and John Edward Abraham},
title = {Influences on bicycle use},
year = 2001,
month = OCT,
note = {Unpublished?},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.ucalgary.ca/\%7Ejabraham/Papers/edmontonbike/EdmontonCyclingPaperForTransportation.pdf},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{HunBroSte02,
author = {John Douglas Hunt and Alan T.~Brownlee and Kevin J.~Stefan},
title = {Response to {C}entre {S}treet {B}ridge closure: where the
``disappearing'' travellers went},
year = 2002,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1807,
keywords = {induced travel, canada, transport modelling, streets, roadspace reallocation },
url = {http://www.ucalgary.ca/\%7Ejabraham/Papers/centrest/TRB_CENT.pdf},
status = {read},
abstract = {
An ongoing topic of interest in urban transportation engineering is
the impact of changes in road network capacity upon the amount
of vehicle travel made in the urban area. In many cases the
debate focuses on the potential increases in vehicle travel
occurring with increases in road capacity - the phenomenon of
``induced demand''. Some studies have also looked at the effects
of reductions in roadway capacity, and found that in many of
these cases reductions in vehicle travel occur, generally
confirming that a relationship exists between roadway capacity
and vehicle travel.
This paper provides additional information on this subject, in
a North American context.
The City of Calgary, in Alberta, Canada is a thriving major
urban centre with a population of over 850,000, and a Downtown
employment of over 100,000. Centre Street Bridge is a major
road bridge across the Bow River connecting Downtown Calgary to
the residential area in the north part of the City. The bridge
carries over 34,000 vehicles per day, with heavy peak period
flows. In August of 1999 the Centre Street Bridge was closed to
car and truck traffic for a period of 14 months for major
repairs.
A detailed study was undertaken of changes in weekday traffic,
transit and pedestrian flows changes that took place in weekday
travel patterns during the closure. This included both analysis
of observed count data before and during the closure; and an
interview survey with over 1,300 car users of the Centre Street
Bridge and the other bridges serving the north side of the
Downtown.
This paper summarizes the major findings of this study.
Particular emphasis is placed on explaining what happened to
the vehicle trips that used the Bridge before the closure.
},
annote = {
While I'm not pleased with the results they report, I'm not too
surprised. I imagine some of this can be attributed to the fact
that it's car-addicted Calgary, but it's still a disappointing
result: very little mode shift (<10\%). On the upside, the city
didn't stop working during the bridge closure; drivers just had to
shift their travel times and routes. This isn't very politically
acceptable, though; many would feel hard done by if this occurred
during a Burrard Bridge lane closure.
}
}
@ARTICLE{HunMilKri05,
author = {John Douglas Hunt and Eric J.~Miller and David S.~Kriger},
title = {Current Operational Urban Land-Use Transport Modeling
Frameworks},
year = 2005,
month = MAY,
journal = {Transport Reviews},
volume = 25,
number = 3,
pages = {217--234},
status = {read},
keywords = {ilute, transport modelling}
}
@TECHREPORT{Hun98,
author = {William W.~Hunter},
title = {An Evaluation of Red Shoulders as a Bicycle and Pedestrian
Facility},
year = 1998,
institution = {University of North Carolina, Highway Safety Research
Center},
address = {Chapel Hill, NC, USA},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, pavement colouring, streets},
url = {http://www.dot.state.fl.us/Safety/ped_bike/handbooks_and_research/research/redstudy.pdf},
status = {read},
annote = {
Somewhat interesting, mostly due to its rarity: there are very few
North American studies of pavement colouring. It's a rural context,
and hence not very applicable in the situations I examine, where a
bike lane might be coloured adjacent to a parking lane. The most
curious aspect of the paper is the author's choice to consider
``motor vehicle encroaches neighboring vehicle lane when passing
bike'' as a major variable---it's an issue, but not a major one in
my view.
}
}
@ARTICLE{HunHarSteBir00,
author = {William W.~Hunter and David L.~Harkey and J.~Richard Stewart
and Mia L.~Birk},
title = {Evaluation of Blue Bike-Lane Treatment in {P}ortland, {O}regon},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1705,
year = 2000,
pages = {107--115},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pavement colouring, streets},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1705-017.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{HunSte99,
author = {William W.~Hunter and J.~Richard Stewart},
title = {An Evaluation of Bike Lanes Adjacent to Motor Vehicle
Parking},
year = 1999,
month = DEC,
institution = {Florida Department of Transportation},
keywords = {bicycle planning, parking, pavement marking, streets },
url = {http://www.dot.state.fl.us/Safety/ped_bike/handbooks_and_research/research/ftlaud.pdf},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{HunSteStuHuaPei99,
author = {William W.~Hunter and J.~Richard Stewart and Jane C.~Stutts
and Herman H.~Huang and Wayne E.~Pein},
title = {A Comparative Analysis of Bicycle Lanes versus Wide Curb
Lanes: Final Report},
year = 1999,
number = {FHWA-RD-99-034},
institution = {U.S.~Federal Highway Administration},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {bicycle planning, streets, pavement marking, bicycle segregation },
url = {http://www.walkinginfo.org/pdf/r\&d/widelanes_final.pdf},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{HunSteStuHuaPei99b,
author = {William W.~Hunter and J.~Richard Stewart and Jane C.~Stutts
and Herman H.~Huang and Wayne E.~Pein},
title = {A Comparative Analysis of Bicycle Lanes versus Wide Curb
Lanes: Operational and Safety Findings and Countermeasure
Recommendations},
year = 1999,
month = OCT,
number = {FHWA-RD-99-035},
institution = {U.S.~Federal Highway Administration},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle segregation, pavement marking, streets},
url = {http://www.walkinginfo.org/pdf/r\&d/widelanes_counter.pdf},
status = {read},
annote = { Many, many good references! This is a really good read. }
}
@ARTICLE{Jab06,
author = {Yosef Rafeq Jabareen},
title = {Sustainable Urban Forms: Their Typologies, Models, and
Concepts},
year = 2006,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 26,
number = 1,
pages = {38--52},
doi = {10.1177/0739456X05285119},
keywords = {sustainability, urban form, new urbanism},
annote = {
Overall, a bit mixed in quality. I found the carefully delineated
distinction between smart growth, new urbanism and compact cities
to be useful, although a bit short. The eco-city remains a concept
I consider unworkable, and I found the evaluation of the different
concepts to be a bit ridiculous.
A good quote from Edwards (1996): ``architects have a
larger share of responsibility for the world's consumption of
fossil fuel and global warming gas production than any other
professional group.''
},
status = {read}
}
@BOOK{Jac61,
author = {Jane Jacobs},
title = {The Death and Life of Great American Cities},
year = 1961,
publisher = {Vintage},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
rating = 5,
keywords = {urban planning, equity, transport planning, general interest, sociology, streets, pedestrian planning, accessibility, urban design},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Jac61/index.html }
}
@BOOK{Jac70,
author = {Jane Jacobs},
title = {The Economy of Cities},
year = 1970,
publisher = {Vintage},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban economics},
status = {read}
}
@BOOK{Jac84,
author = {Jane Jacobs},
title = {Cities and the Wealth of Nations: Principles of Economic Life},
year = 1984,
publisher = {Vintage},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban economics, politics},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Jac84/index.html }
}
@BOOK{Jac00,
author = {Jane Jacobs},
title = {The Nature of Economies},
year = 2000,
publisher = {Random House},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {environmental economics, urban economics, ecology},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Jac00/index.html }
}
@INCOLLECTION{Jac95,
author = {Michael Jacobs},
title = {Sustainability and `the {M}arket': A Typology of Environmental
Economics},
year = 1995,
editor = {Robyn Eckersley},
booktitle = {Markets, the State and the Environment},
pages = {46--70},
publisher = {MacMillan},
address = {Melbourne, Australia},
annote = {
An interesting essay. Jacobs examines the schools within environmental
economics, with a fairly critical eye. He discusses five classes:
A. traditional (status quo); B. neoclassical I: financial incentives
(tradable quotas); C. neoclassical II: financial incentives (taxes,
etc.); D. neoclassical III: monetary valuation (cost/benefit analyses);
and E. property rights. He looks at how they address four
questions: 1. ethics of environmental objective setting (what level of
environmental protection should society choose?); 2. institutions
(how should this level be chosen?); 3. instruments (how should
this level be achieved?); 4. distribution (how shold costs/benefits
be distributed within society). He contrasts the environmental
economists with his own more political school, an
``environmental democracy'' based on sustainability principles.
Generally, he seems to be favourable to B and C, which study only
instruments; he sees these as tools compatible with environmental
democracy. He is less kind to D and E, which try to answer question
2; he argues that they are unlikely to achieve sustainability, due
to the market's inherent tendency to discount the future. He points
out many flaws in his own preference (a democratic institution to
make decisions), but prefers its basis in a public debate of ethics.
},
status = {read},
keywords = {environmental economics, economics, equity}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Jan04,
author = {Donald G.~Janelle},
title = {Impact of Information Technologies},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {The Geography of Urban Transportation},
editor = {Susan Hanson and Genevieve Giuliano},
edition = {3rd},
chapter = 4,
publisher = {Guildford Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
pages = {86--112},
quality = 4,
keywords = { telecommuting, transport planning, canada },
status = {read},
annote = {
This was a first good discussion of telecommuting that I've seen.
It went into more detail on the types of work where telecommuting
might be a reasonable substitute, the possible effects on urban
form and exurbanisation, and the context of the changing structure
of work in North America. I found his discussion of Coppack quite
itneresting, talking about competition for ``natural'' amenities at
the urban fringe, and the leapfrogging and outwards movement that
can result when rural/natural amenities are considered valuable.
His discussion of the growing role of nonroutine activities in the
workplace was also valuable in a telecommuting context. The
discussion of Mokhtarian (1991) was also good, reducing some of my
concerns regarding telecommuting; overall, it seems like it
produces some benefits, although the impacts aren't likely to be
enormous; distance is by no meanby no means dead yet.
}
}
@ARTICLE{JohHelJoh06,
author = {Maria V.~Johansson and Tobias Heldt and Per Johansson},
title = {The effects of attitudes and personality traits on mode
choice},
year = 2006,
month = JUL,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 40,
number = 6,
pages = {507--525},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6VG7-4HKCYS9-1-30&_cdi=6031&_user=994540&_orig=search&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F2006&_qd=1&_sk=999599993&view=c&_alid=474093644&_rdoc=1&wchp=dGLbVzz-zSkWW&md5=ab3c3086e8cb0b1d15ee4473d0bc4faf&ie=/sdarticle.pdf},
keywords = { mode choice, latent variables, travel behaviour, transport modelling},
status = {read},
annote = {
Very interesting. I've seen this latent variable approach used in
another recent paper, and it looks like a promising method for
improving on standard regression methods.
The idea that attitudes could be a useful way of inferring
propensity to choose a mode is a very valuable one.
}
}
@ARTICLE{JonDou03,
author = {Kenneth G.~Jones and Michael J.~Doucet},
title = {The big box, the flagship and beyond: impacts and trends in
the {G}reater {T}oronto {A}rea},
year = 2003,
journal = {Canadian Geographer},
volume = 45,
number = 4,
pages = {494--512},
status = {read},
keywords = { urban planning, toronto },
annote = {
Interesting, but frustrating from a travel perspective. The
analysis focuses mainly on retail format (large scale) rather than
transportation bias---i.e., auto-dependent stores. So, flagship
stores in the Eaton Centre are treated similarly to outer-suburban
big boxes, although they induce quite different travel behaviour.
Additionally, hard data on the impacts to small independent retail
is not presented.
Nonetheless, the description of the strategy and rationale for
large format stores is interesting, given their importance to
travel demand.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{Kat01,
author = {Rod Katz},
title = {Forecasting Bicycle Demand},
year = 2001,
institution = {Austroads Inc.},
address = {Sydney, Australia},
number = {AP-R194/01},
keywords = {transport modelling, bicycle planning},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.abc.dotars.gov.au/418_AP_R194_1.pdf},
annote = {
An everyday review of demand modelling. The section on ``maximal
share studies'' was interesting (Bro82, MorTho92). They also cited
a four-stage model including bicycles in Portland (RosLaw93) and
Edmonton (HunBro98).
}
}
@BOOK{Kay97,
author = {Jane Holtz Kay},
title = {Asphalt Nation},
year = 1997,
publisher = {University of California Press},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
keywords = {general interest, history, equity},
status = {read}
}
@INCOLLECTION{KeiGra98,
author = {Roger Keil and John Graham},
title = {Reasserting Nature: Constructing urban environments after
{F}ordism},
year = {1998},
booktitle = {Remaking Reality: Nature at the Amillenium},
editor = {B.~Braun and N.~Casttree},
publisher = {Routledge},
address = {London, UK},
status = {read},
annote = {
Some interesting criticisms of New (Sub)urbanism as a rebranding of
older modes of subdivision building, in the context of Vaughan.
I didn't read the article very closely, and I'm not sure what the
overall thrust is. My sense is that it builds on a quote from Lef91
to explore the urbanisation of the rural and the ruralisation of
the urban.
},
keywords = {geography, canada, urban planning, new urbanism }
}
@ARTICLE{KenMilShaMacCol05,
author = {Christopher A.~Kennedy and Eric J.~Miller and Amer S.~Shalaby and
Heather L.~Mac{L}ean and Jesse Coleman},
title = {The four pillars of sustainable urban transportation},
year = 2005,
journal = {Transport Reviews},
volume = 25,
number = 4,
pages = {393--414},
abstract = {
The unsustainable nature of current urban transportation and land
use is well recognized. What is less clear is the prescription
for how to move towards a more sustainable future, especially
given the many interest groups involved, the complexity of
urban systems and the fragmented nature of
decision-making in most urban regions. It is argued
that the process of achieving more sustainable
transportation requires suitable establishment of four
pillars: effective governance of land use and
transportation; fair, efficient, stable funding;
strategic infrastructure investments; and attention to
neighbourhood design. A review of each pillar identifies key
issues. The characteristics of an ideal body for governance of
land use and transportation are considered. Trade-offs are
identified with: spatial representation; organizational
structure; democracy; and market philosophy. Effective
financing and pricing of urban transportation may be distorted
because responsibility for infrastructure is separated from
service provision. Financing mechanisms are categorized
depending on vehicle use and location. Investment in
infrastructure for alternative fuel vehicles and intermediate
semi-rapid transit may be required in many cities. Major
investment in public transit infrastructure will likely not
suffice if macro land use and micro neighbourhood designs are
not supportive of these investments.
},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, governance, finance, transit, pedestrian planning},
annote = {
A useful read, covering a wide swath of topics, and including many
useful pointers to other papers within each topic. I found the
discussion of financing transportation particularly useful, mostly
because I haven't read much about that topic. Discussion of market
vs. non-market approaches, including P3s, was also valuable. I'm
glad to see discussion of neighbourhood design in the article, a
topic which is familiar and close to my heart.
}
}
@ARTICLE{KenLau99,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Felix B.~Laube},
title = {Patterns of automobile dependence in cities: an international
overview of key physical and economic dimensions with some implications
for urban policy},
year = 1999,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 33,
pages = {691--723},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link, urban form},
status = {read},
quality = 5,
annote = {
An excellent summary of the dataset collected in their 1999 book,
with useful analysis. It's presented in a much more neutral,
distanced light than some of their earlier work. The methodology
still undoubtedly has problems, such as the use of Metro Toronto
instead of the Greater Toronto Area for the city definition. That
introduces some massive bias into all references to Toronto, since
it excludes all of the sprawling suburbs, including Mississauga
(which now has a population over 600,000 and was already quite large in
1990).
While it might not suit their agenda, I would like to see
housing costs included in the analysis. There is a clear
relationship between density and greater competition for limited
land and housing, and any analysis of regional economic
competitiveness really has to take housing costs into account.
Newman and Kenworthy's core argument that land use influences
transport has a clear converse, but they seem to have chosen to
ignore it here.
}
}
@ARTICLE{KitMokLai97,
author = {Ryuichi Kitamura and Patricia L.~Mokhtarian and Laura Laidet},
title = {A Micro-Analysis of Land Use and Travel in Five Neighborhoods
in the {S}an {F}rancisco {B}ay {A}rea},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 24,
number = 2,
pages = {125--158},
status = {read},
keywords = {land use transport link, travel behaviour},
annote = {
An interesting foray into the ``self-selection'' debate, my first
reading there. I'm not yet convinced of the overall argument. Is it
really surprising that transit use is associated with a positive
attitude towards transit, and that that attitude can be used to
explain transit use well? That's just the ``rational actor''
theory---if you don't like it, you don't use it. It's a much more
direct measurement of your likelihood to use and be aware of the
positives/negatives of transit than land use is. The question is
about the direction of causation---does use of transit change your
attitude? Does living in a transit-supportive area change your
attitude? This paper doesn't yet get to the heart of the problem.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Kle07,
author = {Christopher Klemek},
title = {Placing {J}ane {J}acobs within the Transatlantic Urban
Conversation},
year = 2007,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 73,
number = 1,
pages = {49--67},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, history},
annote = {
An interesting slice of history regarding a writer who was an early
influence on my thinking. Mumford's relation to her is intriguing---
first encouraging her to publish, then writing a patronizing review,
but later coming around somewhat. Also intriguing: her Toronto
connections with Marshall McLuhan, Hans Blumenfeld.
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Kra02,
author = {Thomas Krag},
title = {Urban cycling in {D}enmark},
year = 2002,
chapter = 14,
pages = {223---236},
editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for
Urban Planners},
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html }
}
@INCOLLECTION{Kri05,
author = {Alex Krieger},
title = {The Costs---and Benefits?---of Sprawl},
year = 2005,
booktitle = {Sprawl and Suburbia: A {H}arvard {D}esign {M}agazine
Reader},
editor = {William S.~Saunders},
pages = {44--56},
chapter = 5,
publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
address = {Minneapolis, MN, USA},
status = {read},
keywords = {smart growth, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Kri03,
author = {Kevin J.~Krizek},
title = {Residential relocation and changes in urban travel: does
neighborhood-scale urban form matter?},
year = 2003,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 69,
number = 3,
pages = {265--281},
status = {read},
quality = 4,
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link, travel behaviour},
annote = {
An interesting study. He makes the useful note that a panel survey
where some people choose to move is not strictly a random sample;
there was some underlying reason why those people chose to move, so
you have a self-selected samples (p. 271). I don't fully buy his
assumption that movers were in equilibrium with neighbourhood prior
to moving; it's a major assumption, which he acknowledges and tests
towards the end of the paper. However, it's still a useful
experiment: even if the movers were trying to self-select, if the
move allows them to reduce/increase VMT, it suggests that urban
form is an enabler for desired travel behaviour, a necessary
condition for behaviour change.
All told, a very methodologically cautious paper, with some good
insights.
}
}
@ARTICLE{KriJoh06,
author = {Kevin J.~Krizek and Pamela J.~Johnson},
title = {Proximity to trails and retail: Effects on urban cycling and
walking},
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
year = 2006,
volume = 72,
number = 1,
pages = {33--42},
status = {read},
quality = 3,
annote = {
A fairly simple study, but with some important discussion and
results. Most importantly, they examined nonlinear reactions to
distance for cycling and walking. While this is not a surprising
result, and would probably emerge from a traditional multinomial
logit mode choice model (with linear disutility for distance), it
is still worth exploring. From a policy perspective, the nonlinear
relationship that emerges can be vital to designing walkable and
bikable neighbourhoods. After controlling for socioeconomic
characteristics, they found that only the presence of retail closer
than 200m was associated with higher odds of walking; the presence
of retail in the 200m-400m range had no significant impact on the
odds of walking. This contradicts the received wisdom that people
are willing to walk up to 400m (1/4 mile) for such trips. It also
suggests that urban intensification should be focused within a very
narrow range of retail establishments to be effective, similar to
the strategy of Toronto's Avenues plan or Vancouver's EcoDensity
initiative.
For cycling, they found that only the presence of a path within
400m of home was associated with higher odds of biking. Again, more
distant paths had no significant effect. This is also a lower limit
than the received wisdom, although not drastically so. I think
Vancouver's long-range bicycle plan aims for bike routes with a
spacing of 500m, although they're nowhere close to that yet. It
does suggest that there could be significant improvements in mode
share when the spacing improves from the current level (roughly
1000m) to 500m, which is a bit surprising; I'd sort of thought that
we'd see diminishing returns with the later routes, but this paper
suggests that routes that are too far away have no impact on most
people.
Finally, Krizek and Johnson mention one important note: the number
of vehicles/bicycles in a household is a potentially endogenous
variable, making it dangerous for use in a model. An interesting
note, and one that's rarely considered in the modelling literature.
},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning}
}
@ARTICLE{KriLev05,
author = {Kevin J.~Krizek and David M.~Levinson},
title = {Teaching Integrated Land Use-Transportation Planning: Topics,
Readings and Strategies},
year = 2005,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 24,
number = 3,
pages = {304--316},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning, urban form, urban planning},
status = {read},
annote = {
A very useful article regarding the land use-transport link. They
examined courses taught on the subject, and their syllabi. The key
books were MooTho94 and Dow92/Dow04, and Cer96b was a key article,
as was the debate between Ewi97 and GorRic97. Other publications
included Giu95, Cra98, and Lev99.
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{LanZha00,
author = {John D.~Landis and Ming Zhang},
title = {Using {GIS} to improve urban activity and forecasting models:
three examples},
editor = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and Michael Wegener},
booktitle = {Spatial Models and {GIS}: New Potential and New Models},
year = 2000,
publisher = {Taylor and Francis},
address = {London, UK},
pages = {63--81},
keywords = {geographic information systems, spatial modelling, transport modelling},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/FotWeg00/index.html }
}
@TECHREPORT{LawSun03,
author = {Maggie Law and Kaichi Sung},
title = {The {S}an {F}rancisco {M}uni Map Project},
year = 2003,
month = MAY,
institution = {University of California Berkeley School of Information
Management \& Systems},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
url = {http://groups.sims.berkeley.edu/MuniMap/deliverables/SF_Muni_Map_Final_Report.pdf},
keywords = {transit, computer science},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{leCBer03,
author = {Frank {le Clercq} and Luca Bertolini},
title = {Achieving sustainable accessibility: an evaluation of policy
measures in the {A}msterdam area},
journal = {Built Environment},
year = 2003,
volume = 29,
number = 1,
pages = {36--47},
status = {read},
url = {https://www.extenza-eps.com/extenza/loadPDF?objectIDValue=53949},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, parking, accessibility},
annote = {
Some interesting thoughts. 1) Their ``compact city'' policy seems to
have led to a polycentric region, with the edge regions (at the
boundary of the dense inner city and the car-oriented outer world)
developing into subcentres. Most of this is due to earlier policies
of motorway expansion and subcentre promotion. However, public
transport patronage has risen. 2) Public transport expansion
has been less effective than changes in urban form. Expansion to
new developments has not proven feasible, due to chicken-and-egg
issues. 3) The a,b,c location policy aimed to force employers with
large numbers of employees/visitors to take class A sites, defined
as having good public transport facilities running in several
directions, and with very strict parking place supply. Class B and
C sites have softer parking regimes and siting requirements. It's a
national policy. While it has been evaluated as a failure (mostly
due to application to only 15\% of all locations, since it only
applies to new developments), it is continuing.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{Lec02,
author = {Mauricio Leclerc},
title = {Bicycle Planning in the {C}ity of {P}ortland: Evaluation of
the city's {B}icycle {M}aster {P}lan and statistical analysis of
the relationship between the city's bicycle network and bicycle
commute},
year = 2002,
month = {Fall},
type = {Field Area Paper},
status = {read},
institution = {Portland State University},
address = {Portland, OR, USA},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://web.pdx.edu/~jdill/LeClerc.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Lee94,
author = {Douglas B.~Lee},
title = {Retrospective on Large-Scale Urban Models},
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 60,
number = 1,
pages = {35--40},
year = 1994,
annote = {
Some interesting (modern) comments on the problems in urban
modelling. The need for more scientific method is discussed, and
the need to contribute to theory as well as drawing from theory.
Critiques from Lee73: black box method (even modellers don't
understand internal workings of models); general purpose nature;
command-and-control assumption. For better science, models need:
transparency; replicability; and pragmatic evaluation. Travel
prices and parking prices should be explicit parts of models.
Comprehensive models have only limited value. Urban models compare
quite negatively with GIS development over the same period, which
suffered from similar shortcomings in the 70s (data and computation
constraints), but has flourished since.
},
keywords = {spatial modelling},
status = {read}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Les02,
author = {Nick Lester},
title = {On street parking regulation and enforcement in {L}ondon},
year = 2002,
booktitle = {{EPA} Urban parking Policy Guide: Statement for {COST 342}},
publisher = {European Co-operation in the Field of Scientific and
Technical Research (COST)},
address = {Cologne, Germany},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.europeanparking.eu/europeanparking/cms/Media/epa\%20policy\%20guide.pdf},
keywords = {parking}
}
@TECHREPORT{LevGar00,
author = {Jonathan Levine and Yaakov Garb},
title = {Evaluating the Promise and Hazards of Congestion Pricing
Proposals; An Access Centered Approach},
year = 2000,
institution = {Floersheimer Institute for Policy Studies},
address = {Jerusalem, Israel},
number = {2/11},
url = {http://vtpi.org/levgarb.pdf},
keywords = {congestion pricing, equity, accessibility},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{LevGar02,
author = {Jonathan Levine and Yaakov Garb},
title = {Congestion Pricing's Conditional Promise: Promotion of
Accessibility or Mobility?},
year = 2002,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 9,
number = 3,
pages = {179--188},
keywords = {congestion pricing, equity, accessibility},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.itdp.org/read/Levine\&Garb(2002).pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{LevIna04,
author = {Jonathan Levine and Aseem Inam},
title = {The market for transportation-land use integration: do
developers want smarter growth than regulations allow?},
year = 2004,
month = NOV,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 31,
number = 4,
pages = {409--427},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, land use transport link, equity, zoning},
abstract = {
Transportation and land use research of the past decade has focused
in large part on the question of whether manipulating land uses in
the direction of ``smart growth'' alternatives can reduce vehicle
miles traveled (VMT) or otherwise improve travel behavior. Yet the
notion of ``manipulating'' land uses implies that the alternative
is somehow self-organized or market-based. This view appears to
underestimate the extent to which current planning interventions in
the United States---largely focused on lowering development
densities, mandating ample road and parking designs, and separating
land uses---impose an auto-oriented template on most new
development. Rather than a market failure, the paucity of ``smart
growth'' alternatives may be a planning failure---the result of
municipal regulatory exclusion. This problem definition would shift
the burden of proof for policy reform, as uncertainty in
travel-behavior benefits would hardly justify the continuation of
exclusionary regulations. If municipal regulations in fact
constrain alternatives to low-density auto-oriented development,
one would expect developers to perceive unsatisfied market interest
in such development. This article studies, through a national
survey (676 respondents), US developers' perceptions of the market
for pedestrian- and transit-oriented development forms. Overall,
respondents perceive considerable market interest in alternative
development forms, but believe that there is inadequate supply of
such alternatives relative to market demand. Developer-respondents
attribute this gap between supply and demand principally to local
government regulation. When asked how the relaxation of these
regulations would affect their product, majorities of developers
indicated that such liberalization woud lead them to develop in a
denser and more mixed-use fashion, particularly in close-in
suburban locales. Results are interpreted in favor of land-policy
reform based on the expansion of choice in transportation and land
use. This view contrasts with a more prevalent approach which
conditions policy interventions on scientific evidence of
travel-behavior modification.
},
annote = {
An excellent article, rebutting the claims of many others in the
research community. The abstract is an excellent summary of the
points made in this article. References BoaCra01, EwiCer01, Cra99
and Dow92. The latter is quoted: ``[T]he belief that sprawl is
caused primarily by market failures is based on the false
assumption that there is a freely operating land use market in US
metropolitan areas. No metropolitan area has anything remotely
approaching a free land use market because of local regulations
adopted for parochial political, social and fiscal purposes.''
}
}
@ARTICLE{LevInaTor05,
author = {Jonathan Levine and Aseem Inam and Gwo-Wei Torng},
title = {A Choice-Based Rationale for Land Use and Transportation
Alternatives: Evidence from {B}oston and {A}tlanta},
year = 2005,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 24,
pages = {317--330},
doi = {10.1177/0739456X04267714},
keywords = {land use transport link, equity, travel behaviour, zoning},
quality = 5,
annote = {
Some great equity context, including the Tiebout hypothesis.
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Lil01,
author = {Einar Lillebye},
title = {The architectural significance of the street as a functional
and social arena},
year = 2001,
editor = {Colin Jefferson and Janet Rowe and Carlos Brebbia},
booktitle = {The Sustainable Street: The Environmental, Human and
Economic Aspects of Street Design and Management},
publisher = {Wessex Institute of Technology Press},
address = {Southampton, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {street design, streets, urban design, architecture, sustainability}
}
@ARTICLE{Lim97,
author = {Clark C.~Lim},
title = {The status of {T}ransportation {D}emand {M}anagement in {G}reater
{V}ancouver and Energy Implications},
year = 1997,
journal = {Energy Policy},
volume = 25,
number = {14--15},
pages = {1193--1202},
status = {read},
keywords = {transportation demand management, canada, energy}
}
@TECHREPORT{LitEnc,
author = {Todd A.~Litman},
title = {Online Transportation Demand Management Encylopedia},
year = 2005,
institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute},
address = {Victoria, BC, Canada},
url = {http://www.vtpi.org/tdm/index.php},
rating = 5,
status = {read},
keywords = {transportation demand management, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, transit, urban form, parking, urban economics, finance, prioritisation, accessibility }
}
@ARTICLE{Lit01,
author = {Todd A.~Litman},
title = {Generated Traffic and Induced Travel: Implications for
Transport Planning},
year = 2004,
journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal},
month = APR,
pages = {38--47},
volume = 71,
number = 4,
url = {http://www.vtpi.org/gentraf.pdf},
keywords = {transport planning, induced travel},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{Lit02,
author = {Todd A.~Litman},
title = {Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis: Techniques,
Estimates and Implications},
year = 2002,
institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute},
address = {Victoria, BC, Canada},
keywords = {transportation demand management, finance, environmental economics},
url = {http://www.vtpi.org/tca},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{Lit04,
author = {Todd A.~Litman},
title = {Pay-As-You-Drive Pricing for Insurance Affordability},
year = 2004,
month = MAY,
institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute},
address = {Victoria, BC, Canada},
keywords = {transportation demand management, equity, insurance},
url = {http://www.vtpi.org/payd_aff.pdf},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{Lit04b,
author = {Todd A.~Litman},
title = {Parking Requirements Impacts on Housing Affordability},
year = 2004,
month = JUN,
institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute},
address = {Victoria, BC, Canada},
keywords = {parking, urban planning, transportation demand management, equity},
url = {http://vtpi.org/park-hou.pdf},
status = {read},
annote = {
A very interesting read. Litman raises a number of issues
associated with housing that I hadn't considered---my first
reaction is to question Vancouver's downtown development patterns.
Are parking requirements responsible for the tower fad, by making
townhouse and four-story apartment development uneconomic for
developers? On interesting bit of trivia: curb cuts reduce
onstreet parking capacity. His parking management solutions
are quite valuable and innovative ideas, and the studies he cites
in Victoria and Mississauga are useful; I should follow up on all
of his references. Of the management solutions, the two ideas I
found novel were: shared parking, where apartments and businesses
share spaces due to opposite peak demand times - very practical for
residential downtowns; transportation management associations, where a
neighbourhood organisation is formed to trade parking in a
neighbourhood.
I was initially convinced by his
arguments about reducing developer incentive to create low-income
housing, but I'm now a little skeptical; figure 12, in particular,
says to me that in a scenario where 0 parking spaces are required,
developers will have a huge incentive to produce high income
housing, since the relative profit difference will be so much
greater. Of course, this ignores the entire demand side of the
equation. Overall, I think more analysis is needed to determine the
real effect on developers.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{Lit04c,
author = {Todd A.~Litman},
title = {Comprehensive Evaluation of Rail Transit Benefits},
year = 2004,
institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute},
address = {Victoria, BC, Canada},
keywords = {transport planning, transit, rail},
url = {http://www.vtpi.org/railben.pdf},
annote = {
Some interesting analysis. It's primarily a critique of another
paper, ``Great Rail Disasters'' by Randal O'Toole, which I'm not
familiar with; apparently, the paper condemns rail transit as cost
ineffective, but its analysis is fundamentally flawed. In the end,
the flaws boil down to two differences: 1) O'Toole values mobility
more than accessibility; and 2) he's quite ready to distort
statistics to make an argument.
Probably the most interesting part of his analysis is Figure 13,
showing that ``in Bus Only and Small Rail cities, traffic
congestion costs tend to increase with city size [...] but Large
Rail cities do not follow this pattern. They have substantially
lower congestion costs than comparable size cities. As a result,
New York and Chicago have about half the per capita congestion
delay as Los Angeles.''
Tables 6 and 7 is also very interesting, showing the total subsidy
to bus and rail systems, and a lower bound on the total benefits
from each.
Litman's notes comparing bus rapid transit and rail are interesting,
particularly his statistic showing that people are more willing to
stand on rail systems, allowing more passengers per vehicle. His
notes that rail does not subtract from bus systems are also
interesting, showing that cities with large and small rail tend to
spend more per-capita on transit, and hence that rail does not
necessarily reduce bus system performance. (Although I'm sure there
are cases where that happens!)
I still have some questions about one part of his analysis: his
argument proceeds by defining ``large rail'' cities as those with
transit mode share of 20\%+ with rail making up more than half of
the transit trips. He then argues that these cities have lower
vehicle-miles, higher transit trips, etc., typically due to the land
use impacts of the rail systems. However, there are elements of a
circular argument here: it's possible that the causation runs in
the other direction, and land uses cause higher transit mode share,
and hence shift certain cities into the large rail category.
(Personally, I don't believe that's the case---I think that rail
does cause denser land use. But the argument may need to be
rephrased to make this unambiguous.) I need to think about this
more before I can be certain that there actually is a flaw in his
reasoning, though. Regardless, I don't think it's a big flaw---it's
a difficult subject to tackle perfectly, and his analysis is
generally quite sound.
Litman includes a reference to the spreadsheet containing his
calculations! This could be quite useful for learning how this
analysis is done.
},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{LitBlaDemEddFriLaiMadFor02,
author = {Todd A.~Litman and Robin Blair and Bill Demopoulos and Nils
Eddy and Anne Fritzel and Danelle Laidlaw and Heath Maddox and
Katherine Forster},
title = {Pedestrian and Bicycle Planning: A Guide to Best Practices},
year = 2002,
institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute},
address = {Victoria, BC, Canada},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning},
url = {http://www.vtpi.org/nmtguide.doc},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{LiuGua05,
author = {Rongfang (Rachel) Liu and Chang-Qian Guan},
title = {Mode Biases of Urban Transportation Policies in {C}hina and
their Implications},
year = 2005,
month = JUN,
journal = {Journal of Urban Planning and Development},
volume = 131,
number = 2,
pages = {58--70},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transit, transport modelling},
status = {read},
rating = 3,
annote = {
An interesting article, particularly since I haven't read much on
China before. They describe bike mode share of 40--60\%, which is
quite incredible! Car trips belong in the "other" category, and
other makes up less than 14\% of trips. However, it's on the rise:
they show Beijing rising from 6\% in 1986 to 27\% in 2000 (for
"other"). They complain about patronizing Western attitudes towards
bicycles, but do a little of the same themselves. However, they
close with an appeal for China to emulate the Dutch.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Liv04,
author = {Ken Livingstone},
title = {The Challenge of Driving Through Change: Introducing
Congestion Charging in Central {L}ondon},
year = 2004,
month = DEC,
journal = {Planning Theory \& Practice},
volume = 5,
number = 4,
pages = {490--498},
keywords = {congestion pricing, urban politics},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{LouBan96,
author = {Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris and Tridib Banerjee},
title = {There's no There there: or why neighborhoods don't readily
develop around light rail stations},
year = 1996,
month = {Fall},
journal = {Access Magazine},
volume = 9,
pages = {2--6},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, transit-oriented development},
annote = {
A short but interesting look at the failures around the Blue Line
in Los Angeles. When transportation planners choose a transit
alignment through an industrial/abandoned area with cheap land, I
think the ridership estimates need to be informed by the miserable
urban realm around transit stations... but I imagine they
completely ignore such micro features.
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Luk00,
author = {Timothy W.~Luke},
title = {A rough road out of {R}io: The right-wing reaction in the
{U}nited {S}tates against global environmentalism},
year = 2000,
booktitle = {Consuming Cities: The Urban Environment in the Global
Economy after the {R}io Declaration},
editor = {N.~Low and B.~Gleeson and I.~Elander and R.~Lidskog},
publisher = {Routledge},
address = {London, UK},
pages = {54--69},
status = {read},
keywords = {sustainability},
annote = {
A good source for some classic quotes on American environmental
policy, including ``The American life-style is not up for
negotiation'' and ``Earth Day? It should actually be called
Anti-Human Day'' (the latter is from the Ayn Rand Institute).
I appreciated the connection drawn between globalisation and
environmentalism, particularly as the agenda of two élites with
substantial negative impacts on the regular population.
},
url = {http://www.cddc.vt.edu/tim/tims/Tim599.htm}
}
@ARTICLE{Lun03,
author = {Hollie Lund},
title = {Testing the Claims of {N}ew {U}rbanism: Local Access,
Pedestrian Travel, and Neighboring Behaviors},
year = 2003,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 69,
number = 4,
pages = {414--429},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, pedestrian planning, new urbanism}
}
@INCOLLECTION{McC02b,
author = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
title = {The mainstreaming of cycle policy},
year = 2002,
chapter = 1,
pages = {1--16},
editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for
Urban Planners},
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transit, transport planning},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html }
}
@INCOLLECTION{McC02c,
author = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
title = {The development of {UK} cycling policy},
year = 2002,
chapter = 2,
pages = {17--35},
editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for
Urban Planners},
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html }
}
@INCOLLECTION{McC02d,
author = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
title = {Promoting cycling through `soft' (non-infrastructural)
measures},
year = 2002,
chapter = 3,
pages = {36--49},
editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for
Urban Planners},
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html }
}
@INCOLLECTION{McC02e,
author = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
title = {Nottingham},
year = 2002,
chapter = 11,
pages = {171--191},
editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for
Urban Planners},
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html }
}
@MASTERSTHESIS{McM04,
author = {Sarah Mc{M}illan},
title = {Toward a {L}ivable {R}egion? {A}n Evaluation of Business Parks
in {G}reater {V}ancouver},
year = 2004,
school = {University of British Columbia, School of Community and
Regional Planning},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.urbanstudio.sala.ubc.ca/2005/3_resources/Toward_A_Livable_Region_SMcMillan.pdf},
keywords = { canada, firm behaviour, location choice, urban planning }
}
@INCOLLECTION{Mam02,
author = {Marcello Mamoli},
title = {Padua: a decade to become a cycle city},
year = 2002,
chapter = 16,
pages = {251--262},
editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for
Urban Planners},
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
annote = { Nothing exceptional in this chapter. }
}
@ARTICLE{ManSho04,
author = {Michael Manville and Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {People, Parking and Cities},
year = 2004,
journal = {Access Magazine},
volume = 25,
pages = {20--26},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, parking},
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/access.pl?25/Access\%2025\%20-\%2002\%20-\%20People,\%20Parking,\%20and\%20Cities.pdf},
annote = {
A fascinating study of Los Angeles versus New York and San Francisco.
When the entire urban agglomeration is taken into account, L.A. is
actually denser than New York or San Francisco, since its suburbs are
relatively dense. The article explains discusses how downtown
parking in L.A. is profoundly different from the other two, and how
it hurts the city.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Mar06,
author = {Greg R.~Marsden},
title = {The Evidence Base for Parking Policies---A Review},
year = 2006,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 13,
number = 6,
pages = {447--457},
status = {read},
keywords = {parking},
url = {http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/archive/00002023/02/ITS15_The_evidence_base_for_parking_policies_UPLOADABLE.pdf}
}
@BOOK{Mar05,
author = {Stephen Marshall},
title = {Streets \& Patterns: The Structure of Urban Geometry},
year = 2005,
publisher = {Spon Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
quality = 5,
status = {read},
keywords = {streets, urban planning, urban form, transport planning, street design, urban design}
}
@ARTICLE{MarGuy99,
author = {Simon J.~Marvin and S.~Guy},
title = {Towards a new logic of transport planning?},
year = 1999,
journal = {Town Planning Review},
volume = 70,
number = 2,
pages = {139--158},
status = {read},
annote = {
An interesting article on the crisis in transport planning,
with some details of new ways of thinking emerging.
``Central to this rethinking is the wider shift away from `predict
and provide' planning towards demand-management which is slowly
emerging across various infrastructure sectors. The common thread
linking these diverse services is the attempts by network operators
to work with users to reduce demand on the most stressed parts of
the network through the introduction of traffic calming and
pedestrianisation measures; advanced information technology-based
systems to get the msot out of the existing infrastructure; road
pricing; and a reduction in the building of new roads.'' Their
article is followed by comment from David Banister, Michael
Breheny, and Bert van Wee, and closes with comments from the
authors. },
keywords = {transport planning, transportation demand management}
}
@INCOLLECTION{MatMikSan00,
author = {Hel{\`e}ne Mathian and Boguslaw Mikula and Lena Sanders},
title = {Modelling the Dynamics of Spatial Systems within a {GIS}:
Problems and Perspectives},
editor = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and Michael Wegener},
booktitle = {Spatial Models and {GIS}: New Potential and New Models},
year = 2000,
publisher = {Taylor and Francis},
address = {London, UK},
pages = {203--221},
keywords = {geographic information systems, spatial modelling},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/FotWeg00/index.html }
}
@BOOK{MeyMil01,
author = {Michael D.~Meyer and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Urban Transportation Planning: A Decision-Oriented Approach},
edition = {2nd},
year = 2001,
publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling, land use transport link},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/MeyMil01 }
}
@INCOLLECTION{Mil00,
author = {Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Transportation and Communication},
editor = {Trudi Bunting and Pierre Filion},
booktitle = {{C}anadian Cities in Transition: The Twenty-First Century},
edition = {2nd},
year = 2000,
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
keywords = {canada, urban planning, transport planning},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{Mil01,
author = {Eric J.~Miller},
title = {The {G}reater {T}oronto {A}rea Travel Demand Modelling System
Version 2.0},
volume = {I: Model Overview},
year = 2001,
institution = {Joint Program in Transportation, University of Toronto},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {transport modelling, canada},
status = {read},
annote = {
A clear overview of the classic four-stage transport model, with
applications to Toronto, including more emphasis on multi-modal
trips etc.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Mil02,
author = {Eric Miller},
title = {An Interview with {D}avid {G}unn},
journal = {Rail Travel News},
volume = 31,
number = 10,
year = 2002,
month = OCT,
pages = {14--15},
keywords = {general interest, transit, rail}
}
@UNPUBLISHED{Mil03,
author = {Eric J.~Miller},
title = {{ILUTE}: Historical Evolution, Current Status, Future
Prospects},
year = 2003,
note = {Presentation available online},
url = {http://www.civ.utoronto.ca/sect/traeng/ilute/downloads/friday_seminars/miller_seminar-apr-25-03.pdf},
keywords = {ilute, transport modelling},
status = {read},
annote = {
A good overview of the current status of the ILUTE project.
}
}
@ARTICLE{MilHunAbrSal04,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and John Douglas Hunt and John Edward Abraham and
Paul A.~Salvini},
title = {Microsimulating Urban Systems},
year = 2004,
month = JAN,
journal = {Computers, Environment and Urban Systems},
volume = 28,
number = 1,
pages = {9--44},
abstract = {
This paper presents a status report concerning on-going research
and development work by a team of Canadian researchers to
develop a microsimulation, agent-based, integrated model of
urban land use and transportation. It describes in some detail
the overall design and current status of the ILUTE (Integrated
Land Use, Transportation, Environment) modelling system
under development. The overall purpose of ILUTE is to simulate
the evolution of an entire urban region over an extended period
of time. Such a model is intended to replace conventional,
aggregate, static models for the analysis of a broad range of
transportation, housing and other urban policies. Agents being
simulated in the model include individuals, households and
establishments. The model operates on a ``100\% sample'' (i.e.,
the entire population) of agents which, in the base
case, are synthesized from more aggregate data such as census
tables and which are then evolved over time by the model. A
range of modelling methods are employed within the modelling
system to represent individual agents' behaviours, including
simple state transition models, random utility choice models,
rule-based ``computational process'' models, and hybrids of these
approaches. A major emphasis within ILUTE is the development of
microsimulation models of market demand-supply interactions,
particularly within the residential and commercial real estate
markets. In addition, travel demand is modelled explicitly as
the outcome of a combination of household and individual
decisions concerning the participation in out-of-home
activities over the course of a day. Spatial entities in the
model include buildings, residential dwelling units and
commercial floorspace, as well as aggregate ``spatial
containers'' such as traffic zones, census tracts or grid cells.
},
annote = {
Good references: ConLaw02, VelKapTim00, VosPetDon02.
Their discussion of spatial representation is interesting, and
echos (somewhat) my own thoughts on the subject. They have two
sections: one on residential representation and one on
representations for firms. I'm curious to see
how far they've come in the last few months.
They discuss real estate markets, with zonal average prices. Offers
can have individual prices, though, overriding zonal averages. It
seems that this idea would mesh better with building-based spatial
representation---grid based representation makes it hard to store
data like ``sale price'' or compute zonal averages.
I'm a bit baffled by their commercial development model. The
grid-based approach they used seems to be based on cellular
automata, using logit models for state transitions. But they don't
consider adjacency information, which seems like it would be
essential for firms---who wants floorspace divided into a random
patchwork? Can you really just rearrange floorspace as needed?
Their closing paragraphs are encouraging: they really don't want
zones, anywhere.
},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, spatial modelling},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{MilKriHun98,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and David S.~Kriger and John Douglas Hunt},
title = {Integrated urban models for simulation of transit and land use
policies: guidelines for implementation and use},
type = {Report},
number = 48,
institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation
Research Board},
year = 1998,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, transit, land use transport link},
status = {read},
url = {http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_48.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{MilKriHun98b,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and David S.~Kriger and John Douglas Hunt},
title = {Integrated urban models for simulation of transit and land use
policies},
year = 1998,
type = {Web Document},
number = 9,
institution = {Transportation Cooperative Research Program,
Transportation Research Board},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
url = {http://faculty.washington.edu/pwaddell/Models/Tcrp-rep.pdf},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, transit, land use transport link},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/MilKriHun98b/index.html }
}
@ARTICLE{MilSha03,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Amer S.~Shalaby},
title = {Evolution of Person Travel in the {T}oronto {A}rea and Policy
Implications},
year = 2003,
month = MAR,
journal = {ASCE Journal of Urban Planning and Development},
volume = 129,
number = 1,
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, canada, transit, urban form},
abstract = {
This paper presents a descriptive analysis of the historical evolution
of personal travel behavior in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) over
the past 35 years. The analysis indicates that in many respects the
GTA taken as a whole is similar to other cities within North
America in terms of increasing auto ownership; increasing
individual auto-drive trip rates; increasing suburbanization of
population and employment into areas poorly served by transit;
increasingly complex travel patterns; and transit, at best, maintaining
a constant number of trips per capita but losing modal share. The
analysis also highlights ways in which the GTA, particularly the
city of Toronto, deviates from the North American ``norm.'' These
include transit per capita ridership, overall mode splits,
revenue-cost operating ratios are still extremely high by
North American standards; the regional commuter rail
system has been very successful in attracting
increasing numbers of commuters from outside Toronto
into the Toronto central area; the continuing strength
of the Toronto central area has provided a strong,
viable transit service; and more generally, the relatively
high density and transit orientation of development
throughout the city of Toronto is highly supportive of
transit.
},
annote = {
Some very useful background on the transportation context of
Toronto. While I grew up in that city, I actually knew fairly
little about the evolution of its transportation system, so this
was quite useful to me. Not very revolutionary in content (it's
just a basic historical review), but worthwhile; a few good
references (Mee02, Shi97, PucLef96, WriLov02).
},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{MilSob03,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Richard M.~Soberman},
title = {Travel Demand and Urban Form},
year = 2003,
institution = {Neptis Foundation},
type = {Issue Paper},
number = 9,
url = { http://www.neptis.org/library/cf_download.cfm?file=travel_demand_nip9.pdf\&path=\\ },
keywords = {transport planning, canada, urban planning, transit, land use transport link, urban form},
status = {read},
annote = {
A good report, with a realistic and progressive vision for the
future. I found the maps comparing Toronto, Square One and Pearson
trip ends extremely interesting (figures II.7 - II.9).
}
}
@BOOK{Mil02b,
author = {J.B.~Miller},
title = {Case Studies in Infrastructure Delivery},
year = 2002,
address = {Boston, MA, USA},
publisher = {Kluwer},
keywords = {finance}
}
@BOOK{MilHam89,
author = {Edwin S.~Mills and Bruce W.~Hamilton},
title = {Urban Economics},
edition = {4th},
year = 1989,
publisher = {Harper Collins},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban economics},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/MilHam89/index.html }
}
@ARTICLE{MinRavSal04,
author = {Orit Mindali and Adi Raveh and Ilan Salomon},
title = {Urban Density and Energy Consumption: A New Look at Old
Statistics},
year = 2004,
month = FEB,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 38,
number = 2,
status = {read},
pages = {143--162},
keywords = {urban form, land use transport link, energy},
annote = {
They looked at the NewKen89 data using a different statistical
technique, and claimed to find poor statistical support for the
density correlation to energy use, at least for North American and
Australian cities. European cities showed a significant relation to
inner city and CBD density. I remain skeptical overall, though. I
need to read more about their statistical methods before making any
conclusions, though.
}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{MoeSchWeg02,
author = {Rolf Moeckel and Carsten Sch{\"u}rmann and Michael Wegener},
title = {Microsimulation of Urban Land Use},
year = 2002,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Congress of the European Regional
Science Association},
publisher = {European Regional Science Assocation},
address = {Dortmund, Germany},
url = {http://www.raumplanung.uni-dortmund.de/rwp/ersa2002/cd-rom/papers/261.pdf},
abstract = {
The project ILUMASS (Integrated Land-Use Modelling and
Transportation System Simulation) aims at embedding a
microscopic dynamic simulation model of urban traffic flows
into a comprehensive model system incorporating both changes of
land use and the resulting changes in transport demand.
The land-use component of ILUMASS will be based on the land-use
parts of an existing urban simulation model, but is to be
microscopic like the transport parts of ILUMASS.
Microsimulation modules will include models of demographic
development, household formation, firm lifecycles, residential
and non-residential construction, labour mobility on the
regional labour market and household mobility on the regional
housing market. These modules will be closely linked with the
models of daily activity patterns and travel and goods
movements modelled in the transport parts of ILUMASS developed
by other partners of the project team. The design of the land
use model takes into account that the collection of individual
micro data (i.e. data which because of their micro location can
be associated with individual buildings or small groups
of buildings) or the retrieval of individual micro data
from administrative registers for planning purposes is neither
possible nor, for privacy reasons, desirable. The land use
model therefore works with synthetic micro data which can be
retrieved from generally accessible public data.
ILUMASS is a group project of institutes of the universities of
Aachen, Bamberg, Dortmund, Cologne and Wuppertal under the
co-ordination of the Transport Research Institute of the German
Aerospace Centre (DLR). Study region for tests and first
applications of the model is the urban region of Dortmund. The
common database will be compiled in co-operation with the City
of Dortmund. After its completion the integrated model is to be
used for assessing the impacts of potential transport and land
use policies for the new land use plan of the city.
The paper will focus on the land-use parts of the ILUMASS
model. It will present the underlying behavioural theories and
how they are made operational in the model design, explain how
the synthetic population is generated, show first model results
and demonstrate the potential usefulness of the model for the
planning process.
},
status = {read},
annote = {
Interesting. They've adapted the IRPUD land use project for a new
integrated model. They do some major rasters (200 000 cells) for
some of their lookups, although they're also interested in
environmental indicators as well as transport results. They don't
operate on a parcel-level due to local privacy legislation; instead
they work on a zonal level, combined with a density plot of unknown
detail.
},
keywords = {transport modelling, spatial modelling, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{MohMil02b,
author = {Abolfazl Mohammadian and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Estimating the Expected Price of Vehicles in a Transportation
Microsimulation Modeling System},
year = 2002,
month = NOV,
journal = {Journal of Transportation},
volume = 128,
number = 6,
pages = {537--541},
keywords = {activity-based modelling, ilute, travel behaviour, vehicle ownership},
status = {read},
abstract = {
Microsimulation modeling is an emerging approach to activity-based
travel forecasting. Household automobile-ownership models are
being included in microsimulation travel-demand models more.
Implicitly, vehicle price is an important attribute of vehicles
in all automobile-ownership models. In order to update prices
at each point of time within the simulation, a modeling tool is
required to estimate the price of each vehicle at any time.
This paper develops a hedonic price model to estimate the
expected price of vehicles to be used in a comprehensive
urban-transportation modeling system. In this study, the use of
a linear hedonic price model was investigated in terms of its
application to the market price of automobiles.
},
annote = {
Seems pretty reasonable. It's a little surprising that fuel
economy makes a car less attractive, but I suppose that's typical
of the 1990s vehicle market. Perhaps a repeat of the study today
would show different results. (The price of gas was not a study
variable, and didn't vary much over the period when the data was
collected anyways.)
}
}
@ARTICLE{MohMil03,
author = {Abolfazl Mohammadian and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Dynamic Modeling of Household Automobile Transactions},
year = 2003,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1831,
pages = {98--105},
url = {http://transportation.northwestern.edu/seminars/03-04/mohammadian112003/MohammadianDynamicAutoTransactions.pdf},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{MohMil03b,
author = {Abolfazl Mohammadian and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {An Empirical Investigation of Household Vehicle Type
Decisions},
year = 2003,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1854,
pages = {99--106},
url = {http://transportation.northwestern.edu/seminars/03-04/mohammadian112003/MohamadianVehicleTypeChoice.pdf},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute},
status = {read},
annote = {
Not very useful for my purposes, although I'm sure anyone interested in
emissions analysis might appreciate it. It's curious that gasoline
prices aren't considered a relevant variable.
}
}
@BOOK{Mon07,
author = {George Monbiot},
title = {Heat: How to Stop the Planet from Burning},
year = 2007,
publisher = {South End Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
status = {read},
rating = 5,
keywords = {greenhouse gases, energy, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{MooTho94,
author = {Terry Moore and Paul Thorsnes},
title = {The Transportation/Land Use Connection},
year = 1994,
month = JAN,
institution = {American Planning Association},
address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
edition = {1st},
number = {448/449},
keywords = {urban economics, transport planning, urban planning, congestion pricing, transportation demand management, transit, land use transport link, zoning },
rating = 5,
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/MooTho94/index.html }
}
@ARTICLE{MouLeeCheColJohSchWea05,
author = {Anne V.~Moudon and Chanam Lee and Allen D.~Cheadle and
Cheza W.~Collier and Donna Johnson and Thomas L.~Schmid and
Robert D.~Weather},
title = { Cycling and the Built Environment, a {US} perspective},
year = 2005,
month = MAY,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 10,
number = 3,
status = {read},
pages = {245--261},
abstract = {
This disaggregate cross-sectional study uses primary data on the
cycling behavior of 608 randomly sampled respondents in urbanized King
County, Washington, and objective parcel-level GIS measures of land use
and infrastructure conditions. Binary logit model findings provide new
insights on who bicycles, and on perceived and actual built
environmental conditions associated with the likelihood of cycling in
neighborhoods, controlling for socio-demographic variables. A high
21\% of the respondents report cycling at least once a week in their
neighborhood, more often for recreation or exercise than for
transportation. Cycling is more popular among male, younger adults,
transit users, and those who are physically active and in good health.
Both perceived and objective environmental conditions contribute to the
likelihood of cycling. Proximity to trails and the presence of
agglomerations of offices, clinics/hospitals, and fast food
restaurants, measured objectively, are significant environmental
variables. Previously researched correlates of cycling, such as the
presence of bicycle lanes, traffic speed and volume, slope, block size,
and the presence of parks, are found insignificant when objectively
measured. A non-linear relationship is found between the odds of
cycling and the perception of traffic problems and automobile-oriented
facilities. Overall, cycling is only moderately associated with the
neighborhood environment. It appears to be an individual choice that is
independent from environmental support. This finding likely reflects
the limited bicycle infrastructure in the sample frame---an
unfortunate condition found in most US metropolitan regions. Policy and
intervention programs could increase cycling by improving both actual
and perceived environmental conditions.
},
annote = {
The study is severely limited by its sampling frame
and by casting its net too broadly. If it had focused only on work
trips or shopping trips, the results would probably be more
meaningful. Of course, given the survey method and the miniscule
mode share of cycling, this would be extremely expensive.
},
keywords = {bicycle planning, urban form}
}
@INCOLLECTION{MouUnt87,
author = {Anne V.~Moudon and Richard K.~Untermann},
title = {Grids Revisited},
year = 1987,
editor = {Anne V.~Moudon},
booktitle = {Public Streets for Public Use},
chapter = 9,
pages = {132--148},
publisher = {Van Nonstrand Reinhold},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
status = {read},
keywords = {streets, urban planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Mul86,
author = {Peter O.~Muller},
title = {Transportation and Urban Form: Stages in the Spatial Evolution
of the {A}merican Metropolis},
year = 1986,
booktitle = {The Geography of Urban Transportation},
editor = {Susan Hanson},
edition = {1st},
chapter = 2,
publisher = {Guildford Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
pages = {26--52},
status = {read},
keywords = { urban form, land use transport link, history },
annote = {
An interesting take on a classic topic. (See also: MooTho94,
NewKen96, etc.) I found the discussion of class interesting:
dispersed development (initially in the form of streetcar suburbs,
later in the form of auto suburbs) allowed the middle-class to
achieve something that had previously been reserved for the
upper-class: income segregation. Prohibition was part of this
process: dry districts were partly intended to keep out the working
classes. Streetcars also opened up enough space to allow the
formation of ethnic neighbourhoods for the first time, which is
certainly evident in a city like Toronto. The period from 1920--1930
was the ``point im time, many geographers and planners would agree,
that intrametropolitan transportation achieved its greatest level
of efficiency---the burgeoning city truly `worked.' '' Muller cites
some great studies: Bae78 shows the evolution of land uses along a
Minneapolis freeway corridor from 1953--1976 as a new `downtown'
emerged along the freeway.
}
}
@BOOK{Mum61,
author = {Lewis Mumford},
title = {The City in History: Its origins, its transformations and its
prospects},
year = 1961,
publisher = {Harcourt, Brace},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
status = {read},
keywords = {history, urban planning, urban design, urban politics}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Nas04,
author = {Andrew Nash},
title = {Traffic Calming in Three {E}uropean Cities: Recent
Experience},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 84th meeting of the Transportation
Research Board},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb/trb2004/TRB2004-001101.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, parking, urban planning, traffic calming},
status = {read},
annote = {
An interesting look at Munich, Vienna and Zurich. Their approaches
to funding are similar to Vancouver's, but they've done some very
innovative projects, including narrowing arterials while
maintaining capacity, and extensive parking management plans.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{NeuStrKra00,
author = {Ren{\'e} Neuenschwander and Silvia Strub and David Kramer},
title = {Swiss Overview (COST 342: Parking Policy Measures and Their
Effects on Mobility and the Environment)},
year = 2000,
month = OCT,
institution = {European Co-operation in the Field of Scientific and
Technical Research (COST)},
number = {COST 342/18/CH},
address = {Bern, Switzerland},
status = {read},
keywords = {parking},
annote = {
Some interesting notes on the Swiss context. They've had the same
difficulties as elesewhere---conflicts between state and city,
business groups and environmental. The total number of spaces seems
to be impossible to reduce, although the relative number can change
slowly. One city tried to force shopping centres to charge for all
parking, but backed down in the end.
},
url = {ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/cost-transport/docs/342-19-ch.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{NeuStrKra01,
author = {Ren{\'e} Neuenschwander and Silvia Strub and David Kramer},
title = {Swiss Case Studies (COST 342: Parking Policy Measures and Their
Effects on Mobility and the Environment)},
year = 2001,
month = MAY,
institution = {European Co-operation in the Field of Scientific and
Technical Research (COST)},
number = {COST 342/18/CH},
address = {Bern, Switzerland},
status = {read},
keywords = {parking},
url = {ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/cost-transport/docs/342-18-ch.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Neu05,
author = {Michael Neuman},
title = {The Compact City Fallacy},
year = 2005,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 25,
number = 1,
pages = {11--26},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban form, energy},
annote = {
An interesting, clearly and calmly written article, but not
entirely convincing in its central argument. I liked the discussion
and dissection of sustainability themes (something I haven't read
too much about), but I find the condemnation of compact cities and
New Urbanism a little premature. Neuman's criticisms are largely
legitimate---particularly with regard to the actual New Urbanist
developments on the ground---and I am quite sympathetic to the goal
of organic city processes, but I think urban form (and density in
particular) remains a key component of any future sustainable
city: a necessary condition, but not sufficient.
}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKen89b,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Gasoline Consumption and Cities: A Comparison of {U.S.}~Cities
with a Global Survey},
year = 1989,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 55,
number = 1,
pages = {24--37},
status = {read},
keywords = { transport planning, urban planning, canada, energy, land use transport link, urban form, transit },
rating = 4,
annote = {
This was the first I read by these authors; this article and their
1989 book are classic texts in the field.
It's an ambitious and impressive effort, although I doubt that
anyone will ever completely believe either their data or their
results. Nevertheless, the data collection effort is laudable,
especially when they include information on parking and relative
speeds. Since reading this, I've improved my stats quite a bit, and
I'd like to revisit it (or their 1999 followup) and see if I buy
their results and conclusions. I'd also like to look into the
econometric models they criticised.
One choice quote: ``Toronto has a much stronger transit system
(50?? vehicle miles of service per capita) than do U.S. or
Australian cities, a feature with its dense land use; its provision
for automobiles is also much less than that in U.S. and Australian
cities. The diversity of its transit systems, which include
commuter rail, subway, modern trams on-street and new LRT on
separated tracks, electric trolleys, and diesel buses (as well as
comprehensive cycle ways), provides a powerful comparison to nearby
Detroit, which has an almost complete commitment to the automobile.
The per capita gasoline consmuption in Detroit is double that in
Toronto; transit use is 0.8 percent of total passenger miles in
Detroit, compared with 16.7 percent in Toronto. However, the
difference in gasoline consumption in Detroit and Toronto cannot be
explained simply by the difference in transit use. For example, if
all of Toronto's transit users transferred to car the per capita
use of gasoline would increase by 53 gallons, making Toronto's
usage still 184 gallons per capita lower than that of Detroit. The
Toronto transit system is part of an overall more energy-efficient
city, despite Toronto having lower gasoline prices in 1980 and less
fuel-efficient vehicles than the U.S. Indeed, Toronto is one of the
few cities in the world with well-developed policies for
transportation energy conservation based on land use strategies.''
}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKen96,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {The land use-transportation connection: an overview},
year = 1996,
month = JAN,
journal = {Land Use Policy},
volume = 13,
number = 1,
pages = {1--22},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, canada, land use transport link, urban form},
abstract = {
There is a growing international movement, ``The New Urbanism'',
which seeks to reconnect transport with land use and in particular
to establish transit-oriented development where higher-density,
mixed-use areas built around high-quality transit systems provide a
focused urban structure that can help to loosen the grasp of
automobile dependence. There are many case studies around the
world of cities which demonstrate this process of reconnecting
land use and transport. The cases of Singapore, Hong Kong,
Zurich (Switzerland), Copenhagen (Denmark), Freiburg (Germany),
Toronto and Vancouver (Canada), Portland, Oregon (USA) and Perth
(Australia) are briefly described here to show the various
levels of achievement in very different environments around the
world.
},
rating = 4,
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/NewKen96/index.html }
}
@BOOK{NewKen99,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence},
year = 1999,
publisher = {Island Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
status = {read},
rating = 5,
keywords = {general interest, transport planning, urban planning, canada, land use transport link, urban form, energy, sustainability},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/NewKen99/index.html }
}
@ARTICLE{NorMacKen06,
author = {Jonathan Norman and Heather L.~Mac{L}ean and Christopher
A.~Kennedy},
title = {Comparing High and Low Residential Density: Life-Cycle
Analysis of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions},
year = 2006,
month = MAR,
journal = {Journal of Urban Planning and Development},
volume = 132,
number = 1,
pages = {10--21},
doi = {10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9488(2006)132:1(10)},
keywords = {greenhouse gases, urban form, canada, lifecycle analysis, toronto},
url = {http://www.growingsensibly.org/cmapdfs/Comparing%20High%20and%20Low%20Resedential%20Density%20-%20Life%20Cycly%20Analysis%20of%20Energy%20Use%20and%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emmissions.pdf},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{PacSoc04,
author = {S.~Pacala and R.~Socolow},
title = {Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next
50 Years with Current Technologies},
year = 2004,
journal = {Science},
volume = 305,
month = AUG,
pages = {968--972},
status = {read},
keywords = {greenhouse gases, transport planning, energy},
url = {http://carbonsequestration.us/Papers-presentations/htm/Pacala-Socolow-ScienceMag-Aug2004.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{ParCerHowZup96c,
author = {{Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade \& Douglas, Inc.} and
Robert Cervero and {Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.} and
Jeffrey Zupan},
title = {Transit and Urban Form: A Guidebook for Practitioners},
type = {Report},
number = {16 Volume 2 Part III},
institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation
Research Board},
year = 1996,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
status = {read},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link},
url = {http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_16-3.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{PBIC02,
author = {{Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center}},
title = {Bike Lane Design Guide},
year = 2002,
month = AUG,
institution = {Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center},
address = {Chapel Hill, NC, USA},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pavement marking},
url = {http://www.bicyclinginfo.org/de/bikelaneguide.htm},
status = {read}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Pel05,
author = {Piet H.~Pellenbarg},
title = {Firm migration in the {N}etherlands},
year = 2005,
month = AUG,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 45th {E}uropean {R}egional {S}cience
{A}ssociation Congress},
address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
status = {read},
keywords = {location choice, firm behaviour, demography of firms}
}
@TECHREPORT{Per1929,
author = {Clarence A.~Perry},
title = {The neighborhood unit: a scheme of arrangement for the
family-life community},
year = 1929,
booktitle = {The Regional Plan of {N}ew {Y}ork and its Environs},
institution = {Russell Sage Foundation},
type = {Monograph},
volume = 1,
quality = 3,
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, urban design, streets},
annote = {
Some interesting discussion. This design served as the prototype
for suburban layouts for quite a while, although the results have
not met the optimistic expectations laid out here. Many of his
goals are laudable (walking distance to all amenities, avoid
forcing children to cross arterials, etc.) while others are not
(promoting segregation).
``It is plain that arterial highways must necessarily run in every
direction and turn the street system into a network, and that
residential life must occupy the interstitial spaces.'' This marked
one of the first times that a neighbourhood was planned inside the
bounds of a square of ``arterials,'' and that framing proved
popular, although Jane Jacobs has made strong arguments against it.
Perry represents Jacobs' antithesis, I think: patriarchal and
paternalist, aiming to plan and provide for whatever needs he
considers valid. He calls the regular grid of equal-sized streets
``leading nowhere in particular'' while his meandering
discontinuous street plan is ``leading to places where people
go.'' It's a deceptively persuasive argument---who would be against
good design?---but it's ultimately patronising and controlling.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Pla04,
author = {Pnina O.~Plaut},
title = {Non-commuters: the people who walk to work or work at home},
year = 2004,
month = MAY,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 31,
number = 2,
pages = {229--255},
status = {read},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, transport modelling },
annote = {
So... patronising. From the title (``non-commuters'') onwards, the
author treats walking as an exotic eccentricity: ``While
fascinating, exotic and possibly romantic, little is known about
those who ``refuse'' to use the two main modes of travel.'' The
author does note that Eas99 found that motorized travel models cannot be
easily applied to nonmotorized travel. The analysis is confused by
the antiquated sexist division of the Israeli census into
``heads of household'' and ``spouse of head'' categories. The
author makes little attempt to unify the analysis of these
categories, and falls into rambling about walkers being ``poorer
and less educated'' than commuters, instead of doing a breakdown by
income group and comparing trends within each group, or making a
reasonable effort to guess at causes. Okay, I'm reacting very
negatively to the article, and I'm not giving it a fair shake, but
the tone and language really irritated me.
},
rating = 1
}
@TECHREPORT{Por01,
author = {Andr{\'e} Porlier},
title = {Le stationnement comme outil de gestion des déplacements dans
la région métropolitaine de Montréal},
year = 2001,
month = MAY,
institution = {Conseil régional de l'environnement de Montréal},
address = {Montréal, QC, Canada},
status = {read},
keywords = {parking, canada, transportation demand management},
url = {http://www.transportdurable.qc.ca/documents/stationnement.pdf}
}
@INCOLLECTION{PraDia00,
author = {Poulicos Prastacos and Manolis Diamandakis},
title = {Applying {GIS} Technology in Operational Urban Models},
editor = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and Michael Wegener},
booktitle = {Spatial Models and {GIS}: New Potential and New Models},
year = 2000,
publisher = {Taylor and Francis},
address = {London, UK},
pages = {223--234},
keywords = {geographic information systems, spatial modelling, transport modelling},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/FotWeg00/index.html }
}
@ARTICLE{Puc01,
author = {John Pucher},
title = {Cycling Safety on Bikeways vs. Roads},
year = 2001,
month = {Fall},
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 55,
number = 4,
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle segregation },
url = {http://policy.rutgers.edu/tpi/docs/cyclingsafety.pdf},
status = {read},
annote = {
Essentially just a rebuttal to John Forester's (ridiculous) claims
about the massive benefits of vehicular cycling.
}
}
@ARTICLE{PucBue05,
author = {John Pucher and Ralph Buehler},
title = {Cycling Trends and Policies in {C}anadian Cities},
year = 2005,
month = MAR,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 11,
number = 1,
keywords = {bicycle planning, canada},
url = {http://www.vtpi.org/pucher_canbike.pdf},
status = {read},
abstract = {
Bicycling accounted for an average of 1.2\% of work trips in Canada
in 2001, but with considerable
variation by province and metropolitan area. In this study, we
chose six Canadian cities for detailed
analysis of their cycling trends and policies: Montreal and
Quebec City in Quebec; Ottawa and
Toronto in Ontario; and Vancouver and Victoria in British
Columbia. All of these cities have made
impressive efforts to encourage more and safer cycling. Most of
the cities report increases in cycling
levels over the past two decades but appear to have reached a
limit due to lack of funding for
crucially needed cycling infrastructure (bike paths and lanes,
parking, intersection modifications, etc.).
In addition, the low-density, car-oriented suburban sprawl
spreading around most Canadian cities has
been increasing trip distances, thus making cycling
decreasingly feasible outside the urban core.
Finally, Canadian cities and provinces have not imposed any
significant restrictions on car use or
imposed increases in taxes, fees, and other charges for car
use, such as most European cities have
implemented to discourage driving and increase transit use,
walking, and cycling. If Canadian cities
really want to further increase cycling levels, they will have
to further expand cycling infrastructure,
curb low-density sprawl, and impose more restrictions and charges
on car use.
}
}
@ARTICLE{PucBue06,
author = {John Pucher and Ralph Buehler},
title = {Why {C}anadians cycle more than {A}mericans: A comparative
analysis of bicycling trends and policies},
year = 2006,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 13,
number = 3,
pages = {265--279},
keywords = {bicycle planning, canada},
abstract = {
In spite of their colder climate, Canadians cycle about three times
more than Americans. The main reasons for this difference are Canada?s
higher urban densities and mixed-use development, shorter trip
distances, lower incomes, higher costs of owning, driving and parking a
car, safer cycling conditions, and more extensive cycling
infrastructure and training programs. Most of these factors result
from differences between Canada and the United States in their
transport and land-use policies, and not from intrinsic differences
in history, culture or resource availability. That is good news,
since it suggests the possibility of significantly increasing
cycling levels in the United States by adopting some of the
Canadian policies that have so effectively promoted cycling and
enhanced its safety.
},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.policy.rutgers.edu/faculty/pucher/TransportPolicyArticle.pdf},
annote = {
Very interesting. They perform a regression on some fairly
aggregate data: provincial and state modal share and statistics.
They find that precipitation, gasoline price, cycling fatality
rates and temperature are the major factors determining mode share
when American and Canadian data are combined, with median work trip
distance almost as significant.
Some of the most interesting findings: average length of work trips
in similar-sized cities are twice as high in the US; cars are
really quite a bit more expensive in Canada: 33\% of income,
compared to 18\% in the U.S.
I'm curious to see their sources for Canadian cycling injury stats;
while I can see how they estimate total injuries, I can't imagine
how they convert that to injuries per 100 million kilometres.
I looked at the results a little more closely, and tried to
normalize the input variables prior to doing correlation, to give a
sense of their rank in affecting cycling mode share. (This
effectively just amounts to multiplying the regression parameter by
the standard deviation of the variable.) Using this approach, I
found the parameters to be, from most to least important: 1) gas
price, 0.30; 2) precipitation, -0.19; 3) work trip distance, -0.10;
4) temperature, 0.09; 5) fatality rate, -0.09.
I'd be curious to see a similar analysis done in a purely urban
Canadian context.
}
}
@ARTICLE{PucBue08,
author = {John Pucher and Ralph Buehler},
title = {Making Cycling Irresistable: Lessons from the {N}etherlands,
{D}enmark and {G}ermany},
year = 2008,
month = JUL,
journal = {Transport Reviews},
volume = 28,
number = 4,
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle segregation}
}
@ARTICLE{PucDij03,
author = {John Pucher and Lewis Dijkstra},
title = {Promoting Safe Walking and Cycling to Improve Public Health:
Lessons from the {N}etherlands and {G}ermany},
journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
volume = 93,
number = 9,
year = 2003,
month = SEP,
pages = {1509--1516},
annote = {
Some interesting stats on cycling and walking rates among the
elderly in Germany and the Netherlands},
keywords = {active transportation},
url = {http://policy.rutgers.edu/tpi/docs/usascii.pdf},
status = {read}
}
@BOOK{Pun03,
author = {John V.~Punter},
title = {The {V}ancouver Achievement: Urban Planning and Design},
year = 2003,
publisher = {University of British Columbia Press},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
keywords = {history, canada, urban planning, urban politics, architecture, streets, urban design },
abstract = {
This book examines the development of Vancouver's unique approach
to zoning, planning, and urban design from the early 1970s to
the beginning of the twenty-first century. By the late 1990s,
Vancouver had established a reputation in North America for its
planning achievement, especially for its creation of a
participative, responsive, and design-led approach to urban
regeneration and redevelopment. This system has other important
features: an innovative approach to megaproject planning, a
system of cost and amenity levies on major schemes, a
participative process to underpin active neighbourhood
planning, and a sophisticated panoply of design guidelines.
These systems, processes, and their achievements place
Vancouver at the forefront of international planning practice.
The Vancouver Achievement explains the keys to its success, and
evaluates its approach to planning and design against
internationally accepted criteria. Generously illustrated with
over 160 photos and figures, this book - the first
comprehensive account of contemporary planning and urban design
practice in any Canadian city - will appeal to academic and
professional audiences, as well as the general public.
},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://www.davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Pun03/index.html }
}
@BOOK{PusZup77,
author = {Boris S.~Pushkarev and Jeffrey M.~Zupan},
title = {Public Transportation and Land Use Policy},
year = 1977,
publisher = {Indiana University Press},
address = { Bloomington, IN, USA },
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, transit, land use transport link},
status = {read},
rating = 5,
annoteurl = { http://www.davidpritchard.org/sustrans/PusZup77/index.html }
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{RanVeoCetNag02,
author = {Bryan Raney and Andreas Voelimy and Nurhan Cetin and Kai
Nagel},
title = {Large scale multi-agent transportation simulation},
year = 2002,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Congress of the European Regional
Science Association},
publisher = {European Regional Science Assocation},
address = {Dortmund, Germany},
url = {http://www.raumplanung.uni-dortmund.de/rwp/ersa2002/cd-rom/papers/333.pdf},
abstract = {
In a multi-agent transportation simulation, each traveler is
represented individually. Such simulation consist of at least
the following modules: - Activity generation. For each traveler
in the simulation, a complete 24-hour day-plan is generated,
with each major activity (sleep, eat, work, shop, drink beer),
their times, and their locations.
- Modal and route choice. For each traveler in the simulation,
the mode of transportation and the actual routes are computed.
- The Traffic simulation itself. In this module, the travelers
are moved through the system, via the transportation mode they
have chosen. A reasonably realistic traffic dynamics is
necessary to include dynamic effects such as queue built-up.
- Learning and feedback. In order to find solutions which are
consistent between the modules (congestion is a result of
plans, but plans are made in anticipation of
congestion), a standard relaxation technique is used.
This technique has similarities to day-to-day human learning
and can also be interpreted that way.
It is clear that further modules need to be added, such as for
housing and land use, but also for freight traffic.
The important point of doing rule-based microscopic simulations
is that it is possible to experiment with arbitrary behavioral
rules, going all the way from simple learning heuristics to
rational agent That is, one is not bound by, e.g., mathematical
constraints. It is for example possible to construct, for each
individual agent, a large set of plans (``strategies'') and have
the agent select between these strategies, based on past
performance, or construct a new strategy. This allows, for
example, to evaluate performance according to individual
preferences. It also allows to have, for each agent, an only
partial knowledge of the world, which may be different for each
agent, and may be changed via exploration (``mental maps'').
Using advanced computational methods, in particular parallel
computing, it is now possible to do this for large metropolitan
areas with 10 million inhabitants or more. We are currently
working on such a simulation of all of Switzerland. Our focus
is on a computationally efficient implementation of the
agent-based representation, which means that we in fact
represent each agent with an individual set of plans as
explained above. We use a data base to store the agent's
strategies, then load them into the simulation modules as
required, and feed back individual performance measures into
the data base. This approach allows that additional modules can
be coupled easily, and without destroying computational
performance.
Since the above only models day-to-day replanning, we also look
at within-day replanning, which means that travelers can change
plans during travel. In particular, we look at efficient
distributed implementations of this. It turns out that
computational efficiency is closely related to the real-world
mechanics of the distributed intelligence inherent in the real
world system.
},
keywords = {transport modelling, computer science},
status = {read}
}
@INCOLLECTION{KahKobBeuGasGreLeeMurNewPloSpeWitZho07,
author = {S.~{Kahn Ribeiro} and S.~Kobayashi and M.~Beuthe and J.~Gasca
and D.~Greene and D.S.~Lee and Y.~Muromachi and P.J.~Newton and
S.~Plotkin and D.~Sperling and R.~Wit and P.J.~Zhou},
title = {Transport and its infrastructure},
year = 2007,
chapter = 5,
editor = { B.~Metz and O.R.~Davidson and P.R.~Bosch and R.~Dave and
L.A.~Meyer},
booktitle = {Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working
Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
status = {read},
url = {http://arch.rivm.nl/env/int/ipcc/pages_media/FAR4docs/final%20pdfs%20of%20chapters%20WGIII/IPCC%20WGIII_chapter%205_final.pdf},
keywords = {greenhouse gases, transport planning, energy}
}
@BOOK{Ric77,
author = {H.W.~Richardson},
title = {The new urban economics: and alternatives},
publisher = {Pion},
address = {London, UK},
year = 1977,
keywords = {urban economics},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{Rie05,
author = {Piet Rietveld},
title = {Six reasons why supply-oriented indicators systematically
overestimate service quality in public transport},
year = 2005,
month = MAY,
journal = {Transport Reviews},
volume = 25,
number = 3,
pages = {319--328},
status = {read},
annote = {
He's quite correct. All of these issues occurred to me when I was
working on Vancouver's Transit Service Guideline implementation,
which was supply-oriented rather than demand-oriented. It's a
detailed case study in the problems with averages.
},
keywords = {transit, indicators, transit indicators}
}
@ARTICLE{RieDan04,
author = {Piet Rietveld and Vanessa Daniel},
title = {Determinants of bicycle use: do municipal policies matter?},
year = 2004,
month = AUG,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 38,
number = 7,
pages = {531--550},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transport planning},
status = {read},
annote = {
A useful read, featuring a regression analysis of 103 Dutch
cities, their cycling policies, network quality, and geographic
features. The Fietersbond (Dutch Cyclists' Union)
collected a lot of the data here, including a special bicycle that
measures pavement quality via vibrations! Before drawing
conclusions from their results, I'd like to normalize all of their
variables to better understand what the relative contribution of
each parameter was.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{Rob89,
author = {John Roberts},
title = {Quality Streets: How traditional urban centres benefit from
traffic-calming},
year = 1988,
month = MAY,
institution = {Transport and Environmental Studies (TEST)},
number = 75,
address = {London, UK},
rating = 5,
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Rob89/index.html },
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, pedestrian planning, traffic calming, streets}
}
@ARTICLE{RooMohMil00,
author = {Matthew J.~Roorda and Abolfazl Mohammadian and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {{T}oronto {A}rea Car Ownership Study: A Retrospective Interview
and its Applications},
year = 2000,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1719,
pages = {69--76},
abstract = {
Recent work in the area of comprehensive transportation modeling
systems in a microsimulation framework, more specifically auto
ownership modeling, has recognized the need for increased
experimentation with dynamic models. Implicitly, dynamic models
require longitudinal data. A Toronto area car ownership study
was conducted to design and administer a longitudinal survey to
fulfill the data requirements for such a dynamic model, to
validate the survey results, and to conduct preliminary
analysis on those results. An in-depth retrospective telephone
survey was conducted with the help of a computer aid in
Toronto, Canada. Simple univariate analyses were conducted on
the data to determine the relationship between characteristics
of the household and the occurrence of vehicle transactions,
the choice of vehicle type, the duration a vehicle is held, and the
degree of consumer loyalty to different types of vehicles.
},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, canada},
status = {read},
annote = {
I read this after Mohammadian's later papers. It looks like they
did collect home/employer locations during the surveys---why didn't
they use this information?
}
}
@TECHREPORT{RTCAPBC99,
author = {{Rails-to-Trails Conservancy and the Association of
Pedestrian and Bicycle Professionals}},
title = {Improving Conditions for Bicycling and Walking: A Best
Practices Report},
year = 1998,
month = JAN,
institution = {U.S.~Federal Highway Administration},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning},
url = {http://www.walkinginfo.org/task_orders/to_5/intro.pdf},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{RyeCowIso06,
author = {Tom Rye and Tom Cowan and Stephen Ison},
title = {Expansion of a Controlled Parking Zone and its influence on
mode split: The Case of {E}dinburgh},
year = 2006,
month = FEB,
journal = {Transportation Planning and Technology},
volume = 29,
number = 1,
pages = 75,
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{RyeIso05,
author = {Tom Rye and Stephen Ison},
title = {Overcoming barriers to the implementation of car parking
charges at {UK} workplaces},
year = 2005,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 12,
number = 1,
pages = {57--64},
status = {read},
keywords = {parking}
}
@TECHREPORT{Sac04,
author = {Fatma Sa\c{c}li},
title = {Office Parks, Accessibility and Location Policy},
year = 2004,
institution = {International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis},
type = {Land Use Change Report},
number = {IR-04-20},
address = {Laxenburg, Austria},
status = {read},
keywords = {firm behaviour, location choice},
url = {http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Publications/Documents/IR-04-020.pdf}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Sal00,
author = {Jaana Salo},
title = {Conditions related to cycling and planning parking facilities
for bicycles},
year = 2000,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo Mondiale 2000},
address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle parking},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.velomondial.net/velomondiall2000/PDF/SALO.PDF}
}
@PHDTHESIS{Sal03,
author = {Paul A.~Salvini},
title = {Design and development of the {ILUTE} operational prototype: a
comprehensive microsimulation model of urban systems},
year = 2003,
school = {University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute},
status = {read}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{SalMil03,
author = {Paul A.~Salvini and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {{ILUTE}: An Operational Prototype of a Comprehensive
Microsimulation Model of Urban Systems},
year = 2003,
month = AUG,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Travel
Behavior Research},
address = {Lucerne, Switzerland},
url = {http://www.ivt.baug.ethz.ch/allgemein/pdf/salvini.pdf},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{SanRoj04,
author = {Georgina Santos and Laurent Rojey},
title = {Distributional impacts of road pricing: the truth behind the
myth},
year = 2004,
month = FEB,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 31,
number = 1,
pages = {21--42},
keywords = {congestion pricing, equity},
status = {read},
abstract = {
This paper shows that road pricing can be regressive, progressive
or neutral, and refutes the generalised idea that road pricing is
always regressive. The potential distributional impacts of a road
pricing scheme are assessed in three English towns. It is found
that impacts are town specific and depend on where people live,
where people work and what mode of transport they use to go to
work. Initial impacts may be progressive even before any
compensation scheme for losers is taken into account. When the
situation before the scheme is implemented is such that majority of
drivers entering the area where the scheme would operate come from
households with incomes above the average, it can be expected that,
once the scheme is implemented, these drivers coming from rich
households will continue to cross the cordon and will be prepared
to pay the charge. In such a case the overall effect will be that
on average, rich people will pay the toll and poor people will not.
}
}
@BOOK{Sau95,
author = {John Ralston Saul},
title = {The Unconscious Civilization},
year = 1995,
publisher = {House of Anansi},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
series = {CBC Massey Lectures},
status = {read},
keywords = {philosophy, politics, governance},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Sau95/index.html }
}
@ARTICLE{Sch96,
author = {Paul Schimek},
title = {Household Motor Vehicle Ownership and Use: How Much Does
Residential Density Matter?},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1552,
pages = {120--125},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport modelling, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Sch97,
author = {Paul Schimek},
title = {The Dilemmas of Bicycle Planning},
booktitle = {Presented at the Association of Collegiate Schools of
Planning and Association of European Schools of Planning Joint
International Conference},
year = 1996,
month = JUL,
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
url = {http://danenet.wicip.org/bcp/dilemma.html},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
status = {read}
}
@UNPUBLISHED{Sch97b,
author = {Paul Schimek},
title = {Understanding the Relatively Greater Use of Public Transit in
{C}anada Compared to the {USA}},
year = 1997,
institution = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of
Urban Studies and Planning},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
note = {Unpublished Ph.D. thesis},
keywords = {canada, transit, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{SchMok05,
author = {Tim Schwanen and Patricia L.~Mokhtarian},
title = {What affects commute mode choice: neighborhood physical
structure or preferences towards neighborhoods?},
year = 2005,
journal = {Journal of Transport Geography},
volume = 13,
number = 1,
pages = {83--99},
status = {read},
keywords = {land use transport link, travel behaviour},
annote = {
A very useful classification of residents: by urban/suburban
mismatch. Those living in the city but preferring suburbia
(``dissonant'') behave those who both live in and prefer the city
(``consonant''). Of the dissonants, urban-dwellers are claimed to be
better off than suburban-dwellers, since urban dissonants can still
drive, while suburban dissonants can't really do much about
inadequate transit service / walking environment.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{SchPorPaySuhMoeWil99,
author = {W.L.~Schwartz and C.D.~Porter and G.C.~Payne and J.H.~Suhrbier
and P.C.~Moe and W.L.~{Wilkinson III}},
title = {Guidebook on Methods to Estimate Non-Motorized Travel:
Overview of Methods},
year = 1999,
number = {FHWA-RD-98-165},
institution = {U.S.~Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Administration},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning},
status = {read},
abstract = {
This guidebook provides a means for practitioners to better
understand and estimate bicycle and pedestrian travel and to
address transportation planning needs. The guidebook describes
and compares the various methods that can be used to forecast
non-motorized travel demand or that otherwise support the
prioritization and analyses of non-motorized projects. These
methods are categorized according to four major purposes: (1)
demand estimation; (2) relative demand potential; (3) supply
quality analysis; and (4) supporting tools and techniques.
Discrete choice models, regional travel models, sketch plan
methods, facility demand potential, bicycle compatibility
measures, and geographic information systems are among the
methods and tools described.
},
url = {http://www.walkinginfo.org/task_orders/to_12/to12/vol1/title.htm}
}
@ARTICLE{Sho99,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {The Trouble with Minimum Parking Requirements},
year = 1999,
month = SEP,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 33,
number = {7/8},
pages = {549--574},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, parking},
url = {http://vtpi.org/shoup.pdf},
annote = {
A top-notch article. Fascinating reading. I suspect that we need
some intermediate steps before priced curb parking could be viable,
but I like some of his analysis of the costs associated with
parking, and his illustration of the benefits of paid parking.
He raises some interesting novel points about (1) minimum parking
requirements depressing land values; (2) fee-in-lieu as a way of
gauging the value of parking spaces; (3) minimum parking
requirements mandate meeting the peak demand for free parking,
preventing a market from forming; (4) minimum parking requirements
derive from a desire to prevent spillover effects in residential
areas.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Sho99b,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {Instead of Free Parking},
year = 1999,
journal = {Access Magazine},
volume = 15,
pages = {10--15},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, parking},
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/access.pl?access15.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Sho02,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {Roughly Right or Precisely Wrong},
year = 2002,
journal = {Access Magazine},
volume = 20,
pages = {20--26},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, parking},
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/access.pl?access20.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Sie04,
author = {Matti Siemiatycki},
title = {The International Diffusion of Radical Transportation Policy:
The Case of Congestion Charging},
year = 2004,
month = DEC,
journal = {Planning Theory \& Practice},
volume = 5,
number = 4,
pages = {510--514},
keywords = {congestion pricing, urban politics},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{Ska06,
author = {Andrejs Skaburskis},
title = {New {U}rbanism and Sprawl},
year = 2006,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 25,
pages = {233--248},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, new urbanism}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Smi02,
author = {Graham Paul Smith},
title = {Homezones and traffic calming: implications for cyclists},
year = 2002,
chapter = 5,
pages = {72--85},
editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for
Urban Planners},
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning, traffic calming},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html }
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Sny04,
author = {Ryan Snyder},
title = {Models, Shmodels: Why Can't We Accept the Reality of
Uncertainty?},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Pro Walk/Pro Bike 2004},
address = {Victoria, BC, Canada},
url = {http://www.bikewalk.net/sessions/55_Models_shmodels/Models_Shmodels.doc},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transport modelling},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{Sob97,
author = {Richard Soberman},
title = {The Track Ahead: Organization of the {TTC} under the new
amalgamated {C}ity of {T}oronto},
year = 1997,
month = SEP,
institution = {University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering},
url = {http://transit.toronto.on.ca/archives/reports/track_ahead.pdf},
status = {read},
keywords = {transit, governance, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{SonKna04,
author = {Yan Song and Gerrit-Jan Knaap},
title = {Measuring Urban Form: Is {P}ortland Winning the War on
Sprawl?},
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
year = 2004,
volume = 70,
number = 2,
url = {http://www.planning.org/japa/pdf/JAPAsong.pdf},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{Sou97,
author = {Michael Southworth},
title = {Walkable Suburbs: an evaluation of neotraditional communities
at the urban edge},
year = 1997,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 63,
number = 1,
pages = {28--44},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, new urbanism}
}
@INCOLLECTION{SpiWeg00,
author = {Klaus Spiekermann and Michael Wegener},
title = {Freedom from the Tyranny of Zones: Towards New {GIS}-based
Spatial Models},
editor = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and Michael Wegener},
booktitle = {Spatial Models and {GIS}: New Potential and New Models},
year = 2000,
publisher = {Taylor and Francis},
address = {London, UK},
pages = {45--61},
keywords = {geographic information systems, spatial modelling, transport modelling, equity},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/FotWeg00/index.html }
}
@ARTICLE{TalEll02,
author = {Emily Talen and Cliff Ellis},
title = {Beyond Relativism: Reclaiming the Search for Good City Form},
year = 2002,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 22,
pages = {36--49},
keywords = {philosophy, urban form},
status = {read},
abstract = {
This article argues that the search for a theory of good city form
should be given a more prominent place in planning theory alongside
theories of planning as a process. The professional practice of
city and regional planning requires well-validated, durable
criteria for successful outcomes. Fortunately, many recent
developments in philosophy, science, political theory, and the arts
challenge the postmodern relativism that has deflected attention
away from normative theory toward procedural issues. The authors
argue that planners should take advantage of these new ideas and
launch a renewed quest for the elements of good city form.
},
annote = {
Taking off from Lyn81 and borrowing from Turner's theory of the
"radical centre,'' this article discusses the need for good urban
form as a key part of planning theory. A good quote: ``As Duany et.
al (2000) have argued, our goal should be a very high `win-loss
ratio,' not sporadic, serendipitous victories.''
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Tay03,
author = {David Taylor},
title = {Connectivity and Movement},
year = 2003,
editor = {Peter Neal},
booktitle = {Urban Villages and the Making of Communities},
chapter = 5,
pages = {103--118},
publisher = {Spon Press},
address = {London, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {new urbanism, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Tie56,
author = {Charles Tiebout},
title = {A pure theory of local public expenditures},
year = 1956,
journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
volume = 64,
number = 5,
pages = {416--424},
keywords = {urban politics, equity, zoning}
}
@ARTICLE{TilLevKri07,
author = {N.Y.~Tilahun and David M.~Levinson and Kevin J.~Krizek},
title = {Trails, lanes or traffic: Valuing bicycle facilities with an
adapted stated preference survey},
year = 2007,
month = MAY,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 41,
number = 4,
pages = {287--301},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Tim03,
author = {Harry J.P.~Timmermans},
title = {The Saga of Integrated Land Use-Transport Modeling: How Many
More Dreams Before We Wake Up?},
year = 2003,
month = AUG,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Travel
Behavior Research},
address = {Lucerne, Switzerland},
url = {http://www.ivt.baum.ethz.ch/allgemein/pdf/timmermans.pdf},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, land use transport link},
status = {read},
annote = {
He makes some very valid criticisms of integrated
transportation/land use models. He has four things in particular
that he'd like to see done: induction of principles of spatial
behaviour; development of context and domain-specific behavioural
models, where he complains about the use of multinomial logit
models for residential location decisions, despite the fact that
most households have very limited information and housing
literature gives better models; development of truly integrated
models, instead of cobbling together existing models and all of
their assumptions; modelling of spatial planning and its effects on
urban form, including P3s.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Tiw03,
author = {Geetam Tiwari},
title = {Transport and land-use policies in {D}elhi},
year = 2003,
journal = {Bulletin of the World Health Organization},
volume = 81,
pages = {444--450},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, equity}
}
@ARTICLE{Tom02,
author = {Ray Tomalty},
title = {Growth Management in the {V}ancouver Region},
year = 2002,
journal = {Local Environment},
volume = 7,
number = 4,
pages = {431--445},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, canada, smart growth, urban growth boundary},
annote = {
A good article summarizing the history of the GVRD and the
effectiveness of its growth management. Invaluable for anyone new
to the Vancouver planning scene, or for those who just want to step
back momentarily and look at the big picture.
}
}
@ARTICLE{TomSka03,
author = {Ray Tomalty and Andrejs Skaburskis},
title = {Development Charges and City Planning Objectives: the
{O}ntario Disconnect},
year = 2003,
journal = {Canadian Journal of Urban Research},
volume = 12,
number = 1,
pages = {142--161},
abstract = {
In many provinces in Canada, development charges are collected by
municipal governments to help pay for the capital costs associated
with urban growth. Hardly anywhere, however, is there an attempt to
structure development charges so as to achieve planning goals. This
article examines the disconnect between fiscal and planning goals
by tracking the evolution of development charge regimes in a
particular urban region, namely the Greater Toronto Area in
Ontario, Canada. The authors pose the question: why do so many
municipalities adopt average cost approaches to calculating
development charges when it is widely assumed that a marginal cost
approach is superior from an infrastructure and land-use efficiency
(i.e., planning) perspective?
The typical explanations put forward to account for this preference
are examined and found wanting. A fuller explanation requires an
understanding of developer-municipal conflict over the principles
involved in the design of development charges. This leads us to an
account of the emergence of development charges in Ontario and the
evolving debate between municipalities and developers over who
should pay for the infrastructure needed to support growth. This
story reveals that there has been a gradual shift in municipal
infrastructure financing practices from a marginal cost or
``site-specific'' approach, favoured by developers, to an average
cost or ``municipal-wide'' approach, favoured by municipalities. In
the conclusions, a number of factors underlying this evolution are
identified.
},
status = {read},
keywords = {canada, urban planning, urban politics, finance}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Tom00,
author = {David Tomlinson},
title = {Conflicts between Cyclists and Motorists in {T}oronto,
{C}anada},
year = 2000,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo Mondiale 2000},
address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle collisions, canada},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.velomondial.net/velomondiall2000/PDF/TOMLINSO.PDF},
annote = {
A good analysis of 2600 collisions over a two-year period. Valuable
insight in a typical Canadian context. See also full report (CT03).
}
}
@ARTICLE{TorOSu01,
author = {P.M.~Torrens and David O'Sullivan},
title = {Cellular Automata and Urban Simulation: where do we go from
here?},
year = 2001,
journal = {Environment and Planning B},
volume = 28,
number = 2,
pages = {163--168},
annote = {
High-level reflection on CA. Authors discuss relation between theory of
CA and practice (bastardization) in urban simulation. See calibration
as the biggest current issue, but also feel that many modelers get
caught up in modeling and don't contribute back to urban theory.
},
keywords = {spatial modelling, computer science},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{Tra03,
author = {TransLink},
title = {Sustainable Region Showcase for {G}reater {V}ancouver},
year = 2003,
month = MAY,
institution = {TransLink},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
status = {read},
keywords = {canada, transport planning, transit}
}
@TECHREPORT{Tra04,
author = {TransLink},
title = {Cycling Performance Scorecard},
year = 2004,
month = JUN,
institution = {TransLink},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.translink.bc.ca/files/polls_surveys/cust_satisfaction/Cycling_PerfRep.pdf},
keywords = {canada, data, bicycle planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{TraBCA04,
author = {TransLink and {British Columbia Automobile Association}},
title = {Interest in Viable Transportation Options Among Private
Vehicle Drivers},
year = 2004,
month = JUL,
institution = {TransLink},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.translink.bc.ca/files/polls_surveys/cust_satisfaction/Report_BCAA_GVTA_Travel_Choices_Quantitative_Nov2004.pdf},
keywords = {canada, data, transit, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{TLSM04,
author = {{Transport for London Street Management}},
title = {A Business Case for Cycling and Evaluation of the Impacts of
Cycling in {L}ondon},
year = 2004,
month = JAN,
institution = {Transport for London},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning, finance},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.tfl.gov.uk/streets/pdfdocs/cycling/Business\%20Case\%20for\%20Cycling.pdf},
annote = {
A very ambitious bicycle plan, and with a rare application of
cost/benefit analysis to cycling (instead of highways), showing
reasonable benefits, even with major potential benefits excluded
(health, reduced parking costs).
}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{TLSM05b,
author = {{Transport for London Street Management}},
title = {{A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines ({ASLs}): Background and Research
Studies},
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo-City 2005},
year = 2005,
month = JUN,
address = {Dublin, Ireland},
institution = {Transport for London},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box},
url = {http://www.tfl.gov.uk/cycles/downloads/pdf/asl.pdf},
annote = {
A very useful overview of London-based research on advanced stop
lines (aka bike boxes) to give cyclists priority at intersections.
}
}
@BOOK{ULINPA83,
author = {{Urban Land Institute} and {National Parking Association}},
title = {The Dimensions of Parking},
edition = {2nd},
publisher = {The Urban Land Institute},
year = 1983,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {parking, transport planning},
status = {read},
annote = {
Wow, what an awful collection of essays. I can't speak for the more
engineering-oriented chapters (``Construction Techniques'' or
``Ventilation''), but the chapters on energy and the environment
are so glib and blinkered that they're painful. ``Parking Demand''
was the most painful: after rightly pointing out the error of
relying on tables of ``questionable, inappropriate, unknown, or
obsolete origin'', Jean Keneipp then tells us to rely on these
tables as long as they come from state transportation departments.
He's also big on building to accommodate peak demand, instead of
absorbing peak demand with other modes. Sigh.
},
rating = 1
}
@TECHREPORT{UNECE68,
author = {{United Nations Economic Commission for Europe}},
title = {Vienna Convention on Road Traffic},
year = 1968,
month = NOV,
institution = {United Nations},
url = {http://www.unece.org/trans/conventn/crt1968e.pdf},
status = {read},
keywords = {law, bicycle planning},
annote = {
A nice document, but sadly not ratified by Canada or the U.S. As
suggested by the fact that it's a European convention, it's
mostly ratified by European countries, plus a few African ones.
Canada did ratify the 1949 convention, though.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{Urb99,
author = {{Urban Systems Inc.}},
title = {Parking Issues and Opportunities},
year = 1999,
institution = {University of British Columbia Properties Inc.},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
url = {http://www.trek.ubc.ca/research/pdf/paper7.pdf},
keywords = {parking, transport planning, canada, transportation demand management},
annote = {
An interesting read. It has a lot of useful Vancouver context, in
more detail than other similar reports that I've read. That said,
it makes a classic planning mistake: they make some decisions by
surveying neighbouring jurisdictions and looking at averages.
},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{Urb04,
author = {Urban Systems Ltd.},
title = {Transportation Status Report: Fall 1997 to Fall 2003},
year = 2004,
institution = {University of British Columbia TREK Program Centre},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
url = {http://www.trek.ubc.ca/research/pdf/Fall 2003 Transportation Status Report.pdf},
keywords = {transport planning, canada},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{Urr04,
author = {John Urry},
title = {Social Engineering: Responding to {K}en {L}ivingstone},
year = 2004,
month = DEC,
journal = {Planning Theory \& Practice},
volume = 5,
number = 4,
pages = {506--509},
keywords = {congestion pricing, sociology},
status = {read}
}
@INCOLLECTION{vanWis99,
author = {van Wissen, Leo},
title = {A micro-simulation model of firms, applications of concepts of
the demography of the firm},
year = 1999,
chapter = 2,
booktitle = {Demography of Firms: Spatial Dynamics of Firm Behaviour},
editor = {van Dijk, Jouke and Piet H.~Pellenbarg},
publisher = {Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap/Netherlands Geographical Studies},
address = {Utrecht/Groningen, The Netherlands},
issn = {0169-4839},
pages = {15--48},
status = {read},
keywords = {demography of firms, firm behaviour, location choice}
}
@ARTICLE{VerNijRie95,
author = {Erik Verhoef and Peter Nijkamp and Piet Rietvald},
title = {The economics of regulatory parking policies: the
(im)possibilities of parking policies in traffic regulation},
year = 1995,
month = MAR,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 29,
number = 2,
pages = {141--156},
status = {read},
keywords = { parking, congestion pricing, urban economics },
abstract = {
This article contains an economic analysis of regulatory
parking policies as a substitute to road pricing. The scope for
such policies is discussed, after which a simple diagrammatic
analysis is presented, focusing on the differences between the
use of parking fees and physical restrictions on parking space
supply. The former is found to be superior for three reasons:
an information argument, a temporal efficiency argument and an
intertemporal efficiency argument. Finally, a spatial parking
model is developed, showing that it may be possible to overcome
the difficulty of regulatory parking policies not
differentiating according to distance driven by specifying the
appropriate spatial pattern of parking fees, making individuals
respond to (spatial) parking fee differentials.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{VR05,
author = {{Vic Roads}},
title = {Coloured Surface Treatments for Bicycle Lanes},
year = 2005,
month = APR,
institution = {Vic Roads},
address = {Melbourne, Australia},
type = {Cycle Notes},
number = 14,
url = {http://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/vrpdf/trum/TR2004227.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pavement colouring},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{VoaWil00,
author = {David Voas and Paul Williamson},
title = {An Evaluation of the Combinatorial Optimisation Approach to
the Creation of Synthetic Microdata},
year = 2000,
journal = {International Journal of Population Geography},
volume = 6,
number = 5,
pages = {349--366},
status = {read},
keywords = {population synthesis}
}
@ARTICLE{Wac84,
author = {Martin Wachs},
title = {Autos, Transit, and the Sprawl of {L}os {A}ngeles: the 1920s},
year = 1984,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 50,
number = 3,
pages = {297--310},
keywords = { history, land use transport link, transit },
annote = {
A different take on Los Angeles than I'd heard before. Wachs
describes a city that was distinct from an early age. Its initial
trajectory was not so different from Vancouver: a population of
only 6000 in 1870, linked to the railroad in 1876. But it exploded
from there, to 50,000 by 1890, up to 320,000 by 1910, and 1.2
million by 1930---and already 780,000 cars by that date. The city
motorized extremely early, aided by the California climate and
local conditions. The immigrants were quite well-to-do, mostly
born in the USA and raised with American values, and settled in a
very dispersed pattern well before the arrival of the automobile,
mostly aided by streetcars.
The city developed in parallel with communications technology (the
telephone) and at the height of the City Beautiful movement. Also,
building heights were constrained by city laws after the 1906 San
Francisco earthquake. Already by 1924, 48 percent entering the CBD
came by car. The decisive stroke in favour of automobiles, however,
was the decision to proceed with an incremental roads and highway
plan (1924), and the failure to adopt a proposed high-cost transit
plan (1926).
},
quality = 4
}
@ARTICLE{Wac89,
author = {Martin Wachs},
title = {When Planners Lie with Numbers},
year = 1989,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 55,
number = 4,
pages = {476--479},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, transport modelling},
annote = {
``You're the expert,'' says the client. ``If you can't produce an
estimate, nobody can.'' ``I'm not paying you for guesses,'' says
the supervisor. ``Where are the facts to back up your position?'' I
once told a client that I could not in good conscience produce a
forecast of the daily use of a proposed facility because there had
never been a facility of that type in the region, and there was no
experience on which to base a forecast. I was told, without even a
pretense of politeness, ``If you won't forecast, I'll get another
consultant.'' Another consultant was hired, and a forecast was made
and paid for. Should the forecast be considered a good technical
estimate, or a fiction produced to garner a fee by pleasing the
client?
}
}
@ARTICLE{Wad02,
author = {Paul Waddell},
title = {Urban{S}im: Modeling Urban Development for Land Use, Transportation
and Environmental Planning},
year = 2002,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 68,
number = 3,
pages = {297--314},
annote = {
Interesting. Waddell gives a nod to Miller's 98 TRCP paper, generally
agreeing that it's a good description of an ``ideal model.'' Waddell's
model definitely tries to do a better job than earlier models, but the
simulation may still be too coarse to achieve its goals. There is no
modelling of the household, or much modelling of decision-making
procedures within the household. They use the same one-year timestep as
Miller, but only a five-year timestep for calculation of the
transportation network. Their ability to deal with other modes is
seriously limited - while disaggregation brings the scale down to a
reasonable level, they don't model automobile ownership, one of the key
decisions. They note the difficulty of validation against historical
data; even with a relatively stable period (1980-1994, little job
or pop changes), there's a fair bit of difference between their model
and others' models. And of course they can't hope to predict big changes -
like Weyerhaueser closing a plant. They're also still fairly cellular
automata based - transition rules instead of behavioural modelling.
},
keywords = {transport modelling, transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link},
status = {read}
}
@INCOLLECTION{WadUlf04,
author = {Paul Waddell and Gudmundur F.~Ulfarsson},
title = {Introduction to Urban Simulation: Design and Development of
Operational Models},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {Handbook in Transport},
volume = {5: Transport Geography and Spatial Systems},
editor = {P.~Stopher and K.~Button and K.~Kingsley and D.~Hensher},
publisher = {Pergamon Press},
address = {Elmsford, NY, USA},
pages = {204--236},
annote = {
Interesting background notes on the municipal interest in modeling -
lawsuits from Sierra Club and others. I should compare Figure 3 vs.
ILUTE's structure. Lots of good background on different modeling
strategies. Claims that there is no evidence that aggregate data is
less error-prone than disaggregate data. They show a very rough
breakdown into submodels.
},
keywords = {transport modelling, land use transport link},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{WalDavCra03,
author = {G.T.~Wall and D.G.~Davies and M.~Crabtree},
title = {Capacity Implications of {A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines for Cyclists},
year = 2003,
number = {TRL585},
institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box},
url = {http://217.118.128.203/store/downloadreport.asp?id=2736},
issn = {0968-4107},
status = {read},
abstract = {
An investigation of the capacity implications of installing
Advanced Stop Lines (ASLs) has been carried out by TRL Limited
as part of a project entitled Cycling Facilities and
Engineering, commissioned by the Charging and Local Transport
Division of the Department for Transport. The study included a
review of previous research into ASLs in the UK and in the
Netherlands; an examination of the theoretical capacity
implications of installing ASLs using OSCADY (Optimised Signal
Capacity and Delay) the signal-controlled junction
modelling computer programme and saturation flow formulae;
`before' and `after' video surveys of modified junctions at four
sites in Guildford, Surrey, and questionnaires to examine the
attitudes of cyclists. While cyclists generally thought that
the ASLs were safer and easier to use than unadapted junctions,
concerns were expressed that some drivers did not comply
with the new layout. Changes in the length of time
between green signals or a longer minimum green time
may be required in some circumstances. At the two sites
where the number of traffic lanes remained the same
there was a slight increase in saturation flow, but at
the two sites where a traffic lane was removed large
reductions in saturation flow were observed. This
report of the study concludes with several
recommendations.
},
annote = {
A valuable source, particularly for its review of Dutch literature
on bike boxes. They find that adding a bike box with a 5m deep
reservoir for a bike box has no effect on an intersection's motor
vehicle capacity, unless a lane must be removed to make room for
the bike box.
}
}
@ARTICLE{WarTigPag07,
author = {Mark Wardman and Miles Tight and Matthew Page},
title = {Factors influencing the propensity to cycle to work},
year = 2007,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 41,
pages = {339--350},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle modelling}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Wel02,
author = {Ton Welleman},
title = {An efficient means of transport: experiences with cycling
policy in the {N}etherlands},
year = 2002,
chapter = 12,
pages = {192--208},
editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for
Urban Planners},
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html }
}
@ARTICLE{Whe00,
author = {Stephen M.~Wheeler},
title = {Planning for Metropolitan Sustainability},
year = 2000,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 20,
pages = {133--145},
status = {read},
quality = 3,
keywords = {sustainability, urban planning, governance, canada, public participation},
annote = {
Some interesting historical notes on regional government: the
abandonment of regional government in London, Barcelona and Copenhagen
in the 1980s, and the Minneapolis-St. Paul tax sharing arrangement.
He argues in favour of direct election of regional governments
(e.g., Portland) rather than selection from local government
officials (e.g., Vancouver, San Francisco) or appointment by state
(e.g., Minneapolis-St. Paul). The article also has a more realistic view
of governance and planning in the Greater Toronto Area than most
articles I've read.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Whe03,
author = {Stephen M.~Wheeler},
title = {The Evolution of Urban Form in {P}ortland and {T}oronto:
implications for sustainability planning},
year = 2003,
month = JUN,
journal = {Local Environment},
volume = 8,
number = 3,
pages = {317--336},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/1083947350-55615933/ftinterface~content=a713685047~fulltext=713240930},
keywords = {urban form, canada, streets, history, transport planning, urban planning, new urbanism},
abstract = {
This paper analyses the evolution of urban form in two North American
metropolitan regions (Portland and Toronto) and asks how more
sustainable regional form might come about in the future in these and
other urban areas. In the past, dominant patterns of urban form have
emerged in such regions at different historical periods. These
morphological phases include mid 19th-century grids, streetcar suburb
grids, garden suburbs, automobile suburbs and New Urbanist
neighbourhoods (which have only recently made an appearance and may or
may not become widespread). Judging by the performance of past types of
urban morphology, five design values appear particularly important for
more sustainable urban form in the future: compactness, contiguity,
connectivity, diversity and ecological integration. Although these
principles were not well supported by 20th-century development,
contemporary movements such as the New Urbanism and Smart Growth
re-emphasise them. The example of these two regions indicates that, in
the absence of new technological, economic or geographical forces,
public sector institutions and urban social movements represent the
most likely means to bring about new, more sustainable types of urban
form.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{WilWalHarGriLit04,
author = {John Williams and Tom Walsh and David Harkey and Glenn Grigg
and Todd Litman},
title = {Wisconsin Bicycle Facility Design Handbook},
year = 2004,
url = {http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/projects/state/docs/bike-facility.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pavement marking, traffic calming, traffic controls},
institution = {Wisconsin Department of Transportation},
address = {Madison, WI, USA},
rating = 4,
status = {read},
annote = {
A very good, modern approach to bicycle facility design, from a
North American perspective. Some really excellent diagrams of
traffic calming designs; a good description of right-turn conflicts
(p.~3-20).
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Wil00,
author = {Katie Williams},
title = {Does intensifying cities make them more sustainable?},
year = 2000,
booktitle = {Achieving sustainable urban form},
editor = {Katie Williams and Elizabeth Burton and Mike Jenks},
pages = {30--45},
address = {London, UK},
publisher = {E\&FN Spon},
status = {read},
keywords = {sustainability, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{WilBirRee98,
author = {Paul Williamson and M.~Birkin and P.H.~Rees},
title = {The estimation of population microdata by using data from
small area statistics},
year = 1998,
journal = {Environment and Planning A},
volume = 30,
number = 5,
pages = {785--816},
status = {read},
doi = {10.1068/a300785},
keywords = {population synthesis}
}
@ARTICLE{Wil95,
author = {Richard W.~Willson},
title = {Suburban parking requirements: a tacit policy for automobile
use and sprawl},
year = 1995,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 61,
number = 1,
pages = {29--42},
status = {read},
quality = 4,
annote = {
One of the better parking papers that I've read, and one which
makes the connection to urban form explicit.
One sentence was phrased in a way that struck me: he notes that each
site is required to have adequate space to meet peak demands---rather
than allowing one ``peak'' site for the area. Existing parking
standards insist that parking must be provided exactly at the
destination, even for rare peak demands.
},
keywords = {transport planning, parking, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{WinFriKoeTes07,
author = {Meghan Winters and Melissa C.~Friesen and Mieke Koehoorn and
Kay Teschke},
title = {Utilitarian Bicycling: A Multilevel Analysis and Personal
Influences},
year = 2007,
journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},
volume = 32,
number = 1,
status = {read},
doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2006.08.027},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle segregation},
url = {http://www.cher.ubc.ca/cyclingincities/pdf/winters2007.pdf}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Yea02,
author = {Michael Yeates},
title = {Making space for cyclists: a matter of speed?},
year = 2002,
chapter = 4,
pages = {50--71},
editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for
Urban Planners},
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
rating = 1,
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html }
}
@ARTICLE{Zac05,
author = {John Zacharias},
title = {Non-motorized transportation in four {S}hanghai districts},
year = 2005,
journal = {International Planning Studies},
volume = 10,
number = {3/4},
pages = {323--340},
status = {read},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, bicycle planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Zal02,
author = {Andrzej Zalewski},
title = {Traffic calming on the national road network to improve
cycling conditions in small towns in {P}oland: the case of
{K}obylnica {S}lupska on {N}ational {R}oad 21},
year = 2002,
chapter = 15,
pages = {237--250},
editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for
Urban Planners},
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning, traffic calming},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html }
}
@TECHREPORT{AASHTO91,
author = {{American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials}},
title = {Guide for development of new bicycle facilities},
institution = {American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
year = 1991,
keywords = {bicycle planning, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Abr98,
author = {John Edward Abraham},
title = {A review of the {MEPLAN} modelling framework from a
perspective of urban economics},
year = 1998,
institution = {University of Calgary, Department of Civil Engineering},
address = {Calgary, AB, Canada},
type = {Research Report},
number = {CE98-2},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@PHDTHESIS{Abr00,
author = {John Edward Abraham},
title = { Parameter Estimation in Urban Models: Theory and Application
to a Land Use Transport Interaction Model of the {S}acramento,
{C}alifornia Region},
year = 2000,
school = {University of Calgary, Department of Civil Engineering},
address = {Calgary, AB, Canada},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, land use transport link },
url = {http://www.ucalgary.ca/~jabraham/Papers/jeadissertation.pdf/JEADissertation.pdf}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{AbrHun01,
author = {John Edward Abraham and John Douglas Hunt},
title = {Dynamic microsimulation of heterogeneous spatial markets},
year = 2001,
month = JUN,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Economics with
Heterogeneous Interacting Agents},
address = {Maastricht, The Netherlands},
keywords = {transport modelling, spatial modelling, ilute}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{AbrHun02,
author = {John Edward Abraham and John Douglas Hunt},
title = {Spatial market representations: concepts and application to
integrated planning models},
year = 2002,
month = NOV,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 49th Annual North American Meetings of
the Regional Science Association International},
address = {San Juan, Puerto Rico},
keywords = {transport modelling, spatial modelling, ilute}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{AbrHun03b,
author = {John Edward Abraham and John Douglas Hunt},
title = {Market-based linkages in integrated land use transport
models},
year = 2003,
month = MAR,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th Computers in Planning and Urban
Management Conference},
address = {Sendai, Japan},
url = {http://www.ucalgary.ca/~jabraham/Papers/markets/8100.pdf},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute},
abstract = {
An economic market approach to urban system modelling is described,
where all interactions are characterized as exchanges in a market.
This leads to a natural partition of an integrated urban model
into submodels based on the category of good or service being
supplied or demanded, the type of agent making the demand or
supply, and the time and place of interaction. Actors
communicate through 6 defined operations on markets, decoupling
the algorithms representing different behaviour. Agent based
approaches to simulation are a natural extension of the market
approach, allowing a transaction based simulation of
heterogeneous spatial markets with individual agents making
specific offers in specific places at specific times, and other
agents accepting those offers at future specific times.
Incorporating many existing modelling methods into such a
framework requires a set of average prices by segmenting
markets by commodity category, space and time, and wrapping the
modules in interfaces that recast the inputs and ouputs into
market operations. The paradigm is applied to two existing
modelling frameworks: the Sacramento MEPLAN model and the
Oregon statewide TLUMIP model.
}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{AbrMcMBroHun02,
author = {John Edward Abraham and Susan Mc{M}illan and Alan T.~Brownlee
and John Douglas Hunt},
title = {Investigation of Cycling Sensitivities},
year = 2002,
month = JAN,
booktitle = {Transportation Research Board Annual Conference},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.ucalgary.ca/~jabraham/Papers/calgarybike/CalgaryBike.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{AbrWeiGliWilHun05,
author = {John Edward Abraham and T.~Weidner and J.~Gliebe and
C.~Willison and John Douglas Hunt},
title = {Three Methods for Synthesizing Base-Year Built Form for Use in
Integrated Land Use-Transport Models},
year = 2005,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1902,
pages = {114--123},
keywords = {transport modelling, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{ACRBAH91,
author = {{Advisory Commission on Regulatory Barriers to Affordable
Housing}},
title = {``Not {I}n {M}y {B}ack {Y}ard'': Removing Barriers to Affordable
Housing},
year = 1991,
month = JUL,
institution = {U.S.~Department of Housing and Urban Development},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {equity, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Ale65,
author = {Christopher Alexander},
title = {A city is not a tree},
journal = {Architectural Forum},
volume = 122,
year = 1965,
month = {April, May},
pages = {58--62, 58--61},
keywords = {architecture, urban design, urban form, streets, street design },
annote = {
Apparently, a critique of hierarchical, tree-like city design
(particularly conventional suburban street layouts)
}
}
@BOOK{Ale79,
author = {Christopher Alexander},
title = {The timeless way of building},
year = 1979,
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {architecture, urban design }
}
@BOOK{Ale02,
author = {Christopher Alexander},
title = {The nature of order},
year = 2002,
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {architecture, urban design }
}
@BOOK{AleIshSilJacFicAng77,
author = {Christopher Alexander and S.~Ishikawa and M.~Silverstein and
M.~Jacobson and I.~Fiksdahl-King},
title = {A pattern language},
year = 1977,
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {architecture, urban design },
priority = 4
}
@BOOK{AleNeiAnnKin87,
author = {Christopher Alexander and H.~Neis and A.~Anninou and I.~King},
title = {A new theory of urban design},
year = 1987,
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {architecture, urban design }
}
@TECHREPORT{Ale87,
author = {L.A.~Alexander},
title = {Better Downtown Parking: Increasing the Supply and Managing it
Better},
year = 1987,
institution = {Downtown Research \& Development Center},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
abstract = {
This publication presents guidelines for improving downtown
parking. It explains how to ``think right'' about downtown
parking; how to ``plan a total parking system'' that meets all
needs; how to get the ``right amount of parking'' and how to
define your downtown ``parking goals'' and shape ``parking plans''
to reach them. In addition, this report aims to alert
downtowners to essential ``new ideas and concepts'' such as
efficient shared-parking, standards for calculating demand,
organizing free parking districts, etc. Another basic idea covered
relates to ``making all parking more productive'' by parking
system management. Other topics covered include relationship to
transit, handling heavy employee parking loads, metering or not
metering, and the ``ideal'' parking system.
},
keywords = {parking, transportation demand management}
}
@ARTICLE{AllRouHumMil98,
author = {D.~Patrick Allen and Nagui Rouphail and Joseph E.~Hummer and
Joseph S.~{Milazzo II}},
title = {Operational Analysis of Uninterrupted Bicycle Facilities},
year = 1998,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1636,
pages = {30--36},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1636-005.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{AllDanDha04,
author = {Cheryl Allen-Munley and Janice Daniel and Sunil Dhar},
title = {Urban Bicycle Route Safety Rating Logistic Model},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1878,
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb/trb2004/TRB2004-000375.pdf},
abstract = {
In response to the renewed appreciation of the benefits of
bicycling to the environment and public health, public
officials across the nation are working to establish new
bicycle routes (1). During the past two decades, a number of
methods have been endorsed for the selection of ``suitable''
bicycle routes. These methods are limited in that they do not
explicitly address bicycle safety nor do they reflect urban
conditions. The purpose of this research was to develop an
objective bicycle route safety rating model based on injury
severity. The model development was conducted using a logistic
transformation of Jersey City's bicycle crash data for the
period 1997-2000. The resulting model meets a 90\% confidence
level by using various operational and physical factors
(traffic volume, lane width, population density, highway
classification, the presence of vertical grades, one-way
streets and truck routes) to predict the severity of an injury
that would result from a motor vehicle crash that occurred at a
specific location. The modeled rating of the bicycle route's
safety is defined as the expected value of the predicted injury
severity. This rating is founded on the premise that safe
routes produce less severe accidents than unsafe routes. The
contribution of this research goes beyond the model's
predictive capacity in comparing the safety of alternative
routes. The model provides planners with an understanding,
derived from objective data, of the factors that add to the route's
safety, the factors that reduce safety and the factors that are
irrelevant. The model confirms widely held beliefs, as
evidenced by the findings that highways with steep grades,
truck routes and poor pavement quality, create an unfavorable
environment for bicyclists. On the other hand, the model found
that increased volume and reduced lane width, at least in urban
areas, actually reduce the likelihood of severe injury.
Planners are encouraged to follow the lead of experienced
bicyclists in choosing routes that travel through the urban
centers as opposed to diverting bicyclists to circuitous routes
on wide, low volume roads at the periphery of cities.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{AlrEtc00,
author = {D.~Alrutz et al.},
title = {Begleitforschung {F}ahrradfrendliche {S}t{\"a}dte und
{G}emeinden {NRW}: {M}a{\ss}nahmen- und
{W}irksamkeitsuntersuchung},
year = 2000,
address = {D{\"u}sseldorf, Germany},
institution = {Ministerium f{\"u}r {W}irtschaft und {M}ittelstand,
{E}nergie und {V}erkehr {NRW}},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{Alt80,
author = {Alan Altshuler},
title = {The Urban Transportation System},
year = 1980,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{APTA97,
author = {{American Public Transit Association}},
title = {The Transit Fact book, 1996--97},
year = 1997,
institution = {American Public Transit Association},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@BOOK{Ana92,
author = {Alex Anas},
title = {{NYSIM} (The {N}ew {Y}ork Simulation Model): A Model of
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Transportation Projects},
year = 1992,
publisher = {Regional Planning Association},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@TECHREPORT{Ana94,
author = {Alex Anas},
title = {{METROSIM}: A Unified Economic Model of Transportation and
Land-Use},
year = 1994,
institution = {Alex Anas \& Associates},
address = {Williamsville, NY, USA},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Ana95,
author = {Alex Anas},
title = {Capitalization of Urban Travel Improvements into Residential
and Commercial Real Estate: Simulations with a Unified Model of
Housing, Travel Mode and Shopping Choices},
year = 1995,
journal = {Journal of Regional Science},
volume = 35,
number = 3,
pages = {351--375},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@TECHREPORT{Ana98,
author = {Alex Anas},
title = {{NYMTC} Transportation Models and Data Initiative, The {NYMTC}
{L}and {U}se {M}odel},
year = 1998,
institution = {Alex Anas \& Associates},
address = {Williamsville, NY, USA},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{AnaArnSma98,
author = {Alex Anas and R.~Arnott and Kenneth A.~Small},
title = {Urban spatial structure},
year = 1998,
journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
volume = 36,
pages = {1426--1464},
keywords = {urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{AnddeP04,
author = {Simon P.~Anderson and Andr{\'e} {de Palma}},
title = {The economics of pricing parking},
year = 2004,
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
volume = 55,
number = 1,
pages = {1--20},
keywords = {parking, urban economics}
}
@ARTICLE{AndKanMilBul96,
author = {William P.~Anderson and Pavlos S.~Kanaroglou and Eric
J.~Miller and Ron N.~Buliung},
title = {Simulating Automobile Emissions in an Integrated Urban Model},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1520,
pages = {71--80},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling, ilute, greenhouse gases},
abstract = {
The network component of an integrated urban model called IMULATE
is interfaced with the MOBILE5.C emissions models. IMULATE
produces estimates of traffic flows and average speeds on each
link in an urban road network using a user equilibrium
assignment algorithm. This information is combined with
speed-dependent emissions factors generated by MOBILE5.C to
calculate estimates of the three types of emissions on a
link-by-link basis. The combined models are implemented for the
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, metropolitan area. Simulations are
conducted to illustrate the spatial patterns of emissions in
the morning peak period and to demonstrate the impact of
congestion on emissions estimates. The incorporation of
detailed network performance information yields significant
benefits in the estimation of regional automobile emissions.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{Ant93,
author = {S.~Antcliff},
title = {An Introduction to {DYNAMOD}---A Dynamic Population
Microsimulation Model},
year = 1993,
institution = {National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling},
address = {Canberra, Australia},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@ARTICLE{Ant94,
author = {C.L.~Antonakos},
title = {Environmental and travel preferences of cyclists},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1438,
pages = {25--33},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{App81,
author = {Donald Appleyard},
title = {Livable Streets},
year = 1981,
publisher = {University of California Press},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
keywords = {urban design, streets, street design, traffic calming}
}
@TECHREPORT{AppJac82,
author = {Donald Appleyard and Allan B.~Jacobs},
title = {Toward an Urban Design Manifesto},
year = 1982,
institution = {Institute of Urban \& Regional Design, University of
California},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
keywords = {urban design}
}
@BOOK{AppLynMye64,
author = {Donald Appleyard and Kevin Lynch and John Myer},
title = {The View from the Road},
year = 1964,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {streets, urban planning, street design}
}
@ARTICLE{AppLin72,
author = {Donald Appleyard and M.~Lintell},
title = {The environmental quality of city streets: the residents'
viewpoint},
year = 1972,
journal = {Journal of the American Institute of Planners},
volume = 38,
number = 2,
pages = {84--101},
keywords = {streets, urban design, street design}
}
@ARTICLE{AreTim05,
author = {Theo A.~Arentze and Harry J.P.~Timmermans},
title = {An analysis of context and constraints-dependent shopping
behaviour using qualitative decision principles},
year = 2005,
month = MAR,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 42,
number = 3,
doi = {10.1080/00420980500035105},
keywords = {shopping, activity-based modelling}
}
@BOOK{ArnRavSch05,
author = {Richard Arnott and Tilmann Rave and Ronnie Schob},
title = {Alleviating Urban Traffic Congestion},
year = 2005,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {congestion pricing, transport planning, urban economics, bicycle planning, parking},
annote = {
Apparently contains a fairly positive view of cycling, from a group
of economists.
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Art88,
author = {W.~Brian Arthur},
title = {Urban Systems and Historical Path Dependence},
year = 1988,
pages = {85--97},
editor = {Jesse H.~Ausubel and Robert Herman},
booktitle = {Cities and Their Vital Systems},
publisher = {The National Academies Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
url = {http://www.nap.edu/catalog/1093.html},
isbn = {0309037867},
keywords = {location choice, urban economics }
}
@ARTICLE{AshBan89,
author = {C.A.~Ashley and C.~Banister},
title = {Cycling to work from wards in a metropolitan area: 3 Testing
the Model},
year = 1989,
month = SEP,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 30,
number = 9,
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Aug1948,
author = {Tracy B.~Augur},
title = {The Dispersal of Cities as a Defensive Measure},
year = 1948,
month = {Summer},
journal = {Journal of the American Institute of Planners},
pages = {29--35},
keywords = {urban form, urban planning, history}
}
@PHDTHESIS{Aul96,
author = {Lisa Aultman-Hall},
title = {Commuter Bicycle Route Choice: Analysis of Major Determinants
and Safety Implications},
year = 1996,
school = {McMaster University},
address = {Hamilton, ON, Canada},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle safety, route choice}
}
@ARTICLE{AulAda98,
author = {Lisa Aultman-Hall and Michael F.~{Adams~Jr.}},
title = {Sidewalk Bicycling Safety Issues},
year = 1998,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1636,
pages = {71--76},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle collisions, canada},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1636-011.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{AulHal98,
author = {Lisa Aultman-Hall and Fred Hall},
title = {Research Design Insights from a Survey of Urban Bicycle
Commuters},
year = 1998,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1636,
pages = {21--28},
keywords = {bicycle planning, canada},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1636-004.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{AulHal98b,
author = {Lisa Aultman-Hall and Fred Hall},
title = {{O}ttawa-{C}arleton Commuter Cyclist on and off road
incident rates},
year = 1998,
journal = {Accident Analysis and Prevention},
volume = 30,
pages = {29--43},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle collisions, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{AulHalBae97,
author = {Lisa Aultman-Hall and Fred Hall and Brian B.~Baetz},
title = {Analysis of Bicycle Commuter Routes Using {G}eographic
{I}nformation {S}ystems: Implications for Bicycle Planning},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1578,
pages = {102--110},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1578-13.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{AulRooBae97,
author = {Lisa Aultman-Hall and Matthew Roorda and B.W.~Baetz},
title = {Using {GIS} for evaluation of neighbourhood pedestrian
accessibility},
year = 1997,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 19,
pages = {53--66},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, accessibility}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Axh98,
author = {Kay W.~Axhausen},
title = {Can we ever obtain the data we would like to have?},
booktitle = {Theoretical Foundations of Travel Choice Modelling},
editor = {K.~Westin},
year = 1998,
publisher = {Elsevier Science Ltd.},
address = {Oxford, UK},
pages = {305--323},
keywords = {transport modelling, spatial modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Axh00,
author = {Kay W.~Axhausen},
title = {Geographies of Somewhere: A Review of Urban Literature},
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 37,
number = 16,
pages = {1849--1864},
year = 2000,
abstract = { The past 10 years have seen the publication of a whole range of
books from the US dealing with the loss of place in one way or the
other. The books under review were, in general, written for broad
audiences and are, in many cases, campaign documents. Their success
and substantial number indicate an unease, which many academic
texts cannot formulate. They are in this way evidence, in just the
same way as were The Death and Life of Great American Cities or
Edge City. This European-based review will critically review these
recent books in an attempt to highlight their common threads. While
the books show particular concern for the poverty of current urban
and suburban environments, they lack any substantial discussion of
the economic mechanisms which are reproducing the undesired
results. They are also unaware of the recent developments in
communications and transport technologies, which have considerable
potential to influence future trends, which will be discussed in
the review. Also included in the review are a number of
transport-oriented books, as they formulate a different aspect of
the same concern about the built environment.
},
keywords = { urban planning, transport planning, general interest }
}
@ARTICLE{AxhPol91,
author = {Kay W.~Axhausen and J.W.~Polak},
title = {Choice of parking: stated preference approach},
year = 19991,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 18,
number = 1,
pages = {59--81},
keywords = {parking}
}
@PHDTHESIS{Bad94,
author = {Daniel A.~Badoe},
title = {An Investigation into the Long Range Transferability of
Work-Trip Discrete Mode Choice Models},
year = 1994,
school = {University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {transport modelling, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{BadMil95,
author = {Daniel A.~Badoe and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Analysis of Temporal Transferability of Disaggregate Work Trip
Mode Choice Models},
year = 1995,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1493,
pages = {1--11},
keywords = {transport modelling, canada},
abstract = {
An empirical study is presented of the long-range temporal
transferability properties within a fixed geographic area of
disaggregate logit models of work trip mode choice. The study
area is the greater Toronto area, Ontario, Canada. The two
temporal contexts are 1964 and 1986, with models estimated from
1964 data being used to predict 1986 travel choices. In
addition to the very long transfer period (which does not
appear to have been previously examined), a major
feature of this study is that a wide variety of model
specifications, ranging from the simplest possible market share
model to a complex market segmentation model, are tested to
investigate the relationship between model specification and
transferability. Major findings of the study include (a) as in
most transferability studies, model parameters are not
temporally stable; (b) pragmatically the transferred models
provide considerable useful information about application
context travel behavior; (c) in general, improved model
specification improves the extent of the model's
transferability; (d) an important exception to Point c is the
complex market segment model, which appears to be
``overspecified'' and, in the face of changing contextual factors
during the 22-year period predicts 1986 conditions quite
poorly; (e) Point c notwithstanding, simple level-of-service
models perform very well in terms of their spatially aggregate
predictions (which are often of primary practical importance to
planners); (f) the models that best fit the estimation
context (1964) data do not always transfer the best to 1986
conditions; and (g) ``transfer scaling'', in which modal utility
constants and scales are updated, can significantly improve
model transferability.
}
}
@ARTICLE{BadMil95b,
author = {Daniel A.~Badoe and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Comparison of Alternative Methods for Updating Disaggregate
Logit Mode Choice Models},
year = 1995,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1493,
pages = {90--100},
keywords = {transport modelling},
abstract = {
An empirical assessment of alternative methods of updating
disaggregate travel choice models so that their transferability
from the estimation context within which they were originally
developed to an application context (which differs from the
original estimation context geographically or
temporally, or both) is presented. The case study for
the empirical tests performed is a long-term temporal transfer
of work trip logit mode choice models estimated using 1964 data
for the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) to represent 1986 work trip
mode choice in the GTA. Three updating procedures that have
been previously presented in the literature are
examined (Bayesian updating, transfer scaling, and
combined transfer estimation), plus a fourth
new procedure, joint context estimation. All four
procedures assume that a ``small'' data set of observed
travel choices is available for the application
context, which can be used in the updating procedure.
The case study results indicate that the latter three
procedures all possess merit as potential updating
methods, with the choice among the three depending on
such items as model specification and application
context sample size. The results also indicate that if
the application context sample size exceeds 400 to 500
observations, then updating may provide little or no
improvement over simple estimation of an application
context model, especially if ``full'' model specification
is supported by the available data.
}
}
@ARTICLE{BadMil98,
author = {Daniel A.~Badoe and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {An automatic segmentation procedure for studying variations in
mode choice behavior},
year = 1998,
journal = {Journal of Advanced Transportation},
volume = 32,
number = 2,
pages = {190--215},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute},
abstract = {
Urban areas are very complex and heterogeneous in terms of their
population composition and activity systems. The transit system,
modal choices and service levels available to the population also
varies considerably across space and time. These similarities
and differences in choices and levels of explanatory variables
facing individual tripmakers have to be explicitly considered
in any study of transit behavior. The common practice has been
to include user attributes, in addition to the system
characteristics, in the modal utility functions to help capture
differences in choice behavior across individuals. However, it
could well be that the mode-choice behavior of a segment of the
population is fundamentally different from other segments of
the population. In view of this, some studies have applied
segmentation schemes to help identify the subgroups of
presumably different travel responses. Typically, such schemes
have been based on stratification of the population by a single
variable, chosen either based on a priori notions or one-way
cross tabulations. This paper develops analytical procedure
that simultaneously deals with level of service, socioeconomic
and spatial factors to determine the relative role each plays
in determining travel behavior. The procedure is applied to
data from the Toronto region to illustrate its use.
}
}
@ARTICLE{BadMil98b,
author = {Daniel A.~Badoe and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Modeling mode choice with data from two independent
cross-sectional surveys: an investigation},
year = 1998,
journal = {Transportation Planning and Technology},
volume = 21,
pages = {235--261},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling, ilute},
abstract = {
The prevailing practice in travel demand modelling is to estimate
disaggregate models of mode choice with data from the most
recent cross-sectional travel survey available on an urban area
for forecasting purposes. Very often, however, most urban areas
have available data from older cross-sectional surveys,
which are often entirely ignored in the modelling
effort. This paper explores the possibility of
pooling data from two independent cross-sectional
travel surveys on the same urban area for model
estimation and forecasting by applying a model
structure which allows for transfer-bias, referred
to as the joint context estimation procedure. This
procedure consists of joint, full information
maximum likelihood estimation of a related set of
logit choice models for the contexts which are
based on the following two assumptions: (1)
differences in model parameter values between
contexts are expressible in terms of differences
in the contexts' alternative-specific constants
and overall scale of the contexts' utility
functions; and (2) aside from these differences in
alternative-specific constants and scales, model
parameters are common across contexts. An
empirical case study is presented, involving the
use of two datasets, gathered 22 years apart (1964
and 1986) for the Greater Toronto Area
(GTA), to estimate morning peak period work trip
mode choice models. The estimated models are
applied in prediction tests on the 1964, 1986 and
a third independent data set, the 1991-data, also
collected in the GTA. The performance of the joint
context models is compared to that of an
independent model, estimated on the 1986 data
only. The results clearly demonstrate that joint
context estimation dominates the independent
1986-model in predictive performance. The paper
concludes by briefly discussing the possible
roles, which joint context estimation might play
in the development of improved transferability of
disaggregate choice models.
}
}
@ARTICLE{BadMil00,
author = {Daniel A.~Badoe and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Transportation land-use interaction: empirical findings in
{N}orth {A}merica, and their implications for modeling},
year = 2000,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 5,
number = 4,
pages = {235--263},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, land use transport link}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{BaeDemAlv95,
author = {C.~Baeijs and Y.~Demazeau and L.~Alvares},
title = {Application des syst{\`e}mes multi-agents {\`a} la
g{\'e}n{\'e}ralisation cartographique},
year = 1995,
booktitle = {Actes des 3{\`e}mes journ{\'e}es francophones sur
l'Intelligence Artificielle Distribu{\'e}e et les Syst{\`e}mes
Multi-Agents},
address = {Camb{\'e}ry, France},
keywords = {computer science}
}
@ARTICLE{Bae78,
author = {T.J.~Baerwald},
title = {The emergence of a new ``downtown.''},
year = 1978,
journal = {Geographical Review},
volume = 68,
pages = {308--318},
keywords = { urban form, land use transport link }
}
@ARTICLE{Bai02,
author = {R.~Bain},
title = {Improving the quality of city centre parking: will the
consumer pay?},
year = 2002,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 43,
number = 5,
pages = {175--179},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Baj83,
author = {Vladimir Bajic},
title = {The effects of a subway line on housing prices in
{M}etropolitan {T}oronto},
year = 1983,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 20,
number = 2,
pages = {147--158},
keywords = { transport planning, canada, land use transport link },
annote = {
Sounds interesting---looks at the impacts on real estate around the
Spadina line.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Bal96,
author = {Michael R.~Baltes},
title = {Factors Influencing Nondiscretionary Work Trips by Bicycle
Determined from 1990 {U.S.}~Census Metropolitan Statistical Area
Data},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1538,
pages = {96--101},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1538-013.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Ban96,
author = {Reza Banai},
title = {`Neotraditional' settlements and dimensions of performance},
year = 1996,
journal = {Environment and Planning B},
volume = 23,
pages = {177--190},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Ban89,
author = {David Banister},
title = {Congestion: market pricing for parking},
year = 1989,
journal = {Built Environment},
volume = 15,
number = {3/4},
pages = {251--256},
keywords = {parking, congestion pricing}
}
@ARTICLE{Ban94b,
author = {David Banister},
title = {Reducing the need to travel through planning},
year = 1994,
journal = {Town Planning Review},
volume = 65,
pages = {349--354},
keywords = {transport planning, transportation demand management}
}
@BOOK{BanBer01,
author = {David Banister and Joseph Berechman},
title = {Transport Investment and Economic Development},
year = 2001,
publisher = {E\&FN Spon},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban economics, finance}
}
@BOOK{BanMar99,
author = {David Banister and Stephen Marshall},
title = {Encouraging Travel Alternatives: Good Practice in Reducing
Travel},
year = 1999,
publisher = {The Stationery Office Books},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@BOOK{BanSteSteAkeDreNijSch00,
author = {David Banister and Dominic Stead and Peter Steen and Jonas
{\AA}kerman and Karl Dreborg and Peter Nijkamp and Ruggero
Schleicher-Tappeser},
title = {European Transport Policy and Sustainable Mobility},
publisher = {E\&FN Spon},
address = {London, UK},
year = 2000,
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{BanWatWoo97,
author = {David Banister and S.~Watson and C.~Wood},
title = {Sustainable cities: transport, energy and urban form},
year = 1997,
journal = {Environment and Planning B},
volume = 24,
number = 2,
pages = {125--143},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{BarKri05,
author = {Gary Barnes and Kevin J.~Krizek},
title = {Estimating Bicycle Demand},
year = 2005,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1939,
doi = {10.3141/1939-06},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{Bar03,
author = {Jonathan Barnett},
title = {Redesigning Cities: Principles, Practice, Implementation},
year = 2003,
publisher = {APA Planners Press},
address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Bar00,
author = {L.~Barr},
title = {Testing for the significance of induced highway travel demand
in metropolitan areas},
year = 2000,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1706,
pages = {1--8},
keywords = {induced travel, land use transport link}
}
@TECHREPORT{BSPUCLLD98,
author = {{Bartlett School of Planning} and {University College London}
and {Llewelyn-Davies Consultants}},
title = {The Use of Density in Urban Planning},
year = 1998,
month = JUN,
type = {Research Report},
number = {RES71},
isbn = {1-85112-071-8},
institution = {Department of the Environment, Transport and the
Regions},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form}
}
@TECHREPORT{BasReiLesThoTol02,
author = {L.~Basford and Stuart J.~Reid and T.~Lester and J.~Thomson
and A.~Tolmie},
title = {Driver's perceptions of cyclists},
year = 2002,
number = 549,
address = {London, UK},
institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://217.118.128.203/store/downloadreport.asp?id=2700},
abstract = {
This report describes research that examined the attitude and
behaviour of drivers towards cycle users. A range of
qualitative and quantitative research techniques was used,
including the use of virtual reality equipment to simulate
encounters between drivers and cyclists. Variations in driver
attitude and behaviour based on a number of factors, including
physical infrastructure and cyclists behaviour were examined.
The research also examined the effectiveness of two different
approaches to improving drivers' consideration of the needs of
cyclists. The report makes recommendations to improve driver
training, for the layout of roads and for future campaigns to
raise awareness of cyclists among drivers.
}
}
@ARTICLE{BatSkiSchBra97,
author = {J.~Bates and A.~Skinner and G.~Scholefield and R.~Bradley},
title = {Study of parking and traffic demand: {II}. A demand {T}raffic
{R}estraint {A}nalysis {M}odel ({TRAM})},
year = 1997,
month = MAR,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 38,
number = 3,
pages = {135--141},
keywords = {parking}
}
@INCOLLECTION{BatBoy86,
author = {D.F.~Batten and D.E.~Boyce},
title = {Spatial interaction, transportation, and interregional
commodity flow models},
editor = {P.~Nijkamp},
booktitle = {Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics},
volume = {1: Regional Economics},
year = 1986,
publisher = {North Holland},
address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
pages = {357--406},
keywords = {transport modelling, spatial modelling}
}
@BOOK{Bat05,
author = {Michael Batty},
title = {Cities and Complexity: Understanding Cities with Cellular
Automata, Agent-Based Models, and Fractals},
year = 2005,
month = OCT,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {urban form, agent-based modelling}
}
@TECHREPORT{Bat07,
author = {Michael Batty},
title = {Complexity in City Systems: Understanding, Evolution and
Design},
year = 2007,
type = {Working Paper},
number = {117},
institution = {Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College
London},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban form}
}
@BOOK{BauOat88,
author = {W.J.~Baumol and W.E.~Oates},
title = {The Theory of Environmental Policy},
edition = {2nd},
year = 1988,
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{BAEF90,
author = {Bay Area Economic Forum},
title = {Market-Based Solutions to the Transportation Crisis: Executive
Summary},
year = 1990,
address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
institution = {Bay Area Economic Forum},
keywords = {transportation demand management, parking}
}
@TECHREPORT{BCT89,
author = {{BC~Transit}},
title = {Sky{T}rain: A Catalyst for Development},
year = 1989,
month = APR,
address = {Vancouver, BC, USA},
institution = {BC~Transit},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{BecImm94,
author = {M.~Beck and L.~Immers},
title = {Bicycle Ownership and Use in {A}msterdam},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1441,
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Bec69,
author = {M.J.~Beckmann},
title = {On the distribution of urban rent and residential density},
year = 1969,
journal = {Journal of Economic Theory},
volume = 1,
pages = {60--67},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@BOOK{BecMcGWin56,
author = {M.J.~Beckmann and C.B.~Mc{G}uire and C.B.~Winston},
title = {Studies in the Economics of Transportation},
year = 1956,
publisher = {Yale University Press},
address = {New Haven, CI, USA},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{BecBagMcK96,
author = {Richard J.~Beckmann and Keith A.~Baggerly and Michael D.~Mc{K}ay},
title = {Creating Synthetic Baseline Populations},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 30,
number = 6,
pages = {415--435},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport modelling, population synthesis}
}
@BOOK{Bel91,
author = {R.~Bellah},
title = {The good society},
year = 199,
publisher = {Knopf},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {sociology}
}
@BOOK{BelEtc85,
author = {R.~{Bellah et al.}},
title = {Habits of the heart: individualism and commitment in
{A}merican life},
year = 1985,
publisher = {University of California Press},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
keywords = {sociology}
}
@ARTICLE{Ben74,
author = {Moshe E.~Ben-Akiva},
title = {Structure of Passenger Travel Demand Models},
year = 1974,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 526,
annote = {
Common reference of Miller's, used to justify prominence of
auto ownership in models.
},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@BOOK{BenLer85,
author = {Moshe E.~Ben-Akiva and Steven R.~Lerman},
title = {Discrete Choice Analysis: Theory and Application to Travel
Demand},
year = 1985,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {discrete choice modelling, transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Ben95,
author = {Eran Ben-Joseph},
title = {Changing the Residential Street Scene: Adapting the Shared
Street (Woonerf) Concept to the Suburban Environment},
year = 1995,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 61,
number = 4,
pages = {504--515},
keywords = {urban planning, streets, street design, pedestrian planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Ber98,
author = {Lance Berelowitz},
title = {Reinventing {V}ancouver's Waterfront, Projects for a New
Urban Mythology},
year = 1998,
journal = {Bauwelt},
volume = 89,
number = 12,
pages = {600--605},
note = {in German; author's original in English},
keywords = {sociology, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{Ber96,
author = {M.A.~Berman},
title = {The transportation effects of neo-traditional development},
year = 1996,
journal = {Journal of Planning Literature},
volume = 10,
number = 4,
pages = {347--363},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Ber99,
author = {Inger Marie Bernhoft},
title = {In depth interviews with road users in cyclist accidents},
year = 1999,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Bicycle Planning
Conference},
pages = {63--67},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle collisions},
address = {Graz, Austria and Maribor, Slovenia}
}
@TECHREPORT{BeiPue03,
author = {Edward Beimborn and Robert Puentes},
title = {Highways and Transit: Leveling the Playing Field in Federal
Transportation Policy},
year = 2003,
month = DEC,
institution = { The Brookings Institution },
series = {Series on Transportation Reform},
keywords = {finance, transit}
}
@ARTICLE{BerPaa05,
author = {Joseph Berechman and R.E.~Paaswell},
title = {Evaluation, Prioritization and Selection of Transportation
Investment Projects in {N}ew {Y}ork {C}ity},
year = 2005,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 32,
number = 3,
pages = {223--249},
abstract = {
This article reports on a methodological framework undertaken by
the authors to help the stakeholders in The Partnership of the
City of NY to understand a group of significant transportation
capital investment projects and to provide a means to
discriminate among them. The authors' major objects was to
inform these stakeholders how to make rational and systematic
choices based on economic and transportation grounds, in an
environment where appropriate data is lacking, no
comprehensive regional transportation plan or objectives are
defined, and the decision-making environment is highly
fragmented. After the authors define the problem, they discuss
details of the analysis, including the methodology used, the
data sources, and the cost-benefit models. The authors then
introduce the Goals Achievement Matrix for the selection and
prioritization of projects. The final selections discuss key
results and consider specific and general policy implications.
Out of the sizeable number of large-scale transportation
investment projects that have been proposed for New York City,
eight were selected for close scrutiny and assessment. The authors
briefly discuss the top three: the Fulton Transit Center and
permanent PATH station, the Penn Station/Farley Post Office,
and the Number 7 Subway Extension. These projects scored highest
on both transportation benefits and economic development
benefits scales.
},
annote = {
I attended a talk given the author, which seems to have focused on
the content of this paper.
},
keywords = {prioritisation, finance, transit}
}
@ARTICLE{BerWil90,
author = {J.~Bergdall and R.~Williams},
title = {Perception of Density},
year = 1990,
journal = {Berkeley Planning Journal},
volume = 5,
pages = {15--38},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form, urban design}
}
@ARTICLE{BerMag03,
author = {A.~Bergstr\"{o}m and R.~Magnusson},
title = {Potential of transferring car trips to bicycle during winter},
year = 2003,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 37,
pages = {649--666},
abstract = {
In this Swedish study, the attitudes towards cycling during winter
in general, and in relation to winter maintenance of cycleways in
particular, is examined. Questionnaires were answered by a thousand
employees at four major companies in two Swedish cities. There was
a clear difference in mode choice between seasons. The number of
car trips increased by 27\% from summer to winter while the number
of bicycle trips decreased by 47\%. The number of car trips
increased with distance while the number of bicycle trips
decreased, and the decrease was even more significant in winter
than in summer. There was a difference in opinion between different
categories of cyclists, on what factors influenced the choice of
transport mode for the journey to work. Temperature, precipitation,
and road condition were the most important factors to those who
cycled to work in summer but not in winter. Exercise was the most
important to those who cycled frequently in winter, and travel time
the most important to those who never cycled to work. By improving
winter maintenance service levels on cycleways, it might be
possible to increase the number of bicycle trips during winter by
18\%, representing a corresponding decrease in the number of car
trips of 6\%. To increase cycling during winter, snow clearance was
found to be the most important maintenance measure. Skid control
was not considered as important for the choice of mode, although
important to attend to for safety reasons.
},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle safety}
}
@ARTICLE{BerCon00,
author = {P.R.~Berke and M.M.~Conroy},
title = {Are we planning for sustainable development? {A}n evaluation
of 30 comprehensive plans},
year = 2000,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Assocation},
volume = 66,
pages = {21--33},
keywords = {smart growth, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{BerGalMilWol87,
author = {M.K.~Berkowitz and N.T.~Gallini and Eric J.~Miller and
R.A.~Wolfe},
title = {Forecasting Vehicle Holdings and Usage with a Disaggregate
Choice Model},
year = 1987,
journal = {Journal of Forecasting},
volume = 6,
number = 4,
pages = {249--269},
keywords = {vehicle ownership, discrete choice modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{BerGalMilWol90,
author = {M.K.~Berkowitz and N.T.~Gallini and Eric J.~Miller and
R.A.~Wolfe},
title = {Disaggregate Analysis of the Demand for Gasoline},
year = 1990,
month = MAY,
journal = {Canadian Journal of Economics},
volume = 23,
number = 2,
pages = {253--275},
keywords = {energy}
}
@BOOK{BerCer97,
author = {M.~Bernick and Robert Cervero},
title = {Transit villages in the 21st century},
year = 1997,
publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {transit, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{BerleCKap05,
author = {Luca Bertolini and Frank {le Clercq} and L.~Kapoen},
title = {Sustainable accessibility: a conceptual framework to integrate
transport and land use plan-making. Two test-applications in the
{N}etherlands and a reflection on the way forward},
journal = {Transport Policy},
year = 2005,
volume = 12,
number = 3,
pages = {207--220},
keywords = {accessibility, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{BerSal03,
author = {Luca Bertolini and Willem Salet},
title = {Planning Concepts for Cities in Transition: Regionalization of
Urbanity in the {A}msterdam Structure Plan},
journal = {Journal of Planning Theory and Practice},
year = 2003,
month = JUN,
volume = 4,
number = 2,
pages = {131--146},
abstract = {
'Opting for urbanity' is the main thread running through the Amsterdam
structure plan currently under preparation. But what is 'urbanity'? How
is it emerging in a multi-centred region? What spatial planning
implications does it entail? These questions were at the outset of a
research study commissioned by the municipality of Amsterdam to the
Amsterdam study centre for the Metropolitan Environment (AME) and
summarized in this article. There are two main conclusions. The first
is that traditional inside out development strategies--accommodating
the expansion of a single core and its periphery--must be substituted
by outside in development strategies, seeking to achieve a new synergy
among different sub-centres and places at the urban-regional level. The
second is that new sub-centres will have to be developed as real
centres of urbanity instead of as mono-functional islands, as currently
still the case. In order to implement these strategies the municipality
needs to enter coalitions with a variety of public and private actors,
spanning different spatial scales and policy sectors.
},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{BetGreKas80,
author = {D.~Betson and D.~Greenberg and R.~Kasten},
title = {A microsimulation model for analyzing alternative welfare
reform proposals: an application to the Program for Better Jobs and
Income},
year = 1980,
editor = {R.H.~Havemann and K.~Hollenbeck},
booktitle = {Microeconomic Simulation Models for Public Policy
Analysis},
volume = 1,
publisher = {Academic Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@ARTICLE{Bha98,
author = {Chandra R.~Bhat},
title = {Analysis of travel mode and departure time choice for urban
shopping trips},
year = 1998,
month = AUG,
journal = {Transportation Research B},
volume = 32,
number = 6,
pages = {361--371},
keywords = {mode choice, shopping}
}
@ARTICLE{BhaHig92,
author = {Kiran U.~Bhatta and Thomas J.~Higgins},
title = {Road and Parking Pricing: Issues and Research Needs},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1346,
pages = {68--73},
keywords = {congestion pricing, parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Bla99,
author = {J.~Blake},
title = {Car parking bombshell},
year = 1999,
month = FEB,
journal = {Town and Country Planning},
volume = 68,
number = 2,
keywords = {parking},
annote = {
Apparently about the DETR report on parking standards for the
southeast.
}
}
@BOOK{Bla77,
author = {P.~Blake},
title = {Form Follows Fiasco: Why Modern Architecture Hasn't Worked},
year = 1977,
publisher = {Little, Brown},
address = {Boston, MA, USA},
keywords = {architecture}
}
@ARTICLE{BloSut99,
author = {S.~Blore and J.~Sutherland},
title = {Building {S}mileyville},
year = 1999,
journal = {Vancouver Magazine},
volume = 32,
number = 9,
pages = {48--58, 105},
keywords = {sociology, canada}
}
@BOOK{Blu67,
author = {Hans Blumenfeld},
title = {The modern metropolis: its origins, growth, characteristics
and planning},
year = 1967,
publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {history, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Blu83,
author = {Hans Blumenfeld},
title = {Metropolis extended},
year = 1983,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 52,
number = 3,
pages = {346--348},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Boa98,
author = {Marlon G.~Boarnet},
title = {Spillovers and locational effect of public infrastructure},
year = 1998,
journal = {Journal of Regional Science},
volume = 38,
number = 3,
pages = {381--400},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{BoaCha01,
author = {Marlon G.~Boarnet and S.~Chalermpong},
title = {New highways, house prices, and urban development: a case
study of toll roads in {O}range {C}ounty, {CA}},
year = 2001,
journal = {Housing Policy Debate},
volume = 12,
number = 3,
pages = {575--605},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link}
}
@BOOK{BoaCra01,
author = {Marlon G.~Boarnet and Randall Crane},
title = {Travel by design: the influence of urban form on travel},
year = 2001,
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling, urban planning, land use transport link},
annote = {
The chapter I've read (2) was a fairly technical look at modelling
the impacts of land use changes on travel demand.
}
}
@ARTICLE{BoaCra01b,
author = {Marlon G.~Boarnet and Randall Crane},
title = {The influence of land use on travel behavior: empirical
strategies},
year = 2001,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 35,
pages = {823--845},
keywords = {land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{BoaSar98,
author = {Marlon G.~Boarnet and S.~Sarmiento},
title = {Can land-use policy really affect travel behavior: a study of
the link between non-work travel and land-use characteristics},
year = 1998,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 35,
pages = {1155--1169},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban form, transport planning, urban planning }
}
@ARTICLE{BolIhl97,
author = {C.~Bollinger and K.~Ihlandfeldt},
title = {The impact of rapid rail transit on economic development: the
case of {A}tlanta's {MARTA}},
year = 1997,
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
volume = 42,
pages = {179--204},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Bon96b,
author = {Shaun Boney},
title = {Car parks: good, bad or just ugly?},
year = 1996,
month = DEC,
journal = {Town and Country Planning},
volume = 65,
number = 6,
keywords = {parking}
}
@TECHREPORT{BonSta93,
author = {J.~Bonsall and R.~Stacey},
title = {A Rapid Transit Strategy into the Next Century},
year = 1993,
institution = {OC Transpo},
address = {Ottawa, ON, Canada},
type = {Mimeo},
keywords = { canada, transit, transport planning }
}
@ARTICLE{Bon96,
author = {P.~Bonsall},
title = {Can induced traffic be measured by surveys?},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 23,
pages = {17--34},
keywords = {induced travel, land use transport link}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Bon00,
author = {Marco Bontje},
title = {The network city: a realistic planning concept? {R}ecent trends
in daily mobility and their possible planning implications in the
{N}etherlands},
year = 2000,
booktitle = {IFHP 2000 Rotterdam: Urban Networks, Towards a New
Planning Perspective},
pages = {168--172},
url = {http://members.chello.nl/smetaal/ufm.htm},
keywords = {urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{BooWen88,
author = {L.~Bookout and J.~Wentling},
title = {Density by Design},
journal = {Urban Land},
volume = 47,
year = 1988,
pages = {10--15},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form, urban design}
}
@ARTICLE{Bot95,
author = {H.~Botma},
title = {Method to determine level of service for bicycle paths and
pedestrian-bicycle paths},
year = 1995,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1502,
pages = {38--44},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Bou91,
author = {Larry S.~Bourne},
title = {Recycling urban systems and metropolitan areas: a geographical
agenda for the 1990s and beyond},
year = 1991,
journal = {Economic Geography},
volume = 67,
pages = {185--209},
keywords = {geography, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Bou92,
author = {Larry S.~Bourne},
title = {Self-fulfilling prophecies? Decentralization, inner city
decline, and the quality of urban life},
year = 1992,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 58,
number = 4,
pages = {509--513},
keywords = {urban planning, geography}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Bou00,
author = {M.E.~Bouwman},
title = {Changing mobility patterns in a compact city: Environmental
impacts},
year = 2000,
booktitle = {Compact Cities and Sustainable Urban Development: A
critical assessment of policies and plans from an international
perspective},
editor = {G.~{de Roo} and D.~Miller},
publisher = {Ashgate},
address = {Aldershot, UK},
keywords = {urban form, energy, transport planning, land use transport link},
annote = {
Allegedly finds very little differences in energy use across a
range of spatial settings in the Netherlands.
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{BovOrfZum93,
author = {P.~Bovy and J.~Orfeuil and D.~Zumkeller},
title = {Europe: A Heterogenous Single Market},
year = 1993,
booktitle = {A Billion Trips a Day},
editor = {I.~{Salomon et al.}},
publisher = {Kluwer},
address = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{BovBra85,
author = {Piet H.L.~Bovy and Mark A.~Bradley},
title = {Route Choice Analyzed with Stated-Preference Approaches},
year = 1985,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1037,
keywords = {route choice, transport modelling, bicycle planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Boy76,
author = {D.~Boyce},
title = {Impact of Rapid Transit on Residential Property Sales Prices},
year = 1976,
booktitle = {Space Location and Regional Development},
editor = {M.~Chatterjee},
pages = {145--153},
publisher = {Pion},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning, transit, urban planning, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{Boy84,
author = {D.E.~Boyce},
title = {Urban Transportation Network-Equilibrium and Design Models:
recent achievements and future prospects},
year = 1984,
journal = {Environment and Planning A},
volume = 16,
pages = {1445--1474},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@TECHREPORT{BraLudThi91,
author = {T.~Bracher and H.~Luda and H.-J.~Thiemann},
title = {Zusammenfassende {A}uswertung von {F}orschungsergebnissen zum
{R}adverkehr in der {S}tadt},
year = 1991,
address = {Band A7, Bergisch Gladbach/Berlin/Bonn, Germany},
institution = {Forschung Stadtverkehr, Bundesministerium f{\"u}r
{V}erkehr (Federal Ministry of Traffic)},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{BraDowSma82,
author = {Katherine L.~Bradbury and Anthony Downs and Kenneth
A.~Small},
title = {Urban Decline and the Future of {A}merican Cities},
year = 1982,
publisher = {The Brookings Institution},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@BOOK{BraKel96,
author = {L.~Branscomb and J.~Keller},
title = {Converging Infrastructures: Intelligent Transportation and the
National Information Infrastructure},
year = 1996,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Bra99,
author = {Stefan Bratzel},
title = {Conditions of success in sustainable urban transport policy:
policy change in `relatively successful' {E}uropean cities},
year = 1999,
journal = {Transport Reviews},
volume = 19,
number = 2,
pages = {177--190},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Bre91,
author = {Michael J.~Breheney},
title = {Contradictions of the Compact City},
year = 1991,
journal = {Town and Country Planning},
volume = 60,
pages = 21,
keywords = {urban planning, urban form}
}
@BOOK{Bre92,
author = {Michael J.~Breheney},
title = {Sustainable Development and Urban Form},
year = 1992,
publisher = {Pion},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban form, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Bre96,
author = {Michael J.~Breheney},
title = {Counterurbanisation and sustainable urban forms},
booktitle = {Cities in Competition: The Emergence of Productive and
Sustainable Cities for the 21st Century},
editor = {J.~Brotchie and M.~Batty and P.~Hall and P.~Newton},
publisher = {Longman Cheshire},
address = {Melbourne, Australia},
year = 1996,
pages = {402--429},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Bre96b,
author = {Michael J.~Breheney},
title = {Centrists, Decentrists and Compromisers: Views on the Future
of Urban Form},
year = 1996,
booktitle = {The Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Form?},
editor = {Mike Jenks and Elizabeth Burton and Katie Williams},
publisher = {E\&FN Spon},
address = {London, UK},
pages = {13--35},
keywords = {urban form, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Bri92,
author = {Ray E.~Brindle},
title = {{T}oronto---paradigm lost?},
year = 1992,
journal = {Australian Planner},
volume = 30,
number = 3,
pages = {123--130},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{Bri03b,
author = {Ray E.~Brindle},
title = {Kicking the habit (part 2): what are the real options for
reducing `car dependence'?},
year = 2003,
month = DEC,
journal = {Road and Transport Research},
volume = 12,
number = 4,
pages = {34--40},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Bro82,
author = {Werner Br{\"o}g},
title = {The acceptance of policies to encourage cycling},
year = 1982,
publisher = {Transportation Research Board},
booktitle = {Socialdata},
address = {Muenchen, Germany},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{BroErlFunJam99,
author = {Werner Br{\"o}g and E.~Erl and S.~Funke and B.~James},
title = {Behaviour Change and Sustainability from Individualised
Marketing},
year = 1999,
month = SEP,
booktitle = {Proceedings of 24th {ATRF} {C}onference},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{BroMarvanOmm04,
author = {Aleid E.~Brouwer and Ilaria Mariotti and van Ommeren, Jos N.},
title = {The firm relocation decision: An empirical investigation},
year = 2004,
journal = {The Annals of Regional Science},
volume = 38,
number = 2,
pages = {335--347},
doi = {10.1007/s00168-004-0198-5},
issn = {0570-1864},
keywords = {firm behaviour, demography of firms, location choice}
}
@ARTICLE{BroLam72,
author = {S.A.~Brown and Thomas A.~Lambe},
title = {Parking Prices in the {C}entral {B}usiness {D}istrict},
year = 1972,
journal = {Socio-Economic Planning Sciences},
volume = 6,
pages = {133--144},
keywords = {parking, canada}
}
@BOOK{Bru05,
author = {Robert Bruegmann},
title = {Sprawl: a compact history},
year = 2005,
publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
keywords = {urban form},
priority = 1,
annote = {
From the one chapter I've read (10), this doesn't seem like a very
worthwhile text. The rhetoric was quite extreme, and the
perspective was 100\% libertarian. Most importantly, his
argumentation was quite weak, and he relied upon quite a bit of
rhetorical sleight of hand to ``prove'' his points.
}
}
@ARTICLE{BruFitGasKatHam87,
author = {R.~Brunner and J.~Fitch and J.~Gassia and L.~Kathlene and
K.~Hammond},
title = {Improving Data Utilization: The Case-Wise Alternative},
year = 1987,
journal = {Policy Sciences},
volume = 20,
number = 4,
pages = {365--395},
keywords = {methodology}
}
@ARTICLE{BruVuc95,
author = {Eric C.~Bruun and Vukan R.~Vuchic},
title = {Time-area concept: Development, meaning and applications},
year = 1995,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1499,
pages = {95--104},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{BruVucShi99,
author = {Eric C.~Bruun and Vukan R.~Vuchic and Yong-Eun Shin},
title = {Time-distance diagrams: A powerful tool for service planning
and control},
year = 1999,
journal = {Journal of Public Transportation},
volume = 2,
number = 2,
keywords = {transport planning, transit}
}
@TECHREPORT{BrySav97,
author = {K.~Bryan-{B}rown and T.~Savill},
title = {Cycle theft in {G}reat {B}ritain},
year = 1997,
number = 284,
address = {London, UK},
institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
abstract = {
This report presents a summary of international literature on pedal
cycle theft, cycle theft statistics for Great Britain and the
results of a survey of victims of bicycle theft in Great Britain.
The 1996 British Crime Survey estimated that there were 660,000
incidences of pedal cycle theft during 1995 in England and Wales,
of which only 28\% were reported to, and recorded by, the Police. The
Scottish Crime Survey estimated that there were 26,000 bicycles
stolen during 1993, representing a rise of 53\% on the 1986 figures.
A survey of bicycle theft victims was conducted in December 1996
and January 1997. Topics covered include attitudes towards bicycle
theft and how theft and the threat of them affect cycling
behaviour. These are compared with response from a control sample
of cyclists who have never experienced theft. Results from the
survey are compared with British Crime Survey findings.
}
}
@BOOK{Buc58,
author = {Colin D.~Buchanan},
title = {Mixed Blessing: The Motor in {B}ritain},
year = 1958,
publisher = {Leonard Hill},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {transport planning, history}
}
@INCOLLECTION{BunFil96,
author = {Trudi Bunting and Pierre Filion},
title = {The dispersed city: its spatial and temporal dynamics},
pages = {9--54},
editor = {Pierre Filion and Trudi Bunting and K.~Curtis},
booktitle = {The Dynamics of the Dispersed City: Geographic and Planning
Perspective on {W}aterloo {R}egion},
year = 1996,
series = {Department of Geography Publication Series},
volume = 47,
publisher = {University of Waterloo},
address = {Waterloo, ON, Canada},
keywords = {urban planning, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{BunFil99,
author = {Trudi Bunting and Pierre Filion},
title = {Dispersed City Form in {C}anada: A {K}itchener {CMA} Case
Study},
year = 1999,
journal = {The Canadian Geographer},
volume = 43,
pages = {268--287},
keywords = {canada, urban planning}
}
@BOOK{BunFil00,
editor = {Trudi Bunting and Pierre Filion},
title = {{C}anadian Cities in Transition: The Twenty-First Century},
edition = {2nd},
year = 2000,
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
keywords = {canada, urban planning, geography, transport planning, history, urban economics}
}
@ARTICLE{BunFilPri02,
author = {Trudi Bunting and Pierre Filion and H.~Priston},
title = {Density Gradients in {C}anadian Metropolititan Regions,
1971--96: Differential Patterns of Central Area and Suburban Growth and
Change},
year = 2002,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 39,
number = 13,
pages = {2531--2552},
abstract = {
This paper demonstrates that over the 25-year period, 1971-96, the
majority of Canadian cities have undergone transition towards an
increasingly decentralised urban form. The trends, however, are quite
diverse, pointing to fundamental differences in the respective
importance of growth in central and outer parts of the metropolitan
area. On the whole, the relatively high densities observed in Canadian
central cities, in comparison with US ones, appear to reflect residual
centralisation rather than continued growth in metropolitan regions'
innermost parts. Only Vancouver, and to a lesser extent Toronto and
Victoria, exhibit indisputable evidence of post-1971 central-area
growth. The predominant trend has been towards suburban-style,
low-density expansion, albeit with considerable intercity variation
regarding changes in central-area and suburban density. Findings
presented here point to previously unidentified trends towards
recentralisation in a few CMAs and, in about half of the surveyed
metropolitan areas, densification of suburban tracts.
},
keywords = {canada, urban planning, urban form }
}
@ARTICLE{BurGueMatPumSan96,
author = {S.~Bura and F.~Gu{\'e}rin and H.~Mathian and D.~Pumain and
L.~Sanders},
title = {Multi-agent systems and the dynamics of a settlement system},
year = 1996,
journal = {Geographical analysis},
volume = 28,
number = 2,
pages = {161--178},
keywords = {computer science, spatial modelling}
}
@BOOK{BurDowMuk05,
author = {Robert Burchell and Anthony Downs and Sahan Mukherji},
title = {Sprawl Costs: Economic Impacts of Unchecked Development},
year = 2005,
publisher = {Island Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{BurLowDolGalDowSesStiMoo02,
author = {Robert Burchell and George Lowenstein and William R.~Dolphin
and Catherine C.~Galley and Anthony Downs and Samuel Seskin and
Katherine Gray Still and Terry Moore},
title = {Costs of Sprawl 2000},
type = {Report},
number = 74,
institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation
Research Board},
year = 2002,
publisher = {National Academy Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban form, urban planning},
url = {http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_74-a.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{BurShaLisPhiDowSesDavMooHelGal98,
author = {Robert Burchell and Naveed A.~Shad and David Listokin
and Hilary Phillips and Anthony Downs and Samuel Seskin and
Judy S.~Davis and Terry Moore and David Helton and Michelle Gall},
title = {Costs of Sprawl Revisited},
type = {Report},
number = 39,
institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation
Research Board},
year = 1998,
publisher = {National Academy Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban form, urban planning},
url = {http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_39-a.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{BurAde83,
author = {Peter J.~Burt and Edward H.~Adelson},
title = {The {L}aplacian {P}yramid as a Compact Image Code},
year = 1983,
month = APR,
journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Communications},
pages = {532--540},
keywords = {computer science}
}
@ARTICLE{Bur00,
author = {Elizabeth Burton},
title = {The compact city: Just or just compact? {A} preliminary analysis},
year = 2000,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 37,
number = 11,
pages = {1969--2001},
priority = 5,
keywords = {equity, urban form}
}
@TECHREPORT{But00,
author = {Patrick Butler},
title = {Why The Standard Automobile Insurance Market Breaks Down In
Low Income Zip Codes: A per-mile analysis of {T}exas auto insurance
based on testimony before the {T}exas {H}ouse {C}ommittee on
{I}nsurance April 6 and 13, 1999},
year = 2000,
number = 633,
month = JUL,
institution = {Cents Per Mile Now},
abstract = {
The Texas legislature relied on this analysis of zip-code pricing
(red lining) and uninsured cars in passing the ``cents-per-mile
choice'' law to cure these and other maladies produced by fixed
annual rates per-car. As introduced, the legislation drafted to
NOW's specifications made the cents-per-mile option a
``mandatory offer'' to all customers by all companies after a two
year phase-in period. As passed, the law makes offering
cents-per-mile rates as an alternative to annual rates per car
voluntary for companies. Consumers need to demand that
companies take the cure: measure the miles of protection they
sell for the customers who want it.
},
keywords = {transportation demand management, insurance},
url = {http://centspermilenow.org/publicat.htm}
}
@TECHREPORT{CaiPra95,
author = {E.~Caindec and P.~Prastacos},
title = {Update of the {POLIS} Land-use Transportation Models},
year = 1995,
type = {Working Paper},
institution = {Assocation of Bay Area Governments},
address = {Oakland, CA, USA},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Cai01,
author = {Sally Cairns},
title = {Going Further with Cycling},
year = 2001,
month = {July/August},
journal = {Town and Country Planning},
volume = 70,
number = {7/8},
pages = 197,
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Cai03,
author = {Sally Cairns},
title = {Cycle Gains},
year = 2003,
month = SEP,
journal = {Town and Country Planning},
volume = 72,
number = 8,
pages = {230--233},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{CaiSloNewAnaKirGoo04,
author = {Sally Cairns and L.~Sloman and C.~Newson and J.~Anable and
A.~Kirkbride and Phil Goodwin},
title = {Smarter Choices---Changing the Way We Travel},
year = 2004,
institution = {Department for Transport},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {transportation demand management}
}
@BOOK{CalKei96,
author = {S.~Caldwell and L.A.~Keister},
title = {Wealth in {A}merica: family stock ownership and accumulation
1960--1995},
year = 1996,
series = {European Research in Regional Science},
volume = 6,
publisher = {Pion},
address = {London, UK},
pages = {88--116},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@BOOK{Cal93,
author = {Peter G.~Calthorpe},
title = {The Next {A}merican Metropolis: Ecology, Community and the
{A}merican Dream},
year = 1993,
publisher = {Harper \& Row},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
priority = 5,
keywords = {urban planning, new urbanism, transit-oriented development}
}
@BOOK{CalFul01,
author = {Peter G.~Calthorpe and William B.~Fulton},
title = {The Regional City: Planning for the End of Sprawl},
year = 2001,
publisher = {Island Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {urban planning, new urbanism}
}
@TECHREPORT{Cal02,
author = {Edward Calthrop},
title = {Evaluating on-street parking policy},
year = 2002,
institution = {Katholieke Universiteit Leuven},
type = {Working Paper},
number = {2002-03},
keywords = {urban economics, congestion pricing, parking},
url = {http://weblog.kuleuven.be/dlcount.php?id=ete\&url=http://www.econ.kuleuven.be/ete/downloads/ete-wp02-03.pdf},
abstract = {
This paper uses a formal model to examine the welfare gains from a
marginal increase in the price of on-street parking. The
benefits of such a policy are shown to depend on the
improvement in search externalities in the on-street parking
market itself, plus effects on other distorted urban transport
markets, including congested freeway and backroad use,
mass-transit and off-street parking. The paper makes two further
contributions. The model is sufficiently general that several
well-known results from the parking literature emerge as
special cases. The model is used to review the existing
literature and highlights findings in separate parts of
literature. Finally, a numerical simulation model is used to
investigate the order of magnitude of an optimal urban parking
fee. In particular, these results confirm the importance of
taking into accounts effects on other distorted transport
markets when deciding upon the level of the price for on-street
parking. The model confirms that while parking pricing reform
may lead to substantial improvements in parking search times,
there is little overall impact on road congestion levels.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{CalPro02,
author = {Edward Calthrop and Stef Proost},
title = {Regulating on-street parking},
year = 2002,
institution = {Katholieke Universiteit Leuven},
type = {Working Paper},
number = {2002-02},
keywords = {urban economics, congestion pricing, parking},
url = {http://weblog.kuleuven.be/dlcount.php?id=ete\&url=http://www.econ.kuleuven.be/ete/downloads/ete-wp02-02.pdf},
abstract = {
Consider the choices available to a shopper driving to a city and
trying to park downtown. One option, typical to many cities, is
to follow the signposts to an off-street parking facility,
which is often privately operated. Another option is to search for
an on-street spot. If this proves unsuccessful, it is always
possible to return to the off-street facility. We formalise
such a setting and examine optimal on-street parking policy in
the presence of an off-street market. Not surprisingly, the
amount of socially-wasteful searching behaviour is shown to
depend on the prices of both the off- and on-street market. If
the off-street market is run competitively, optimal on-street
policy reduces to a simple and attractive rule: set the
on-street price equal to the resource cost of off-street
parking supply. Other pricing rules result in either excessive
searching behaviour or excessive off-street investment costs.
Time restrictions - a common alternative to on-street fees -
are also shown to be inefficient. In practice, however,
off-street markets are unlikely to be competitive. We examine the
case of a single off-street supplier playing as a Stackelberg
follower to the government regulated on-street market. Based on
a numerical example (calibrated to London), optimal on-street
policy is shown to either involve setting a relatively high
on-street price, such that the monopolist is induced to
undercut and gain the entire parking demand, or setting a
relatively low price, while the monopolist maximises profit on
the residual demand curve. Which strategy is optimal is shown
to be parameter dependent.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{CalPro04,
author = {Edward Calthrop and Stef Proost},
title = {Regulating on-street parking},
year = 2004,
institution = {Katholieke Universiteit Leuven},
type = {Working Paper},
number = {2004-10},
keywords = {urban economics, congestion pricing, parking},
url = {http://weblog.kuleuven.be/dlcount.php?id=ete\&url=http://www.econ.kuleuven.be/ete/downloads/ETE-WP-2004-10.PDF},
abstract = {
Consider a shopper or tourist driving downtown and trying to park.
Two strategies are usually available: either park at a private
off-street facility or search for a cheaper on-street spot. We
formalise such a setting and use the model to study optimal
government regulation of the on-street parking market. It is
shown that the optimal on-street fee equals the marginal cost
of off-street supply at the optimal quantity. If the off-street
market is supplied under constant returns to scale, this
provides a particular simple operational rule: the price on
street should match that off street. We also extend the model
to consider maximum length of stay restrictions and
non-competitive private supply. A numerical model, calibrated
to central London, investigates the magnitude of an optimal
fee.
}
}
@ARTICLE{CalProvan00,
author = {Edward Calthrop and Stef Proost and Kurt {van Dender}},
title = {Parking Policies and Road Pricing},
year = 2000,
journal = {Urban Policy},
volume = 37,
number = 1,
pages = {63--76},
keywords = {parking, congestion pricing}
}
@INCOLLECTION{CamCapNij99,
author = {R.~Camagni and R.~Capello and P.~Nijkamp},
title = {New governance principles for sustainable urban transport},
editor = {R.~Camagni and R.~Capello and P.~Nijkamp},
booktitle = {New Contributions to Transportation Analysis in {E}urope},
year = 1999,
pages = {213--250},
publisher = {Ashgate},
address = {Brookfield, VT, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, governance}
}
@ARTICLE{CamHarKeh01,
author = {I.C.~Cameron and N.J.~Harris and N.J.~Kehoe},
title = {Tram-related injuries in {S}heffield},
year = 2001,
month = MAY,
journal = {Injury},
volume = 32,
number = 4,
pages = {275--277},
keywords = {transit, bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{CamKenLyo03,
author = {I.~Cameron and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and T.J.~Lyons},
title = {Understanding and Predicting Private Motorised Urban
Mobility},
year = 2003,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 8,
pages = {267--283},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{CamLyoKen04,
author = {I.~Cameron and T.J.~Lyons and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Trends in vehicle kilometers of travel in world cities,
1960--1990: underlying drivers and policy responses},
year = 2004,
month = JUL,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 11,
number = 3,
pages = {287--298},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{CIPGFG04,
author = {{Canadian Institute of Planners} and {Go For Green}},
title = {Community Cycling Manual: A Planning and Design Guide},
year = 2004,
month = JUN,
institution = {Go For Green},
address = {Ottawa, ON, Canada},
url = {http://www.goforgreen.ca/at/Eng/PDF/CommunityCyclingManual-June2004.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning, canada}
}
@TECHREPORT{Can04,
author = {Jeffrey J.~Cantos},
title = {Parking Strategies and Affordable Housing: An Efficient and
Equitable Approach},
year = 2004,
institution = {School of Planning, University of Toronto},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {canada, parking},
url = {http://www.geog.utoronto.ca/programs/planning/planning\%20new/recentwork/2003/CIP/parkingstrategiespdf.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Car04,
author = {Matthew Carmona},
title = {Road to Nowhere: Urban Design, Highway Engineers, and the
Design of Cycle Lanes},
year = 2004,
journal = {Town and Country Planning},
volume = 73,
number = 1,
month = JAN,
pages = 31,
keywords = {bicycle planning, streets, urban design}
}
@ARTICLE{CarHogWelMil07,
author = {Juan A.~Carrasco and B.~Hogan and B.~Wellmand and Eric
J.~Miller},
title = {Collecting Social Network Data to Study Social Activity-Travel
Behavior: An Egocentric Approach},
year = 2007,
journal = {Environment and Planning B},
volume = {forthcoming},
keywords = { transport modelling }
}
@ARTICLE{CarMil06,
author = {Juan A.~Carrasco and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Exploring the Propensity to perform social activities: A
social network approach},
year = 2006,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 33,
pages = {463--480},
keywords = { transport modelling }
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{CarMilWel06,
author = {Juan A.~Carrasco and Eric J.~Miller and B.~Wellman},
title = {The Interaction Between Spatial and Social Networks: The Case
of Social Activity-Travel},
year = 2006,
month = AUG,
booktitle = {Presented at the 11th International Association for Travel
Behaviour Research Conference},
address = {Kyoto, Japan},
keywords = {travel behaviour, transport modelling, ilute}
}
@ARTICLE{CarOrt02,
author = {Juan A.~Carrasco and Juan~de~Dios Ort\'{u}zar},
title = {A Review and Assessment of the Nested Logit Model},
year = 2002,
journal = {Transport Reviews},
volume = 22,
number = 2,
pages = {197--218},
keywords = {transport modelling, discrete choice modelling}
}
@TECHREPORT{CCIL83,
author = {{Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie de {L}yon, Direction
Promotion du Commerce, Service Urbanisme Commercial et Etudes}},
title = {Deplacements moyens de transports liés aux achats},
year = 1983,
institution = {Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie de Lyon},
address = {Lyon, France},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{deCer02,
author = {Allison L.C.~{de Cerre\~no}},
title = {Dynamics of On-Street Parking in Large Central Cities},
year = 2002,
institution = {Wagner Rudin Center for Transportation Policy \&
Management, New York University},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
url = {http://www.nyu.edu/wagner/transportation/files/street.pdf},
abstract = {Funded by the Federal Highway Administration, the purpose
of this report is three-fold: (1) to determine, to the degree
possible, the impact that on-street parking has on
transportation, development, and land-use; (2) to identify and
review comprehensively ``on-street'' parking policies and
management practices in large cities; and, (3) to recommend
best practice strategies for on-street parking in large cities.
The report is the culmination of a year-long study, which
included an extensive literature review, one-on-one discussions
with city parking officials, a peer-to-peer exchange session in
Boston, and a detailed questionnaire to which nine U.S. cities
responded.},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer84,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Light Rail Transit and Urban Development},
year = 1984,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 50,
number = 2,
pages = {133--147},
keywords = {urban planning, transit, transport planning, rail, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer84b,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Cost and performance impacts of transit subsidy programs},
year = 1984,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 18,
pages = {407--413},
keywords = {equity, transit, finance}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer85,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {The Anatomy of Transit Operating Deficits},
year = 1985,
journal = {Urban Law and Policy},
volume = 6,
number = 3,
pages = {281--298},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer85b,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {A tale of two cities: Light rail transit in {C}anada},
year = 1985,
journal = {Journal of Transportation Engineering},
volume = 111,
number = 6,
pages = {633--650},
keywords = {canada, transit, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer86,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Urban Transit in {C}anada: Integration and Innovation at its
Best},
year = 1986,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 40,
number = 3,
pages = {293--316},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, canada, transit}
}
@TECHREPORT{Cer86b,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Suburban Gridlock},
institution = {Center for Urban Policy Research},
address = {New Brunswick, NJ, USA},
year = 1986,
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer88,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Land Use Mixing and Suburban Mobility},
year = 1988,
month = JUL,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
pages = {429--446},
volume = 42,
number = 3,
keywords = { urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link },
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/countdown.pl?003.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer89,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Jobs-Housing Balance and Regional Mobility},
year = 1989,
journal = {American Planning Association Journal},
volume = 55,
number = 2,
pages = {136--150},
keywords = { urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link, urban form },
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/countdown.pl?050.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer89b,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Suburban Employment Centers: Probing the Influence of Site
Features on the Journey-to-Work},
year = 1989,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
pages = {75--85},
keywords = { urban planning, urban form, urban design },
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/countdown.pl?049.pdf}
}
@BOOK{Cer89c,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {America's Suburban Centers: The Land Use-Transportation Link},
year = 1989,
publisher = {Unwin-Hyman},
address = {Boston, MA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link }
}
@ARTICLE{Cer90,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Transit Pricing Research: A Review and Synthesis},
year = 1990,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 17,
pages = {117--139},
keywords = {transit, finance, equity}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer90b,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Profiling profitable bus routes},
year = 1990,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 44,
pages = {183--201},
keywords = {transit, finance, equity}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer91,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Land uses and travel at suburban activity centers},
year = 1991,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 45,
pages = {479--491},
keywords = { urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link }
}
@ARTICLE{Cer91b,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Congestion, Growth, and Public Choices},
year = 1991,
month = MAR,
journal = {Berkeley Planning Journal},
keywords = { urban planning, transport planning },
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/countdown.pl?051.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer91c,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Congestion relief: the land use alternative},
year = 1991,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 10,
pages = {119--129},
keywords = {urban form, urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@TECHREPORT{Cer93,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Ridership Impacts of Transit-Focused Development in
{C}alifornia},
year = 1993,
type = {Monograph},
number = 45,
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
institution = {Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University
of California},
keywords = {transit, urban form, land use transport link, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Cer93b,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Transit Supportive Development in the {U}nited {S}tates:
Experiences and Prospects},
year = 1993,
institution = {Federal Transit Administration, U.S. Department of
Transportation},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {urban planning, transit}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer93c,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Assessing the impacts of urban rail transit on local real
estate markets using quasi-experimental comparisons},
year = 1993,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 27,
number = 1,
pages = {13--22},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer94,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Making Transit Work in the Suburbs},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1451,
pages = {3--11},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer94b,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Rail transit and joint development: Land market impacts in
{W}ashington, {D.C.} and {A}tlanta},
year = 1994,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 60,
number = 1,
pages = {83--94},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer94c,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Rail-oriented office development in {C}alifornia: how successful?},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 48,
number = 1,
pages = {33--44},
keywords = {urban planning, transit-oriented development}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer95,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Sustainable New Towns: {S}tockholm's rail-served satellites},
year = 1995,
journal = {Cities},
volume = 12,
number = 1,
pages = {41--51},
keywords = { transit, urban planning, rail, urban form }
}
@TECHREPORT{Cer95b,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {{BART @ 20}: Land Use and Development Impacts},
year = 1995,
type = {Monograph},
number = 49,
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
institution = {Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University
of California},
keywords = {transit, urban planning, land use transport link, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer96,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Mixed Land-Uses and Commuting: Evidence from the {A}merican
Housing Survey},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 30,
number = 5,
pages = {361--377},
keywords = { transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link, urban form },
abstract = {
Past research suggests that mixed land-uses encourage non-auto
commuting; however, the evidence remains sketchy. This paper
explores this question by investigating how the presence of
retail activities in neighborhoods influences the commuting
choices of residents using data from the 1985 American Housing
Survey. Having grocery stores and other consumer services
within 300 feet of one's residence is found to encourage
commuting by mass transit, walking and bicycling, controlling
for such factors as residential densities and vehicle ownership
levels. When retail shops are beyond 300 feet yet within 1
mile of residences, however, they tend to encourage
auto-commuting, ostensibly because of the ability to
efficiently link work and shop trips by car. The
presence of nearby commercial land-uses is also
associated with relatively low vehicle ownership rates
and short commuting distances among residents of a
mixed-use neighborhood. Overall, residential densities
exerted a stronger influence on commuting mode choices
than levels of land-use mixture, except for walking and
bicycle commutes. For non-motorized commuting, the
presence or absence of neighborhood shops is a better
predictor of mode choice than residential densities.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer96c,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Traditional Neighborhoods and Commuting in the {S}an
{F}rancisco {B}ay {A}rea},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 23,
pages = {373--394},
keywords = {urban form, transport planning, urban planning, urban design}
}
@BOOK{Cer97,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Paratransit in {A}merica: Redefining Mass Transportation},
year = 1997,
publisher = {Praeger},
address = {Westport, CT, USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Cer01,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Integration of Urban Transport and Urban Planning},
editor = {M.~Freire and R.~Stren},
booktitle = {The Challenge of Urban Government: Policies and
Practices},
year = 2001,
pages = {407--427},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
publisher = {The World Bank Institute},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{Cer02,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Built Environments and Mode Choice: Toward a Normative
Framework},
year = 2002,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 7,
number = 4,
pages = {265--284},
keywords = {urban form, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{CerGor95,
author = {Robert Cervero and R.~Gorham},
title = {Commuting in transit versus automobile neighborhoods},
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
year = 1995,
volume = 61,
number = 2,
pages = {210--225},
keywords = {urban planning, transit, land use transport link }
}
@ARTICLE{CerHan02,
author = {Robert Cervero and M.~Hansen},
title = {Induced travel demand and induced road investment: a
simultaneous-equation analysis},
year = 2002,
journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy},
volume = 36,
number = 3,
pages = {469--490},
keywords = {induced travel, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@TECHREPORT{CerRad95,
author = {Robert Cervero and Carolyn Radisch},
title = {Travel choices in pedestrian versus automobile oriented
neighborhoods},
year = 1995,
month = JUL,
type = {Working Paper},
institution = {University of California Transportation Center},
number = 281,
keywords = {pedestrian planning, urban planning, urban form, urban design, land use transport link},
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/countdown.pl?281.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{CerRad96,
author = {Robert Cervero and Carolyn Radisch},
title = {Travel choices in pedestrian versus automobile oriented
neighborhoods},
journal = {Transport Policy},
year = 1996,
volume = 3,
pages = {127--141},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, urban planning, urban form, urban design, land use transport link},
annote = { Apparently fairly important - shows benefits of traditional
neighbourhood design. }
}
@TECHREPORT{CerSes95,
author = {Robert Cervero and Samuel Seskin},
title = {The Relationship Between Transit and Urban Form},
year = 1995,
type = {Research Results Digest},
number = 7,
institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation
Research Board, National Research Council},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, land use transport link, transport planning, urban planning, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{CerTsa03,
author = {Robert Cervero and Yu-Hsin Tsai},
title = {Job Access and Reverse Commuting Initiatives in {C}alifornia:
Review \& Assessment},
year = 2003,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1859,
pages = {79--86},
keywords = {urban form, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{CerTsa04,
author = {Robert Cervero and Yu-Hsin Tsai},
title = {City {C}ar{S}hare in {S}an {F}rancisco, {C}alifornia: Second-
year travel demand and car ownership impacts},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1887,
pages = {117--127},
keywords = {car sharing, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{CerWac82,
author = {Robert Cervero and Martin Wachs},
title = {An Answer to the Transit Crisis: The Case for Distance-Based
Fares},
year = 1982,
journal = {Journal of Contemporary Studies},
volume = 5,
number = 2,
pages = {59--70},
keywords = {transit}
}
@ARTICLE{CerWu97,
author = {Robert Cervero and K.L.~Wu},
title = {Polycentrism, Commuting, and Residential Location in the {S}an
{F}rancisco {B}ay {A}rea},
year = 1997,
journal = {Environment and Planning A},
volume = 29,
pages = {865--886},
keywords = {urban form, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{CHA99,
author = {{Cleary Hughes Associates}},
title = {Nottingham {C}ycle {C}hallenge {P}roject: Final Report},
year = 1999,
institution = {Cleary Hughes Associates},
address = {Hucknall, Nottingham, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{Cha92,
author = {K.~Chatzis},
title = {A Conceptual Framework for Analysing the Long-term Evolution
of Regulatory Control Practices within Large Technical Systems},
year = 1992,
publisher = {Mimeo},
keywords = {transport planning, governance}
}
@ARTICLE{CheDeaHigHue06,
author = {Christopher R.~Cherry and Elizabeth Deakin and Nathan Higgins
and S.~Brian Huey},
title = {Systems-Level Approach to Sustainable Urban Arterial
Revitalization},
year = 2006,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
keywords = {streets, street design}
}
@BOOK{Chi98,
author = {Mark Childs},
title = {Parking Spaces: A Design, Implementation and Use Manual for
Architects, Planners and Engineers},
year = 1998,
publisher = {McGraw Hill},
keywords = {transport planning, parking}
}
@BOOK{Chr66,
author = {W.~Christaller},
title = {Central Places in Southern Germany},
year = 1966,
publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@ARTICLE{Chu99,
author = {Arza Churchman},
title = {Disentangling the Concept of Density},
year = 1999,
journal = {Journal of Planning Literature},
volume = 13,
number = 4,
pages = {389--411},
doi = {10.1177/08854129922092478},
keywords = {urban form}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Cie02,
author = {D.J.~Cieslewicz},
title = {The Environmental Impacts of Sprawl},
year = 2002,
booktitle = {Urban Sprawl: Causes, Consequences and Policy Responses},
editor = {G.D.~Squires},
publisher = {The Urban Institute Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
pages = {23--38},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{CIT01,
author = {{Commission for Integrated Transport}},
title = {European Best Practice in Delivering Integrated Transport},
year = 2001,
month = NOV,
address = {London, UK},
institution = {{Commission for Integrated Transport}},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transit},
url = {http://www.cfit.gov.uk/docs/2001/ebp/index.htm}
}
@ARTICLE{ClaJia01,
author = {Christophe Claramunt and B.~Jiang},
title = {An integrated representation of spatial and temporal
relationships},
year = 2001,
journal = {Geographical Systems},
volume = 3,
number = 4,
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
pages = {154--159},
keywords = {computer science, geographic information systems}
}
@INCOLLECTION{ClaParThe97,
author = {Christophe Claramunt and Christine Parent and Marius
Th{\'e}riault},
title = {Design patterns for spatio-temporal processes},
booktitle = {Searching for Semantics: Data Mining, Reverse
Engineering},
editor = {Stefano Spaccapietra and F.~Maryanski},
year = 1997,
publisher = {Chapman \& Hall},
pages = {415--428},
keywords = {computer science, geographic information systems, ilute},
url = {http://www.ecole-navale.fr/fr/irenav/cv/claramunt/IFIP97.zip}
}
@ARTICLE{ClaPag00,
author = {Stephen D.~Clark and Matthew W.~Page},
title = {Cycling and Urban Traffic Management and Control Systems},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1705,
year = 2000,
pages = {77--84},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1705-013.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{ClaTra95,
author = {Andy Clarke and Linda Tracy},
title = {Bicycle Safety-Related Research Synthesis},
year = 1995,
number = {FHWA-RD-94062},
institution = {U.S.~Federal Highway Administration},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{Cla96,
editor = {Graham P.~Clarke},
title = {Microsimulation for Urban and Regional Policy Analysis},
year = 1996,
series = {European Research in Regional Science},
volume = 6,
publisher = {Pion},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban economics, transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{ClaHol87,
author = {M.~Clarke and E.~Holm},
title = {Micro-simulation methods in human geography and planning: a
review and further extensions},
year = 1987,
journal = {Geografiska Annaler},
volume = {69B},
pages = {145--164},
keywords = {urban economics, transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{ClaSpo85,
author = {M.~Clarke and M.E.~Spowage},
title = {Integrated models for public policy analysis: an example of
the practical use of simulation models in health care planning},
year = 1985,
journal = {Papers of the Regional Science Association},
volume = 55,
pages = {25--45},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@ARTICLE{ClaEtc93,
author = {P.~{Clarke et al.}},
title = {The use of stated preference techniques to investigate likely
responses to changes in workplace parking supply},
year = 1993,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 34,
number = {7/8},
pages = {350--354},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Cla98,
author = {G.~Clay},
title = {Will the real {P}ortland please stand up?},
year = 1998,
journal = {Landscape Architecture},
volume = 88,
number = 5,
pages = {155--156},
keywords = {urban design}
}
@ARTICLE{CleMcC00,
author = {Jo Cleary and Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
title = {Evaluation of the {C}ycle {C}hallenge {P}roject: A case study
of the {N}ottingham cycle-friendly employers' project},
year = 2000,
month = APR,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 8,
number = 2,
pages = {117--125},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{CleMcC00b,
author = {Jo Cleary and Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
title = {The {N}ottingham cycle-friendly employers' project: lessons
for encouraging cycle commuting},
year = 2000,
journal = {Local Environment},
volume = 5,
number = 2,
pages = {217--222},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{CliOrd73,
author = {A.D.~Cliff and J.K.~Ord},
title = {Spatial Autocorrelation},
year = 1973,
publisher = {Pion},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {spatial modelling}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Coa97,
author = {Nigel Coates},
title = {Parking Policy and Bicycle Promotion in {O}xford},
year = 1997,
month = SEP,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo-City 1997},
address = {Barcelona, Spain},
keywords = {bicycle planning, parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Cod83,
author = {W.R.~Code},
title = {The strength of the centre: downtown offices and metropolitan
decentralization policy in {T}oronto},
year = 1983,
journal = {Environment and Planning A},
volume = 15,
pages = {1361--1380},
keywords = {urban planning, canada}
}
@TECHREPORT{Cof94,
author = {W.J.~Coffey},
title = {The evolution of {C}anada's metropolitan economies},
year = 1994,
address = {Montreal, QC, Canada},
institution = {Institute for Research on Public Policy},
keywords = { canada, history }
}
@ARTICLE{ConLaw02,
author = {Sonny Conder and Keith Lawton},
title = {Alternative futures for integrated transportation and land use
models contrasted with ``{T}rend-{D}elphi'' models: {P}ortland
{O}regon {M}etro results},
year = 2002,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1805,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport modelling}
}
@BOOK{Con96,
author = {Patrick Condon},
title = {Sustainable Urban Landscapes: The {S}urrey Design Charette},
year = 1996,
publisher = {University of British Columbia Press},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
keywords = {public participation}
}
@BOOK{Coo90,
author = {P.~Cook},
title = {Back to the future: Modernity, postmodernity and locality},
year = 1990,
publisher = {Unwin Hyman Ltd.},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {geography}
}
@ARTICLE{Coo96,
author = {D.~Coombe},
title = {Induced traffic: what do transportation models tell us?},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 23,
number = 1,
pages = {83--101},
keywords = {transport modelling, induced travel}
}
@ARTICLE{CooGueBatLeM97,
author = {D.~Coombe and P.~Guest and J.~Bates and P.~{le Masurier}},
title = {Study of parking and traffic demand: {I}. The Research
Programme},
year = 1997,
month = FEB,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 38,
number = 2,
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{CopCaiFoxLawLocLumRidRos03,
author = {Andy Cope and Sally Cairns and Ken Fox and Debbie A.~Lawlor
and Mary Lockie and Les Lumsdon and Chris Riddoch and Paul Rosen},
title = {The {UK} National Cycle Network: an assessment of the benefits
of a sustainable transport infrastructure},
year = 2003,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 9,
number = 1,
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp09.1.pdf}
}
@UNPUBLISHED{Cop85,
author = {P.M.~Coppack},
title = {An exploration of amenity and its role in the development of
the urban field},
year = 1985,
note = {Unpublished Ph.D. thesis},
institution = {University of Waterloo},
address = {Waterloo, ON, Canada},
keywords = {urban planning, geography, canada}
}
@BOOK{Cow97,
author = {Robert Cowan},
title = {The Connected City},
year = 1997,
publisher = {Urban Initiatives},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{CoxLovNew97,
author = {W.~Cox and J.~Love and N.~Newton},
title = {Competition in Public Transport: International State of the
Art},
year = 1997,
booktitle = {Paper presented at the Fifth International Conference on
Competition and Ownership in Passenger Transport},
address = {Leeds, UK},
month = MAY,
keywords = {transit, finance, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{CPAG01,
author = {{Cyclists' Public Affairs Group}},
title = {{BikeFrame}: A Model Cycling Policy},
year = 2001,
institution = {Cyclists' Touring Club and the Bicycle Association},
address = {Godalming, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Cra96,
author = {Randall Crane},
title = {The influence of uncertain job location on urban form and the
journey to work},
year = 1996,
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
volume = 39,
number = 3,
pages = {342--358},
keywords = {transport planning, urban form, land use transport link, location choice}
}
@ARTICLE{Cra96b,
author = {Randall Crane},
title = {Cars and drivers in the new suburbs: linking access to travel
in neotraditional planning},
year = 1996,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 62,
number = 1,
pages = {51--65},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Cra96c,
author = {Randall Crane},
title = {On form versus function: will the {N}ew {U}rbanism reduce
traffic, or increase it?},
year = 1996,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 15,
number = 2,
pages = {117--126},
keywords = {urban planning, land use transport link, new urbanism}
}
@ARTICLE{Cra98,
author = {Randall Crane},
title = {Travel by design?},
journal = {Access Magazine},
year = 1998,
volume = 12,
pages = {2--7},
keywords = {land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{Cra99b,
author = {Randall Crane},
title = {The influence of urban form on travel: an interpretive
review},
journal = {Journal of Planning Literature},
year = 1999,
volume = 15,
pages = {3--23},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Cra00,
author = {Randall Crane},
title = {The impacts of urban form on travel: an interpretive review},
year = 2000,
journal = {Journal of Planning Literature},
volume = 15,
pages = {3--23},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban form, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{CraCre98,
author = {Randall Crane and R.~Crepeau},
title = {Does neighbourhood design influence travel? A behavioral
analysis of travel diary and GIS data},
year = 1998,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 3,
number = 4,
pages = {225--238},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@BOOK{Cra00b,
author = {J.H.~Crawford},
title = {Carfree Cities},
year = 2000,
publisher = {International Books},
address = {Utrecht, The Netherlands},
keywords = {urban planning, pedestrian planning, bicycle planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Cra99,
author = {M.~Crawford},
title = {The architect and the mall},
year = 1999,
booktitle = {You are Here},
editor = {{John Jerde Partnership International}},
publisher = {Phaidon},
address = {London, UK},
pages = {44--54},
keywords = {architecture}
}
@TECHREPORT{CROW93,
author = {{Centre for Research and Contract Standardisation in Civil
Engineering (CROW)}},
title = {Sign up for the bike: design manual for a cycle-friendly
infrastructure},
year = 1993,
institution = {CROW},
address = {Ede, The Netherlands},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{CROW96,
author = {{Centre for Research and Contract Standardisation in Civil
Engineering (CROW)}},
title = {Aanbevelingen voor verkeersvoorzieningen binnen de bebouwde
kom {ASVV} 1996 (Recommendations for traffic and transport
facilities in built-up areas)},
year = 1996,
number = 110,
institution = {CROW},
address = {Ede, The Netherlands},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{CT04,
author = {{City of Toronto}},
title = {Toronto Official Plan},
year = 2004,
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
institution = {{City of Toronto}},
url = {http://toronto.ca/torontoplan/official_plan.htm},
keywords = {urban planning, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{CubMil82,
author = {Adil Cubukgil and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Occupational status and the Journey-to-Work},
year = 1982,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 11,
number = 3,
month = SEP,
doi = {10.1007/BF00172652},
pages = {251--276},
keywords = {transport modelling, demographics}
}
@BOOK{Cul61,
author = {G.~Cullen},
title = {Townscape},
year = 1961,
publisher = {Architectural Press},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {architecture, urban design}
}
@ARTICLE{Cul92,
author = {S.~Cullinane},
title = {Attitudes towards the car in the {UK}: some implications for
policies on congestion and the environment},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation Review},
volume = {26A},
pages = {291--301},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{CV05,
author = {{City of Vancouver}},
title = {Zoning and Development By-law},
number = {3575},
type = {By-law},
year = 2005,
institution = {{City of Vancouver}},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
url = {http://vancouver.ca/commsvcs/BYLAWS/zoning/zon&dev.htm},
keywords = {urban planning, canada}
}
@TECHREPORT{DalWil77,
author = {E.~Dalby and A.E.~Williamson},
title = {Pedestrian and traffic management. Techniques in {D}elft:
report of a visit made in {D}ecember 1975},
year = 1977,
institution = {Crowthorne Transport \& Road Research Laboratory},
number = {SR257},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{DalSmi01,
author = {Martin Dale and Richard Smith},
title = {Estimating {L}ondon's Parking Space Capacity},
year = 2001,
month = SEP,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 41,
number = 8,
pages = {325--328},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{DamLer80,
author = {D.~Damm and A.~Lerman},
title = {Response of Urban Real Estate Values in Anticipation of the
{W}ashington {M}etro},
year = 1980,
journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy},
volume = 1,
number = 3,
pages = {315--335},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@BOOK{DanWar80,
author = {P.W.~Daniels and A.M.~Warnes},
title = {Movement in Cities: Spatial Perspectives in Urban Transport
and Travel},
year = 1980,
publisher = {Methuen},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{DasWeb92,
author = {M.~Dasgupta and F.~Webster},
title = {Land Use/Transport Interaction: Policy Relevance of the
{ISGLUTI} Study},
year = 1992,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth World Conference on Transport
Research},
address = {Lyon, France},
publisher = {World Congress on Transport Research},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@MASTERSTHESIS{Dav97b,
author = {Gavin Davidson},
title = {Area Wide Traffic Management: A Strategy for Improving the
Economic, Social and Environmental Health of Urban Centers},
year = 1997,
school = {Simon Fraser University, School of Resource and Environmental
Management},
address = {Burnaby, BC, Canada},
keywords = {transport planning, traffic calming, canada}
}
@TECHREPORT{Dav89,
author = {D.~Davies},
title = {Light rapid transit: implications for cyclists},
year = 1989,
month = {June/July},
institution = {Cycle Touring and Campaigning},
keywords = {transit, bicycle planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{DavChiBucRei03,
author = {D.G.~Davies and L.~Chinn and G.S.~Buckle and Stuart
J.~Reid},
title = {Cycling in vehicle restricted areas},
year = 2003,
number = 583,
address = {London, UK},
institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning},
url = {http://217.118.128.203/store/downloadreport.asp?id=2734},
abstract = {
Vehicle restricted areas (VRAs) or `pedestrian areas' in town centres
are sometimes important routes for cyclists. However, cycling is
prohibited in many VRAs on the grounds of pedestrian comfort and
safety. TRL studied the behaviour of 2,220 cyclists at sites in
Cambridge, Hull and Salisbury where cycling is permitted for part
or all of the day. TRL also interviewed 300 pedestrians and 150
cyclists at these sites to obtain additional details about
behaviour and attitudes. The report presents data on cycling
speeds, dismounting and pedestrian flows and identifies those
factors that significantly influence cyclist behaviour. It also
shows which types of cyclists are most likely to ignore cycling
bans and to cycle fast. The interviews reveal varying levels of
acceptance by pedestrians of cycling in VRAs, and indicate that
some injurious incidents occur. Conclusions are presented about how
the physical layout of the VRA and other factors can affect
pedestrian safety and comfort. The report does not endorse or
reject cycling in VRAs, but presents information that may assist
with appropriate local regulation and design.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{DavGraGarHar01,
author = {D.G.~Davies and S.~Gray and G.~Gardner and G.~Harland},
title = {A quantitative study of attitudes of individuals to cycling},
year = 2001,
number = 481,
address = {Crowthorne, UK},
institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{DavHalMayPoc97,
author = {D.G.~Davies and M.E.~Halliday and M.~Mayes and R.L.~Pocock},
title = {Attitudes to cycling: a qualitative study and conceptual
framework},
year = 1997,
number = 266,
address = {Crowthorne, UK},
institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{DavHar99,
author = {D.G.~Davies and E.~Hartley},
title = {New Cycle Owners: Expectations and Experience},
year = 1999,
number = 369,
address = {London, UK},
institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
abstract = {
Cycle sales have increased substantially but overall cycle use has not.
This project investigated the expectations and experiences of new
cycle owners to see how they might be encouraged to cycle more,
particularly for utility purposes. 76 adults who did not regularly
cycle, who were buying a new cycle for themselves, were interviewed
in cycle shops immediately after their purchase, about their
planned cycle use and expectations. After one month they completed
a four-day travel diary. After another month, they were interviewed
in-depth regarding their cycle use, experiences and attitudes.
Almost all those who completed the survey were pleased with their
purchase. The majority cycled at least once a week, some much more
frequently. Leisure was the main journey purpose but those who
cycled to work tended to cycle more frequently. Physical effort,
practical difficulties, the weather and the danger and unpleasantness
from motor traffic were the main deterrents. One quarter reported
using their cars less. However, most continued to use cars for the
majority of journeys, including many under one mile. The report
concludes that measures are needed to overcome practical barriers
to greater cycle use, and to make cycling more enjoyable, for both
new and existing cyclists.
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Dav97,
author = {Mike Davis},
title = {How {E}den Lost Its Garden},
year = 1997,
editor = {Allen Scott and Edward Soja},
publisher = {University of California Press},
booktitle = {The City},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
keywords = {history}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Dav05,
author = {Mike Davis},
title = {{O}zzie and {H}arriet in Hell: On the Decline of the Inner
Suburbs},
year = 2005,
booktitle = {Sprawl and Suburbia: A {H}arvard {D}esign {M}agazine
Reader},
editor = {William S.~Saunders},
publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
address = {Minneapolis, MN, USA},
chapter = 3,
pages = {27--33},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{DeaBecCraArcCaiKluLeuNi04,
author = {Elizabeth Deakin and Ally Bechtel and Amber Crabbe and Mary
Archer and Shannon Cairns and Andrew Kluter and Kamshing Leung and
Jason Ni},
title = {Parking Management and Downtown Land Development in
{B}erkeley, {C}alifornia},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1898,
pages = {124--129},
keywords = {parking}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{DeaLat98,
author = {Elizabeth Deakin and T.~Lathrop},
year = 1998,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Research Needs in Land
Use Modeling and Analysis},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
month = JUN,
keywords = {transport modelling, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Dea75,
author = {M.~Dear},
title = {Rapid Transit and Suburban Residential Land Uses},
year = 1975,
journal = {Traffic Quarterly},
volume = 29,
number = 2,
pages = {223--242},
keywords = {land use transport link, transit, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{DeCCoh99,
author = {P.~De{C}orla-Souza and H.~Cohen},
title = {Estimating induced travel for evaluation of metropolitan
highway expansion},
year = 1999,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 26,
pages = {249--262},
keywords = {transport modelling, induced travel}
}
@ARTICLE{DelAreBieBorTim98,
author = {Benedict G.C.~Dellaert and Theo A.~Arentze and Michel
Bierlaire and Aloys W.J.~Borgers and Harry J.P.~Timmermans},
title = {Investigating Consumers' Tendency to Combine Multiple Shopping
Purposes and Destinations},
year = 1998,
month = MAY,
journal = {Journal of Marketing Research},
volume = 35,
pages = {177--188},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/view/00222437/sp040138/04x1816v/0},
keywords = {transport modelling, shopping}
}
@ARTICLE{DeL96,
author = {Marc De{L}ucchi},
title = {Total Cost of Motor-Vehicle Use},
year = 1996,
journal = {Access Magazine},
volume = 8,
pages = {7--13},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Dew76,
author = {Donald Dewees},
title = {The effect of a subway on residential property values in
{T}oronto},
year = 1976,
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
volume = 3,
number = 4,
pages = {357--369},
keywords = {canada, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@INCOLLECTION{DijSch02,
author = {M.~Dijst and W.~Schenkel},
title = {Urban Performance in Perspective},
editor = {M.~Dijst and W.~Schenkel and I.~Thomas},
booktitle = {Governing Cities on the Move: Functional and Management
Perspectives on Transformations of European Urban Infrastructures},
year = 2002,
pages = {1--18},
publisher = {Ashgate},
address = {Aldershot, UK},
keywords = {urban planning, governance}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Dil04,
author = {Jennifer Dill},
title = {Measuring Network Connectivity for Bicycling and Walking},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 84th meeting of the Transportation
Research Board},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, urban planning, transport planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb/trb2004/TRB2004-001550.pdf}
}
@BOOK{Dim90,
author = {H.~Dimitriou},
title = {Transport Planning for Third World Cities},
year = 1990,
publisher = {Routledge},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Din78,
author = {D.~Dingemans},
title = {Rapid Transit and Suburban Residential Land Use},
journal = {Traffic Quarterly},
year = 1978,
volume = 32,
number = 2,
pages = {289--306},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link, transit}
}
@TECHREPORT{DivNewKen96,
author = {G.~Diver and Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {An evaluation of Better Cities: Environmental Component},
year = 1996,
institution = {Government of Australia, Department of Environment,
Sport and Territories},
address = {Canberra, Australia},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Dix96,
author = {Linda B.~Dixon},
title = {Bicycle and Pedestrian Level-of-Service Performance Measures
and Standards for Congestion Management Systems},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1538,
pages = {1--9},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1538-001.pdf}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Doh02,
author = {Sean T.~Doherty},
title = {Interactive methods for activity scheduling processes},
year = 2002,
booktitle = {Transportation Systems Planning: Methods and Applications},
editor = {K.~Goulias},
address = {New~York City, NY, USA},
publisher = {CRC~Press},
volume = 7,
pages = {25--51},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute}
}
@ARTICLE{DohAulSwa00,
author = {Sean T.~Doherty and Lisa Aultman-Hall and Jill Swaynos},
title = {Commuter Cyclist Accident Patterns in {T}oronto and {O}ttawa},
year = 2000,
journal = {Journal of Transportation Engineering},
month = {Jan/Feb},
volume = 126,
number = 1,
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle collisions, canada},
pages = {21--26},
abstract = {
In this study, self-reported cyclist collision and fall information
from a mail-back questionnaire was analyzed for a sample of
2,945 adult cyclists who commute to work/school in Toronto and
Ottawa. Analysis focused on incident frequencies by month, time
of day, location, road surface condition, and injury level.
These results are presented in order to provide a valuable
complement to other sources of bicycle incident data obtained
primarily from emergency room hospital records. Only a small
percentage of collision and fall incidents resulted in a major
injury and would therefore be found in a bicycle accident
database compiled from emergency room hospital records.
Slightly more, 19.2 and 11.7\% of the collisions in Ottawa and
Toronto, respectively, were reported to police. The results of
the study found that collisions were more sensitive to
automobile traffic, whereas falls were more sensitive to the
prevailing roadway surface conditions. There was a higher
proportion of falls than collisions during the winter months in
both cities. However, the severity of injuries from collisions
and falls were fairly consistent across time periods. Even when
the severity of collisions and falls were considered for
different roadway environmental conditions and between roads
and off-road, no difference was found. This analysis suggests
that minor collisions and falls should be considered in
accessing the safety experience of bicyclists.
}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{DohAxhGar98,
author = {Sean T.~Doherty and Kay W.~Axhausen and Tommy G{\"a}rling and
Eric J.~Miller},
title = {A Conceptual Model of the Weekly Household Activity-Travel
Scheduling Process},
year = 1998,
month = APR,
booktitle = {Network on European Communications and Transport
Activities Euroconference},
address = {Israel},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour}
}
@INCOLLECTION{DohAxh99,
author = {Sean T.~Doherty and Kay W.~Axhausen},
title = {The Development of a Unified Modeling Framework of the
Household Activity-Travel Scheduling Process},
year = 1999,
booktitle = {Traffic and Mobility: Simulation-Economics-Environment},
editor = {W.~Brilon and F.~Huber and M.~Schreckengerg and
H.~Wallentowitz},
pages = {35--56},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {Berlin, Germany},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{DohMil97,
author = {Sean T.~Doherty and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Tracing the household activity scheduling process using a one
week computer-based survey},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Association of Travel
Behavior Research: Challenges and Opportunities in Travel Behavior
Research and Applications},
year = 1997,
month = SEP,
address = {Austin, TX, USA},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{DohMil98,
author = {Sean T.~Doherty and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Activity patterns derived from a one-week household activity
scheduling survey},
year = 1998,
month = JAN,
booktitle = {Presented at the 77th Annual Meeting of the
Transportation Research Board},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour}
}
@ARTICLE{DohMil01,
author = {Sean T.~Doherty and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {A Computerized Household Activity Scheduling Survey},
year = 2001,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 27,
number = 1,
pages = {75--97},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour}
}
@INCOLLECTION{DohMilAxhGar02,
author = {Sean T.~Doherty and Eric J.~Miller and Kay W.~Axhausen and
Tommy G{\"a}rling},
title = {A Conceptual Model of the Weekly Household Activity-Travel
Scheduling Process},
year = {2002},
booktitle = {Travel Behaviour: Patterns, Implications and Modelling},
editor = {E.~Stern and I.~Salomon and P.~Bovy},
publisher = {Elgar Publishing},
pages = {148--165},
address = {Cheltenham, UK},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour},
url = {http://www.civ.utoronto.ca/sect/traeng/ilute/chase/downloads/conceptual_paper.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{DohMoh03,
author = {Sean T.~Doherty and Abolfazl Mohammadian},
title = {Application of Artificial Neural Network Models to Activity
Scheduling Time Horizon},
year = 2003,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1854,
pages = {43--49},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour}
}
@ARTICLE{DohNemRooMil04,
author = {Sean T.~Doherty and Erika Nemeth and Matthew J.~Roorda and
Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Design and Assessment of the {T}oronto {A}rea Computerized
Household Activity Scheduling Survey},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1894,
pages = {140--149},
year = 2004,
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, canada, travel behaviour}
}
@TECHREPORT{Don82,
author = {P.~Donnelly},
title = {Rail Transit Impact Studies: {A}tlanta, {W}ashington, and
{S}an {D}iego},
year = 1982,
institution = {Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S.
Department of Transportation},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@TECHREPORT{DooPor94,
author = {J.T.~Doolittle and E.K.~Porter},
title = {Integration of Bicycles and Transit},
year = 1994,
type = {TCRP Synthesis},
number = 4,
institution = {Transportation Research Board, National Research
Council},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {bicycle planning, intermodal, transit}
}
@TECHREPORT{Dor75,
author = {D.~Dornbush},
title = {{BART}-Induced Changes in Property Values and Rents: Land Use
and Urban Development Projects, Phase I, {BART} Impact Study},
year = 1975,
institution = {U.S. Department of Transportation and U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban Development},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, land use transport link, urban form, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Dow98,
author = {R.~Dowling},
title = {Neotraditionalism in the suburban landscape: Cultural
geographies of exclusion in {V}ancouver, {C}anada},
year = 1998,
journal = {Urban Geography},
volume = 19,
number = 2,
pages = {105--122},
keywords = {geography, canada}
}
@TECHREPORT{DowHolHua02,
author = {Richard Dowling and Joseph Holland and Allen Huang},
title = {Guidelines for Applying Microsimulation Modeling Software},
institution = {California Department of Transportation},
address = {Oakland, CA, USA},
year = 2002,
keywords = {transport modelling},
url = {http://www.itc-world.com/docs/Caltrans Microsimapps 2002.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{DowIreSkaGilStoHorBowDeaDul00,
author = {Richard Dowling and Ireson and Skabardonis and Gillen and Stopher and
Horowitz and Bowman and Elizabeth Deakin and Dulla},
title = {Predicting Short-Term and Long-Term Air Quality Effects of
Traffic-Flow Improvement Projects},
number = {NCHRP 25-21},
institution = {Transportation Research Board},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
year = 2000,
keywords = {transport planning},
url = {http://faculty.washington.edu/pwaddell/Models/NCHRP25-21.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Dow62,
author = {Anthony Downs},
title = {The Law of Peak-Hour Expressway Congestion},
year = 1962,
journal = {Traffic Quarterly},
volume = 33,
pages = {347--362},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling}
}
@BOOK{Dow94,
author = {Anthony Downs},
title = {New Visions for Metropolitan {A}merica},
year = 1994,
publisher = {The Brookings Institution},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {urban planning, equity, zoning, urban politics, smart growth},
annote = {
In the first three chapters (the only part I've read), there were
some very interesting discussion of growth management policies,
equity and racial segregation in the USA.
One point I found interesting was the discussion of preferences. In
general, Americans want single-family detached houses, auto-based
travel, free parking and short travel times. The planning system
in many ways guarantees the first two: suburbs have extremely high
minimum standards for housing (low density single-family homes), and
generally provide generous roads and free parking. The last aspect
of preferences cannot be guaranteed due to growth and swamping of
existing roads by new travel, discussed at length in the book.
This is the aspect I find interesting: the system is inherently
biased towards one set of preferences (housing) and limits trading
off housing against travel time---if an individual prefers short
travel times and is willing to accept ``lower quality'' dense
housing in return, that option is rarely available. In other words,
this minimum provision limits choices, a point that Andre Sorensen
has made repeatedly in his discussions in the course I'm taking.
Downs notes that one-third of US households did not live in
single-family homes in 1990, and one-third were renters (presumably
with substantial overlap). He describes the provision of low-cost
housing as a ``trickle-down'' process: since cheap new housing is
prohibited, only degraded older houses are available for those
who cannot afford the suburban single-family home. This process
breaks down when ``net housing construciton is lower than net
household formation''---i.e., periods of rapid growth.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Dow99,
author = {Anthony Downs},
title = {Some realities about sprawl and urban decline},
year = 1999,
journal = {Housing Policy Debate},
volume = 10,
number = 4,
pages = {955--974},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Dow01,
author = {Anthony Downs},
title = {What Does {S}mart {G}rowth Really Mean?},
year = 2001,
journal = {Planning},
volume = 67,
number = 4,
pages = {20--25},
keywords = {urban planning, smart growth}
}
@TECHREPORT{DSB90,
author = {{DSB (Danish State Railways)}},
title = {Cykelparkering og cykelcentre: et idekatalog ({C}ycle parking
and cycle centres: a catalogue of ideas)},
year = 1990,
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
institution = {DSB Styregruppen vedr. cykelparkering},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{DSB91,
author = {{DSB (Danish State Railways, S-Togsdivision)}},
title = {Handlingsplan for forbedring af cykelparkering ved
{S}-stationer ({P}lan for promotion of cycle parking at {S}-train
stations)},
year = 1991,
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
institution = {DSB Styregruppen vedr. cykelparkering},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{DTLR01,
author = {{Department for {T}ransport, {L}ocal {G}overnment and the
{R}egions}},
title = {A Road Safety Good Practice Guide},
year = 2001,
address = {London, UK},
institution = {Department for {T}ransport, {L}ocal {G}overnment and the
Regions},
url = {http://www.roads.dtlr.gov.uk/roadsafety/goodpractice/18.htm},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{DuaPla91,
author = {Andr\'{e}s Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk},
title = {Towns and town-making principles},
year = 1991,
publisher = {Rizzoli International Publications},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{DuaPla92,
author = {Andr\'{e}s Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk},
title = {The second coming of the {A}merican small town},
year = 1992,
month = {Winter},
journal = {Wilson Quarterly},
pages = {19--48},
keywords = {new urbanism}
}
@BOOK{DuaPlaSpe00,
author = {Andr\'{e}s Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk and Jeff Speck},
title = {Suburban nation: The rise of sprawl and the decline of the
{A}merican dream},
year = 2000,
publisher = {North Point Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {general interest, urban planning, new urbanism}
}
@ARTICLE{Dud01,
author = {Michael Quinn Dudley},
title = {Sprawl as Strategy: City Planners Face the Bomb},
year = 2001,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 21,
pages = {52--63},
keywords = {urban form, urban planning, history}
}
@ARTICLE{Dun79,
author = {S.~Duncan},
title = {Qualitative change in human geography: an introduction},
year = 1979,
journal = {Geoforum},
volume = 10,
number = {1--4},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Dun97,
author = {R.~Dunphy},
title = {Toronto: A Pioneering Transit Model in a Suburbanizing Future},
year = 1997,
booktitle = {Moving Beyond Gridlock: Traffic and Development},
publisher = {The Urban Land Institute},
pages = {109--124},
keywords = {canada, transit}
}
@ARTICLE{DunFis96,
author = {R.~Dunphy and K.~Fisher},
title = {Transportation, congestion and density: New insights},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1552,
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Dur96,
author = {Alan Durning},
title = {The Car and the City},
year = 1996,
institution = {Northwest Environment Watch},
annote = {Comparison of Portland, Seattle and Vancouver},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{Eas99,
author = {R.~Eash},
title = {Destination and mode choice models for nonmotorized travel},
year = 1999,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1674,
pages = {1--8},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, transport modelling},
annote = {
Apparently, this talks about the inapplicability of motorized
travel models to peds/bikes.
}
}
@BOOK{EchSai01,
author = {M.~Echenique and A.~Saint},
title = {Cities for the new millenium},
year = 2001,
publisher = {Island Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{ECO01,
author = {{ECONorthwest}},
title = {Metro Urban Centers: An Evaluation of the Density of
Development},
year = 2001,
month = JUL,
institution = {Metro},
address = {Portland, OR},
url = {http://www.metro-region.org/library_docs/land_use/centersreport.pdf},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@BOOK{Edw96,
author = {Brian Edwards},
title = {Sustainable architecture: {E}uropean directives and building
design},
year = 1996,
publisher = {Architectural Press},
address = {Oxford, UK},
keywords = {architecture}
}
@BOOK{EgeGol98,
editor = {M.J.~Egenhofer and R.G.~Golledge},
title = {Spatial and temporal reasoning in geographic information
systems},
year = 1998,
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {geographic information systems}
}
@ARTICLE{ElgKen05,
author = {Ilan Elgar and Christopher Kennedy},
title = {Review of Optimal Transit Subsidies: Comparison between
models},
year = 2005,
month = JUN,
journal = {Journal of Urban Planning and Development},
volume = 131,
number = 2,
pages = {71--78},
keywords = {transit, finance}
}
@ARTICLE{ElgMil06,
author = {Ilan Elgar and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {A Conceptual Model of Small Office Firm Location},
year = 2006,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1977,
pages = {190--196},
keywords = {ilute, transport modelling, location choice}
}
@ARTICLE{EllWri82,
author = {J.R.~Elliot and C.C.~Wright},
title = {The collapse of parking enforcement in large towns: some
causes and solutions},
year = 1982,
month = JUN,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 23,
number = 6,
pages = {304--310},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{ElmBadMil99,
author = {A.~Elmi and Daniel A.~Badoe and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Transferability Analysis of Work-Trip Distribution Models},
year = 1999,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1676,
pages = {169--176},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, canada},
abstract = {
An empirical study of the temporal transferability properties of
entropy-type trip-distribution models, applied within a fixed
geographic region, is presented. Data for the study were drawn
from three travel surveys conducted in 1964, 1986, and 1996 in
the Toronto region. Very long transfer periods were examined,
and a wide variety of model specifications were tested. These
specifications ranged from the simple proportional flow model
to an occupationally stratified, doubly constrained entropy
model, for which spatial separation was measured by highway
travel time. These models were estimated using data from 1964
and 1986. The estimated 1964 models were transferred to 1986
and 1996 to predict the distribution of travel. The 1986 models
also were transferred to 1996 to predict the distribution of
travel. Results showed that the travel-time parameter was not
temporally stable. However, pragmatically, the transferred
models were found to provide forecasts very comparable to those
generated by models estimated in the respective application
contexts. Improved model specification consistently resulted in
improved precision of the forecasts obtained. In particular,
stratification of the data by worker occupation category resulted
in models with the best fit to estimation data, as well as
forecasts. However, from a decision- oriented perspective, the
improvement in precision obtained from additional complexity in
specification did not warrant a recommendation for use of more
complex models. Thus, the simple, doubly constrained entropy
model with spatial separation measured by highway travel time
appears satisfactory for use in practical modeling efforts.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Elv00,
author = {Rune Elvik},
title = {Which are the relevant costs and benefits of road safety
measures designed for pedestrians and cyclists?},
year = 2000,
journal = {Accident Analysis and Prevention},
volume = 32,
pages = {37--45},
keywords = {bicycle collisions, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, finance}
}
@ARTICLE{Elv01,
author = {Rune Elvik},
title = {Improving road safety in {N}orway and {S}weden: analysing the
efficiency of policy priorities},
year = 2001,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 42,
number = 1,
pages = {9--16},
keywords = {prioritisation, streets, bicycle collisions}
}
@ARTICLE{Elv01b,
author = {Rune Elvik},
title = {Area-wide urban traffic calming schemes: a meta-analysis of
safety effects},
year = 2001,
journal = {Accident Analysis and Prevention},
volume = 33,
pages = {327--336},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, traffic calming, bicycle collisions}
}
@ARTICLE{EmeCruBor03,
author = {J.~Emery and C.~Crump and P.~Bors},
title = {Reliability and validity of two instruments designed to assess
the walking and bicycling suitability of sidewalks and roads},
year = 2003,
journal = {American Journal of Health Promotion},
volume = 18,
number = 1,
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, active transportation}
}
@TECHREPORT{Ene94,
author = {{Energy Pathways, Inc.}},
title = {Condominium Parking Standards in {M}ississauga},
year = 1994,
institution = {Canadian Mortgage and Housing Association},
address = {Ottawa, ON, Canada},
keywords = {transport planning, parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Eng93,
author = {Kim V.L.~England},
title = {Suburban Pink Collar Ghettos: the Spatial Entrapment of
Women?},
year = 1993,
journal = {Annals of the Association of American Geographers},
volume = 83,
number = 2,
pages = {225--242},
keywords = {equity, gender, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Eno02,
author = {M.~Enoch},
title = {{UK} Parking Cash Out Experience, and Lessons from
{C}alifornia},
year = 2002,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 48,
number = 5,
pages = {184--187},
keywords = {parking}
}
@TECHREPORT{EPA00,
author = {{U.S.~Environmental Protection Agency}},
title = {Projecting Land-Use Change: A Summary of Models for Assessing
the Effects of Community Growth and Change on Land-Use Patterns},
number = {EPA/600/R-00/098},
year = 2000,
institution = {U.S.~Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development},
address = {Cincinnati, OH, USA},
keywords = {transport planning},
url = {http://faculty.washington.edu/pwaddell/Models/REPORTfinal2.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Epp94,
author = {Bruce Epperson},
title = {Evaluating suitability of roadways for bicycle use: towards a
cycling level-of-service standard},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1438,
pages = {9--16},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Evi95,
author = {B.~Evill},
title = {Population, urban density and fuel use: Eliminating the
spurious correlation},
year = 1995,
journal = {Urban Policy and Research},
volume = 13,
number = 1,
pages = {29--36},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning},
annote = {
Demonstrated that NewKen89's approach was sound.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Ewi95,
author = {Reid Ewing},
title = {Measuring Transportation Performance},
year = 1995,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 49,
number = 1,
pages = {91--104},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@BOOK{Ewi96,
author = {Reid Ewing},
title = {Best Development Practices: Doing the Right Thing and Making
Money at the Same Time},
year = 1996,
publisher = {The Planners Press},
address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{Ewi97b,
author = {Reid Ewing},
title = {Transportation \& Land Use Innovations: When you can't pave
your way out of congestion},
year = 1997,
publisher = {American Planning Association},
address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Ewi99,
author = {Reid Ewing},
title = {Traffic Calming: State of the Practice},
year = 1999,
institution = {Institute of Transportation Engineers/Federal Highway
Administration},
keywords = {traffic calming, streets}
}
@ARTICLE{Ewi01,
author = {Reid Ewing},
title = {Impacts of Traffic Calming},
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
year = 2001,
volume = 55,
number = 1,
pages = {33--45},
keywords = {urban planning, traffic calming}
}
@TECHREPORT{EwiBarWinWalChe07,
author = {Reid Ewing and Keith Bartholomew and Steve Winkelman and
Jerry Walters and Don Chen},
title = {Growing Cooler: The Evidence on Urban Development and Climate
Change},
year = 2007,
institution = {Urban Land Institute},
url = {http://www.uli.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Search§ion=Policy_Papers2&template=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentFileID=32909},
keywords = {land use transport link, greenhouse gases}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{EwiCer01,
author = {Reid Ewing and Robert Cervero},
title = {Travel and the built environment---synthesis},
year = 2001,
month = OCT,
booktitle = {Redefining, reevaluating and reinventing transit: the
transportation/land~use/environmental connection},
series = {Annual Policy and Research Symposium Series},
address = {UCLA Conference Center, Lake Arrowhead, CA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, transit, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{EwiHalPag94,
author = {Reid Ewing and Padma Haliyur and G.~William Page},
title = {Getting Around a Traditional City, a Suburban Planned Unit
Development, and Everything in Between},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1466,
pages = {53--62},
keywords = {transport planning, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{EwiKoo97,
author = {Reid Ewing and C.~Kooshian},
title = {{U.S.} Experience with Traffic Calming},
year = 1997,
month = AUG,
journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal},
volume = 8,
number = 7,
pages = {28--33},
keywords = {traffic calming, streets}
}
@TECHREPORT{EwiPenChe02,
author = {Reid Ewing and Rolf Pendall and Don Chen},
title = {Measuring Sprawl and its Impact},
year = 2002,
institution = {Smart Growth America},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
url = {http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/sprawlindex/MeasuringSprawl.PDF},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{EwiSchGre04,
author = {Reid Ewing and William Schroeer and William Greene},
title = {School Location and Student Travel: Analysis of Factors
Affecting Mode Choice},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1895,
pages = {55--63},
keywords = { pedestrian planning, bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{FagEgy99,
author = {Ardeshir Faghri and Erika Egyh{\'a}ziov{\'a}},
title = {Development of a Computer Simulation Model of Mixed Motor
Vehicle and Bicycle Traffic on an Urban Road Network},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1674,
year = 1999,
pages = {86--93},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transport modelling},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1674-012.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Fai72,
author = {Ray Fair},
title = {Disequilibrium in Housing Models},
journal = {Journal of Finance},
volume = 27,
number = 2,
pages = {207--221},
year = 1972,
month = MAY,
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@TECHREPORT{Fee86,
author = {B.P.~Feeney},
title = {A Review of the Impact of Parking Policy Measures on Travel
Demand},
year = 1986,
institution = {Swedish Road and Traffic Research Institute},
type = {VTI Rapport},
number = {308A},
address = {Linkoping, Sweden},
keywords = {parking, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Fee89,
author = {B.P.~Feeney},
title = {A Review of the Impact of Parking Policy Measures on Travel
Demand},
year = 1989,
journal = {Transportation Planning and Technology},
volume = 13,
pages = {229--234},
keywords = {parking}
}
@TECHREPORT{FeiHoyMcNMooCamLea03,
author = {Sharon Feigon and David Hoyt and Lisa Mc{N}ally and Ryan
Mooney-Bullock and Sara Campbell and Dennis Leach},
title = {Travel Matters: Mitigating Climate Change With Sustainable
Surface Transportation},
year = 2003,
type = {Report},
number = 93,
institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation Research Board},
address = {Washington, D.C.},
url = {http://www.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_93.pdf&ei=EQo9R5v8K4rWigG0seCYCA&usg=AFQjCNGdHBFJhGgH8kEyYZHYRuyf5fUUPw&sig2=nP9bG43DTunxOI8uzz4PLA},
keywords = {transport planning, greenhouse gases}
}
@ARTICLE{FeiRot04,
author = {Eran Feitelson and Orit Rotem},
title = {The case for taxing surface parking},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 9,
number = 4,
pages = {319--333},
abstract = {
Surface parking generates multiple externalities. If left to the
market the supply of parking is likely to be suboptimal. But
parking requirements ignore most of the externalities. This
paper suggests that a tax approach may be a more efficient
method to internalize the externalities associated with parking
provision, thereby assuring an optimal supply of parking.
However, in practice it is infeasible to value all
externalities in monetary terms and to set such a tax. Hence, a
suboptimal flat surface parking tax is advanced. In addition to
its contribution to the reduction of externalities from land
cover, this tax is likely to have several noteworthy positive
attributes. It is simple to assess. It will provide an
incentive for intensifying the use of parking. It may also
increase the attractiveness of providing underground parking
relative to surface parking, thereby reducing the
attractiveness of suburban retail centers relative to central
cities. A discussion of implementation issues suggests that a
surface parking tax may face relatively low transaction costs.
These will be largely a function of the use of revenues. Hence,
the use of revenues should be specified when such a tax is
proposed.
},
keywords = {parking, transport planning }
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Fel94,
author = {Martin Fellendorf},
title = {{VISSIM}: {E}in {I}nstrument zur {B}eurteilung
verkehrsabh{\"a}ngiger {S}teuerungen},
year = 1994,
booktitle = {{T}agungsband zum {K}olloqium ``{V}erkehrsabh{\"a}ngige
{S}teuerung am {K}notenpunkt''},
publisher = {{F}orschungsgesellschaft f{\"u}r {S}trassen- und
{V}erkehrswesen},
address = {K{\"o}ln (Cologne), Germany},
pages = {58--68},
keywords = {transport modelling},
annote = { This guy is the chief researcher at PTV AG (makers of
VISSIM) }
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Fel94b,
author = {Martin Fellendorf},
title = {{VISSIM}: A Microscopic Simulation Tool to Evaluate Actuated
Signal Control including Bus Priority},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 64th {ITE} Annual Meeting},
year = 1994,
month = OCT,
publisher = {Institute of Traffic Engineers},
address = {Dallas, TX, USA},
keywords = {transport modelling},
url = {http://www.itc-world.com/docs/1994 ITE VISSIM Bus Priority.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Fer90,
author = {Erik Ferguson},
title = {Transportation Demand Management: Planning, Development and
Implementation},
year = 1990,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 56,
number = 4,
pages = {442--456},
keywords = {transportation demand management, transport planning}
}
@BOOK{Fer98,
author = {Erik Ferguson},
title = {Transportation Demand Management},
year = 1998,
publisher = {American Planning Association},
address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
keywords = {transportation demand management}
}
@INCOLLECTION{FerDro92,
author = {J.~Ferber and A.~Drogoul},
title = {Using reactive multi-agent systems in simulation and problem
solving},
year = 1992,
editor = {L.~Gasser and N.~Avouris},
booktitle = {Distributed Artificial Intelligence: Theory and practice},
publisher = {Kluwer},
address = {Dordrecht, Germany},
keywords = {computer science}
}
@BOOK{FHWA89,
author = {{U.S.~Federal Highway Administration}},
title = {Highway Statistics 1989},
year = {1989},
publisher = {U.S.~Department of Transportation},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{FGSV96,
author = {Forschungsgesellschaft f{\"u}r {S}tra{\ss}en- und
{V}erkehrswesen},
title = {Empfehlungen f{\"u}r {R}adverkehrsanlagen {ERA} 95},
year = 1996,
institution = {FGSV},
address = {Cologne, Germany},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{FHWA91,
author = {{U.S.~Federal Highway Administration}},
title = {Highway Statistics 1991},
year = {1991},
publisher = {U.S.~Department of Transportation},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{FHWA99-2,
author = {{U.S.~Federal Highway Administration}},
title = {Guidebook on Methods to Estimate Non-Motorized Travel:
Supporting Documentation},
year = 1999,
number = {FHWA-RD-98-166},
institution = {U.S.~Department of Transportation},
keywords = {transport planning, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning},
url = {http://www.walkinginfo.org/task_orders/to_12/to12/vol2/title.htm}
}
@TECHREPORT{Fie01,
author = {R.~Field},
title = {Are You Being Squeezed at Road Narrowings?},
year = 2001,
institution = {Cyclists' Touring Club},
address = {Godalming, Surrey, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{FieKle93,
author = {G.J.~Fielding and D.B.~Klein},
title = {How to Franchise Highways},
year = 1993,
journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy},
volume = 27,
number = 2,
pages = {113--130},
keywords = {transport planning, congestion pricing}
}
@ARTICLE{Fil88,
author = {Pierre Filion},
title = {The Neighbourhood Improvement Plan, {M}ontreal and {T}oronto:
contrasts between a participatory and a centralized approach to urban
policy making},
journal = {Urban History Review},
year = 1988,
volume = 17,
pages = {16--28},
keywords = {urban planning, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{Fil95,
author = {Pierre Filion},
title = {Planning proposals and urban development trends: can the gap
be bridged?},
year = 1995,
journal = {Plan Canada},
volume = 35,
number = 5,
pages = {17--19},
keywords = {urban planning, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{Fil99,
author = {Pierre Filion},
title = {Rupture or continuity? Modern and postmodern planning in
{T}oronto},
journal = {International Journal of Urban and Regional Research},
year = 1999,
volume = 23,
pages = {423--444},
url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1468-2427.00206},
keywords = {urban planning, canada}
}
@TECHREPORT{Fil07,
author = {Pierre Filion},
title = {The {U}rban {G}rowth {C}entres Strategy in the {G}reater
{G}olden {H}orseshoe: Lessons from Downtowns, Nodes, and Corridors},
year = 2007,
month = MAY,
series = {Neptis Studies on the Toronto Metropolitan Region},
institution = {The Neptis Foundation},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {urban form, canada, toronto},
url = {http://www.neptis.org/library/cf_download.cfm?file=Filion_electronic_report_20070528.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{FilBun93,
author = {Pierre Filion and Trudi Bunting},
title = {Local power and its limits: Three decades of attempts to
revitalize {K}itchener's {CBD}},
year = 1993,
journal = {Urban History Review},
volume = 12,
pages = {48--70},
keywords = {urban politics, canada, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{FilBunCKPD98,
author = {Pierre Filion and Trudi Bunting and {City of Kitchener Planning
Department}},
title = {Housing Development Potential in {K}itchener's Core Area:
Markets and Recommendations},
year = 1998,
institution = {City of Kitchener},
address = {Kitchener, ON, Canada},
keywords = {urban planning, canada}
}
@BOOK{FilBunCur96,
editor = {Pierre Filion and Trudi Bunting and K.~Curtis},
title = {The Dynamics of the Dispersed City: Geographic and Planning
Perspective on {W}aterloo {R}egion},
year = 1996,
publisher = {University of Waterloo, Department of Geography},
address = {Waterloo, ON, Canada},
keywords = {urban planning, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{FilBunWar99,
author = {Pierre Filion and Trudi Bunting and K.~Warriner},
title = {The Entrenchment of Urban Dispersion: Residential Preferences
and Location Patterns in the Dispersed City},
year = 1999,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 36,
pages = {1317--1347},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@BOOK{Fis76,
author = {C.S.~Fischer},
title = {The urban experience},
year = 1976,
publisher = {Harcourt, Bruce, Jonavich},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@ARTICLE{FitSmi93,
author = {F.~Fitzroy and I.~Smith},
title = {Priority Over Pricing: Lessons from {Z}urich on the Redundacy of
Road Pricing},
year = 1993,
journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy},
volume = 27,
number = 2,
pages = {207--214},
keywords = {transport planning, congestion pricing}
}
@UNPUBLISHED{FleXX,
author = {David Fleming},
title = {Energy and The Common Purpose: Descending the Energy Staircase
with {T}radeable {E}nergy {Q}uotas ({TEQ}s)},
note = {Internet},
url = {http://www.teqs.net/book/teqs.pdf},
keywords = {greenhouse gases, energy}
}
@BOOK{Fog67,
author = {R.~Fogelson},
title = {The Fragmented Metropolis: {L}os {A}ngeles from 1850 to 1930},
year = 1967,
publisher = {Harvard University Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {geography, history, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{For99,
author = {L.~Ford},
title = {Lynch revisited: {N}ew {U}rbanism and theories of good city
form},
year = 1999,
journal = {Cities},
volume = 16,
number = 4,
pages = {247--257},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form, new urbanism}
}
@BOOK{For83,
author = {John Forester},
title = {Bicycle Transportation},
year = 1983,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{For96,
author = {John Forester},
title = {How to make biking a real alternative},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation and Environment},
volume = 21,
pages = {59--61},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{For01,
author = {John Forester},
title = {The Bicycle Transportation Controversy},
year = 2001,
month = {Spring},
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 55,
number = 2,
pages = {7--17},
url = {http://www.johnforester.com/Articles/Facilities/TransQuart01.htm},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{ForColHas97,
author = {Jon F.~Forni and Thorburn Colquhoun and David Hasen},
title = {The Use of Coloured Surfacing in Road Layout},
year = 1997,
month = SEP,
booktitle = {European Transport Forum Annual Meeting, Traffic
Management and Road Safety},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
annote = {
Quote: Forni, Colquhoun and Hasen reported in 1997 a study of the use of
coloured surfacing in road layouts in Europe. They found that
the colour red is the most commonly used pavement colour for
road safety in Europe. However, colours including yellow and
other combination colours have been successfully used to reduce
speeds and collisions. The study suggested adopting green
coloured surfacing for schemes that aim to identify sections of
road for use by certain vehicles such as buses or bicycles.
}
}
@ARTICLE{ForGleWar96,
author = {D.~Forrest and J.~Glen and R.~Ward},
title = {The impacts of a light rail system on the structure of house
prices: a hedonic longitudinal study},
year = 1996,
journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy},
volume = 30,
number = 1,
pages = {15--30},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning}
}
@BOOK{For69,
author = {J.W.~Forrester},
title = {Urban Dynamics},
year = 1969,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@BOOK{ForMiy84,
author = {Adrian Forsyth and Ken Miyata},
title = {Tropical Nature},
publisher = {Macmillan},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
year = 1984,
keywords = {ecology}
}
@ARTICLE{FotWon91,
author = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and D.W.~Wong},
title = {The modifiable areal unit problem and multivariate analysis},
year = 1991,
journal = {Environment and Planning A},
volume = 23,
pages = {1025--1044},
keywords = {spatial modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Fra84,
author = {M.~Francis},
title = {Mapping downtown activity},
year = 1984,
journal = {Journal of Architectural and Planning Research},
volume = 1,
pages = {21--35},
keywords = {urban planning, pedestrian planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Fra94,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank},
title = {Impacts of Mixed Used and Density on Utilization of Three
Modes of Travel: Single-Occupant Vehicle, Transit, Walking},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1466,
pages = {44--52},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{Fra98,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank},
title = {Improving Air Quality through Growth Management and Travel
Reduction Strategies},
year = 1998,
journal = {Journal of Urban Planning and Development},
volume = 124,
number = 1,
pages = {11--32},
keywords = {transport planning, transportation demand management, urban form, greenhouse gases},
abstract = {
Land-use impacts on travel demand and vehicle emissions is
emerging as a topic of major interest, as several regions
around the nation struggle to demonstrate conformance with the
requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA).
The implementation of the CAAA threatens the withholding of
federal transportation funding from several regions unable to
demonstrate the ability to meet milestone reductions in
emissions required by the CAAA. A case study of a network of
policies emerging in Washington State as part of growth
management efforts is presented. These policies, when coupled
with federal clean air (CAAA) and surface transportation
legislation (ISTEA), provide a framework for the
implementation of land-use strategies that are associated with
less vehicular travel and emissions. A review of the land
development and transportation investment policies espoused in
newly adopted local comprehensive plans in the Central Puget
Sound Region of Washington State are presented. This review
indicates a shift toward planning solutions that could result
in reduced vehicle emissions if implemented.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Fra00,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank},
title = {Land use and transportation interaction: implications on
public health and quality of life},
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
year = 2000,
month = SEP,
volume = 20,
number = 1,
pages = {6--22},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, active transportation, land use transport link},
url = {http://www.act-trans.ubc.ca/documents/Frank\%20-\%20JPER\%20-\%202000.pdf},
abstract = {
Increases in per capita vehicle usage and associated emissions have
spawned
an increased the examination of the ways in which our communities and
regions are developing. Associated with increased vehicle usage are
decreased levels of walking and biking, two valid forms of physical
activity. The Surgeon General's 1996 report, Physical Activity and
Health, highlights the increasing level of physical inactivity as a
growing cause of mortality. The costs and benefits of contrasting land
development and transportation investment practices have been the
subject of considerable debate in the literature. Findings have
been refuted based on methodological grounds and inaccurate
interpretation of data. Several of these studies, their methodological
approaches, and their critiques are analyzed. While most agree that the
built environment influences travel, considerable disagreement exists
over the likely impacts of increased density, mix, and street
connectivity on air quality, transportation system performance, and
household activity patterns.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Fra01,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank},
title = {Transportation, Air Quality and Thinking Big: Pollution
Control Requires a Holistic Approach},
year = 2001,
journal = {T.R.~News},
volume = 213,
pages = {35--37},
keywords = {energy, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Fra02,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank},
title = {Land Use and Transportation},
year = 2002,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Environment Research Needs in
Transportation},
publisher = {Transportation Research Board},
pages = {127--137},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{FraDun98,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Robert T.~Dunphy},
title = {{S}mart {G}rowth and Transportation},
year = 1998,
month = MAY,
journal = {Urban Land},
volume = 76,
number = 5,
pages = {58--63},
publisher = {Urban Land Institute},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{FraEng00,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Peter O.~Engelke},
title = {An Annotated Bibliography of Research on Land Development and
Transportation Practices that Impact Physical Activity and Health},
year = 2000,
month = JAN,
institution = {Active Community Environments},
type = {Working Paper},
number = 2,
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, active transportation, urban form, land use transport link, urban planning},
url = {http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/pdf/aces-workingpaper2.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{FraEng01,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Peter O.~Engelke},
title = {The built environment and human activity patterns: exploring
the impacts of urban form on public health},
year = 2001,
month = NOV,
journal = {Journal of Planning Literature},
volume = 16,
number = 2,
pages = {202--218},
keywords = {active transportation, urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link},
url = {http://www.act-trans.ubc.ca/documents/Frank\%20and\%20Engelke\%20-\%20JPL\%20-\%202001.pdf},
abstract = {
An increasing body of evidence suggests that moderate forms of
physical activity (such as walking and bicycling), when engaged
in regularly, can have important beneficial effects on public
health. This article reviews current public health, planning,
and urban design research to determine, first, how walking and
bicycling might be critically important exercise behaviors for
improving public health, second, how urban form affects the
frequency of walking and bicycling as a form of physical
activity, and third, how the public health considerations
outlined in this article might reorient planners' thinking
toward the realization of health-promotive environments. The
current lack of emphasis on the interdependencies between built
form and overall quality of life, as measured by health,
safety, and welfare considerations, suggests the need for a
rethinking of public policy approaches to transportation
investment and land development.
}
}
@ARTICLE{FraEng04,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Peter O.~Engelke},
title = {Multiple Impacts of Urban Form on Public Health},
year = 2004,
journal = {International Regional Science Review},
keywords = {active transportation, urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@BOOK{FraEngSch03,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Peter O.~Engelke and Thomas L.~Schmid},
title = {Health and Community Design: The Impacts of the Built
Environment on Physical Activity},
publisher = {Island Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
year = 2003,
keywords = {active transportation, urban planning, pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, urban form, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@TECHREPORT{FraEngSchKil01,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Peter O.~Engelke and Thomas L.~Schmid
and Richard E.~Killingsworth},
title = {How Land Use and Transportation Systems Impact Public Health:
A Literature Review of the Relationship Between Physical Activity
and Built Form},
year = 2001,
institution = {Active Community Environments},
number = 1,
type = {Working Paper},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, active transportation, land use transport link, urban form},
url = {http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/pdf/aces-workingpaper1.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{FraSalConChaSaeBac06,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and James F.~Sallis and Terry L.~Conway and
James E.~Chapman and Brian E.~Saelens and William Bachman},
title = {Many Pathways from Land Use to Health: Associations between
Neighborhood Walkability and Active Transportation, Body Mass Index,
and Air Quality},
year = 2006,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 72,
number = 1,
pages = {75--87},
url = {http://www.act-trans.ubc.ca/documents/JAPA-06-Franketal.pdf},
keywords = {active transportation}
}
@ARTICLE{FraSchSalChaSae05,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Thomas L.~Schmid and James F.~Sallis
and James E.~Chapman and Brian E.~Saelens},
title = {Linking objectively measured physical activity with
objectively measured urban form: Findings from {SMARTRAQ}},
year = 2005,
journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},
volume = 28,
number = {2S2},
pages = {117--125},
url = {http://www.act-trans.ubc.ca/documents/jpm-feb05.pdf},
keywords = {active transportation}
}
@ARTICLE{FraStoBac00,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Brian Stone and William Bachman},
title = {Linking land use with household vehicle emissions in the
{C}entral {P}uget {S}ound: Methodological framework and findings},
year = 2000,
month = MAY,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 5,
number = 3,
pages = {173--196},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link},
url = {http://www.act-trans.ubc.ca/documents/Frank\%20et\%20al\%20-\%20TR\%20-\%202000.pdf},
abstract = {
A leading cause of air pollution in many urban regions is mobile
source emissions that are largely attributable to household
vehicle travel. While household travel patterns have been
previously related with land use in the literature (Crane, R.,
1996. Journal of the American Planning Association 62
(1, Winter); Cervero, R. and Kockelman, C., 1997.
Transportation Research Part D 2 (3), 199--219), little
work has been conducted that effectively extends this
relationship to vehicle emissions. This paper describes a
methodology for quantifying relationships between land use,
travel choices, and vehicle emissions within the Seattle,
Washington region. Our analysis incorporates land use measures of
density and mix which affect the proximity of trip origins to
destinations; a measure of connectivity which impacts the
directness and completeness of pedestrian and motorized
linkages; vehicle trip generation by operating mode; vehicle
miles/h of travel and speed; and estimated household vehicle
emissions of nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and
carbon monoxide. The data used for this project consists of the
Puget Sound Transportation Panel Travel Survey, the 1990 US
Census, employment density data from the Washington State
Employment Security Office, and information on Seattle's
vehicle fleet mix and climatological attributes provided by the
Washington State Department of Ecology. Analyses are based on a
cross-sectional research design in which comparisons are made
of variations in household travel demand and emissions across
alternative urban form typologies. Base emission rates from
MOBILE5a and separate engine start rates are used to calculate
total vehicle emissions in grams accounting for fleet
characteristics and other inputs reflecting adopted
transportation control measures. Emissions per trip are based
on the network distance of each trip, average travel speed, and
a multi-stage engine operating mode (cold start, hot start, and
stabilized) function.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{FreDal88,
author = {Jean Frebault and Christiane Dalmais},
title = {Transports en commun et politique urbaine dans l'agglomération
{L}yonnaise},
year = 1988,
institution = {Agence d'Urbanisme de la Communauté Urbaine de Lyon},
address = {Lyon, France},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@BOOK{Fre75,
author = {J.~Freedman},
title = {Crowding and behaviour},
year = 1975,
publisher = {Viking},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Fri63,
author = {M.~Fried},
title = {Grieving for a Lost Home},
year = 1963,
booktitle = {The Urban Condition},
editor = {J.~Duhl},
pages = {151--171},
publisher = {Simon \& Schuster},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {sociology, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{FriGorPee94,
author = {B.~Friedman and S.P.~Gordon and J.B.~Peers},
title = {Effects of neotraditional neighborhood design on travel
characteristics},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1466,
pages = {63--70},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@BOOK{Fro91,
author = {L.~Frost},
title = {The new urban frontier: Urbanisation and city building in
{A}ustralasia and the {A}merican {W}est},
year = 1991,
publisher = {University of New South Wales Press},
address = {Sydney, Australia},
keywords = {history, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Fro90,
author = {T.~Froitzheim},
title = {Fahrradstationen an {B}ahnofen: {M}odelle, {C}hancen,
{R}isiken},
year = 1990,
address = {D{\"u}sseldorf, Germany},
institution = {ADFC-Nordrhein-Westfalen},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{FruFraJac04,
author = {Howard Frumkin and Lawrence D.~Frank and Richard Jackson},
title = {Urban sprawl and public health: designing, planning, and
building for healthy communities},
publisher = {Island Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
year = 2004,
keywords = {active transportation, urban planning, pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, urban form, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{FukMor07,
author = {D.~Fukuda and S.~Morichi},
title = {Incorporating aggregate behavior in an individual's discrete
choice: An application to analyzing illegal bicycle parking behavior},
year = 2007,
month = MAY,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 41,
number = 4,
pages = {313--325},
keywords = {parking, bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{FulSan02,
editor = {Ray Fuller and Jorge A.~Santos},
title = {Human Factors for Highway Engineers},
year = {2002},
publisher = {Pergamon}
}
@ARTICLE{FulMesNolTho00,
author = {L.~Fulton and D.~Meszler and R.~Noland and J.~Thomas},
title = {A statistical analysis of induced travel effects in the
{U.S.~M}id-{A}tlantic region},
year = 2000,
journal = {Journal of Transportation and Statistics},
volume = 3,
number = 1,
pages = {1--14},
keywords = {induced travel, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{Gad85,
author = {Gunter Gad},
title = {Office location dynamics in {T}oronto: suburbanization and
central district specialization},
year = 1985,
journal = {Urban Geography},
volume = 6,
pages = {331--351},
keywords = {location choice, urban planning, canada, geography}
}
@ARTICLE{Gaf03,
author = {Philine Gaffron},
title = {The implementation of walking and cycling policies in {B}ritish
local authorities},
year = 2003,
month = JUL,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 10,
number = 3,
pages = {235--244},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning}
}
@ARTICLE{GalHanRatWolColFre01,
author = {G.~Galster and R.~Hanson and M.~Ratcliffe and H.~Wolman and
S.~Coleman and J.~Freihage},
title = {Wrestling sprawl to the ground: Defining and measuring an
elusive concept},
year = {2001},
journal = {Housing Policy Debate},
volume = 12,
number = 4,
pages = {681--717},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{GanDea72,
author = {C.~Gannon and M.~Dean},
title = {Rapid Transit and Office Development},
year = 1972,
journal = {Traffic Quarterly},
volume = 29,
number = 2,
pages = {223--242},
keywords = {transit, urban planning, land use transport link}
}
@BOOK{Gan62,
author = {H.~Gans},
title = {The Urban Villagers: Group and Class Life in the Life of
{I}talian-{A}mericans},
year = 1962,
publisher = {Free Press},
address = {Glencoe, NY, USA},
keywords = {sociology, urban planning}
}
@BOOK{Gan68,
author = {H.~Gans},
title = {People and Plans: Essay on Urban Problems and Solutions},
year = 1968,
publisher = {Basic},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {sociology, urban planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Gan82,
author = {J.Th.~Gantvoort},
title = {Pedestrian planning in the {N}etherlands},
year = 1982,
month = JUL,
booktitle = {World Developments in Pedestrian Planning},
address = {Glasgow, UK},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{GarLedPul98,
author = {Per G{\aa}rder and Lars Leden and Urho Pulkkinen},
title = {Measuring the Safety Effect of Raised Bicycle Crossings Using
a New Research Methodology},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1636,
year = 1998,
pages = {64--70},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1636-010.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{Gar98,
author = {G.~Gardner},
title = {Transport implications of leisure cycling},
year = 1998,
number = 347,
address = {London, UK},
institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
abstract = {
This research considers the links between leisure cycling, purely
for the enjoyment of it, and cycling for more utility purposes,
such as to work. Surveys of more than 500 leisure cyclists,
non-cyclists and those who cycle to work have been
completed along with depth interviews and discussion groups. The
main focus of the work is to understand what are the differences
between the perceptions of leisure cycling and utility cycling and
to determine how this might be overcome in order to increase the
use of cycling for utility journeys. Recommendations are made of
the type of facility and promotional means that might encourage
more people to move from leisure cycling to utility cycling.
}
}
@ARTICLE{GarRosLo07,
author = {J.~Garrard and G.~Rose and S.~Lo},
title = {Promoting transportation cycling for women: The role of
bicycle infrastructure},
year = 2007,
journal = {Preventive Medicine},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{Gar91,
author = {Joel Garreau},
title = {Edge City: Life on the New Frontier},
year = 1991,
publisher = {Anchor Doubleday},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, urban politics}
}
@ARTICLE{GatApp07,
author = {Birgitta Gatersleben and Katherine M.~Appleton},
title = {Contemplating cycling to work: attitudes and perceptions in
different stages of change},
year = 2007,
month = MAY,
volume = 41,
number = 4,
pages = {302--312},
doi = {10.1016/j.tra.2006.09.002},
journal = {Transportation Research A},
abstract = {
In 1996 the UK government introduced the National Cycle Strategy
which aimed to double the number of cycling trips by the end of
2002 and double them again by 2012. So far, however, these targets
have not been met. The House of Commons ascribes this to ``a
fundamental lack of commitment to cycling on an individual,
regional and national level''. This paper addresses the
individual level by examining the views of commuters in different
stages of change as distinguished by Prochaska\u2019s model
[Prochaska, J.O., DiClemente, C.C., 1984. The Transtheoretical
Approach: Crossing Traditional Boundaries of Change. Dow
Jones/Irwin, Homewood IL]. This model views behaviour change as a
process rather than an event. Two studies were conducted amongst
university staff and students: a survey study and an action study.
The studies showed that as people progress from precontemplation to
action their attitudes towards cycling become more positive and
their perceptions of various personal and external barriers change.
This suggests that different strategies are necessary to move
people in different stages of change to action and maintenance. At
the moment, it seems that regular cyclists form a very small
minority of people who will cycle under most circumstances simply
because they like cycling. The majority of people have never
contemplated cycling. There is, however, also a group of people who
would like to cycle and could be persuaded to cycle under the right
circumstances.},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle attitudes}
}
@BOOK{Gat83,
author = {A.C.~Gatrell},
title = {Distance and Space: A Geographical Perspective},
year = 1983,
publisher = {Clarendon Press},
address = {Oxford, UK},
keywords = {spatial modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{GatSmi93,
author = {D.~Gatzlaff and M.~Smith},
title = {The impact of the {M}iami {M}etrorail on the value of
residences near station locations},
year = 1993,
journal = {Land Economics},
volume = 69,
number = 1,
pages = {54--66},
keywords = {land use transport link, transit, transport planning}
}
@BOOK{Geh71,
author = {Jan Gehl},
title = {Livet mellom husene (Life between buildings)},
year = 1971,
publisher = {Kunstakademiets arkitekth{\o}gskole},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Geh80,
author = {Jan Gehl},
title = {The Residential Street Environment},
year = 1980,
journal = {Built Environment},
volume = 6,
number = 1,
pages = {51--61},
keywords = {urban planning, pedestrian planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Geh86,
author = {Jan Gehl},
title = {Soft Edges in Residential Streets},
year = 1986,
month = MAY,
journal = {Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research},
volume = 3,
number = 2,
pages = {89--102},
keywords = {urban planning, pedestrian planning}
}
@BOOK{Geh87,
author = {Jan Gehl},
title = {Life Between Buildings: Using Public Space},
year = 1987,
publisher = {Van Nostrand Reinhold},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, urban design, pedestrian planning}
}
@BOOK{Geh01,
author = {Jan Gehl},
title = {Life between buildings},
year = 2001,
edition = {4th},
publisher = {Arkitektens Forlag},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
keywords = {urban planning},
url = {http://www.rudi.net/bookshelf/classics/lifebetweenbuildings/index.shtml}
}
@TECHREPORT{GehGem96,
author = {Jan Gehl and L.~Gemz{\o}e},
title = {Public spaces, public life},
year = 1996,
institution = {City of Copenhagen},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Ger99,
author = {Christian Gerondeau},
title = {Moving Peopl and Goods in Europe},
booktitle = {Driving {A}merica Conference},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
year = 1999,
keywords = {transport planning, transit}
}
@TECHREPORT{GeuRit02,
author = {K.T.~Geurs and Ritsema van Eck, J.R.},
title = {
Accessibility
measures: review and applications; Evaluation of
accessibility impacts of land-use transportation scenarios,
and related social and economic impact)},
year = 2002,
month = JUN,
institution = {National Institution for Public Health and the Environment},
address = {Bilthoven, The Netherlands},
number = 408505006,
abstract = {
This report describes an extensive literature study and three case
studies aimed at reviewing accessibility measures for their ability
to evaluate the accessibility impacts of national land-use and
transport scenarios, and related social and economic impacts.
Several activity- and utility-based accessibility measures were
computed to analyse job accessibility by car and public transport
in the Netherlands for: (1) the (base) year 1995, (2) a Trend, or
business-as-usual, scenario, representing the continuation of
(restrictive) Dutch land-use policies and historical land-use
trends for 1995-2020, (2) a Tolerant scenario, representing a
land-use scenario, in which consumers' housing preferences
determine land-use developments for 1995-2020. The scenarios are
based on calculations using national land-use models and a national
transport model. The main conclusion arising from this study is
that the current Dutch practice of evaluating the
(infrastructure-based) accessibility impacts of (land-use)
transport projects, plans or scenarios can be improved by
estimating activity-based accessibility measures, using existing
land-use and transport data, and/or models. Activity-based
accessibility measures are very well able to analyse accessibility
impacts, satisfactorily incorporate the different components of
accessibility (i.e. the transport, land-use, temporal and
individual components) and serve as a useful tool for analysing
social impacts. Utility-based accessibility measures may provide a
useful basis for economic evaluations of land-use transport
scenarios, but further research is necessary to analyse the added
value to existing evaluation methods.
},
url = {http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/408505006.html},
keywords = {transport modelling, accessibility}
}
@ARTICLE{GhaWilDarJon98,
author = {Nasir Gharaibeh and Cynthia Wilson and Michael Darter and George
Jones},
title = {Development of a Bike Path Management System for the
{U}niversity of {I}llinois at {U}rbana-{C}hampaign},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1636,
year = 1998,
pages = {56--63},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1636-009.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{GilMcC94,
author = {K.~Gilbert and M.~Mc{C}arthy},
title = {Deaths of cyclists in {L}ondon 1985--92: the hazards of road
traffic},
year = 1994,
month = JUN,
journal = {British Medical Journal},
volume = 308,
pages = {1534--1537},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle collisions}
}
@ARTICLE{Gil77,
author = {David W.~Gillen},
title = {Estimation and Specification of the Effects of Parking Costs
on Urban Transport Mode Choice},
year = 1977,
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
volume = 4,
pages = {186--199},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Gil78,
author = {David W.~Gillen},
title = {Parking Policy, Parking Location Decisions and the
Distribution of Congestion},
year = 1978,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 7,
number = 1,
pages = {69--86},
keywords = {parking, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Gil93,
author = {David W.~Gillen},
title = {Investing in Infrastructure: will it really yield a more
competitive nation?},
year = 1993,
journal = {ITS Review},
volume = 16,
number = 3,
pages = {2--3},
keywords = {finance}
}
@BOOK{Gil02,
author = {Oliver Gillham},
title = {The Limitless City: A Primer on the Urban Sprawl Debate},
year = 2002,
publisher = {Island Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning},
priority = 2,
annote = {
Seems reasonable, with a more balanced coverage of the debate than
others (GorRic97, even Ewi97).
}
}
@ARTICLE{Giu89,
author = {Genevieve Giuliano},
title = {New directions for understanding transportation and land use},
year = 1989,
journal = {Environment and Planning A},
volume = 21,
pages = {145--159},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{Giu95,
author = {Genevieve Giuliano},
title = {The Weakening Transportation-Land Use Connection},
year = 1995,
journal = {Access Magazine},
volume = 6,
pages = {3--11},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{GiuSma91,
author = {Genevieve Giuliano and Kenneth A.~Small},
title = {Subcenters in the {L}os {A}ngeles Region},
year = 1991,
journal = {Regional Science and Urban Economics},
volume = 21,
number = 2,
pages = {163--182},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{GiuSma93,
author = {Genevieve Giuliano and Kenneth A.~Small},
title = {Is the journey to work explained by urban structure?},
year = 1993,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 30,
pages = {1485--1500},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{Gla00,
author = {E.L.~Glaeser},
title = {Cities and ethics: An essay for {J}ane {J}acobs},
year = 2000,
journal = {Journal of Urban Affairs},
volume = 22,
number = 4,
pages = {473--493},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{God00,
author = {Tom Godefrooj},
title = {Segregation or Integration? {T}he {D}utch approach},
year = 2000,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo Mondiale 2000},
address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle segregation},
url = {http://www.velomondial.net/velomondiall2000/PDF/GODEFROO.PDF}
}
@BOOK{Goe94,
author = {Sally Goerner},
title = {Chaos and the Evolving Ecological Universe},
year = 1994,
address = {Langhorne, PA, USA},
publisher = {Gordon and Breach},
keywords = {mathematics, ecology}
}
@BOOK{Goe99,
author = {Sally Goerner},
title = {After the Clockwork Universe: The Emerging Science and Culture
of Integral Society},
year = 1999,
address = {Edinburgh, UK},
publisher = {Floris},
keywords = {mathematics, sociology}
}
@BOOK{GolMer86,
author = {Michael A.~Goldberg and John Mercer},
title = {The Myth of the {N}orth {A}merican City},
year = 1986,
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
publisher = {University of British Columbia Press},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{GolYanHar02,
author = {J.~Golias and G.~Yannis and M.~Harvatis},
title = {Off-street parking choice sensitivity},
year = 2002,
journal = {Transportation Planning and Technology},
volume = 25,
number = 4,
pages = {333--348},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Gom91,
author = {Jose A.~Gomez-Iba{\~n}ez},
title = {A Global View of Automobile Dependence},
year = 1991,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
pages = {376--379},
volume = 57,
number = 3,
keywords = { transport planning },
annote = {Book review (of NewKen89?)}
}
@ARTICLE{GomMey90,
author = {Jose A.~Gomez-Iba{\~n}ez and J.~Meyer},
title = {Privatizing and Deregulating Local Public Services: Lessons
from {B}ritain's Buses},
year = 1990,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
pages = {9--21},
volume = 56,
number = 1,
keywords = { transit, transport planning, finance }
}
@MASTERSTHESIS{Gon80,
author = {L.S.Q.~Gonzales},
title = {Short run bus transit planning: demand prediction at the route
level},
year = 1980,
type = {{S.M.}~thesis},
school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil
Engineering},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Goo89,
author = {Phil Goodwin},
title = {The `Rule of Three': A Possible Solution to the Political
Problem of Competing Objectives for Road Pricing.},
year = 1989,
month = OCT,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 30,
number = 10,
keywords = {congestion pricing}
}
@ARTICLE{Goo92,
author = {Phil Goodwin},
title = {A review of demand elasticities with special reference to
short and long run effects of price changes},
year = 1992,
journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy},
volume = 26,
number = 2,
pages = {155--169},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Goo96,
author = {Phil Goodwin},
title = {Empirical Evidence on Induced Traffic},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 23,
number = 1,
pages = {35--54},
keywords = { induced travel, land use transport link }
}
@INCOLLECTION{Goo98,
author = {Phil Goodwin},
title = {The End of Equilibrium},
year = 1998,
booktitle = {Theoretical Foundations of Travel Choice Modelling},
editor = {T.~G{\aa}rling and T.~Laitila and K.~Westin},
publisher = {Pergamon Press},
address = {Oxford, UK},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{GooDarHan04,
author = {Phil Goodwin and J.~Dargay and M.~Hanly},
title = {Elasticities of road traffic and fuel consumption with respect
to price and income: a review},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transport Reviews},
volume = 24,
number = 3,
pages = {275--292},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{GooNol03,
author = {Phil Goodwin and Robert B.~Nolan},
title = {Building new roads really does create extra traffic: a
response to {P}rakesh et al.},
year = 2003,
month = SEP,
journal = {Applied Economics},
volume = 35,
number = 13,
abstract = {
A recent article by Prakash et al. (Applied Economics, 33, 1579-85,
2001) asserted that induced travel effects do not occur.
This paper is criticized on several grounds. It disregards much
of the recent work in this area that has empirically estimated
induced travel relationships. The models specified are
inappropriate for properly addressing this question, both in
their use of road expenditure data (based on a misunderstanding
of how this may relate to traffic growth) and
specification of a model that does not account for other
variables that generally have a large effect on traffic growth
(notably population and income growth). The evidence in the
literature is summarized and an analysis of UK road expenditure
data shows that expenditure is not a good measure of actual
road capacity that is built.
},
keywords = { transport planning, urban planning }
}
@BOOK{Gor91,
author = {D.~Gordon},
title = {Steering a New Course: Transportation, Energy, and the
Environment},
year = 1991,
publisher = {Island Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning, energy}
}
@ARTICLE{GorRic89,
author = {Peter Gordon and Harry Richardson},
title = {Gasoline Consumption and Cities: A Reply},
year = 1989,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 55,
number = 3,
pages = {342--345},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form, transport planning, energy, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{GorRic96,
author = {Peter Gordon and Harry Richardson},
title = {Beyond Polycentricity: The Dispersed Metropolis, {L}os
{A}ngeles, 1970--1990},
year = 1996,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 62,
number = 3,
pages = {161--173},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{GorRic97b,
author = {Peter Gordon and Harry Richardson},
title = {Where's the Sprawl?},
year = 1997,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 63,
number = 1,
pages = {275--278},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{GorRic98,
author = {Peter Gordon and Harry Richardson},
title = {Bicycling in the {U}nited {S}tates: A Fringe Mode?},
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
year = 1998,
month = {Winter},
volume = 52,
number = 1,
pages = {9--11},
keywords = { bicycle planning }
}
@ARTICLE{GorRicJun91,
author = {Peter Gordon and Harry Richardson and Myung-Jin Jun},
title = {The Commuting Paradox: Evidence from the Top Twenty},
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
year = 1991,
volume = 57,
number = 4,
pages = {416--420},
keywords = { transport planning }
}
@MASTERSTHESIS{Gor96,
author = {R.~Gorham},
title = {Regional Planning and Travel Behavior: A Comparative Study of
the {S}an {F}rancisco and {S}tockholm Metropolitan Regions},
year = 1996,
school = {Department of City and Regional Planning, University of
California},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Gra00,
author = {Stephen Graham},
title = {Constructing Premium Network Spaces},
year = 2000,
journal = {International Journal of Urban and Regional Research},
volume = 24,
number = 1,
pages = {182--200},
url = {http://estia.arch.auth.gr/Courses/2U2-18/files/Graham_Network_spaces_2000.pdf},
keywords = {geography, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{GraTasPog02,
author = {Fanis Grammenos and Julie Tasker-{B}rown and Soxag Pogharian},
title = {Residential Street Pattern Design},
year = 2002,
series = {Socio-economic Series},
number = 75,
institution = {Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation},
address = {Ottawa, ON, Canada},
url = {http://kn.fcm.ca/file_download.php?URL_ID=3159&filename=10369596040socio75-e.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=1350698&name=socio75-e.pdf&location=user-S/},
keywords = {urban planning, canada, pedestrian planning, bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{Gra89,
author = {Roberta B.~Gratz},
title = {The living city},
year = 1989,
publisher = {Simon \& Schuster},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, ecology}
}
@BOOK{Gra03,
author = {Sigurd Grava},
title = {Urban Transportation Systems: Choices for Communities},
year = 2003,
publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{GraVanPic94,
author = {S.~Gray and C.~Vance and M.P.~Pickett},
title = {Special parking areas in {L}ondon},
year = 1994,
institution = {Transport Research Laboratory},
address = {London, UK},
number = {TRL-97-279},
keywords = {parking}
}
@BOOK{GreJam93,
author = {R.~Green and O.~James},
title = {Rail Transit Station Area Development: Small Area Modeling in
{W}ashington, {D.C.}},
year = 1993,
publisher = {M.E.~Sharpe Publishers},
address = {Armonk, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, transit}
}
@TECHREPORT{Gua01,
author = {Jeffrey Guan},
title = {Population Synthesis for the {ILUTE} Model},
year = 2001,
type = {Working Paper},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
institution = {Joint Program in Transportation, University of Toronto},
keywords = {ilute, population synthesis}
}
@TECHREPORT{GutDavGar01,
author = {N.~Guthrie and D.G.~Davies and G.~Gardner},
title = {Cyclist's assessments of road and traffic conditions: the
development of a cyclability index},
year = 2001,
number = 490,
address = {Crowthorne, UK},
institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle modelling},
abstract = {
This project examined the factors that determine how suitable a
road is for cycling (its level of service for cycling, here
termed `cyclability'). Using a specially equipped
instrumented bicycle, 51 cyclists road a 9.2km route and made
subjective assessments of the `cyclability' of its 11 links.
The authors then tried to explain the subjective scores in
terms of objective road and traffic data. These included road
width, surface quality, traffic flow and speed, passing
distance, gradient, `lateral conflict', effort and aesthetics.
This approach has potential applications in the field of cycle
route planning as it can provide engineers with reassurance
that certain types of conditions are likely to be deemed
satisfactory by the majority of cyclists.
}
}
@ARTICLE{GuyGraMar97,
author = {S.~Guy and Stephen Graham and Simon Marvin},
title = {Splintering networks: cities and technical networks in 1990s
{B}ritain},
year = 1997,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 34,
number = 2,
pages = {191--216},
keywords = {geography}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{HabElgMil06,
author = {Khandker M.N.~Habib and Ilan Elgar and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Stress Triggered Household Decision to Change Dwelling: A
Simultaneous Dynamic Approach},
year = 2006,
month = AUG,
booktitle = {Presented at the 11th International Association for Travel
Behaviour Research Conference},
address = {Kyoto, Japan},
keywords = {travel behaviour, transport modelling, ilute}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{HabMil06,
author = {Khandker M.N.~Habib and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Modelling Activity Generation: A Utility Based Model for
Activity-Travel Demand},
year = 2006,
month = AUG,
booktitle = {Presented at the 11th International Association for Travel
Behaviour Research Conference},
address = {Kyoto, Japan},
keywords = {travel behaviour, transport modelling, ilute}
}
@ARTICLE{HabMil06b,
author = {Khandker M.N.~Habib and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Modelling Individuals' Frequency and Time Allocation Behaviour
for Shopping Activities Considering Household Level Random
Effects},
year = 2006,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = {forthcoming},
keywords = {travel behaviour, transport modelling, ilute}
}
@ARTICLE{HabMil06c,
author = {Khandker M.N.~Habib and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Modelling Skeletal Components of Workers' Daily Activity
Schedules},
year = 2006,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = {forthcoming},
keywords = {travel behaviour, transport modelling, ilute}
}
@ARTICLE{Hag70,
author = {T.~H{\"a}gerstrand},
title = {What about people in regional science?},
year = 1970,
journal = {Papers of the Regional Science Association},
volume = 24,
number = 7,
pages = {7--21},
annote = {About activity-based vs. trip-based travel modelling},
keywords = {spatial modelling, transport modelling}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Hag75,
author = {T.~H{\"a}gerstrand},
title = {Space, time and human conditions},
year = 1975,
editor = {A.~Karlqvist and L.~Lundqvist and F.~Snickars},
booktitle = {Dynamic Allocation of Urban Space},
publisher = {Saxon House},
address = {Farnborough, UK},
pages = {3--12},
keywords = {spatial modelling, transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Hag75b,
author = {T.~H{\"a}gerstrand},
title = {Survival and arena: on the life-history of individuals in
relation to their geographical environment},
year = 1975,
journal = {Monadnock},
volume = 49,
pages = {9--29},
keywords = {spatial modelling}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Hag95,
author = {T.~H{\"a}gerstrand},
title = {Action in the physical everyday world},
year = 1995,
editor = {A.D.~Cliff and P.~Gould and A.~Hoare and N.~Thrift},
booktitle = {Diffusing Geography: Essays for {P}eter {H}aggett},
publisher = {Blackwell},
address = {Oxford, UK},
keywords = {spatial modelling}
}
@PHDTHESIS{Hai03,
author = {Murtaza Haider},
title = {Spatio-temporal Modelling of Housing Starts in the {G}reater
{T}oronto {A}rea},
year = 2003,
school = {University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {spatial modelling, ilute, canada},
url = {http://www.regionomics.com/Research/Doctoral/Thesis.htm}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{HaiMil99,
author = {Murtaza Haider and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Effects of Transportation Infrastructure and Locational
Elements on Residential Real Estate Values},
year = 1999,
month = JAN,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Annual Transportation Research Board
Conference},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {spatial modelling, ilute, urban planning, land use transport link},
url = {http://www.regionomics.com/Research/trb_99.PDF}
}
@ARTICLE{HaiMil00,
author = {Murtaza Haider and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Effects of Infrastructure and Locational Elements on
Residential Real Estate Values: An Application of Autoregressive
Techniques},
year = 2000,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1722,
pages = {1--8},
abstract = {
Proximity to transportation infrastructure (highways and public
transit) influences residential real estate values. Housing
values also are influenced by propinquity to a shopping
facility or a recreational amenity. Spatial autoregressive
(SAR) models were used to estimate the impact of locational
elements on the price of residential properties sold during
1995 in the Greater Toronto Area. A large data set consisting
of 27,400 freehold sales was used in the study. Moran's I was
estimated to determine the effects of spatial autocorrelation
that existed in housing values. SAR models, using a combination
of locational influences, neighborhood characteristics, and
structural attributes, explained 83\% variance in housing
values. Using the ``comparable sales approach,'' a spatiotemporal
lag variable was estimated for every property in the database.
This research discovered that SAR models offered a better fit
than nonspatial models. This study also discovered that in the
presence of other explanatory variables, locational and
transportation factors were not strong determinants of housing
values. On the other hand, the number of washrooms and the
average household income in a neighborhood were found to be
significant determinants of housing values. Stepwise regression
techniques were used to determine reduced spatial hedonic
models.
},
keywords = {ilute, canada, urban planning, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{HaiMil04,
author = {Murtaza Haider},
title = {Modeling Location Choices of Housing Builders in the {G}reater
{T}oronto, {C}anada, {A}rea},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1898,
pages = {148--156},
keywords = {spatial modelling, ilute, canada, urban planning}
}
@BOOK{Hai90,
author = {R.P.~Haining},
title = {Spatial Data Analysis in the Social and Environmental
Sciences},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
year = 1990,
keywords = {spatial modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Hal02,
author = {Derek Halden},
title = {Using Accessibility Measures to Integrate Land Use and
Transport Policy In {E}dinburgh and {L}othians},
year = 2002,
month = OCT,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 9,
number = 4,
pages = {313--324},
keywords = {transport modelling, accessibility}
}
@BOOK{Hal88,
author = {Peter Hall},
title = {Cities of Tomorrow: An Intellectual History of Urban Planning
and Design in the Twentieth Century},
year = 1988,
publisher = {Basil Blackwell Limited},
address = {Oxford, UK},
keywords = {history, urban planning, land use transport link},
annote = {
In the chapter I read (#9), there was some mildly interesting
background, although mostly material I'd seen
before elsewhere. There's some discussion of Harland Bartholomew,
the planner who laid out Vancouver's street grid, although he's
claimed to belong to the same camp as Robert Moses. The most
interesting part of the chapter was the way he highlighted the
impossibility of effective land planning in the American regulatory
system, how that came about, and how it differs from Europe.
},
priority = 2
}
@BOOK{Hal98,
author = {Peter Hall},
title = {Cities in Civilization},
year = 1998,
publisher = {Pantheon},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {finance},
annote = { According to KenMilShaMacCol05, this discusses P3s. }
}
@ARTICLE{HalMarLow01,
author = {Peter Hall and Stephen Marshall and Michelle Lowe},
title = {The changing urban hierarchy in {E}ngland and {W}ales:
1913--1998},
year = 2001,
month = DEC,
journal = {Regional Studies},
volume = 35,
number = 9,
pages = {775--807},
keywords = {transport planning, streets}
}
@BOOK{Ham87,
author = {M.~Hamer},
title = {Wheels within wheels: A study of the road lobby},
year = 1987,
publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban politics, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Ham75,
author = {Bruce W.~Hamilton},
title = {Zoning and property taxation in a system of local
governments},
year = 1975,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 12,
pages = {205--211},
keywords = {zoning, equity, urban planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Han97,
author = {S.~Hanaoka},
title = {Present Bicycle Traffic Situation in {J}apanese Cities},
year = 1997,
month = SEP,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo-City 1997},
address = {Barcelona, Spain},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Han92,
author = {Susan L.~Handy},
title = {Regional versus local accessibility: neo-traditional
development and its implications for non-work travel},
year = 1992,
journal = {Built Environment},
volume = 18,
number = 4,
pages = {253--267},
keywords = { urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link }
}
@ARTICLE{Han96,
author = {Susan L.~Handy},
title = {Urban form and pedestrian choices: study of {A}ustin
neighborhoods},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1552,
pages = {135--144},
keywords = {urban form, urban planning, pedestrian planning, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{Han96b,
author = {Susan L.~Handy},
title = {Understanding the link between urban form and nonwork travel
behavior},
year = 1996,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 15,
pages = {183--198},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban form, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Han96c,
author = {Susan L.~Handy},
title = {Methodologies for exploring the link between urban form and
travel behavior},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 1,
pages = {151--165},
keywords = {land use transport link, methodology}
}
@ARTICLE{HanCli01,
author = {Susan L.~Handy and Kelly J.~Clifton},
title = {Evaluating Neighborhood Accessibility: Possibilities and
Practicalities},
year = 2001,
month = {September/December},
journal = {Journal of Transportation and Statistics},
volume = 4,
number = {2/3},
url = {http://www.bts.gov/publications/journal_of_transportation_and_statistics/volume_04_number_23/paper_05/index.html},
keywords = {transport modelling, accessibility},
abstract = {
Efforts to improve transportation choices and enhance accessibility
at the neighborhood level have been hampered by a lack of practical
planning tools. This paper identifies the factors that contribute
to accessibility at the neighborhood level and explores different
ways that planners can evaluate neighborhood accessibility. A gap
between the data needed to describe important accessibility factors
and the data readily available to local planning departments points
to two complementary strategies: a city-wide approach using
available data and geographic information systems to evaluate
accessibility for neighborhoods across the city, and a
neighborhood-specific approach to building a detailed accessibility
database. Examples of both are presented.
}
}
@ARTICLE{HanWesMok05,
author = {Susan L.~Handy and Lisa Weston and Patricia Mokhtarian},
title = {Driving by choice or necessity?},
year = 2005,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 39,
number = {2/3},
pages = {183--203},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{HanWesSonLanTer02,
author = {Susan L.~Handy and Lisa Weston and Jumin Song and K.~Maria
D.~Lane and Jennifer Terry},
title = {The education of transportation planning professionals},
year = 2002,
institution = {Southwest Regional University Transportation Center},
address = {Austin, TX, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@BOOK{Han98,
author = {J.~Hannigan},
title = {Fantasy Cities: Pleasure and Profit in the Postmodern
Metropolis},
year = 1998,
publisher = {Routledge},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban politics, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Han95,
author = {M.~Hansen},
title = {Do New Highways Generate Traffic?},
year = 1995,
journal = {Access Magazine},
volume = 7,
number = 2,
pages = {16--22},
keywords = {induced travel, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{HanHua97,
author = {M.~Hansen and Y.L.~Huang},
title = {Road Supply and Traffic in Urban Areas: A Panel Study},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 31,
pages = {205--218},
keywords = {transport planning, induced travel, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{HanPra94,
author = {Susan Hanson and Geraldine Pratt},
title = {On Suburban Pink Collar Ghettos: The Spatial Entrapment of
Women? by {K}im {E}ngland},
year = 1994,
journal = {Annals of the Association of American Geographers},
volume = 84,
number = 3,
pages = {500--504},
keywords = {equity, gender, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{HanMcC89,
author = {A.~Hanton and S.~Mc{C}ombie},
title = {Provision for Cycle Parking at Railway Stations in the
{L}ondon Area},
year = 1989,
address = {London, UK},
institution = {London Cycling Campaign},
keywords = {bicycle planning, rail}
}
@ARTICLE{Har68,
author = {G.~Hardin},
title = {The tragedy of the commons},
year = 1968,
journal = {Science},
volume = 162,
pages = {1243--1248}
}
@TECHREPORT{Har01b,
author = {Melanie Hare},
title = {Exploring Growth Management Roles in {O}ntario: Learning from
``Who Does What'' Elsewhere},
year = 2001,
month = SEP,
institution = {Ontario Professional Planners Institute},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {urban planning, smart growth, canada}
}
@TECHREPORT{Har93,
author = {Patrick H.~Hare},
title = {Making Housing Affordable by Reducing Second Car Ownership},
year = 1993,
month = APR,
institution = {Patrick Hare Planning and Design},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning, equity, parking}
}
@TECHREPORT{Har95,
author = {Patrick H.~Hare},
title = {Planning, Transportation, and the Home Economics of Reduced
Car Ownership; Planning as if Household Budgets Mattered},
year = 1995,
month = APR,
institution = {Patrick Hare Planning and Design},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning, equity, parking}
}
@ARTICLE{HarReiKnu98,
author = {David L.~Harkey and Donald W.~Reinfurt and Matthew Knuiman},
title = {Development of the Bicycle Compatability Index},
year = 1998,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1636,
pages = {13--20},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1636-003.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{HarSte97,
author = {David L.~Harkey and J.~Richard Stewart},
title = {Evaluation of Shared-Use Facilities for Bicycles and Motor
Vehicles},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1578,
pages = {111--118},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1578-14.pdf}
}
@MISC{HarMil99,
author = {Antoine Haroun and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {A descriptive analysis of a region-wide residential mobility
survey},
year = 1999,
month = NOV,
howpublished = {Presented at the 46th Annual Meeting of the North
American Regional Science Association},
address = {Montreal, QC, Canada},
keywords = {ilute, transport modelling, travel behaviour}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Har01,
author = {B.~Harris},
title = {The anatomy of microsimulation},
year = 2001,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on
Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management},
publisher = {University of Hawaii},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@BOOK{HarSpi93,
author = {S.I.~Hart and A.L.~Spivak},
title = {The Elephant in the Bedroom: Automobile Dependence and
Denial},
year = 1993,
publisher = {New Paradigm},
address = {Pasadena, CA, USA},
keywords = {general interest}
}
@ARTICLE{HarHar74,
author = {P.G.~Hartwick and J.M.~Hartwick},
title = {Efficient resource allocation in a multinucleated city with
intermediate goods},
year = 1974,
journal = {Quarterly Journal of Economics},
volume = 88,
pages = {340--352},
keywords = {urban economics},
annote = {early 2D model of city}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Har05,
author = {David Harvey},
title = {Thew {N}ew {U}rbanism and the Communitarian Trap: On Social
Problems and the False Hope of Design},
year = 2005,
booktitle = {Sprawl and Suburbia: A {H}arvard {D}esign {M}agazine
Reader},
editor = {William S.~Saunders},
pages = {21--26},
chapter = 2,
publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
address = {Minneapolis, MN, USA},
keywords = {new urbanism}
}
@BOOK{HarDea93,
author = {Greig Harvey and Elizabeth Deakin},
title = {A Manual of Regional Transportation Modeling Practice for Air
Quality Analysis},
year = 1993,
publisher = {National Association of Regional Governments},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Has90,
author = {Carmen Hass-Klau},
title = {The theory and practice of traffic calming: can {B}ritain
learn from the {G}erman experience?},
year = 1990,
type = {Discussion Paper},
number = 10,
institution = {Oxford University, Transportation Unit, Rees Jeffreys
Road Fund},
address = {Oxford, UK},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, urban planning, transport planning, traffic calming}
}
@BOOK{Has90b,
author = {Carmen Hass-Klau},
title = {The pedestrian and city traffic},
year = 1990,
publisher = {Belhaven Press},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Has90c,
author = {Carmen Hass-Klau},
title = {An illustrated guide to traffic calming: the future way of
managing traffic},
year = 1990,
institution = {Friends of the Earth},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, urban planning, traffic calming}
}
@TECHREPORT{Has90d,
author = {Carmen Hass-Klau},
title = {Cycle safety: a comparison between {B}ritish and ({W}est) {G}erman
cities},
year = 1990,
institution = {Environmental and Transport Planning},
address = {Brighton, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Has93,
author = {Carmen Hass-Klau},
title = {Impact of Pedestrianization and Traffic Calming on Retailing:
A Review of of the Evidence from {G}ermany and the {UK}},
year = 1993,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 1,
number = 1,
pages = {21--31},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, urban planning, transport planning, traffic calming}
}
@ARTICLE{HasCaiGoo98,
author = {Carmen Hass-Klau and Sally Cairns and Phil Goodwin},
title = {Better use of road capacity: what happens to the traffic?},
journal = {Public Transport International},
year = 1998,
month = SEP,
volume = 47,
number = 5,
keywords = {transport modelling, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{HasCra02,
author = {Carmen Hass-Klau and G.~Crampton},
title = {Future of Urban Transport: Learning from Success and Weakness:
Light Rail},
year = 2002,
institution = {Environmental and Transport Planning},
address = {Brighton, UK},
keywords = {transit}
}
@ARTICLE{Hat96,
author = {Tony Hathway},
title = {Assessing the Costs and Benefits of Cycle Networks},
year = 1996,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 2,
number = 3,
pages = {34--41},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp02.3.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Hau90,
author = {T.D.~Hau},
title = {Electronic Road Pricing: Developments in {H}ong {K}ong},
year = 1990,
journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy},
volume = 24,
number = 2,
pages = {203--214},
keywords = {congestion pricing, transport planning}
}
@BOOK{HauHun94,
author = {Graham Haughton and Colin Hunter},
title = {Sustainable Cities},
year = 1994,
publisher = {Jessica Kingsley Publishers},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {sustainability}
}
@ARTICLE{HawHil82,
author = {S.L.~Haworth and I.C.~Hilton},
title = {Car parking standards and the urban economy},
year = 1982,
month = NOV,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 23,
number = 11,
pages = {537--542},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{HayTri91,
author = {A.~Hay and E.~Trinder},
title = {Concepts of Equity, Fairness and Justice Expressed by Local
Transport Policy Makers},
year = 1991,
journal = {Environment and Planning C},
volume = 9,
number = 4,
pages = {453--465},
keywords = {equity, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Haz03,
author = {G.Mc{L}.~Hazel},
title = {Urban streets},
year = 2003,
journal = {Urban Design Quarterly},
volume = 85,
pages = {20--21},
keywords = {streets, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Hea97,
author = {K.~Heanue},
title = {Highway capacity and induced travel: Issues, evidence and
implications},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Research Circular},
volume = 418,
pages = {33--45},
keywords = {induced travel, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{HeaRib81,
author = {D.W.~Hearn and J.~Ribera},
title = {Convergence of the {F}rank-{W}olfe Method for Certain Bounded
Variable Traffic Assignment Problems},
year = 1981,
journal = {Transportation Research B},
volume = 15,
pages = {437--442},
annote = {Examined calibration},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Heb05,
author = {Michael Hebbert},
title = {Engineering, urbanism and the struggle for street design},
year = 2005,
month = FEB,
journal = {Journal of Urban Design},
volume = 10,
number = 1,
keywords = {urban planning, urban design, transport planning, street design, streets}
}
@ARTICLE{Hee68,
author = {W.~Heenan},
title = {The Economic Effect of Rapid Transit on Real Estate
Development},
year = 1968,
journal = {The Appraisal Journal},
volume = 36,
pages = {212--224},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link, canada}
}
@BOOK{Hei92,
author = {Robert Heilbroner},
title = {Twenty-First Century Capitalism},
year = 1992,
publisher = {House of Anansi},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
series = {CBC Massey Lectures},
keywords = {economics}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{HelMcN03,
author = {Bruce Hellinga and Ryan Mc{N}ally},
title = {A Method for Quantitatively Prioritising Transportation
Projects on the Basis of Sustainability},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2003 Annual Conference of the
{T}ransportation {A}ssociation of {C}anada},
year = 2002,
keywords = {sustainability, canada},
url = {http://gorge.uwaterloo.ca/bhelling/Publications Page/Publications/TAC 2003 Quantifying Sustainability.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{HenMit96,
author = {V.~Henderson and A.~Mitra},
title = {The new urban landscape: developers and edge cities},
year = 1996,
journal = {Regional Science and Urban Economics},
volume = 26,
pages = {613--643},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Hen77,
author = {David A.~Hensher},
title = {Valuation of Journey Attributes: Existing Empirical Evidence},
booktitle = {Identification and Valuation of Travel Choice
Determinants},
editor = {David A.~Hensher and M.Q.~Dalvi},
publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
year = {1977},
annote = {Consumer valuation of time},
keywords = {transport modelling, urban economics}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Hen96,
author = {David A.~Hensher},
title = {Selective but Important Challenges Facing the Transport
Sector},
year = 1996,
booktitle = {Designing Transport \& Urban Forms for the {A}ustralia of
the 21st Century},
editor = {J.~Richmond},
address = {Sydney, Australia},
publisher = {Institute of Transport Studies, University of New South
Wales},
keywords = {urban form, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{HenKin01,
author = {David A.~Henser and J.~King},
title = {Parking demand and responsiveness to supply, pricing and
location in the {S}ydney central business district},
year = 2001,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 35,
number = 3,
pages = {177--196},
keywords = {parking}
}
@TECHREPORT{HerNieAguKroJorJor94,
author = {L.~Herrstedt and M.A.~Nielsen and L.~Ag{\'u}stson and
K.M.L.~Krogsgaard and E.~J{\o}rgensen and N.O.~J{\o}rgensen},
title = {Safety of Cyclists in Urban Areas: Danish Experiences},
institution = {Danish Road Directorate},
year = 1994,
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{HeyVre83,
author = {C.J.J.M.~Heys and G.~Vredeveld},
title = {Legal framework for cycle facility: waiting lane for moped
riders and cyclists},
year = 1983,
journal = {Verkeerskunde},
volume = 34,
number = {4-1983},
note = {Department of Transport translation 14672 PR IV/E17},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
annote = {A very early bike box paper, translated from Dutch.}
}
@ARTICLE{Hig89,
author = {T.~Higgins},
title = {Parking Management and Traffic Mitigation in Six Cities:
Implications for Local Policy},
year = 1989,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1232,
keywords = {parking, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Hig92,
author = {Thomas Higgins},
title = {Parking taxes: effectiveness, legality and implementation},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 19,
pages = {221--230},
keywords = {parking, finance}
}
@ARTICLE{Hil96,
author = {P.~Hill},
title = {What is induced traffic?},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 23,
pages = {5--16},
keywords = {induced travel, land use transport link}
}
@TECHREPORT{Hil92,
author = {Mayer Hillman},
title = {Cycling: Towards Health and Safety},
year = 1992,
address = {Oxford, UK},
institution = {{British Medical Association}},
type = {Report of a {BMA} Working Party},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
annote = {
According to McC02, this was a landmark publication in the UK
context.
}
}
@BOOK{HilAdaWhi90,
author = {Mayer Hillman and J.~Adams and J.~Whitelegg},
title = {One False Move... A study of Children's Independent Mobility},
year = 1990,
publisher = {PSI Publishing},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning}
}
@ARTICLE{HimNijPad92,
author = {V.~Himanen and P.~Nijkamp and J.~Padjen},
title = {Environmental Quality and Transport Policy in {E}urope},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 26,
number = 2,
pages = {147--157},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{HinRus96,
author = {J.~Hine and J.~Russell},
title = {The Impact of Traffic on Pedestrian Behaviour: Assessing the
Traffic Barrier on Radial Routes},
year = 1996,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and control},
volume = 37,
number = 2,
pages = {81--85},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, streets}
}
@TECHREPORT{Hob05,
author = {Antoine Hobeika},
title = {TRANSIMS Fundamentals},
year = 2005,
institution = {U.S. Department of Transportation},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
url = {http://tmip.fhwa.dot.gov/transims/transims_fundamentals},
keywords = {transport modelling, population synthesis}
}
@ARTICLE{Hoc76,
author = {I.~Hoch},
title = {City size effects: Trends and policies},
year = 1976,
journal = {Science},
volume = 193,
pages = {856--863},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@ARTICLE{Hoc79,
author = {I.~Hoch},
title = {Settlement size, real income and the rural turnaround},
year = 1979,
journal = {American Journal of Agricultural Economics},
volume = 61,
number = 5,
pages = {953--959},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@ARTICLE{Hoe97,
author = {K.~Hoeveler},
title = {Accessibility vs. Mobility: The Location Efficient Mortgage},
year = 1997,
journal = {Public Investment},
month = SEP,
pages = {1--2},
keywords = {accessibility, finance}
}
@ARTICLE{HolMil96,
author = {B.J.~Hollingworth and Eric. J.~Miller},
title = {Retrospective Interviewing and its Application in Study of
Residential Mobility},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1551,
pages = {74--81},
keywords = {transport modelling, travel behaviour},
abstract = {
Recent work in the area of transportation and land use modeling
and, more specifically, residential mobility modeling has
recognized the need for increased experimentation with dynamic
models. Implicitly, dynamic models require longitudinal data,
which are time-consuming and expensive to collect. As an
alternative to panel studies, a retrospective interviewing
technique to collect data for use in a dynamic model of
residential mobility is examined. A small retrospective survey
of households in Toronto, Canada, was conducted using three
data collection methods: mail, telephone, and telephone with
mail. Ninety complete observations were obtained. The
retrospective survey process and the three data collection
methods are assessed and evaluated. Though not without
problems, the retrospective survey proved to be a favorable
alternative to panel studies. The telephone-with-mail survey
method showed the most potential for use in future data
collection efforts on the basis of its costs, response rates,
and quality of data.
}
}
@ARTICLE{HojMat00,
author = {M.~H{\"o}jer and L.G.~Matson},
title = {Determinism and backcasting in future studies},
year = 2000,
journal = {Futures},
volume = 32,
pages = {613--634},
keywords = {energy},
annote = {
Allegedly critiques NewKen89.
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{HolLinMakMal96,
author = {Einer Holm and Urban Lindgren and K.~M{\"a}kil{\"a} and
Gunnar Malmberg},
title = {Simulating an entire nation},
year = 1996,
editor = {Graham P.~Clarke},
booktitle = {Microsimulation for Urban and Regional Policy Analysis},
series = {European Research in Regional Science},
number = 6,
publisher = {Pion},
address = {London, UK},
pages = {164--186},
keywords = {}
}
@TECHREPORT{Hol94,
author = {John Holtzclaw},
title = {Using residential patterns and transit to decrease auto
dependence and costs},
year = 1994,
institution = {Natural Resources Defense Council},
address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{HooRep96,
author = {Walter Hook and Michael Replogle},
title = {Motorization and non-motorized transport in {A}sia},
year = 1996,
journal = {Land Use Policy},
volume = 13,
number = 1,
pages = {69--84},
keywords = {transport planning, pedestrian planning, bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Hop94,
author = {D.~Hope},
title = {Nonrecreational Cycling in {O}ttawa},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1441,
keywords = {bicycle planning, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{HopWar96,
author = {P.~Hopkinson and Mark Wardman},
title = {Evaluating the Demand for New Cycle Facilities},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 3,
number = 4,
pages = {241--249},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{Hou84,
author = {Michael Hough},
title = {City form and natural process},
year = 1984,
publisher = {Routledge},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban planning, ecology}
}
@ARTICLE{HowBur01,
author = {C.~Howard and E.K.~Burns},
title = {Cycling to work in {P}hoenix: Route Choice, Travel Behavior
and Commuter Characteristics},
year = 2001,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1773,
pages = {39--46},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{Hoy1939,
author = {Homer Hoyt},
title = {Structure and Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American
Cities},
year = 1939,
publisher = {Federal Housing Administration},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{HuKen96,
author = {G.~Hu and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {A preliminary study of land use and transportation patterns in
{C}hinese cities: Caging the automobile dragon},
year = 1996,
booktitle = {Paper presented to the Asia Research Centre, Murdoch
University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form}
}
@TECHREPORT{Hua94,
author = {William Huang},
title = {The Effects of Transportation Infrastructure on Nearby
Property Values: A Review of the Literature},
year = 1994,
institution = {Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University
of California, Berkeley},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
type = {Working Paper},
number = 620,
keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@BOOK{Hud82,
author = {M.~Hudson},
title = {Bicycle Planning: Policy and Practice},
year = 1982,
publisher = {The Architectural Press},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Hug00,
author = {T.~Hughes},
title = {Exploring {N}ottinghamshire by bike},
year = 2000,
month = AUG,
journal = {Countryside Recreation},
publisher = {University of Wales},
address = {Cardiff, UK},
volume = 8,
number = 3,
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Hun97,
author = {John Douglas Hunt},
title = {A Stated Preference Examination of the Location Choice
Behavior of Retail Firms},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1606,
pages = {25--32},
keywords = {location choice, firm behaviour, urban planning, urban economics}
}
@ARTICLE{Hun03,
author = {John Douglas Hunt},
title = {Modelling Transportation Policy Impacts on Mobility Benefits
and {K}yoto-Protocol-Related Emissions},
journal = {Built Environment},
year = 2003,
volume = 29,
number = 1,
pages = {48--65},
keywords = {transport planning, greenhouse gases}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{HunAbr02,
author = {John Douglas Hunt and John Edward Abraham},
title = {Household Allocations and Land Development Modeling
Components},
year = 2002,
month = JUL,
booktitle = {Presented at the {T}hird {O}regon {S}ymposium on Integrated
Land Use and Transport Models},
address = {Portland, OR, USA},
keywords = {transport modelling},
url = { http://www.odot.state.or.us/tddtpau/symposium/third/7-23-pm/Abraham.ppt }
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{HunAbr03,
author = {John Douglas Hunt and John Edward Abraham},
title = {Design and application of the {PECAS} land use modelling
system},
year = 2003,
month = MAY,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on
Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management (CUPUM)},
address = {Sendai, Japan},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute},
url = {http://www.odot.state.or.us/tddtpau/papers/gen2/OG2D_WCTR.pdf}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{HunBat02,
author = {John Douglas Hunt and C.~Batten},
title = {Economic Modeling Components},
year = 2002,
month = JUL,
booktitle = {Presented at the {T}hird {O}regon {S}ymposium on Integrated
Land Use and Transport Models},
address = {Portland, OR, USA},
keywords = {transport modelling},
url = { http://www.odot.state.or.us/tddtpau/symposium/third/7-23-pm/Batten.ppt }
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{HunBro98,
author = {John Douglas Hunt and Alan T.~Brownlee},
title = {Design and Calibration of the {E}dmonton Transport Analysis
Model},
year = 1998,
booktitle = {Presented at the 77th Annual Meeting of the
Transportation Research Board},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transport modelling, canada}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{HunDon02,
author = {John Douglas Hunt and R.~Donnelly},
title = {{TLUMIP2} Model Overview},
year = 2002,
month = JUL,
booktitle = {Presented at the {T}hird {O}regon {S}ymposium on Integrated
Land Use and Transport Models},
address = {Portland, OR, USA},
keywords = {transport modelling},
url = { http://www.odot.state.or.us/tddtpau/symposium/third/7-23-pm/Hunt-Overview.ppt }
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{HunDonAbrBatFreHicCosUpt01,
author = {John Douglas Hunt and R.~Donnelly and John Edward Abraham and
C.~Batten and J.~Freedman and J.~Hicks and P.J.~Costinett and
W.J.~Upton},
title = {Design of a statewide land use transport interaction model for
{O}regon},
year = 2001,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the World Conference on Transportation
Research},
address = {Seoul, South Korea},
keywords = {transport modelling, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{HunMcMAbr94,
author = {John Douglas Hunt and J.D.P.~Mc{M}illan and John Edward Abraham},
title = {Stated Preference Investigation of Influences on
Attractiveness of Residential Locations},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1466,
pages = {79--87},
keywords = {urban planning, urban economics, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{HunTep93,
author = {John Douglas Hunt and S.~Tepley},
title = {A nested logit model of parking location choice},
year = 1993,
journal = {Transportation Research B},
volume = 27,
number = 4,
pages = {253--266},
keywords = {parking, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{Hun00,
author = {William W.~Hunter},
title = {Evaluation of Innovative Bike-Box Application in {E}ugene,
{O}regon},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1705,
year = 2000,
pages = {99--106},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1705-016.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{HunSteStu99,
author = {William W.~Hunter and J.~Richard Stewart and Jane C.~Stutts},
title = {Study of Bicycle Lanes versus Wide Curb Lanes},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1674,
year = 1999,
pages = {70--77},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1674-010.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{HunStuPeiCox96,
author = {William W.~Hunter and Jane C.~Stutts and W.~Pein and C.~Cox},
title = {Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Types of the Early 1990s},
institution = {Federal Highway Administration},
year = 1996,
number = {FHWA-RD-95-163},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle collisions, pedestrian planning},
address = {McLean, VA}
}
@ARTICLE{Hup82,
author = {G.~Hupkes},
title = {The law of constant travel time and trip-rates},
year = 1982,
journal = {Futures},
volume = 14,
pages = {38--46},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@BOOK{Hur1903,
author = {R.M.~Hurd},
title = {Principles of City Land Values},
year = 1903,
publisher = {The Record and Guide},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@ARTICLE{Huw00,
author = {Ulrike Huwer},
title = {Let's Bike: the 10 point pedalling action programme to support
cycling},
year = 2000,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 6,
number = 2,
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp06.2.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{HyoSuzTak00,
author = {Tetsuro Hyodo and Norikazu Suzuki and Katsumi Takahashi},
title = {Modeling of Bicycle Route and Destination Choice Behavior for
Bicycle Road Network Plan},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1705,
year = 2000,
pages = {70--76},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transport modelling},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1705-012.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{IBI07,
author = {{IBI Group}},
title = {Transportation Trends and Outlooks for the {G}reater {T}oronto
{A}rea and {H}amilton: Strategic Transit Directions},
year = 2007,
month = JAN,
address = {Toronto, ON},
institution = {IBI Group},
url = {http://www.gtta.com/en/news/Strategic%20Transit%20Directions_2007-01-29.pdf},
status = {read},
keywords = {canada, toronto, transit, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{IBI07b,
author = {{IBI Group}},
title = {Transportation Trends and Outlooks for the {G}reater {T}oronto
{A}rea and {H}amilton: Needs and Opportunities},
year = 2007,
month = JAN,
address = {Toronto, ON},
institution = {IBI Group},
url = {http://www.gtta.com/en/news/Strategic%20Transit%20Directions_2007-01-29.pdf},
status = {read},
keywords = {canada, toronto, transit, urban planning, urban form, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{IbrMcG06,
author = {Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim and Peter J.~McGoldrick},
title = {Modelling Shopping Centre Choices: Effects of Car Ownership on
Clothing Shopping in {S}ingapore},
year = 2006,
month = SEP,
journal = {Journal of Property Research},
volume = 23,
number = 3,
pages = {189--214},
keywords = {shopping, transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{IhlSjo89,
author = {K.~Ihlandfeldt and D.~Sjoquist},
title = {The Impact of Job Decentralization on the Economic Welfare of
Central City Blacks},
year = 1989,
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
volume = 26,
pages = {110--130},
keywords = {sociology, equity, urban economics, urban planning, urban form}
}
@TECHREPORT{IHT98,
author = {{{I}nstitution of {H}ighways and {T}ransportation}},
title = {Guidelines for Cycle Audit and Review},
year = 1998,
institution = {IHT},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{IHTBACTC96,
author = {{{I}nstitution of {H}ighways and {T}ransportation} and {B}icycle
{A}ssocation and {C}yclists' {T}ouring {C}lub},
title = {Cycle-friendly Infrastructure: Guidelines for Providing and
Design},
year = 1996,
institution = {IHT},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{IreKul68,
author = {C.T.~Ireland and S.~Kullback},
title = {Contingency Tables with Given Marginals},
year = 1968,
journal = {Biometrica},
volume = 55,
pages = {179--188},
keywords = {population synthesis}
}
@TECHREPORT{IsiTom93,
author = {E.~Isin and R.~Tomalty},
title = {Resettling cities: {C}anadian residential intensification
initiatives},
year = 1993,
institution = {Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation},
address = {Ottawa, ON, Canada},
keywords = {urban planning, canada}
}
@TECHREPORT{ITE04,
author = {{Institute of Transportation Engineers}},
title = {Parking Generation},
year = 2004,
institution = {Institute of Transportation Engineers},
keywords = {transport planning, parking}
}
@ARTICLE{JacRue98,
author = {Michael E.~Jackson and Erik O.~Ruehr},
title = {Let the People be Heard: {S}an {D}iego County Bicycle Use and
Attitude Survey},
year = 1998,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1636,
pages = {8--12},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1636-002.pdf}
}
@BOOK{Jac85,
author = {Allan B.~Jacobs},
title = {Great Streets},
year = 1985,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {streets, urban design, street design}
}
@ARTICLE{JacApp87,
author = {Allan B.~Jacobs and Donald Appleyard},
title = {Toward an Urban Design Manifesto},
year = 1987,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 53,
number = 1,
pages = {112--120},
keywords = {urban design}
}
@BOOK{JacMacRof02,
author = {Allan B.~Jacobs and Elizabeth Mac{D}onald and Yodan Rof{\'e}},
title = {The Boulevard Book: History, Evolution, Design of Multiway
Boulevards},
year = 2002,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, streets, urban design, street design}
}
@TECHREPORT{JacRofMac95,
author = {Allan B.~Jacobs and Yodan Rof{\'e} and Elizabeth Mac{D}onald},
title = {Multiple Roadway Boulevards: Case Studies, Designs and Design
Guidelines},
year = 1995,
institution = {University of California},
type = {Transportation Center Working Paper},
number = 300,
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, streets, urban design, street design}
}
@ARTICLE{Jac58,
author = {Jane Jacobs},
title = {Downtown is for people},
year = 1958,
journal = {Fortune magazine},
volume = 57,
number = 4,
pages = {133--140,236--242},
keywords = {pedestrian planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Jac65,
author = {Jane Jacobs},
title = {Do not segregate pedestrians and automobiles},
year = 1965,
editor = {D.~Lewis},
booktitle = {The pedestrian in the city},
publisher = {Elek Books},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {pedestrians, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Jac67,
author = {Jane Jacobs},
title = {The self-generating growth of cities},
year = 1967,
journal = {Royal Institute of British Architects Journal},
volume = 74,
number = 3,
pages = {95--100},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@BOOK{Jac94,
author = {Jane Jacobs},
title = {Systems for survival: A dialogue on the moral foundations of
commerce and politics},
year = 1994,
publisher = {Vintage Books},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {philosophy}
}
@BOOK{Jac04,
author = {Jane Jacobs},
title = {Dark Age Ahead},
year = 2004,
publisher = {Random House},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
pages = {64--101},
keywords = {sociology, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Jac03,
author = {Peter L.~Jacobsen},
title = {Safety in Numbers: More Walkers and Bicyclists, Safer Walking
and Bicycling},
year = 2003,
journal = {Injury Prevention},
volume = 9,
pages = {205--209},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning},
url = {http://ip.bmjjournals.com/cgi/reprint/9/3/205.pdf}
}
@BOOK{JakScu04,
author = {John A.~Jakle and Keith A.~Sculle},
title = {Lots of Parking: Land Use in a Car Culture},
publisher = {University Press of Virginia},
year = 2004,
month = JUN,
keywords = {urban planning, urban design, urban form, parking}
}
@BOOK{JakWil92,
author = {John A.~Jakle and David Wilson},
title = {Derelict Landscapes: The Wasting of {A}merica's Built
Environment},
publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield},
year = 1992,
address = {Savage, MD, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, sociology, equity}
}
@ARTICLE{JavSen99,
author = {Massoud Javid and Prianka N.~Seneviratne},
title = {Sizing parking facilities at airports},
year = 1999,
journal = {Journal of Advanced Transportation},
volume = 33,
number = 3,
pages = {253--272},
keywords = {parking}
}
@TECHREPORT{Jen98,
author = {S{\o}ren Underlien Jensen},
title = {{DUMAS}: Safety of pedestrians and two-wheelers},
year = 1998,
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle collisions, pedestrian planning},
type = {Note},
number = 51,
institution = {Vejdirektoratet},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark}
}
@ARTICLE{Jen99,
author = {S{\o}ren Underlien Jensen},
title = {Pedestrian Safety in {D}enmark},
year = 1999,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1674,
keywords = {pedestrian planning},
doi = {10.3141/1674-09}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Jen00,
author = {S{\o}ren Underlien Jensen},
title = {Cyclist safety at signalised junctions},
year = 2000,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo Mondiale 2000},
address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.velomondial.net/velomondiall2000/PDF/UJENSEN4.PDF}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Jen00b,
author = {S{\o}ren Underlien Jensen},
title = {Land use and cycling},
year = 2000,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo Mondiale 2000},
address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
keywords = {bicycle planning, urban form, land use transport link},
url = {http://www.velomondial.net/velomondiall2000/PDF/UJENSEN3.PDF}
}
@TECHREPORT{Jen04,
author = {S{\o}ren Underlien Jensen},
title = {{A}rterial {S}treets {T}owards {S}ustainability: Design,
Decision and Prediction Tools},
year = 2004,
url = {http://www.tft.lth.se/artists/medlemmar.asp},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, urban planning, bike box, street design, streets},
institution = {ARTISTS Consortium},
number = {D3.2},
address = {Malm{\"o}, Sweden}
}
@TECHREPORT{Jen06,
author = {S{\o}ren Underlien Jensen},
title = {Effekter af overk{\o}rsler og bl{\aa} cykelfelter},
year = 2006,
institution = {Trafitec},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pavement colouring, bicycle collisions},
url = {http://www.trafitec.dk/pub/Effekter%20af%20overkoersler%20og%20blaa%20cykelfelter.pdf}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{JenAndNie97,
author = {S{\o}ren Underlien Jensen and Karina Andersen and Erling Nielsen},
title = {Junctions and Cyclists},
year = 1997,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo-City 1997},
address = {Barcelona, Spain},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pavement colouring},
annote = {
Quote: A study conducted in Denmark found that blue painted bicycle lanes
at intersections resulted in a 38\% decrease in bicycle crashes
and 71\% reduction in fatalities and serious injuries.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{JenRosJen06,
author = {S{\o}ren Underline Jensen and Claus Rosenkilde and Niels
Jensen},
title = {Road safety and perceived risk of cycle facilities in
{C}openhagen},
year = 2006,
institution = {European Cyclists' Federation},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle collisions, pavement colouring, bike box},
url = {http://www.ecf.com/files/2/12/16/070503_Cycle_Tracks_Copenhagen.pdf},
abstract = {
This before-and-after study covers the construction of one-way cycle
tracks and lanes, blue cycle crossings and raised exits. It is the
biggest study of its kind so far carried out in Denmark. The effects on
road safety of all types of traffic both at junctions and on road
sections for both accidents and injuries are examined. The effects on
the volumes of motor vehicles as well as on bicycle and moped traffic
are examined with regard to the construction of one way cycle tracks
and lanes. Lastly, cycle facilities impact on cyclists? perceived risk
and satisfaction on road sections and at junctions is also examined.
}
}
@ARTICLE{JiaWac98,
author = {Wenya Jia and Martin Wachs},
title = {Parking and Affordable Housing},
year = 1998,
journal = {Access Magazine},
volume = 13,
pages = {22--25},
keywords = {transport planning, equity, parking}
}
@TECHREPORT{JiaWac98b,
author = {Wenya Jia and Martin Wachs},
title = {Parking and Housing Affordability: A Case Study of {S}an
{F}rancisco},
year = 1998,
institution = {University of California Transportation Center},
type = {Research Paper},
number = 380,
keywords = {transport planning, equity, parking},
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/countdown.pl?380.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{JiaWac99,
author = {Wenya Jia and Martin Wachs},
title = {Parking and Housing Affordability: A Case Study of {S}an
{F}rancisco},
year = 1999,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1685,
keywords = {transport planning, equity, parking},
pages = {156--160}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Jol00,
author = {Marc Jolicoeur},
title = {A Bicycle Network for a {N}orth {A}merican Metropolis: The Case of
{M}ontreal},
year = 2000,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo Mondiale 2000},
address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
keywords = {bicycle planning, canada},
url = {http://www.velomondial.net/velomondiall2000/PDF/JOLICOEU.PDF}
}
@TECHREPORT{JolThiHuaBruFal01,
author = {Marc Jolicoeur and Guy Thibault and H{\'e}l{\`e}ne Huard and
Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Bruneau and Jean-S{\'e}bastien Fallu},
institution = {V{\'e}lo Qu{\'e}bec},
title = {L'état du v{\'e}lo au {Q}u{'e}bec en 2000 (Bicycling in
{Q}uebec in 2000)},
year = 2001,
month = OCT,
address = {Montr\'{e}al, QC, Canada},
url = {http://www.velo.qc.ca/velo_quebec/Documents/etat_velo/etateduvelo2001-c.pdf},
keywords = { bicycle planning, canada }
}
@BOOK{Jon85,
author = {D.W.~{Jones Jr}},
title = {Urban Transit Policy: An Economic and Political History},
year = 1985,
publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
address = {Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA},
keywords = {transit, history}
}
@ARTICLE{Jon01,
author = {M.~Jones},
title = {Promoting cycling in the {UK}: Problems experienced by the
practitioners},
year = 2001,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 7,
number = 3,
pages = {7--12},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp07.3.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{Jor89,
author = {B.~Jordan},
title = {The common good: Citizenship, morality and self interest},
year = 1989,
publisher = {Blackwell},
address = {Oxford, UK},
keywords = {philosophy}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Jor04,
author = {John J{\o}rgensen},
title = {Evolution of the Finger Structure},
year = 2004,
editor = {Genevi{\`e}ve Dubois-Taine},
booktitle = {From {H}elsinki to {N}icosia: Eleven Case Studies \&
Synthesis},
publisher = {Cost Office Urban Civil Engineering},
address = {Brussels, Belgium},
url = {http://urbamet.documentation.equipement.gouv.fr/documents/EQUTEX00010090/EQUTEX00010090_5.pdf},
keywords = {history, urban planning, urban form}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{JouFraBacSto00,
author = {R.~Joumard and Lawrence D.~Frank and Brian Stone and William
Bachman},
title = {Testing urban design and air quality relationships in the
{A}tlanta region},
year = 2000,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th Symposium on Transport and Air
Pollution},
pages = {263--270},
keywords = {transport planning, urban form, urban planning, land use transport link},
abstract = {
This study presents evidence that households, located in areas of
the Atlanta Region with moderately high levels of street
connectivity and compactness, drive and pollute less on a daily
basis. This analysis employs a rigorous methodology to assess
the emissions per household on a per trip basis accounting for
cold start cycles, speed, hot stabilized operation, distance,
and regional fleet characteristics. Emissions per household are
cross-sectionally correlated with the land use patterns at the
place of residence. These findings support the argument that a
``nexus'' exists between land use policies implemented through
local government development regulations and household travel
behavior (ie mode choice, travel distance, travel time, and
vehicle emissions). This research provides an initial
and very critical step that is required to lend credibility to
the argument that major metropolitan regions should consider
alternatives to current land and travel intensive development
patterns to meet future air quality objectives.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Jun04,
author = {Myung-Jin Jun},
title = {The Effects of {P}ortland's Urban Growth Boundary on Urban
Development Patterns and Commuting},
year = 2004,
month = JUN,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 41,
number = 7,
pages = {1333--1348},
keywords = {urban planning, urban growth boundary}
}
@ARTICLE{Kai72,
author = {J.~Kain},
title = {Housing Segregation, Negro Employment, and Metropolitan
Decentralization},
year = 1972,
journal = {Quarterly Journal of Economics},
volume = 82,
pages = {175--197},
keywords = {urban planning, sociology, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{Kai88,
author = {J.~Kain},
title = {Choosing the Wrong Technology: Or How to Spend Billions and
Reduce Transit Use},
year = 1988,
journal = {Journal of Advanced Transportation},
volume = 21,
number = 3,
pages = {197--213},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Kai93,
author = {J.~Kain},
title = {The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis: Three Decades Later},
year = 1993,
journal = {Housing Policy Debate},
volume = 3,
pages = {371--460},
keywords = {sociology, equity, urban economics, urban planning, urban form }
}
@BOOK{KaiApg85,
author = {S.~Kain and W.~Apgar},
title = {Housing and Neighbourhood Dynamics: A Simulation Study},
year = 1985,
publisher = {Harvard University Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {urban economics, transport modelling}
}
@BOOK{Kat94,
author = {Peter Katz},
title = {The {N}ew {U}rbanism: Toward an Architecture of Community},
year = 1994,
publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {new urbanism, architecture}
}
@ARTICLE{Kat95,
author = {Rod Katz},
title = {Modeling Bicycle Demand as a Mainstream Transportation
Planning Function},
year = 1995,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1502,
pages = {22--28},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transport modelling}
}
@BOOK{Kee75,
author = {Theodore Keeler},
title = {The Full Costs of Urban Transport},
publisher = {Institute of Urban \& Regional Development},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
series = {Monograph},
number = {21},
year = 1975,
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{KeiRie01,
author = {M.J.N.~Keijer and Piet Rietveld},
title = {How do people get to the Railway Station? The {D}utch
Experience},
journal = {Transportation Planning and Technology},
volume = 23,
year = 2001,
month = NOV,
pages = {215--233},
keywords = {bicycle planning, rail},
url = {ftp://zappa.ubvu.vu.nl/19990009.pdf}
}
@BOOK{Kel97,
author = {D.~Kelbaugh},
title = {Common place: toward neighborhood and regional design},
year = 1997,
publisher = {University of Washington Press},
address = {Seattle, WA, USA},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Kel00,
author = {D.~Kelbaugh},
title = {Three paradigms: {N}ew {U}rbanism, everyday urbanism, post
urbanism---an excerpt from {T}he essential common place},
year = 2000,
journal = {Bulletin of Science, Technology \& Society},
volume = 20,
number = 4,
pages = {285--289},
keywords = {urban planning, new urbanism}
}
@ARTICLE{Kel94,
author = {Eric Kelley},
title = {The Transportation-Land Use Link},
year = 1994,
journal = {Journal of Planning Literature},
volume = 9,
number = 2,
pages = {128--145},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Kel98,
author = {R.~Keller},
title = {A review of Land Use Forecasting Methodoligies for
{M}etropolitan {P}lanning {O}rganizations},
year = 1998,
institution = {Austin Transportation Study}
}
@ARTICLE{Ken02,
author = {Christopher A.~Kennedy},
title = {A comparison of the sustainability of public and private
transportation systems: Study of the {G}reater {T}oronto {A}rea},
journal = {Transportation},
year = 2002,
volume = 29,
number = 4,
pages = {459--493},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{Ken91,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {The land use/transit connection in {T}oronto: Some lessons for
{A}ustralian cities},
year = 1991,
journal = {Australian Planner},
volume = 29,
number = 3,
pages = {149--154},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, canada, urban form, land use transport link, transit}
}
@ARTICLE{Ken95,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Automobile dependence in {B}angkok: An international
comparison with implications for planning policies},
year = 1995,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 1,
number = 3,
pages = {31--41},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp01.3.pdf},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Ken96,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Bicycling the world: A global perspective on bicycles in
cities and their role in reducing automobile dependence},
year = 1996,
booktitle = {Keynote paper to Velo Australia, International Bicycle
Conference},
month = OCT,
address = {Fremantle, Australia},
keywords = {bicycle planning, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{KenLauNewBar97,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Felix B.~Laube and Peter W.G.~Newman and
Paul Barter},
title = {Indicators of transport efficiency in 37 cities},
year = 1997,
institution = {World Bank and Institute for Science and Technology
Policy, Murdoch University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, transit }
}
@ARTICLE{KenLau02,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Felix B.~Laube},
title = {Urban transport patterns in a global sample of cities and their
linkages to transport infrastructure, land use, economics and
environment},
year = 2002,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 8,
number = 3,
pages = {5--19},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, transit, land use transport link, energy},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp08.3.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{KenLau02b,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Felix B.~Laube},
title = {Travel Demand Management: The potential for enhancing urban
rail opportunities and reducing automobile dependence in cities},
year = 2002,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 8,
number = 3,
pages = {20--36},
keywords = {transport planning, transit, transportation demand management, rail},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp08.3.pdf}
}
@BOOK{KenLauNewBarRaaPobGui00,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Felix B.~Laube and Peter W.G.~Newman and
Paul Barter and Tamim Raad and Chamlong Poboon and Benedicto
{Guia~Jr.}},
title = {An International Sourcebook of Automobile Dependence in Cities
1960--1990},
year = 2000,
publisher = {University Press of Colorado},
abstract = {
This sourcebook provides the most comprehensive set of time series
data and analyses on these important subjects that is available
today. It spans 46 cities in the US, Australia, Canada, Europe
and Asia, covering the widest possible range of data on the
land use and transportation systems, energy use, and economic
and environmental impacts of transportation that has been
assembled to date. It also contains a set of coloured maps for
each city outlining territorial boundaries, the extent of
urbanisation, and all rail, busway and freeway systems. A must
for every individual and organisation wanting to better
understand and respond to the urban transportation debate.
},
keywords = { data, transport planning, urban planning, transit, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@TECHREPORT{KenNew91,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Moving {M}elbourne: A public transport strategy for inner
{M}elbourne},
year = 1991,
institution = {Inner Metropolitan Regional Association, Victoria and
Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{KenNew93,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Automobile dependence: The irresistable force?},
year = 1993,
institution = {Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch
University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{KenNew94,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {{T}oronto---paradigm regained},
year = 1994,
journal = {Australian Planner},
volume = 31,
number = 3,
pages = {137--147},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, canada, urban form, transit, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{KenNewBarPob95,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Peter W.G.~Newman and Paul Barter and
Chamlong Poboon},
title = {Is increasing automobile dependence inevitable in booming
economies? {A}sian cities in an international context},
year = 1995,
journal = {IATSS Research},
volume = 19,
number = 2,
pages = {58--67},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{KenNewLyo89,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Peter W.G.~Newman and T.~Lyons},
title = {Urban planning and traffic congestion},
year = 1989,
journal = {Urban Policy and Research},
volume = 7,
number = 2,
pages = {67--80},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{KenNewLyo92,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Peter W.G.~Newman and T.~Lyons},
title = {The ecology of urban driving---{I}: Methodology},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 26,
number = 3,
pages = {263--272},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{KenBarNewPob94,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Paul Barter and Peter W.G.~Newman and
Chamlong Poboon},
title = {Resisting automobile dependence in booming economies: A case
study of {S}ingapore, {T}okyo and {H}ong {K}ong within a global
sample of cities},
year = 1994,
month = JUL,
booktitle = {Asian Studies Association of Australia Conference},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@TECHREPORT{KerJam99,
author = {I.~Ker and B.~James},
title = {Evaluating Behaviour Change in Transport: Benefit Cost
Analysis of Individualised Marketing},
year = 1999,
address = {Perth, Australia},
institution = {Transport WA},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{KhaAbrHun02,
author = {Azhar Shah Khan and John Edward Abraham and John Douglas Hunt},
title = {Agent-based microsimulation of business establishments},
year = 2002,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Congress of the European Regional
Science Association},
publisher = {European Regional Science Assocation},
address = {Dortmund, Germany},
url = {http://www.raumplanung.uni-dortmund.de/rwp/ersa2002/cd-rom/papers/435.pdf},
abstract = {
This paper describes the development and testing of a
microsimulation of the evolution of individual ''business
establishments'' (BEs) in an economy. The work is part of a
larger program of research and development of a model of all
the transportation and land development processes in an entire
spatial economic system. The simulation uses comparatively
simple, yet behavioural, rules and probabilistic models, using
a Monte Carlo process to simulate behaviour from the
probabilistic models. A BE is described primarily by its
business transactions - its purchases and sales of standard
commodity categories, called its ``consumption function'' and
``production function'' respectively. Make and Use tables from
traditional input-output models are used to determine these
relationships for a particular industry, and individual BEs
randomly vary around the industry average. Labour, floorspace
and final demand are included as commodities, to bind the BEs
to a given built form in a spatial system and to the patterns
of population. Thus a BE is described in terms of how big it
is, and its ``technical coefficients'' describing what it
purchases and sells.
The market for each commodity type is spatially disaggregated,
and BEs in a given location can sell or purchase their commodities
in a variety of different ``exchange zones'' that they are
willing to ship goods or services from or to. Prices at
exchange zones are adjusted over time so that, if the system is
allowed to reach equilibrium, the market for each commodity in
each exchange will be cleared. The BE's market choice model is
used to develop measures of the attractiveness of selling or
purchasing commodities when located in a zone. These measures
of commodity attractiveness are used with the production
function and consumption function to determine how attractive a
location is for a given BE and how well it is performing. A
BE's growth (positive and negative) and its probability of
bankruptcy (death) are based on the measure of location
attractiveness. Relocation pressures are based on the measure
of location attractiveness, as well as a composite measure of
the attractiveness of all other zones in the system and the
(fixed) attractiveness of leaving the model region entirely.
Relocating BEs vacate floorspace in a particular physical
location (a ``grid cell'') and then, if necessary, acquire new
floorspace in a grid cell in a different zone. As a successful
BE grows it is increasingly likely to split into two separate
BEs, either as a duplication of function into another location,
or a separation of business functions into separate locations. In
addition, entrepreneurial business ideas are set up as ``Proto
BEs'', which are business ideas that are being evaluated in any
one year. A ``Proto BE'' that is in an attractive location in one
year is likely to become an actual BE in the next year. Within
each zone, the land is represented as ``grid cells'', which are
finite quantities of land with a particular type and quantity
of floorspace and a particular building age. The prices for
each floorspace type in each zone, along with the age, type and
quantity of floorspace in each grid cell, are used to calculate
the probability that the land owner will choose to undertake
development, redevelopment, renovation or demolition in the
grid cell. The test system is represented using a 10x10 system
of zones and a network of transport connecting the zones with
reasonable travel times and costs. This system is used to test
the role of the various parameters, to determine reasonable
values for the parameters, how the model behaves when parameter
values are unreasonable, and how each parameter influences the
model system. A set of ``policy input'' scenarios are also
developed, to show how the modelling system can be used to test
the policy response. These include decreased development costs,
increased travel costs and changed land-use zoning regulations.
},
keywords = {ilute, spatial modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{KimLi96,
author = {Karl Kim and Lei Li},
title = {Modeling Fault Among Bicyclists and Drivers Involved in
Collisions in Hawaii, 1986--1991},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1538,
pages = {75--80},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1538-010.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Kir92,
author = {R.~Kirwan},
title = {Urban form, energy and transport---A note on the
{N}ewman-{K}enworthy thesis},
year = 1992,
journal = {Urban Policy and Research},
volume = 10,
number = 1,
pages = {6--23},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Kle07b,
author = {Christopher Klemek},
title = {Jane {J}acobs and the fall of urban renewal order in {N}ew
{Y}ork and {T}oronto},
year = 2007,
journal = {Journal of Urban History},
volume = 33,
number = 5,
keywords = {history, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{KloKha99,
author = {Jeremy R.~Klop and Asad J.~Khattak},
title = {Factors Influencing Bicycle Crash Severity on Two-Lane,
Undivided Roadways in {N}orth {C}arolina},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1674,
year = 1999,
pages = {78--85},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1674-011.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{KK00,
author = {K{\o}benhavns {K}ommune ({M}unicipality of {C}openhagen)},
title = {Cykelregnskab 2000 ({B}icycle {A}ccount 2000)},
institution = {K{\o}benhavns {K}ommune},
year = 2000,
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.vejpark.kk.dk/publikationer/pdf/156_CykelregnskabDK.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{KK04,
author = {K{\o}benhavns {K}ommune ({M}unicipality of {C}openhagen)},
title = {Cykelregnskab 2004 ({B}icycle {A}ccount 2004)},
institution = {K{\o}benhavns {K}ommune},
year = 2004,
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.vejpark.kk.dk/publikationer/pdf/410_cykelregnskab2004.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Klo94,
author = {R.E.~Klosterman},
title = {An Introduction to the Literature on Large-Scale Urban
Models},
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 60,
number = 1,
pages = {41--44},
year = 1994,
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@TECHREPORT{KniTry77,
author = {Robert L.~Knight and Lisa L.~Trygg},
title = {Land use impacts of rapid transit},
year = 1977,
month = AUG,
institution = {U.S.~Department of Transportation},
number = {DOT-TPI-10-77-29},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{KniTry77b,
author = {Robert L.~Knight and Lisa L.~Trygg},
title = {Evidence of Land use impacts of rapid transit systems},
year = 1977,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 6,
number = 3,
pages = {231--247},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Kni99,
author = {Stephen Knight},
title = {Urban Cycling Options in the Free Market},
year = 1999,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 5,
number = 1,
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp05.1.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Koc97,
author = {Kara Maria Kockelman},
title = {Travel Behavior as a Function of Accessibility, Land Use
Mixing and Land Use Balance: Evidence from the {S}an {F}rancisco
{B}ay {A}rea},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = {1607},
pages = {116--125},
year = 1997,
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning},
abstract = {
By incorporating characteristics of the built environment into
models of travel behavior, much can be said about household
travel distances, automobile ownership, and mode choice. This
research investigates the relative significance of a variety of
measures of urban form, both at trip-makers' home neighborhoods
and at trip ends. The travel data come from the 1990 San
Francisco Bay Area Travel Surveys, and the land-use data are
largely constructed from hectare-level descriptions provided by
the Association of Bay Area Governments.
After controlling for demographic characteristics, the measures
of accessibility, land use mixing, and land use balance proved
to be highly statistically significant and influential in their
impact on household vehicle miles traveled (VMT), automobile
ownership, and mode choice. In contrast, under the majority of
models (with the important exception of the vehicle-ownership
models), density's impact was negligible, after
controlling for accessibility. In many cases, balance, mix, and
accessibility were found to be more relevant (as measured by
elasticities) than several household and traveler
characteristics that often form a basis for travel behavior
prediction. Moreover, the apparent influence that these
variables, particularly accessibility, have on travel behavior
is dramatic.
If a societal objective is reduced automobile use and
dependence, while maintaining or improving general
accessibility levels, these results lend empirical support to
the promotion of a variety of land-use policies, such as
regional growth containment, the raising and/or removal of
density/intensity caps, and the establishment of mixed-use and
flexible zoning standards throughout urban areas. These results
also represent a step forward in the inclusion of measures of
urban form in travel behavior forecasting models; thanks to the
technology of geographical information systems and the
increasing availability of detailed land-use data sets, such
measures can be computed for a multitude of zones at relatively
low cost.
},
url = {http://www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/kockelman/public_html/mcpthesis.zip}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Koo90,
author = {E.~Koop},
title = {On the recent engagement of bicycles and trains in {D}enmark},
year = 1990,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo-City 1989},
editor = {N.~Jensen},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
keywords = {bicycle planning, rail}
}
@TECHREPORT{KopBha06,
author = {Frank S.~Koppelman and Chandra R.~Bhat},
title = {A Self Instructing Course in Mode Choice Modelling:
Multinomial and Nested Logit Models},
year = 2006,
month = JUN,
institution = {U.S. Department of Transportation and Federal Transit
Administration},
address = {Washington, D.C.},
url = {http://www.civil.northwestern.edu/people/koppelman/PDFs/LM_Draft_060131Final-060630.pdf},
keywords = {discrete choice modelling}
}
@BOOK{Kos91,
author = {F.~Kostoff},
title = {The city shaped: urban patterns and meanings through history},
year = 1991,
publisher = {Thames and Hudson},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban planning, history}
}
@ARTICLE{KreDoh02,
author = {M.~Kreitz and Sean T.~Doherty},
title = {Spatial Behavioral Data, Collection and Use in Activity
Scheduling Models},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
doi = {10.3141/1804-17},
volume = 1804,
year = 2002,
pages = {126--133},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute}
}
@ARTICLE{Kri91,
author = {M.H.~Krieger},
title = {Segmentation and filtering into neighborhoods as processes of
percolation and diffusion: stochastic processes (randomness) as the
null hypothesis},
year = 1991,
journal = {Environment and Planning A},
volume = 23,
pages = {1609--1626},
keywords = {spatial modelling}
}
@BOOK{Kri98,
author = {Leon Krier},
title = {Architecture: choice or fate?},
year = 1998,
publisher = {Andreas Papadakis},
address = {Windsor, Berks, UK},
keywords = {architecture, urban design}
}
@ARTICLE{Kri00,
author = {Kevin J.~Krizek},
title = {Pretest-posttest strategy for researching neighborhood scale
urban form and travel behavior},
year = 2000,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1722,
pages = {48--55},
keywords = {urban form, land use transport link, urban design}
}
@ARTICLE{Kri03b,
author = {Kevin J.~Krizek},
title = {Operationalizing neighborhood accessibility for land
use-travel behavior research and modeling},
year = 2003,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 22,
number = 3,
pages = {270--287},
keywords = {urban planning, accessibility}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Kri04,
author = {Kevin J.~Krizek},
title = {Estimating the Economic Benefits of Bicycling and Bicycle
Facilities: An Interpretive Review and Proposed Methods},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 84th meeting of the Transportation
Research Board},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb/trb2004/TRB2004-000070.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Kri06,
author = {Kevin J.~Krizek},
title = {Lifestyles, Residential Location Decisions, and Pedestrian and
Transit Activity},
year = 2006,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1981,
doi = {10.3141/1981-25},
keywords = {location choice}
}
@ARTICLE{KriRol05,
author = {Kevin J.~Krizek and Rio W.~Roland},
title = {What is at the end of the road? {U}nderstanding discontinuities
of on-street bicycle lanes in urban settings},
year = 2005,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 10,
number = 1,
pages = {55--68},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg\&_imagekey=B6VH8-4DS96N4-1-1\&_cdi=6060\&_user=10\&_orig=browse\&_coverDate=01\%2F01\%2F2005\&_sk=999899998\&view=c\&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkWb\&md5=6fc65ae08c64e7a5f12d50c86cc028e8\&ie=/sdarticle.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
abstract = {
Demarcating on-street bicycle facilities is often mentioned as an
important strategy to encourage increased bicycle safety and
bicycle travel. However, little if any literature has focused
on instances where separate on-street bicycle facilities end.
This paper better understands the severity of such instances
and corresponding physical characteristics. We identify 30
discontinuities of on-street bicycle lanes in Minneapolis,
Minnesota, and collect primary data measuring their physical
attributes and cyclists' perceptions of the level of comfort
while cycling through each. Using multi-variate analysis, the
findings suggest that discontinuities ending on the left
side of the street, with increased distance of crossing
intersections, having parking after the
discontinuities, and wider width of the curb lane are
statistical elements that contribute to higher levels
of discomfort. Such analysis is useful in determining
bicyclists' comfort level where discontinuities exist
and such methods can be an important part of an overall
level of service toolkit for planning on-street bicycle
lanes.
}
}
@ARTICLE{KriWad02,
author = {Kevin J.~Krizek and Paul Waddell},
title = {Analysis of Lifestyle Choices: Neighborhood Type, Travel
Patterns, and Activity Patterns},
year = 2002,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1807,
doi = {10.3141/1807-15},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@BOOK{KruFor90,
author = {N.~Krumholtz and J.~Forester},
title = {Making Equity Planning Work: Leadership in the Public Sector},
year = 1990,
publisher = {Temple University Press},
keywords = {equity, transport planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Kru86,
author = {H.-J.~Krupp},
title = {Potential and limitations of microsimulation models},
year = 1986,
editor = {G.H.~Orcutt and J.~Merz and H.~Quinke},
booktitle = {Microanalytic Simulation Models to Support Social and
Financial Policy},
publisher = {North-Holland},
address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
keywords = {urban economics, transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Kub96,
author = {H.~Kubota},
title = {Traffic Congestion: A Tale of Three Cities, Impressions of
{B}angkok, {J}akarta, and {M}anila},
year = 1996,
journal = {The Wheel Extended (Toyota Quarterly Review)},
volume = 96,
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Kui82,
author = {Ing D.H.~Kuijper},
title = {De {OFOS}: een beschouwing over de opgeblazen
fietsopstelstrook (The {OFOS}: A Description of the `expanded
waiting lane for cyclists')},
year = 1982,
journal = {Verkeerskunde},
volume = 33,
number = {9-1982},
note = {Department of Transport translation 3242},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box},
annote = { The original Dutch study of bike boxes / advance stop lines.
OFOS (Opgeblazen fietsopstelstrook) is the Dutch name for the
device. }
}
@TECHREPORT{Kul74,
author = {D.~Kulash},
title = {Parking taxes as roadway prices: A case study of the {S}an
{F}rancisco experience},
year = 1974,
institution = {The Urban Institute},
type = {Paper},
number = {1212-9},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {congestion pricing, parking}
}
@BOOK{Kun93,
author = {James H.~Kunstler},
title = {The Geography of Nowhere: The Rise and Decline of {A}merica's
Man-Made Landscape},
year = 1993,
publisher = {Touchstone},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {general interest, history, urban form}
}
@BOOK{Kun96,
author = {James H.~Kunstler},
title = {Home from Nowhere},
year = 1996,
publisher = {Simon \& Schuster},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {general interest, history, urban form}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{KurBel97,
author = {C.~Kuranani and D.D.~Bel},
title = {Bicycle Parking in {T}okyo: Issues, Policy and Innovation},
year = 1997,
booktitle = {Presented at the 76th Annual Meeting of the
Transportation Research Board},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{Kuz90,
author = {J.R.~Kuzmyak},
title = {Evaluation of Travel Demand Management Measures to Relieve Congestion},
year = 1990,
publisher = {U.S.~Federal Highway Administration},
keywords = {transportation demand management, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Kuz03,
author = {Richard J.~Kuzmyak},
title = {Parking Management and Supply},
year = 2003,
institution = {Transportation Cooperative Research Program,
U.S.~Federal Transit Administration},
type = {Report},
number = 95,
chapter = 18,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning, parking},
url = {http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp\%5Frpt\%5F95c18.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Kwa99,
author = {Mei-Po Kwan},
title = {Gender, the Home-Work Link, and Space-Time Patterns of
Nonemployment Activities},
year = 1999,
month = OCT,
journal = {Economic Geography},
volume = 75,
number = 4,
pages = {370--394},
keywords = {equity, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Lam67,
author = {Thomas Lambe},
title = {The Choice of Parking Location by Workers in the {C}entral
{B}usiness {D}istrict},
year = 1967,
journal = {Traffic Quarterly},
volume = 23,
number = 3,
pages = {397--411},
keywords = {parking, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{Lam96,
author = {Thomas Lambe},
title = {Driver Choice of Parking in the City},
year = 1996,
journal = {Socio-Economic Planning Sciences},
volume = 30,
number = 3,
pages = {207--219},
keywords = {parking, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{Lan94b,
author = {Bruce W.~Landis},
title = {Bicycle intersection hazard score: a theoretical model},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1438,
pages = {3--8},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Lan96,
author = {Bruce W.~Landis},
title = {Bicycle system performance measures},
year = 1996,
journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal},
pages = {18--26},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{LanPetHuaDo04,
author = {Bruce W.~Landis and Theodore A.~Petritsch and Herman F.~Huang
and Ann Do},
title = {Characteristics of Emerging Road and Trail Users and Their
Safety},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1878,
doi = {10.3141/1878-16},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb/trb2004/TRB2004-001954.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{LanVatBra97,
author = {Bruce W.~Landis and Venkat R.~Vattikuti and Michael T.~Brannick},
title = {Real-time human perceptions: towards a bicycle level of
service},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1578,
pages = {119--126},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1578-15.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{LanVatOttPet03,
author = {Bruce W.~Landis and Venkat R.~Vattikuti and Russell M.~Ottenberg and
Theodore A.~Petritsch},
title = {Intersection level of service for the bicycle through movement},
year = 2003,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1828,
pages = {101--106},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Lan94,
author = {John D.~Landis},
title = {The {C}alifornia Urban Futures Model: a new generation of
metropolitan simulation models},
year = 1994,
journal = {Environment and Planning B},
volume = 21,
pages = {399--421},
keywords = {urban planning, spatial modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{LanCer99,
author = {John D.~Landis and Robert Cervero},
title = {Middle age sprawl: {BART} and urban development},
year = 1999,
journal = {Access},
volume = 14,
pages = {2--15},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{LanCerHal91,
author = {John D.~Landis and Robert Cervero and Peter Hall},
title = {Transit joint development in the {USA}: an inventory and
policy assessment},
year = 1991,
journal = {Environment and Planning C},
volume = 9,
number = 4,
pages = {431--452},
keywords = {transit, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{LanGuhZha94,
author = {John D.~Landis and S.~Guhathakurta and Ming Zhang},
title = {Capitalization of transit investments into single-family home
prices: a comparative analysis of five {C}alifornia rail transit
systems},
year = 1994,
type = {IURD Working Paper},
number = 619,
institution = {Institute of Urban and Regional Development},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling}
}
@TECHREPORT{LanGuhHuaZha95,
author = {John D.~Landis and S.~Guhathakurta and W.~Huang and Ming Zhang},
title = {Rail Transit Investments, Real Estate Values and Land Use
Change: a comparative analysis of five {C}alifornia rail transit
systems},
year = 1995,
type = {IURD Monograph},
number = 48,
institution = {Institute of Urban and Regional Development},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling, urban economics}
}
@ARTICLE{LanZha98a,
author = {John D.~Landis and Ming Zhang},
title = {The second generation of the {C}alifornia urban futures model.
Part 1: Model logic and theory},
year = 1998,
journal = {Environment and Planning B},
volume = 25,
pages = {657--666},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{LanOttVat00,
author = {Bruce Landis and Russell Ottenberg and Venkat Vatticuti},
title = {The latent demand method},
year = 2000,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo Mondiale 2000},
address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transport modelling},
url = {http://www.velomondial.net/velomondiall2000/PDF/LANDIS.PDF}
}
@ARTICLE{LanZha98b,
author = {John D.~Landis and Ming Zhang},
title = {The second generation of the {C}alifornia urban futures model.
Part 2: Specification and calibration results of the land use
change module},
year = 1998,
journal = {Environment and Planning B},
volume = 25,
pages = {795--824},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@BOOK{Las78,
author = {C.~Lasch},
title = {The culture of narcissism},
year = 1978,
publisher = {Norton},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {sociology}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{LauSpiWeg02,
author = {Kari Lautso and Klaus Spiekermann and Michael Wegener},
title = {Modelling policies for urban sustainability},
year = 2002,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Congress of the European Regional
Science Association},
publisher = {European Regional Science Assocation},
address = {Dortmund, Germany},
url = {http://www.raumplanung.uni-dortmund.de/rwp/ersa2002/cd-rom/papers/384.pdf},
abstract = {The objective of the EU research project PROPOLIS (Planning
and Research of Policies for Land Use and Transport for
Increasing Urban Sustainability) is to assess urban strategies
and to demonstrate their long-term effect in European cities. To
reach this goal, a comprehensive framework of methodologies
including integrated land use, transport and environmental
modelling as well as indicator, evaluation and presentation systems
have been developed. Sustainable development is viewed as
comprising the environmental, socio-cultural and economic
dimension. About thirty key indicators have been defined to measure
the three dimensions of sustainability, such as air pollution,
consumption of natural resources, quality of open space, population
exposure to air pollution and noise, equity and opportunities and
economic benefits from transport and land use.
Indicator values are derived from state-of-the-art urban land use
and transport models. A number of additional modules, including a
justice evaluation module, an economic evaluation module and a
GIS-based raster module, have been developed and integrated to
provide further indicator values. Both multicriteria and
cost-benefit analysis methods are used to consistently evaluate the
impact of the policies. The environmental and social dimensions of
sustainability are measured using multicriteria analysis for the
evaluation of the indicators, whereas cost-benefit analysis is used
for the economic dimension. The modelling and evaluation system is
currently being implemented in seven European urban
agglomerations: Bilbao (Spain), Brussels (Belgium),
Dortmund (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Inverness (Scotland), Naples
(Italy) and Vicenza (Italy).
A large number of policies will be tested with the modelling and
evaluation system in the seven urban regions. Policies to be
investigated are land use policies, transport infrastructure
policies, transport regulation and pricing policies and
combinations of these. Besides a common policy set for all seven
urban regions, city-specific local policies will be assessed as
well. The first part of the paper will introduce the methodology
and the modelling system developed. The second part will present
first results of the policy testing and evaluation. The paper will
conclude with initial conclusions on successful strategies to
enhance the long-term sustainability of urban regions.
},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Lav77,
author = {C.~Lave},
title = {Rail Rapid Transit and Energy: The Adverse Effects},
year = 1977,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 648,
pages = {14--30},
keywords = {transit, energy, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Law99,
author = {Robin Law},
title = {Beyond `women and transport': towards new geographies of
gender and daily mobility},
year = 1999,
journal = {Progress in Human Geography},
volume = 23,
number = 4,
pages = {567--588},
keywords = {equity, gender, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{LawMor99,
author = {S.~Lawson and B.~Morris},
title = {Our of cars and onto bikes: what chance?},
year = 1999,
month = MAY,
volume = 40,
number = 5,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{LecMcC99,
author = {M.~Leccese and K.~Mc{C}ormick},
title = {Charter of the {N}ew {U}rbanism},
year = 1999,
publisher = {McGraw Hill},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, new urbanism}
}
@ARTICLE{LecNoeLee01,
author = {C.~Leclerc and N.~No{\"e}l and Martin E.H.~Lee-Gosselin},
title = {Cyclisme et convivialité de la route: développement d'un outil
d'aide ŕ la décision},
year = 2001,
journal = {Routes et transports},
volume = 30,
number = 1,
pages = {9--20},
keywords = {bicycle planning, canada}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Led97,
author = {Lars Leden},
title = {Has the city of {G}othenburg found the concept to encourage
bicycling by improving safety for bicyclists?},
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo-City 97},
year = 1997,
address = {Barcelona, Spain},
pages = {271--274},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pavement colouring}
}
@ARTICLE{LedGarPul98,
author = {Lars Leden and Per G{\aa}rdner and Urho Pulkkinen},
title = {Measuring the safety effect of raised bicycle crossings using
a new research methodology},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
year = 1998,
volume = 1636,
pages = {64--70},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pavement colouring}
}
@ARTICLE{LedGarPul00,
author = {Lars Leden and Per G{\aa}rdner and Urho Pulkkinen},
title = {An expert judgment mode applied to estimating the safety
effect of a bicycle facility},
journal = {Accident Analysis and Prevention},
year = 2000,
volume = 32,
number = 4,
pages = {589--599},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pavement colouring}
}
@ARTICLE{Led02,
author = {Lars Leden},
title = {Pedestrian risk decrease with pedestrian flow},
journal = {Accident Analysis and Prevention},
year = 2002,
volume = 34,
pages = {457--464},
keywords = {pedestrian planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{LeeSchKop04,
author = {Brian Ho-Yin Lee and Joseph L.~Schofer and Frank
S.~Koppelman},
title = {Bicycle Safety Helmet Legislation and Bicycle-Related
Non-Fatal Injuries in {C}alifornia},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 84th meeting of the Transportation
Research Board},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb/trb2004/TRB2004-000874.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{Lee95,
author = {D.~Lee},
title = {Full Cost of Pricing Highways},
year = 1995,
institution = {John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{LeeKleCam99,
author = {D.~Lee and L.~Klein and G.~Camus},
title = {Induced traffic and induced demand},
year = 1999,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1659,
pages = {68--75},
keywords = {induced travel, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{Lee73,
author = {Douglas B.~Lee},
title = {Requiem for Large Scale Urban Models},
journal = {Journal of the American Institute of Planners},
volume = 39,
number = 3,
pages = {163--178},
year = 1973,
keywords = {spatial modelling}
}
@TECHREPORT{LeeDohSabMcN99,
author = {Ming S.~Lee and Sean T.~Doherty and Ramesh Sabetiashraf and
Michael G.~Mc{N}ally},
title = {{iCHASE}: An {I}nternet Computerized Household Activity
Scheduling Elicitor Survey},
year = 1999,
month = NOV,
institution = {Center for Activity Systems Analysis},
number = {UCI-ITS-AS-WP-99-1},
url = {http://repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030\&context=itsirvine/casa},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute},
abstract = {
The primary goal of activity-based models is a fundamental
examination of the behavioral process that results in revealed
travel behavior. To reveal this process, a new computer
program, iCHASE, has been developed to collect data for a study
of the determinants of travel and activity behavior in
households. These data are inherently dynamic, since
respondents record planned activity schedules and then update
these schedules on a daily basis, fully defined in time and
space. The resultant data will facilitate the identification of
fundamental inter-relationships among a comprehensive range of
revealed travel and activity participation variables, leading
toward the identification of the critical variables,
relationships and rules that govern that behavior. It is believed
that an Internet-based travel survey, particularly one as rich
in resultant content as iCHASE, will significantly reduce data
collection costs, improve data quality and quantity and allow
for continuous data collection.
}
}
@ARTICLE{LeeMcN01,
author = {M.S.~Lee and M.~Mc{N}ally},
title = {Experiments with a Computerized Self-Administrative Activity
Survey},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1748,
pages = {125--131},
year = 2001,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Lee98,
author = {Loretta Lees},
title = {Vancouver: A Portfolio},
year = 1998,
journal = {Urban Geography},
volume = 19,
number = 4,
pages = {283--286},
keywords = {sociology, canada}
}
@BOOK{Lef91,
author = {Henri Lefebvre},
title = {The Production of Space},
year = 1991,
publisher = {Blackwell},
address = {Oxford, UK},
keywords = {geography}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Leh03,
author = {Ursula Lehner-Lierz},
title = {The role of Cycling for Women},
chapter = 10,
editor = {Rodney Tolley},
booktitle = {The greening of urban transportation: planning for walking and
cycling in {W}estern cities},
year = 1997,
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
edition = {3rd},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
keywords = {transport planning, gender, bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{LehMil96,
author = {U.~Lehrer and R.~Milgrom},
year = 1996,
title = {New (sub)urbanism: countersprawl or repackaging the product},
journal = {Capitalism, Nature, Socialism},
volume = 7,
pages = {49--64},
keywords = {urban planning, new urbanism}
}
@TECHREPORT{Lem73,
author = {Kai Lemberg},
title = {Pedestrian streets and other motor vehicle traffic restraints
in Central {C}openhagen},
year = 1973,
institution = {City of Copenhagen, General Planning Department},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Lem01,
author = {Andr{\'e} Lemelin},
title = {Calcul de l'impact sur la circulation automobile d'une taxe
sur le stationnement dans la grande région de {M}ontréal},
year = 2001,
month = NOV,
type = {Inédits},
number = {2001-6},
address = {Montréal, QC, Canada},
institution = {Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique:
Urbanisation, Culture et Société},
url = {http://www.inrs-ucs.uquebec.ca/pdf/inedit2001_06.pdf},
keywords = {parking, canada}
}
@TECHREPORT{LemHamSte00,
author = {Andr{\'e} Lemelin and Pierre J.~Hamel and Alain Sterck},
title = {Étude sur la mise en place d'une taxe sur le stationnement
dans la grande région de {M}ontréal},
year = 2000,
address = {Montréal, QC, Canada},
institution = {Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique:
Urbanisation, Culture et Société},
url = {http://www.inrs-ucs.uquebec.ca/pdf/rap2000_01.pdf},
keywords = {parking, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{Ler76,
author = {Steven R.~Lerman},
title = {Location, Housing, Auto Ownership and Mode to Work: A Joint
Choice Model},
year = 1976,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 610,
pages = {6--11},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{LerCelHalCheRya92,
author = {E.~Lerner-Lam and S.P.~Celniker and G.W.~Halbert and
C.~Chellman and S.~Ryan},
title = {Neotraditional neighborhood design and its implications for
traffic engineering},
year = 1992,
month = JAN,
journal = {ITE Journal},
pages = {17--25},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets}
}
@ARTICLE{Lev99,
author = {Jonathan Levine},
title = {Access to choice},
year = 1999,
journal = {Access Magazine},
volume = 14,
pages = {16--19},
keywords = {land use transport link}
}
@BOOK{Lev05,
author = {Jonathan Levine},
title = {Zoned Out: Regulation, Markets and Choices in Transportation
and Metropolitan Land Use},
year = 2005,
month = OCT,
publisher = {Resources For the Future Press},
keywords = {land use transport link, zoning}
}
@ARTICLE{LevFra07,
author = {Jonathan Levine and Lawrence D.~Frank},
title = {Transportation and Land Use Preferences and residents'
neighborhood choices: the sufficiency of compact development in the
{A}tlanta region},
year = 2007,
journal = {Transportation},
keywords = {land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{LevWyn67,
author = {H.~Levinson and F.~Wynn},
title = {Effects of density on urban transportation requirements},
year = 1967,
journal = {Highway Research Record},
volume = 2,
pages = {38--64},
keywords = {transport planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@TECHREPORT{Lev82,
author = {H.S.~Levinson},
title = {Parking in a Changing Time},
year = 1982,
institution = {Eno Foundation for Transportation},
address = {Westport, CT, USA},
abstract = {
Parking's broad influence over travel in the modern urban setting
is discussed, including recent changes in urban priorities and
transport policies created by contemporary concerns for
environment, energy, and air pollution. Downtown parking issues
and options are reviewed. They include questions related to how
parking affects and is affected by many other factors,
including community development, environemental concerns,
transportation goals, existing parking facilities and street
systems, urban and suburban transit stops and the like. The
impacts of increasing or decreasing automobile access are
depicted. Three basic city center types are identified and
described: extensively transit-oriented, intermediate transit
use, and predominantly automobile oriented. The basic problems
posed by commuter parking are covered, as are options for
dealing with them. Four options for downtown parking and
transportation policy are presented: trend projection, maintain
present auto-transit balance, all future growth by transit, and
reduce the number of automobiles accumulated downtown. Air
quality considerations are mentioned. Parking supply and demand
can be adjusted by stabilizing downtown parking supply,
revising parking rates to encourage short- term use, and
implementing new zoning policies to limit parking. Each option
is discussed. Urban parking policies require community
participation. The groups and concerns involved are reviewed.
Parking guidelines are suggested for major transit corridors.
Recommendations are made on issues to be considered in forming
parking policies and programs in the future.
},
keywords = { parking, transportation demand management, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{LevWyn63,
author = {H.~Levinson and F.~Wynne},
title = {Effects of Density on Urban Transportation Requirements},
year = 1963,
journal = {Highway Research Record},
volume = 2,
pages = {38--64},
keywords = {urban form, transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{Ley93,
author = {David Ley},
title = {Gentrification in Recession: Social Change in Six {C}anadian
Inner Cities},
year = 1993,
journal = {Urban Geography},
volume = 13,
number = 3,
pages = {230--256},
keywords = {geography, canada, equity}
}
@BOOK{Ley96,
author = {David Ley},
title = {The Middle Class and the Making of the Central City},
year = 1996,
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
address = {Oxford, UK},
keywords = {geography, equity}
}
@BOOK{Lib75,
author = {M.C.~Libicki},
title = {Land use impacts of major transit improvements},
year = 1975,
month = MAR,
publisher = {Urban Analysis Program, Office of Transportation Planning
Analysis, Assistant Secretary for Policy Plans and International
Affairs, Office of the Secretary of Transportation},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{LimNie04,
author = {Thirayoot Limanond and Debbie A.~Niemeier},
title = {Effect of land use on decisions of shopping tour generation: a
case study of three traditional neighborhoods in {WA}},
year = 2004,
month = MAY,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 31,
number = 2,
pages = {153--181},
keywords = {transport modelling, discrete choice modelling, shopping},
abstract = {
This study investigates the relationship between land use and
shopping tour generation using an activity-based shopping model
that captures the effects of land use patterns on household
decisions of shopping tour frequency, tour scheduling and mode
choice. The model was calibrated using travel data collected in
three traditional neighborhoods located in the Puget Sound region,
WA, and shopping travel patterns across seven common household
structures were analyzed. The results reveal that land use patterns
have virtually no impact on overall shopping tour frequency.
However, land use does seem to be associated with decisions about
the type of shopping tours undertaken. For example, households with
poorer accessibility tend to make fewer one-stop shopping tours,
and are more likely to combine shopping trips with other trips to
form multi-stop shopping tours as a means of compensating for
locational deficiencies. Finally, we also found that traditional
neighborhood residents who live closer to the neighborhood
commercial street, and thus, have greater accessibility, are more
inclined to use non-auto modes for one-stop shopping tours.
}
}
@ARTICLE{LimNieMok05,
author = {Thirayoot Limanond and Debbie A.~Niemeier and Patricia
L.~Mokhtarian},
title = {Specification of a tour-based neighborhood shopping model},
year = 2005,
month = MAY,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 32,
number = 2,
doi = {10.1007/s11116-004-6992-1},
pages = {105--135},
keywords = {transport modelling, shopping}
}
@ARTICLE{LinFis96,
author = {Y.~Lin and P.A.~Fishwick},
title = {Asynchronous Parallel Discrete Event Simulation},
journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics},
volume = 26,
number = 4,
pages = {397--412},
year = 1996,
keywords = {computer science, spatial modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Lit05,
author = {Todd Litman},
title = {Efficient vehicles versus efficient transportation: comparing
transportation energy conservation strategies},
year = 2005,
journal = { Transport Policy},
volume = 12,
number = 2,
pages = {91--184},
keywords = { energy }
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{LitDohMil04,
author = {Marek Litwin and Sean Doherty and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Investigating competition patterns in the household activity
scheduling processes},
year = 2004,
month = JAN,
booktitle = {Presented at the 83rd Annual Meeting of the
Transportation Research Board},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour},
abstract = {
Recent developments in the area of dynamic household activity
scheduling require better understanding of the behavioural
aspects of scheduling processes within households, and, in
particular, formation and modification of the provisional
schedule, conflict resolution, and rescheduling processes. The
goal of this paper is to identify and examine scheduling
processes within households using data collected in Quebec City
using the Computerized Household Activity Scheduling Elicitor
(CHASE) survey software. CHASE addresses the problems of
detailed data collection not only concerning activities and
travel per se, but also scheduling behaviour processes
themselves, including dynamic modifications to the schedule
during its execution phase. Univariate analysis performed on
the CHASE data provides insights and correlations between
household characteristics and the nature of these processes but
also questions the activity scheduling approach based on
generic activity type classification rules.
}
}
@MISC{LitMil02,
author = {Marek Litwin and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Investigation of household activity behaviour---descriptive
analysis},
howpublished = {Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Canadian
Regional Science Association},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
year = 2002,
month = JUN,
keywords = {ilute, transport modelling, travel behaviour}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{LitMil04,
author = {Marek Litwin and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Agenda formation: evolution of activity sequencing within an
event-driven time-series based framework},
year = 2004,
month = MAY,
booktitle = {Presented at the EIRASS Conference on Progress in
Activity-Based Analysis},
address = {Maastricht, The Netherlands},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, canada, travel behaviour},
abstract = {
This paper provides a quantitative analysis and comparison between
the recent Toronto Activity Panel Survey CHASE (Computerized
Household Activity Scheduling Elicitor) dataset and a
previously collected Quebec City CHASE dataset with the focus
on household agenda formation.
The CHASE datasets were analyzed in the context of a newly
developed event-driven time-series based activity scheduling
framework that explicitly incorporates individuals' agenda
formation. The modelling framework, based on McTaggart's
concept of time, has two levels of agenda abstraction:
conceptual and perceptual, where the second level of
abstraction includes provisional sequences of activity
episodes. CHASE has been designed to provide detailed
observation of scheduling processes and agenda formation. In
particular it allows one to trace activity schedule evolution
from the planning phase, through modification phases to the
execution phase. An original computer algorithm has been
applied to the datasets to allow the analyst to visualize the
development of provisional activity sequences.
}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{LitMil04b,
author = {Marek Litwin and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Event-driven time-series based dynamic model of decision
making processes: philosophical background and conceptual
framework},
year = 2004,
month = JAN,
booktitle = {Presented at the 83rd Annual Meeting of the
Transportation Research Board},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour},
abstract = {
The time dimension in decision-making and activity scheduling
models in both conceptual and operational applications is a
critical issue. A crude conceptualization of time in current
models creates a number of problems with representing dynamic
decision-making processes and limits the potential of existing
models. Event-Driven Time-Series Based Dynamic Model of
Decision Making Processes is a proposition of a modeling
framework that attempts to simulate the natural way of
decision-making and scheduling behaviour which transforms
agent's ideas from their conceptual phase through a provisional
schedule to eventually executed activity patterns. It is based
on concepts of time in philosophy and science of social
behaviour and psychology. The Event-Driven Time-Series Based
Dynamic Model links short-term scheduling with long-term
planning and lifetime decision-making. This provides a natural
link with car ownership or land use models and also provides
for a dynamic interface with microsimulation models of network
performance sensitive to short-term fluctuations of traffic
condition. The model explicitly utilizes conceptual
and perceptual time-spaces and exploits non-linearity
and multidimensionality of decision-making time-space.
The decision-making agents explicitly recognize a time
horizon and their decision-making behaviour is driven
by events.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Liu95,
author = {X.~Liu and L.~Shen and F.~Ren},
title = {Operational Analysis of Bicycle Accidents and Recommended
Countermeasures in {B}eijing, {C}hina},
year = 1995,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1487,
pages = {75--83},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{LouBan00,
author = {Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris and Tridib Banerjee},
title = {The {B}lue {L}ine blues: why the vision of transit village may
not materialize despite impressive growth in transit ridership},
year = 2000,
journal = {Journal of Urban Design},
volume = 5,
number = 2,
pages = {101--125},
keywords = {urban planning, transit-oriented development, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{Lou00,
author = {Erik Louw},
title = {The production of business sites in the {N}etherlands},
year = 2000,
journal = {Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie},
volume = 91,
number = 1,
pages = {85--91},
keywords = {demography of firms, firm behaviour}
}
@TECHREPORT{Low64,
author = {Ira S.~Lowry},
title = {A Model of Metropolis},
year = 1964,
number = {RM-4035-RC},
institution = {Rand Corporation},
address = {Santa Monica, CA, USA},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Low74,
author = {Ira S.~Lowry},
title = {A Model of Metropolis (excerpts)},
year = 1974,
editor = {J.~Franklin},
booktitle = {Models of Employment and Residential Location},
publisher = {Center for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers University},
address = {New Brunswick, NJ, USA},
pages = {199--232},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@TECHREPORT{Luc98,
author = {William J.~Lucas},
title = {A report on cycling fatalities in {T}oronto 1986--1996:
recommendations for reducing cycling injuries and death},
year = 1998,
month = JUL,
institution = {Office of the Regional Coroner for Toronto},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle collisions, canada},
url = {http://www.city.toronto.on.ca/cycling/coroner_index.htm}
}
@ARTICLE{LucPhi95,
author = {W.~Lucy and D.~Phillips},
title = {Why some suburbs thrive},
year = 1995,
month = JUN,
journal = {Planning},
pages = {20--21},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Lue85,
author = {A.~Luers},
title = {Reiseantrittwiderstande, speziell der {E}influss wohnungsnaher
{A}bstellm{\"o}glichkeiten auf den {V}erkehrsanteil des
{F}ahrrades ({R}esistance factors at the start of journeys, with
particular reference to the availability of cycle parking
facilities near residences)},
booktitle = {Perspektiven des {F}ahrradverkehrs: {I}nternationaler
{P}lanungsseminar auf {S}chloss {L}axenburg bei {W}ien},
address = {Vienna, Austria},
year = 1985,
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{LunCerWil04,
author = {Holly M.~Lund and Robert Cervero and Richard W.~Willson},
title = {Travel Characteristics of {T}ransit-{O}riented {D}evelopment in
{C}alifornia},
year = 2004,
month = JAN,
institution = {Cal Poly Ponoma / UC Berkeley / San Francisco BART},
address = {Sacramento, CA, USA},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning, transit-oriented development}
}
@BOOK{Lyn62,
author = {Kevin Lynch},
title = {Site Planning},
year = 1962,
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
publisher = {MIT Press},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@BOOK{Lyn76,
author = {Kevin Lynch},
title = {Managing the Sense of a Region},
year = 1976,
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
publisher = {MIT Press},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Lyn80,
author = {Kevin Lynch},
title = {City Design},
journal = {Urban Design International},
year = 1980,
volume = 1,
number = 2,
pages = {48},
keywords = {urban design}
}
@BOOK{Lyn81,
author = {Kevin Lynch},
title = {Good city form},
year = 1981,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {urban form, urban design, urban planning},
priority = 5,
quality = 4,
annote = {
A classic, apparently. As summarized by TalEll02, his main criteria
for good form are 1) vitality: the support of biological requirements;
2) sense: mental perception and differentiation of a settlement; 3)
fit: the match between pattern and behaviour; 4) access: being able
to reach resources; 5) control of the use of the settlement; and
``meta-criteria'' of efficiency (cost) and justice (equity).
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Lyn91,
author = {Kevin Lynch},
title = {The pattern of the metropolis},
year = 1991,
editor = {Tridib Banarjee and Michael Southworth},
booktitle = {City sense and city design: Writings and projects of
{K}evin {L}ynch},
pages = {47--64},
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {urban form, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{LyoKenMoydos03,
author = {T.J.~Lyons and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and C.~Moy and
F.~{dos~Santos}},
title = {An International Air Pollution Model for the Transportation
Sector},
year = 2003,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 8,
pages = {159--167},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{McA83,
author = {Ann Mc{A}fee},
title = {The Renewed Inner City: Is One Out of Three Sufficient?},
year = 1983,
month = JAN,
booktitle = {New Neighbourhood International Forum},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {equity, canada}
}
@INCOLLECTION{McA90,
author = {Ann Mc{A}fee},
title = {Four Decades of Geographical Impact by {C}anadian Social
Housing Policies},
year = 1990,
booktitle = {Studies in {C}anadian Regional Geography: Essay in Honour
of {J.~L}ewis {R}obinson},
editor = {B.M.~Barr},
series = {BC Geographical Series},
number = 37,
pages = {92--108},
publisher = {Tantalus Research},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
keywords = {equity, canada}
}
@BOOK{McC92,
author = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
title = {The Bicycle and City Traffic: Principles and Practice},
year = 1992,
publisher = {Belhaven Press},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{McC96,
author = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
title = {Cycle facilities and cyclists' safety: experience from
{G}reater {N}ottingham and lessons for future cycling provision},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 3,
number = {1/2},
month = JAN,
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{McC00,
author = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
title = {When in the {UK}, Cycle Like the {D}utch?},
year = 2000,
journal = {Town and Country Planning},
volume = 69,
number = 12,
month = DEC,
pages = {356--357},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{McC01,
author = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
title = {Practioners' take-up of professional guidance and research
findings: Planning for cycling and walking in the {UK}},
year = 2001,
journal = {Planning Practice and Research},
volume = 16,
number = 2,
month = MAY,
pages = {193--203},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning}
}
@BOOK{McC02,
editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
title = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for
Urban Planners},
year = 2002,
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html }
}
@ARTICLE{McCCle93,
author = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock and Jo Cleary},
title = {English urban cycle route network experiments: the experience
of the {G}reater {N}ottingham network},
year = 1993,
journal = {Town Planning Review},
volume = 64,
number = 2,
pages = {159--192},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{McCCle96,
author = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock and Jo Cleary},
title = {Cycle Facilities and cyclists' safety},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 3,
number = 1,
pages = {67--77},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{McCMor03,
author = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock and Dave Morris},
title = {Bikes and trams: integrating the benefits},
year = 2003,
journal = {Town and Country Planning},
volume = 72,
number = 10,
month = NOV,
pages = {308--309},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transit}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{McCPhi00,
author = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock and Phil Philippou},
title = {Improving professional training for bicycle planning in the
{UK}},
year = 2000,
month = JUN,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo Mondial Conference},
address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.velomondial.net/velomondiall2000/PDF/CLINTOCK.PDF}
}
@ARTICLE{McCSha96,
author = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock and V.~Shacklock},
title = {Alternative transport plans: encouraging the role of employers
in changing staff commuter travel modes},
year = 1996,
month = OCT,
journal = {Town Planning Review},
volume = 67,
number = 4,
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{McC92b,
author = {Jim Mc{C}luskey},
title = {Road Form and Townscape},
year = 1992,
edition = {2nd},
publisher = {Butterworth Architecture},
address = {Oxford, UK},
keywords = {streets, urban design, urban form, street design}
}
@INCOLLECTION{McF73,
author = {Daniel Mc{F}adden},
title = {Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behavior},
booktitle = {Frontiers in Econometrics},
editor = {P.~Zarembka},
year = 1973,
publisher = {Academic Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@ARTICLE{McF78,
author = {Daniel Mc{F}adden},
title = {Modeling the Choice of Residential Location},
year = 1978,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 673,
pages = {72--77},
keywords = {location choice, urban planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{McF81,
author = {Daniel Mc{F}adden},
title = {Structural discrete probability models derived from theories
of choice},
booktitle = {Structural Analysis of Discrete Data and Econometric
Applications},
editor = {Charles~Manski and Daniel~Mc{F}adden},
pages = {198--272},
year = 1981,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@INCOLLECTION{McF84,
author = {Daniel Mc{F}adden},
title = {Econometric analysis of qualitative response models},
booktitle = {Handbook of Econometrics},
editor = {Z.~Griliches and M.~Inrilligator},
pages = {1395--1457},
year = 1984,
publisher = {North Holland},
address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@TECHREPORT{McGNewKen91,
author = {G.~Mc{G}lynn and Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Towards better cities: Reurbanisation and transportation
energy scenarios},
year = 1991,
institution = {Australian Commision for the Future},
month = OCT,
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, energy, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@BOOK{McH69,
author = {Ian Mc{H}arg},
title = {Design with nature},
year = 1969,
publisher = {Natural History Press},
address = {Garden City, NY, USA},
keywords = {ecology, urban planning}
}
@BOOK{Mac81,
author = {A.C.~Mac{I}ntyre},
title = {After virtue: a study in moral theory},
year = 1981,
publisher = {Duckworth},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {philosophy}
}
@BOOK{MacDowChe92,
author = {J.J.~Mac{K}enzie and R.C.~Dower and D.T.~Chen},
title = {The Going Rate: What it Really Costs to Drive},
year = 1992,
publisher = {World Resources Institute},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Mac74,
author = {J.~Mac{K}innon},
title = {Urban general equilibrium models and simplicial search
algorithms},
year = 1974,
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
volume = 1,
pages = {161--183},
keywords = {urban economics, spatial modelling},
annote = {early 2D Model of city}
}
@ARTICLE{MacLav03,
author = {Heather L.~Mac{L}ean and L.B.~Lave},
title = {Evaluating automobile fuel/propulsion system technologies},
journal = {Progress in Energy and Combustion Science},
volume = 29,
pages = {1--69},
year = 2003,
keywords = {energy, lifecycle analysis, alternative fuels}
}
@ARTICLE{McNKul97,
author = {M.G.~Mc{N}ally and A.~Kulkarni},
title = {Assessment of influence of land use transportation system on
travel behavior},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1607,
pages = {105--115},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{McNRya93,
author = {M.G.~Mc{N}ally and S.~Ryan},
title = {A comparative assessment of travel characteristics for
neotraditional developments},
year = 1993,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1400,
pages = {67--77},
keywords = {urban form, land use transport link}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{McNHel02,
author = {Ryan Mc{N}ally and Bruce Hellinga},
title = {Estimating the Impact of Demographics and Automotive
Technologies on Greenhouse Gas Emissions},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2002 Annual Conference of the
{C}anadian {I}nstitution of {T}ransportation {E}ngineers},
year = 2002,
month = MAY,
address = {Ottawa, ON, Canada},
keywords = {transport planning, canada, greenhouse gases},
url = {http://gorge.uwaterloo.ca/bhelling/Publications Page/Publications/ITE 2002 GHG Emissions 2.pdf}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{McNHel02b,
author = {Ryan Mc{N}ally and Bruce Hellinga},
title = {The {K}yoto {GHG} Emissions Targets: What Can We Expect from
the Road Transportation Sector},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2002 Annual Conference of the
{T}ransportation {A}ssociation of {C}anada},
year = 2002,
keywords = {transport planning, canada, greenhouse gases},
url = {http://gorge.uwaterloo.ca/bhelling/Publications Page/Publications/TAC 2002 GHG Emissions.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Mad01,
author = {H.~Maddox},
title = {Another look at {G}ermany's bicycle boom: implications for
local transportation policy and planning strategy in the {USA}},
year = 2001,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 7,
number = 3,
pages = {44--48},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp07.3.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Mal93,
author = {W.~Mallett},
title = {Managing the post-industrial city: {B}usiness {I}mprovement
{D}istricts in the {U}nited {S}tates},
year = 1993,
journal = {Area},
volume = 26,
number = 3,
pages = {276--287},
keywords = {urban politics}
}
@ARTICLE{Mal93b,
author = {W.~Mallett},
title = {Private government formation in the {D.C.} metropolitan area},
year = 1993,
journal = {Growth and Change},
volume = 24,
pages = {385--415},
keywords = {urban politics}
}
@ARTICLE{ManSho05,
author = {Michael Manville and Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {People, Parking and Cities},
year = 2005,
month = DEC,
journal = {Journal of Urban Planning and Development},
volume = 131,
number = 4,
pages = {233--245},
url = {http://shoup.bol.ucla.edu/People,Parking,CitiesJUPD.pdf},
keywords = {transport planning, parking}
}
@PHDTHESIS{Mao05,
author = {Hannah F.~Maoh},
title = {Modeling Firm Demography in Urban Areas with an Application
to {H}amilton, {O}ntario: Toward an Agent-Based Microsimulation
Model},
year = 2005,
school = {McMaster University},
address = {Hamilton, ON, Canada},
keywords = {demography of firms, location choice}
}
@ARTICLE{Mar97b,
author = {M.A.~Marshall},
title = {{ISTEA} Five Years Later: where do we go from here?},
year = 1997,
month = JUL,
journal = {Land Use Law \& Zoning Digest},
volume = 49,
number = 7,
pages = {3--9},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Mar01b,
author = {Stephen Marshall},
title = {Public transport orientated urban design},
year = 2001,
editor = {E.~Feitelson and E.~Verhoef},
booktitle = {Transport and Environment: in Search of Sustainable
Solutions},
publisher = {Edward Elgar},
address = {Cheltenham, UK},
keywords = {urban design, streets, street design, urban form}
}
@TECHREPORT{Mar02,
author = {Stephen Marshall},
title = {A First Theoretical Approach to Classification of Arterial
Streets},
year = 2002,
institution = {University of Westminster},
type = {ARTISTS Deliverable},
number = {D1.1},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {streets, urban planning, transport planning, street design}
}
@TECHREPORT{Mar02b,
author = {Stephen Marshall},
title = {Methodological Framework for Compatibility Analysis},
year = 2002,
institution = {Bartlett School of Planning, University College London},
type = {TRANSPLUS Deliverable},
number = {D4.2},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {streets, street design}
}
@ARTICLE{Mar03,
author = {Stephen Marshall},
title = {Transport and the urban pattern},
year = 2003,
journal = {Town and Country Planning},
volume = 73,
number = 2,
pages = {106--108},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Mar03b,
author = {Stephen Marshall},
title = {Traffic in Towns revisited},
year = 2003,
month = NOV,
journal = {Town and Country Planning},
volume = 72,
number = 10,
pages = {310--312},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets, street design}
}
@ARTICLE{Mar05b,
author = {Stephen Marshall},
title = {Joined-up urbanism},
year = 2005,
month = DEC,
journal = {Town and Country Planning},
volume = 74,
number = 12,
pages = {367--371},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@BOOK{Mar07b,
author = {Stephen Marshall},
title = {Cities, Design, and Evolution},
year = 2007,
publisher = {Routledge},
keywords = {urban planning, urban design}
}
@BOOK{Mar08,
author = {Stephen Marshall},
title = {Urban Coding: Learning from Design and Planning Traditions},
year = 2008,
publisher = {Routledge},
keywords = {urban planning, urban design}
}
@BOOK{MarBan07,
editor = {Stephen Marshall and David Banister},
title = {Land Use and Transport: {E}uropean Research Towards Integrated
Policies},
year = 2007,
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{Mar97c,
author = {Timothy Marshall},
title = {Futures, foresight and forward looks},
year = 1997,
journal = {Town Planning Review},
volume = 68,
number = 1,
pages = {31--50},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{MarGar06,
author = {Wesley E.~Marshall and Norman W.~Garrick},
title = {Parking at Mixed-Use Centers in Small Cities},
year = 2006,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1977,
pages = {164--171},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Mar04,
author = {Karel Martens},
title = {The bicycle as a feedering mode: experiences from three
{E}uropean countries},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 9,
number = 4,
pages = {281--294},
abstract = {
Bike-and-ride, or the combined use of bicycle and public transport
for one trip, is a multimodal alternative for the car. This
paper discusses the use of bike-and-ride in three countries
with widely differing bicycle cultures and
infrastructures: the Netherlands, Germany and the UK.
The share of the bicycle in access trips is comparable
to general levels of bicycle ridership in each country,
but only for train services and other fast modes of
public transport. Strong similarities are found
in the characteristics of bike-and-ride trips
and users, in terms of travel distances, travel
motives, and the impact of car availability. The
majority of bike-and-ride users travels between
2 and 5 km to a public transport stop, with
longer access distances reported for faster
modes of public transport. Work and education
are the main travel motives, with the first
dominating the faster modes and the second the
slower modes of public transport. Car
availability hardly influences the choice for a
combined use of bicycle and train, but strongly
affects the levels of bike-and-ride for slower
modes of transport.
},
keywords = {bicycle planning, intermodal}
}
@ARTICLE{Mar07,
author = {Karel Martens},
title = {Promoting bike-and-ride: the {D}utch experience},
year = 2007,
month = MAY,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 41,
number = 4,
pages = {326--338},
keywords = { bicycle planning, transit, intermodal },
abstract = {
The number of policy initiatives to promote the use of
bike-and-ride, or the combined use of bicycle and public transport
for one trip, has grown considerably over the past decade as part
of the search for more sustainable transport solutions. This paper
discusses the experiences with, and impacts of, such initiatives in
the Netherlands. The Dutch measures to promote bicycle use in
access trips have been generally successful. A country-wide program
to upgrade regular and secure bicycle parking at train stations has
led to an increase in user satisfaction and a growth in bicycles
parked at stations. Smaller programs to stimulate the combined use
of bike-and-bus have resulted in an increase in bicycle use, bus
use, and share of infrequent bus passengers. Bicycle lockers at bus
stops are hardly used by bus passengers, due in part to the
dominance of students among bus users as well as the relatively
high price of lockers in comparison to the value of bicycles used
for access trips. Measures to promote the use of the bicycle in
egress trips have met with more varying results. Projects to
introduce leasing bicycles for egress trips have failed to attract
passengers, for both train and bus services. In contrast, the
introduction of flexible rental bicycles at train stations has
resulted in a small reduction in car use, growth in train trips,
and growth in bicycle use for non-recurrent trips. The Dutch
experiences suggest some lessons for promoting bike-and-ride in
countries and cities with a less well-developed bicycle
infrastructure.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Mar92b,
author = {Scott Martin},
title = {The world's best cities for cycling},
year = 1992,
journal = {Bicycling Magazine},
month = MAY,
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Mar92,
author = {Francisco J.~Martinez},
title = {The Bid-Choice Land-Use Model: An Integrated Economic
Framework},
year = 1992,
journal = {Environment and Planning A},
volume = 24,
pages = {871--875},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@TECHREPORT{Mar97,
author = {Francisco J.~Martinez},
title = {{MUSSA}: a land use model for {S}antiago {C}ity},
institution = {Department of Civil Engineering, University of Chile},
address = {Santiago, Chile},
year = 1997,
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Mar01,
author = {Francisco J.~Martinez},
title = {Towards a microeconomic framework for travel behavior and land
use interactions},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth Meeting of the International
Association of Travel Behaviour Research},
address = {Austin, TX, USA},
year = 2001,
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@BOOK{MasDen93,
author = {D.~Massey and N.~Denton},
title = {American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the
Underclass},
year = 1993,
publisher = {Harvard University Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {sociology, equity, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Mat90,
author = {D.~Mathew},
title = {New way ahead for {O}xford: a balanced transport policy},
year = 1990,
journal = {Surveyor},
volume = 175,
number = 5126,
pages = {16--17},
month = OCT,
keywords = {bicycle planning, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Mat92,
author = {M.R.~Matthew},
title = {Office buildings in office parks and suburban downtowns},
year = 1992,
journal = {Canadian Journal of Urban Research},
volume = 1,
pages = {39--57},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Mat93,
author = {M.R.~Matthew},
title = {The suburbanization of {T}oronto offices},
year = 1993,
journal = {The Canadian Geographer},
volume = 37,
pages = {293--306},
keywords = {urban planning, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{MatMor01,
author = {C.T.~Matwie and J.F.~Morrall},
title = {Guidelines for a safety audit of bikeway systems},
year = 2001,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 7,
number = 3,
pages = {28--37},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp07.3.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{MatWadBla04,
author = {Shishir Mathur and Paul Waddell and Hilda Blanco},
title = {The Effect of Impact Fees on the Price of New Single-Family
Housing},
year = 2004,
month = JUN,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 41,
number = 7,
pages = {1303--1312},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@BOOK{Mee00,
author = {Paul Mees},
title = {A very public solution: transport in the dispersed city},
year = 2000,
publisher = {Melbourne University Press},
address = {Melbourne, Australia},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, canada},
annote = { Comparison of Melbourne and Toronto transit performance.
Discusses the failure of privatization of bus services due to loss
seamless connections, etc. }
}
@ARTICLE{MehWacShoPla87,
author = {M.~Mehranian and Martin Wachs and Donald C.~Shoup and
R.~Platkin},
title = {Parking Costs and Mode Choices among Downtown workers: a case
study},
year = 1987,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1130,
keywords = {parking}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Mer91b,
author = {J.~Mercer},
title = {The {C}anadian city in a continental context},
year = 1991,
editor = {Trudi Bunting and Pierre Filion},
booktitle = {Canadian Cities in Transition},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
edition = {1st},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {canada}
}
@ARTICLE{Mer91,
author = {J.~Merz},
title = {Microsimulation---a survey of principles, developments and
applications},
year = 1991,
journal = {International Journal of Forecasting},
volume = 7,
pages = {77--104},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@TECHREPORT{Mey05,
author = {Aubrey Meyer},
title = {Contraction and Convergence: The Global Solution to Climate
Change},
year = 2005,
type = {Schumacher Briefing},
number = 5,
institution = {Green Books},
address = {Totnes, Devon, UK},
keywords = {greenhouse gases, energy}
}
@BOOK{MeyKaiWoh65,
author = {John R.~Meyer and John Kain and Martin Wohl},
title = {The urban transportation problem},
year = 1965,
publisher = {Harvard University Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@BOOK{MeyGom81,
author = {John R.~Meyer and Jose A.~Gomez-Iba{\~n}ez},
title = {Autos, Transit and Cities},
year = 1981,
publisher = {Harvard University Press},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Mey93,
author = {Michael D.~Meyer},
title = {Jumpstarting the move toward multimodal planning},
year = 1993,
month = APR,
journal = {Transportation Research Circular},
volume = 406,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
publisher = {National Academy Press},
keywords = {transport planning, intermodal }
}
@TECHREPORT{Mey98,
author = {Michael D.~Meyer},
title = {A toolbox for alleviating congestion and enhancing mobility},
year = 1998,
institution = {Institute of Transportation Engineers},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{MeyMcS83,
author = {Michael D.~Meyer and M.~Mc{S}hane},
title = {Parking policy and downtown economic development},
year = 1983,
journal = {Journal of Urban Planning and Development},
volume = 109,
pages = {27--43},
keywords = {parking, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{MHPPE91,
author = {{Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment}},
title = {Fourth Report ({EXTRA}) on Physical Planning in the
{N}etherlands: Comprehensive Summary: On the Road to 2015},
year = 1991,
address = {The Hague, The Netherlands},
institution = {{Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and the
Environment, Department for Information and International Relations}},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@BOOK{Mid67,
author = {W.~Middleton},
title = {The Time of the Trolley},
year = 1967,
publisher = {Kalmbach Publishing},
address = {Milwaukee, WI, USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, history}
}
@TECHREPORT{Mid93,
author = {P.~Midgeley},
title = {Urban Transport in {A}sia: An Operational Agenda for the
1990s},
year = 1993,
type = {World Bank Technical Paper},
number = 224,
series = {Technical Department Series},
institution = {The World Bank},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{MieMil93,
author = {Peter Mieszkowski and E.~Mills},
title = {The Causes of Metropolitan Suburbanization},
year = 1993,
journal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
volume = 7,
number = 3,
pages = {135--147},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{MilStrBia96,
author = {Gerard C.S.~Mildner and James G.~Strathman and Martha J.~Bianco},
title = {Travel and Parking Behavior in the {U}nited {S}tates},
year = 1996,
month = DEC,
type = {Discussion Paper},
number = {DP96-7},
institution = {Center for Urban Studies, Portland State University},
abstract = {
This paper looks at the connection between the regulation of
parking by cities, transit service levels, and travel and parking
behavior in the United States. Travel behavior information comes
from the 1990 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) and
the Federal Urban Mass Transportation Administration's 1990 Section
15 Report. Data on the current state of parking programs in place
in central business districts of the U.S. is identifed through
telephone interviews of local officials responsible for parking
policies from the twenty cities identified in the NPTS. The travel
behavior analyses and the data from the parking officials
interviews were combined with data from the Federal Highway
Administration's Journey-to-Work data to group cities according to
their parking policies, transit service, and ridership levels on a
continuum of ``Transit- Accommodating Cities'' and ``Auto-Accommodating
Cities''. A key finding is that cities with interventionist parking
policies, high parking prices and limited supply, frequent transit
service, and a high probability that travelers will pay to park are
the most likely to have high transit ridership figures.
},
url = {http://www.upa.pdx.edu/CUS/publications/docs/DP96-7.pdf},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{MilStrBia97,
author = {Gerard C.S.~Mildner and James G.~Strathman and Martha
J.~Bianco},
title = {Parking Policies and Commuting Behavior},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 51,
number = 1,
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Mil02c,
author = {A.~Millard-Ball},
title = {Putting on their parking caps},
year = 2002,
month = APR,
journal = {Planning},
pages = {16--21},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Mil93,
author = {Eric J.~Miller},
title = {{C}entral {A}rea Mode Choice and Parking Demand},
year = 1993,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1413,
pages = {60--69},
keywords = {parking, canada, transportation demand management}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Mil96,
author = {Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Microsimulation and Activity-Based Forecasting},
booktitle = {Summary, Recommendations and Compendium of Papers, Travel
Mode Improvement Program Activity-Based Travel Forecasting Conference},
year = 1996,
month = JUN,
publisher = {US Department of Transportation},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
pages = {151--172},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@TECHREPORT{Mil97,
author = {Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Microsimulation and Activity-Based Forecasting},
year = 1997,
number = {DOT-T-97-17},
institution = {Texas Transportation Institute},
address = {College Station, TX, USA},
abstract = {
This paper provides an overview of the state of the art of
microsimulation modeling applied to activity-based travel
forecasting. The paper defines what is meant by
microsimulation and discusses why microsimulation might be a
preferred approach to activity-based forecasting in many
applications. The issue of synthesizing and updating
characteristics of the population being simulated is addressed
in some detail. Examples of various types of microsimulation
models which have been developed to date are provided,
including microsimulation models of auto ownership, residential
mobility, route choice and network performance, as well as
activity-based travel forecasting models per se. The paper
concludes with a discussion of research development issues
associated with the continuing development of operational
microsimulation models. These include: further evaluation of
population synthesizing and updating methods; determination of
appropriate levels of model disaggregation; establishing
appropriate linkages between model components; examination of
the statistical properties of microsimulation models; and
demonstration of the computational feasibility of these very
computer-intensive modeling systems.
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Mil03b,
author = {Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Land Use - Transportation Modelling},
year = 2003,
booktitle = {Transportation System Planning Methods and Applications},
editor = {K.G.~Goulias},
chapter = 5,
pages = {5-1--5-24},
publisher = {CRC Press},
address = {Boca Raton, FL, USA},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport modelling}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Mil03c,
author = {Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Microsimulation},
year = 2003,
booktitle = {Transportation System Planning Methods and Applications},
editor = {K.G.~Goulias},
chapter = 12,
pages = {12-1--12-22},
publisher = {CRC Press},
address = {Boca Raton, FL, USA},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Mil04,
author = {Eric J.~Miller},
title = {The Trouble with Intercity Travel Demand Models},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1895,
pages = {94--101},
keywords = {transport modelling, intercity transport}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Mil04b,
author = {Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Integrated Land-Use/Transport Model Requirements},
year = 2004,
editor = {D.A.~Hensher and K.J.~Button and K.E.~Haynes and
P.R.~Stopher},
booktitle = {Handbook of Transport Geography and Spatial Systems},
series = {Handbooks in Transport},
volume = 5,
publisher = {Elsevier Science},
address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
pages = {147--166},
keywords = {transport modelling, land use transport link}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Mil05,
author = {Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Propositions for Modelling Household Decision-Making},
year = 2005,
booktitle = {Integrated Land-Use and Transportation Models: Behavioural
Foundations},
editor = {Martin Lee-Gosselin and Sean T.~Doherty},
address = {Oxford, UK},
publisher = {Elsevier},
pages = {21--60},
keywords = {travel behaviour, transport modelling, ilute}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Mil05b,
author = {Eric J.~Miller},
title = {An Integrated Framework for Modelling Short- and Long-Run
Household Decision-Making},
year = 2005,
booktitle = {Progress in Activity-Based Analysis},
editor = {Harry J.P.~Timmermans},
address = {Oxford, UK},
publisher = {Elsevier},
pages = {175--202},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Mil05c,
author = {Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Project-Based Activity Scheduling for Household and Person
Agents},
year = 2005,
editor = {H.S.~Mahmassani},
booktitle = {Transportation and Traffic Theory, Flow, Dynamics and
Human Interaction: Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium
on Transportation and Traffic Theory},
address = {Oxford, UK},
publisher = {Elsevier},
pages = {565--584},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour}
}
@TECHREPORT{MilCheFan92,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and L.S.~Cheah and K.S.~Fan},
title = {Development of an operational peak-period mode split model for
{M}etropolitan {T}oronto},
volume = {III: Short-Run Improvements},
year = 1992,
month = MAR,
institution = {Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {canada, transport modelling}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{MilHar00,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Antoine Haroun},
title = {A Microsimulation Model of Residential Housing Markets},
year = 2000,
month = JUL,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Association of Travel
Behaviour Research Conference},
address = {Gold Coast, Australia},
keywords = {ilute, transport modelling, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{MilHas93,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and M.I.~Hassounah},
title = {Quantitative Analysis of Urban Transportation Energy Use and
Emissions: Phase {I} Final Report},
year = 1993,
institution = {University of Toronto Joint Program in Transportation},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {transport planning, energy, greenhouse gases}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{MilHun02,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and John Douglas Hunt},
title = {{I}ntegrated {L}and {U}se, {T}ransportation and {E}nvironment
({ILUTE}) Modeling in {C}anada},
year = 2002,
month = JUL,
booktitle = {Presented at the {T}hird {O}regon {S}ymposium on Integrated
Land Use and Transport Models},
address = {Portland, OR, USA},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, land use transport link},
url = { http://www.odot.state.or.us/tddtpau/symposium.html#3rdPresentations }
}
@ARTICLE{MilIbr98,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and A.~Ibrahim},
title = {Urban form and vehicular travel: some empirical findings},
year = 1998,
month = JAN,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1617,
pages = {18--27},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, canada, urban form, land use transport link},
abstract = {
Some empirical findings are presented on the relationship between
urban form and work trip commuting efficiency, drawn from the
analysis of 1986 work trip commuting patterns in the greater
Toronto area. Work trip commuting efficiency is measured with
respect to the average number of vehicle kilometers traveled
(VKT) per worker in a given zone. Preliminary findings include
VKT per worker increases as one moves away from both the
central core of the city and from other high-density employment
centers within the region; job-housing balance, per se, shows
little impact on commuting VKT; and population density, in and
of itself, does not explain variations on commuting VKT once
other urban structure variables have been accounted for.
}
}
@ARTICLE{MilKriHun99,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and David S.~Kriger and John Douglas Hunt},
title = {A research and development program for integrated urban
models},
year = 1999,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1685,
pages = {169--176},
abstract = {
The case is presented for a new, coordinated research and
development (R\&D) program designed to improve significantly
the operational state of practice in integrated urban modeling.
First, the authors' view of an ``ideal'' integrated urban
modeling system is described. If developed, this modeling
system should be capable of incorporating the best possible
understanding of transportation and land use interactions and
of addressing planning and analysis needs. Also discussed
briefly are current operational modeling capabilities as
related to the proposed ideal model. Finally, a multiyear R\&D
program that was designed to move current practice
significantly toward the operationalization of the ideal model
is detailed.
},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, land use transport link, transit}
}
@TECHREPORT{MilLitRoo02,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Todd Litman and Matthew J.~Roorda},
title = {Study of the Environmental Benefits of an {I}ntegrated
{M}obility {S}ystem ({IMS}) in the {G}reater {T}oronto {A}rea},
year = 2002,
month = NOV,
institution = {Joint Program in Transportation},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {transport planning, transit, canada}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{MilNoeRos87,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Peter J.~Noehammer and David R.~Ross},
title = {A microsimulation model of residential mobility},
year = 1987,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Symposium on Transport,
Communication and Urban Form: 2 Analytical Techniques and Case
Studies},
editor = {W.~Young},
address = {Clayton, Australia},
institution = {Monash University},
pages = {217--234},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute}
}
@ARTICLE{MilOKe83,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Morton O'Kelly},
title = {Estimating Shopping Destination Choice Models from Travel
Diary Data},
year = 1983,
journal = {Professional Geographer},
volume = 35,
number = 4,
pages = {440--449},
keywords = {transport modelling, shopping, destination choice}
}
@ARTICLE{MilRoo03,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Matthew J.~Roorda},
title = {A Prototype Model of 24-Hour Household Activity Scheduling for
the {T}oronto {A}rea},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
year = 2003,
volume = 1831,
pages = {114--121},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, canada, travel behaviour}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{MilRoo03b,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Matthew J.~Roorda},
title = {A Prototype Model of Household Activity/Travel Scheduling},
year = 2003,
month = JAN,
booktitle = {Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour},
url = {http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/TRB_82/TRB2003-001272.pdf}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{MilRooCar03,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Matthew J.~Roorda and Juan A.~Carrasco},
title = {A Tour-Based Model of Travel Mode Choice},
year = 2003,
month = AUG,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Travel
Behavior Research},
address = {Lucerne, Switzerland},
url = {http://www.ivt.baum.ethz.ch/allgemein/pdf/millere.pdf},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour},
annote = {
Interesting and useful.
I find one assumption dubious: the decision to use a car for one part of
a chain requires its use for the rest of the chain. In a city like
Toronto where downtown parking is very inconvenient, I might drive
downtown, park, and then do a long chain of trips on foot before
returning to the car.
}
}
@ARTICLE{MilRooCar05,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Matthew J.~Roorda and Juan A.~Carrasco},
title = {A Tour-Based Model of Travel Mode Choice},
year = 2005,
month = JUL,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 32,
number = 4,
pages = {399--422},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour}
}
@ARTICLE{MilRooHaiMoh04,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Matthew J.~Roorda and Murtaza Haider and
Abolfazl Mohammadian},
title = {An Empirical Analysis of Travel and Housing Expenditures in
the {G}reater {T}oronto {A}rea},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1898,
pages = {191--201},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, canada, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{MilRooKenShaMac06,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Matthew J.~Roorda and Christopher
A.~Kennedy and Amer S.~Shalaby and Heather L.~Mac{L}ean},
title = {Activity-Based, Multi-Modal Modelling of Travel Behaviour for
Urban Design},
year = 2006,
month = MAY,
type = {Final project report to {T}ransport {C}anada},
institution = {Joint Program in Transportation, University of Toronto},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {ilute, transport modelling, travel behaviour}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{MilSal98,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Paul A.~Salvini},
title = {The {I}ntegrated {L}and {U}se, {T}ransportation, {E}nvironment
({ILUTE}) Modeling System: A Framework},
year = 1998,
month = JAN,
booktitle = {Presented at the 77th Annual Meeting of the
Transportation Research Board},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute}
}
@INCOLLECTION{MilSal01,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Paul A.~Salvini},
title = {The {I}ntegrated {L}and {U}se, {T}ransportation, {E}nvironment
({ILUTE}) Modeling System: Description \& Current Status},
year = 2001,
booktitle = {The Leading Edge in Travel Behaviour Research},
editor = {D.~Hensher},
address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
publisher = {Pergamon},
pages = {711--724},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute}
}
@TECHREPORT{MilSha00,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Amer Shalaby},
title = {Travel in the {G}reater {T}oronto {A}rea: Past and Current
Behaviour and Relation to Urban Form},
year = 2000,
institution = {Neptis Foundation},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {canada, transit, transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link}
}
@TECHREPORT{MilSteJea90,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and G.N.~Steuart and D.~Jea},
title = {Understanding Urban Travel Growth in the {G}reater {T}oronto
{A}rea},
volume = {III: Future Travel Trends and their Implications for
Transportation Policy in the Greater Toronto Area},
number = {TDS-90-07},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
institution = {Ministry of Transportation Ontario, Research and
Development Branch},
year = 1990,
month = NOV,
keywords = {canada, transit, transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link, urban form}
}
@TECHREPORT{MilSteJeaHon90,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and G.N.~Steuart and D.~Jea and J.~Hong},
title = {Understanding Urban Travel Growth in the {G}reater {T}oronto
{A}rea},
volume = {II: Trip Generation Relationships in the Greater Toronto Area},
number = {TDS-90-06},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
institution = {Ministry of Transportation Ontario, Research and
Development Branch},
year = 1990,
month = NOV,
keywords = {canada, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{MilEve82,
author = {G.~Miller and C.~Everett},
title = {Raising Commuter Parking Prices: An Empirical Study},
year = 1982,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 11,
pages = {105--129},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Mil67,
author = {Edwin S.~Mills},
title = {An aggregative model of resource allocation in a metropolitan
area},
year = 1967,
journal = {American Economic Review},
volume = 57,
pages = {197--210},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@ARTICLE{Mil72,
author = {Edwin S.~Mills},
title = {Markets and efficient resource allocation in urban areas},
year = 1972,
journal = {Swedish Journal of Economics},
volume = 74,
pages = {100--113},
keywords = {urban economics, transport modelling},
annote = {early 2D model of city}
}
@UNPUBLISHED{Mir03,
author = {J.~Miron},
title = {Urban Sprawl in {C}anada and {A}merica: Just How Dissimilar?},
year = 2003,
institution = {University of Toronto, Department of Geography},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {urban form, canada}
}
@BOOK{MitRap54,
author = {R.~Mitchell and C.~Rapkin},
title = {Urban Traffic: A Function of Land Use},
year = 1954,
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
publisher = {Columbia University Press},
keywords = {urban form, urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{MoeSchSpiWeg03,
author = {Rolf Moeckel and Carsten Sch{\"u}rmann and K.~Spiekermann and
Michael Wegener},
title = {Microsimulation of Land Use},
year = 2003,
journal = {International Journal of Urban Sciences},
volume = 7,
number = 1,
pages = {14--31},
keywords = {transport modelling, spatial modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Moe00,
author = {Richard C.~Moeur},
title = {Analysis of Gap Patterns in Longitudinal Rumble Strips to
Accommodate Bicycle Travel},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1705,
year = 2000,
pages = {93--98},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1705-015.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Mog85,
author = {M.J.H.~Mogridge},
title = {Transport, land use and energy interaction},
year = 1985,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 22,
number = 6,
pages = {481--492},
keywords = {land use transport link, energy}
}
@BOOK{Mog90,
author = {M.J.H.~Mogridge},
title = {Travel in towns: jam yesterday, jam today and jam tomorrow?},
year = 1990,
address = {London, UK},
publisher = {Macmillan Press},
keywords = {transport planning},
annote = {
I understand this is the source of ``induced demand.'' Downs (2004)
speaks highly of some of its analysis.
}
}
@ARTICLE{MogHolBirTer87,
author = {M.J.H.~Mogridge and D.J.~Holden and J.~Bird and G.C.~Terzis},
title = {The {D}owns/{T}homson Paradox and the Transportation Planning
Process},
year = 1987,
journal = {International Journal of Transport Economics},
volume = 14,
number = 3,
pages = {283--311},
keywords = {transport planning, land use transport link, induced travel}
}
@ARTICLE{Mog97,
author = {M.J.H.~Mogridge},
title = {The self-defeating nature of urban road capacity policy: A
review of theories, disputes and available evidence},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 4,
number = 1,
pages = {5--23},
keywords = {transport planning, land use transport link, induced travel}
}
@PHDTHESIS{Moh01,
author = {Abolfazl Mohammadian},
title = {Dynamic Modelling of Household Automobile Transactions within
a Microsimulation Framework},
year = 2001,
school = {University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{MohMil00,
author = {Abolfazl Mohammadian and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {A Comprehensive and Operational Modeling Framework for
Automobile Ownership in an Integrated Land-Use, Transportation and
Environment Modeling System},
year = 2000,
month = JUN,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd Transportation Specialty Conference
of CSCE},
address = {London, ON, Canada},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute}
}
@ARTICLE{MohMil02,
author = {Abolfazl Mohammadian and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Nested Logit Models and Artificial Neural Networks for
Predicting Household Automobile Choices},
year = 2002,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1807,
pages = {92--100},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour}
}
@ARTICLE{MohShaMil06,
author = {Abolfazl Mohammadian and Amer S.~Shalaby and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {An Empirical Analysis of Transit Network Evolution: Case Study
of the {M}ississauga, {O}ntario Bus Network},
year = 2006,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = {forthcoming},
keywords = {transit, canada, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Moh93,
author = {Herbert Mohring},
title = {Maximizing, Measuring, and Not Double Counting Transportation
Improvement Benefits: A Primer on Closed-Economy and Open-Economy
Cost-Benefit Analysis},
year = 1993,
journal = {Transportation Research B},
volume = 27,
number = 6,
pages = {413--424},
keywords = {finance, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Mok92,
author = {Patricia L.~Mokhtarian},
title = {Telecommuting and travel: State of the practice},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 18,
pages = {319--342},
keywords = {telecommuting, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Mon87,
author = {Rolf Monheim},
title = {Der {S}t{\"a}dtische {R}aum in {F}rankreich und in der
{B}undesrepublik {D}eutschland},
journal = {Studien zur internationalen {S}chulbuchforschung
{S}chriftenreihe des {G}eorg-{E}ckert {I}nstituts},
volume = 50,
pages = {287--305},
year = 1987,
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Mon97,
author = {Rolf Monheim},
title = {The evolution from pedestrian areas to `car-free' city centres
in {G}ermany},
editor = {Rodney Tolley},
booktitle = {The greening of urban transportation: planning for walking and
cycling in {W}estern cities},
year = 1997,
pages = {253--266},
publisher = {Wiley},
edition = {2nd},
address = {Chichester, UK},
keywords = {transport planning, pedestrian planning}
}
@ARTICLE{MonMon51,
author = {Donald Monson and Astrid Monson},
title = {A Program for Urban Dispersal},
year = 1951,
journal = {Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists},
volume = 7,
pages = {244--250},
keywords = {urban planning, history, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{Mon98,
author = {John Montgomery},
title = {Making a City: Urbanity, vitality and urban design},
year = 1998,
journal = {Journal of Urban Design},
volume = 3,
number = 1,
pages = {93--116},
keywords = {urban design}
}
@ARTICLE{Moo90,
author = {Henry Moon},
title = {Land use around suburban rail stations},
year = 1990,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 17,
number = 1,
pages = {67--88},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{MooNel94,
author = {Terry Moore and Arthur C.~Nelson},
title = {Lessons for effective urban-containment and resource-land
preservation policy},
year = 1994,
journal = {Journal of Urban Planning and Development},
volume = 12,
pages = {157--171},
keywords = {urban planning, smart growth, urban growth boundary}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{MorTho92,
author = {E.~Morgan-Thomas},
title = {Why don't you commute by bicycle?},
year = 1992,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Ausbike 92: Cyclist Behaviour and Planning},
volume = 92,
address = {Melbourne, Australia},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Mor97,
author = {William E.~Moritz},
title = {Survey of {N}orth {A}merican bicycle commuters: design and
aggregate results},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1578,
pages = {91--101},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1578-12.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Mor98,
author = {William E.~Moritz},
title = {Adult Bicyclists in the {U}nited {S}tates: Characteristics and
Riding Experience in 1996},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
year = 1998,
volume = 1636,
pages = {1--7},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1636-001.pdf}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{MorBol96,
author = {J.~Morrall and D.~Bolger},
title = {Cost Effectiveness through Innovation},
year = 1996,
month = OCT,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1996 Transportation Assocation of
Canada Annual Conference},
address = {Charlottetown, Canada},
abstract = {
This paper was presented at the 'Cost-Effective Traffic Operations
Through Innovation' session. The importance of parking policies
as complementary policies to an overall urban transportation
strategy has been acknowledged as a key component in
influencing both transit use and ridesharing. The main focus of
this article is the relationship between downtown long-stay
parking supply and transit use, and the implications of this
relationship for developing downtown parking policies. Based on
a survey of Canadian cities, it was determined that peak hour
transit modal split to downtown areas is inversely proportional
to the ratio of long-stay parking stalls per downtown employee.
The analysis indicated that this relationship is highly
statistically significant for Canadian and American cities. The
implication of the findings is that the main choice with
respect to establishing a long-stay parking policy is directly
linked to the modal split goal. Thus, policy makers should
first establish a desirable and achievable modal split goal and
then establish a long-stay parking strategy which would match
the supply of long-stay parking with the modal split goal.
},
keywords = {parking, transportation demand management, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{MorBol96b,
author = {J.~Morrall and D.~Bolger},
title = {The relationship between Downtown Parking Supply and Transit
Use},
year = 1996,
journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal},
volume = 66,
number = 2,
abstract = {
Parking policies can complement an overall urban transportation
strategy by influencing both transit use and ridesharing. This
article presents a study of the downtown parking supply and
transportation policies of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, in
relation to other Canadian cities. The focus of the study is
the relationship between downtown parking supply and transit
use. In a study survey, a strong relationship is found between
peak-period modal split to public transit and the supply of
downtown parking. Specifically, the proportion of downtown
commuters using public transportation is inversely proportional
to the ratio of parking stalls per downtown employee.
},
keywords = {parking, transportation demand management, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{Mor04,
author = {Hugh Morris},
title = {Commute Rates On Urban Trails: Indicators from the 2000
Census},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1878,
doi = {10.3141/1878-14},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb/trb2004/TRB2004-000695.pdf}
}
@BOOK{Mor78,
author = {Richard Morris},
title = {Bum Rap on {A}merica's Cities: The Real Causes of Urban
Decay},
publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
year = 1978,
address = {Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, sociology, equity}
}
@BOOK{Mou87,
author = {Anne V.~Moudon},
title = {Public Streets for Public Use},
year = 1987,
publisher = {Van Nonstrand Reinhold},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {streets}
}
@ARTICLE{Mou95,
author = {Anne V.~Moudon},
title = {Teaching urban form},
year = 1995,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 14,
number = 2,
pages = {123--133},
keywords = {urban form, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Mou97,
author = {Anne V.~Moudon},
title = {Urban morphology as an emerging interdisciplinary field},
year = 1997,
journal = {Urban Morphology},
volume = 1,
pages = {3--10},
keywords = {urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{Mou00,
author = {Anne V.~Moudon},
title = {Proof of goodness: A substantive basis for new urbanism?},
year = 2000,
journal = {Places},
volume = 13,
number = 2,
pages = {38--43},
keywords = {urban planning, new urbanism}
}
@ARTICLE{Mou02,
author = {Anne V.~Moudon},
title = {Thinking about micro and macro urban morphology},
year = 2002,
journal = {Urban Morphology},
volume = 6,
number = 1,
pages = {36--39},
keywords = {urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{MouHes99,
author = {Anne V.~Moudon and Paul M.~Hess},
title = {Suburban Clusters},
journal = {Wharton Real Estate Review},
year = 1999,
volume = 3,
number = 1,
pages = {46--55},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{MouHes00,
author = {Anne V.~Moudon and Paul M.~Hess},
title = {Suburban clusters: The nucleation of multifamily housing in
suburban areas of the {C}entral {P}uget {S}ound},
year = 2000,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Assocation},
volume = 66,
pages = {243--264},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{MouHesSnySta97,
author = {Anne V.~Moudon and Paul M.~Hess and Mary C.~Snyder and Kiril
Stanilov},
title = {Effects of Site Design on Pedestrian Travel in Mixed-Use
Medium-Density Environments},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1578,
pages = {48--55},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, urban design}
}
@ARTICLE{Moy60,
author = {Daniel P.~Moynihan},
title = {New Roads and Urban Chaos},
year = 1960,
month = APR,
journal = {The Reporter},
pages = {13--20},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{MT63,
author = {{Ministry of Transport}},
title = {Traffic in Towns: A Study of the Long Term Problems of Traffic
in Urban Areas ({B}uchanan report)},
year = 1963,
address = {London, UK},
institution = {Her Majesty's Stationery Office},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{MTPWWM97,
author = {{Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management}},
title = {Sustainable Road Safety Programme},
year = 1997,
address = {The Hague, The Netherlands},
institution = {{Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management}},
keywords = {transport planning, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Mul75,
author = {T.~Muller},
title = {Fiscal Impacts of Land Development},
year = 1975,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
institution = {The Urban Institute},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@BOOK{Mum1938,
author = {Lewis Mumford},
title = {The Culture of Cities},
year = 1938,
publisher = {Harcourt, Brace, and Company},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {sociology, urban planning, history}
}
@ARTICLE{Mum58,
author = {Lewis Mumford},
title = {The Highway and the City},
year = 1958,
month = APR,
journal = {Architectural Record},
volume = 123,
pages = {179--186},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{Mum62,
author = {Lewis Mumford},
title = {Mother {J}acobs' home remedies for urban cancer},
year = 1962,
month = {Dec 1},
journal = {New Yorker},
volume = 38,
number = 41,
pages = {148--179},
keywords = {history, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Mum63,
author = {Lewis Mumford},
title = {Not too late yet},
year = 1963,
month = {Dec 7},
journal = {New Yorker},
volume = 39,
number = 42,
pages = {148--157},
keywords = {history, urban planning}
}
@BOOK{Mum64,
author = {Lewis Mumford},
title = {The Highway in the City},
year = 1964,
publisher = {Secker and Warburg},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, history}
}
@ARTICLE{MurDeL98,
author = {J.~Murphy and Marc De{L}ucchi},
title = {A Review of the Literature on the Social Cost of Motor Vehicle
Use in the {U}nited {S}tates},
year = 1998,
journal = {Journal of Transportation and Statistics},
volume = 1,
number = 1,
pages = {16--42},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@BOOK{Mut69,
author = {R.F.~Muth},
title = {Cities and Housing: The Spatial Pattern of Urban Residential Land Use},
year = 1969,
publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@TECHREPORT{MVW07,
author = {{Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat}},
title = {Cycling in the {N}etherlands},
year = 2007,
institution = {{Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat}},
address = {The Hague, The Netherlands},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.fietsberaad.nl/library/repository/bestanden/Cycling\%20in\%20the\%20Netherlands\%20VenW.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Nae93,
author = {Peter Naess},
title = {Transportation energy in {S}wedish towns and regions},
year = 1993,
journal = {Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research},
volume = 10,
pages = {187--206},
keywords = { urban planning, transport planning }
}
@PHDTHESIS{Nae95,
author = {Peter Naess},
title = {Urban form and energy use for transport: a {N}ordic
experience},
year = 1995,
school = {Norwegian Institute of Technology},
keywords = { urban planning, transport planning }
}
@ARTICLE{Nan99,
author = {Max Nankervis},
title = {The Effect of Weather and Climate on Bicycle Commuting},
year = 1999,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 33,
number = 6,
pages = {417--431},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Nas03,
author = {Andrew Nash},
title = {Implementing {Z}urich's Transit Priority Program},
year = 2003,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1835,
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Nav94,
author = {F.~Navin},
title = {Bicycle traffic flow characteristics: experimental results
and comparisons},
journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal},
year = 1994,
volume = 64,
number = 3,
pages = {31--36},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transport modelling}
}
@TECHREPORT{NCC95,
author = {{Nottinghamshire County Council}},
title = {School Travel: Health and the Environment},
year = 1995,
address = {Nottingham, UK},
institution = {{Nottinghamshire County Council}},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{NCF98,
author = {{National Cycling Forum}},
title = {Cycling in urban areas: issues in retailing},
year = 1998,
institution = {Department of the Environment, Transport and the
Regions},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{NCF01,
author = {{National Cycling Forum}},
title = {Model Conditions of Carriage: Accommodating the Bicycle on Bus
and Coach},
year = 2001,
institution = {Department of the Environment, Transport and the
Regions},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning, rail}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Nef96,
author = {J.W.~Neff},
title = {Substitution rates between transit and automobile travel},
year = 1996,
month = APR,
booktitle = {Paper presented at the Association of American
Geographers' Annual Meeting},
address = {Charlotte, NC, USA},
keywords = {transit, transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Nel97,
author = {Amanda Nelson},
title = {Fear of parking},
year = 1997,
month = JAN,
journal = {Town and Country Planning},
volume = 66,
number = 1,
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Nel92,
author = {Arthur C.~Nelson},
title = {Preserving prime farmland in the face of urbanization:
lessons from {O}regon},
year = 1992,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 58,
number = 4,
pages = {467--488},
keywords = {smart growth, urban growth boundary}
}
@ARTICLE{Nel99,
author = {Arthur C.~Nelson},
title = {Comparing states with and without growth management
regulations based on indicators with policy implications},
year = 1999,
journal = {Land Use Policy},
volume = 16,
pages = {121--127},
keywords = {urban planning, smart growth}
}
@TECHREPORT{Nel06,
author = {Alyse Nelson},
title = {Livable {C}openhagen: The Design of a Bicycle City},
year = 2006,
institution = {Center for Public Space Research / University of Washington},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark / Seattle, WA, USA},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.sightline.org/research/sprawl/res_pubs/Livable_Copenhagen_reduced.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{NelAll97,
author = {Arthur C.~Nelson and David Allen},
title = {If You Build Them, Commuters Will Use Them: Cross-Sectional
Analysis of Commuters and Bicycle Facilities},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1578,
pages = {79--83},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1578-10.pdf}
}
@BOOK{NelDunMulBis95,
author = {Arthur C.~Nelson and J.~Duncan and C.~Mullen and K.~Bishop},
title = {Growth Management Principles and Practices},
year = 1995,
publisher = {American Planning Association},
address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
keywords = {smart growth, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{NelNyg02,
author = {{Nelson/Nygaard Consulting}},
title = {Housing Shortage / Parking Surplus},
year = 2002,
institution = {Transportation and Land Use Coalition},
address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
url = {http://www.transcoalition.org/reports/housing_s/housing_shortage_home.html},
keywords = {urban planning, equity, parking}
}
@TECHREPORT{NelNyg05,
author = {{Nelson/Nygaard Consulting}},
title = {Creating Low-Traffic Developments: Adjusting Site-Level
Vehicle Trip Generation Using {URBEMIS}},
year = 2005,
month = AUG,
institution = {Nelson/Nygaard Consulting},
address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
url = {http://www.nelsonnygaard.com/articles/urbemis.pdf},
keywords = {transport planning, transportation demand management}
}
@BOOK{Neu77,
author = {M.~Neutze},
title = {Urban development in {A}ustralia},
year = 1977,
publisher = {George Allen and Unwin},
address = {Sydney, Australia},
keywords = {history, urban planning}
}
@BOOK{Neu78,
author = {M.~Neutze},
title = {Australian urban policy},
year = 1977,
publisher = {George Allen and Unwin},
address = {Sydney, Australia},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{New74,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Environmental Impact Part {I} and Part {II}},
year = 1974,
journal = {Journal of Environmental Systems},
volume = 4,
number = 2,
pages = {97--108 and 109--117},
keywords = {}
}
@ARTICLE{New75,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {An ecological model for city structure and development},
year = 1975,
journal = {Ekistics},
volume = 40,
number = 239,
pages = {258--265},
keywords = {urban planning, ecology, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{New86,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Lessons from {L}iverpool},
year = 1986,
journal = {Planning and Administration I},
pages = {32--42},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{New88,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Australian Cities at the Crossroads},
year = 1988,
journal = {Current Affairs Bulletin},
volume = 65,
number = 7,
pages = {4--15},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{New90,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Sustainable Development},
year = 1990,
journal = {Environmental Education and Information},
volume = 8,
number = 4,
pages = {250--261},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{New91,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Social Organisation for ecological sustainability: towards a
more sustainable settlement pattern},
year = 1991,
editor = {P.~Cock},
type = {Fundamental Questions Paper},
number = 11,
institution = {Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian
National University},
address = {Canberra, Australia},
keywords = {urban planning, ecology, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{New93,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Sustainable development and urban planning},
year = 1993,
journal = {Sustainable Development},
volume = 1,
number = 1,
pages = {25--40},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{New94,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {The transport dilemma in developing nation cities},
year = 1994,
booktitle = {Social dimensions of development},
editor = {L.~Jayasuriya and M.~Lee},
publisher = {Paradigm Books},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{New94b,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {The end of the urban freeway},
year = 1994,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 1,
number = 1,
pages = {12--19},
keywords = {transport planning},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp01.1.pdf}
}
@INCOLLECTION{New96,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Transport},
year = 1996,
booktitle = {An urbanising world: Global report on human settlements},
editor = {UNCHS},
publisher = {UNCHS, Habitat and UNEP},
address = {Nairobi, Kenya},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{New96b,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Greening the city: The ecological and human dimensions of the
city can be part of town planning},
year = 1996,
journal = {Alternatives},
volume = 22,
number = 2,
pages = {10--17},
keywords = {ecology, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{New96c,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Reducing Automobile Dependence},
year = 1996,
journal = {Environment and Urbanization},
volume = 8,
number = 1,
pages = {67--92},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{New00,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Urban form and environmental performance},
year = 2000,
booktitle = {Achieving sustainable urban form},
editor = {Katie Williams and Elizabeth Burton and Mike Jenks},
pages = {46--53},
publisher = {E\&FN Spon},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{NewHog81,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and T.~Hogan},
title = {A review of urban density models: towards a resolution of the
conflict between populace and planner},
year = 1981,
journal = {Human Ecology},
volume = 9,
number = 3,
pages = {269--303},
keywords = {ecology, urban planning, urban form}
}
@TECHREPORT{NewHog87,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and T.~Hogan},
title = {Urban density and transport: a single model based on three
city types},
year = 1987,
type = {Transport Research Paper},
number = {1/87},
institution = {Environmental Science, Murdoch University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKen84,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {The use and abuse of driving cycle research: clarifying the
relationship between traffic congestion, energy and emissions},
year = 1984,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 38,
number = 4,
pages = {615--635},
keywords = {transport planning, energy}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKen88,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {The Transport Energy Trade-Off: Fuel-Efficient Traffic
versus Fuel-Efficient Cities},
year = 1988,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 22,
number = 3,
pages = {163--174},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, energy, urban form}
}
@BOOK{NewKen89,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Cities and Auto Dependency: A Sourcebook},
year = 1989,
publisher = {Gower Publishing Co.},
address = {Aldershot, UK},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link, energy}
}
@TECHREPORT{NewKen90,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Transport energy conservation policies for {A}ustralian
cities: strategies for reducing automobile dependence},
year = 1990,
institution = {Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch
University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, energy}
}
@TECHREPORT{NewKen91,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Towards a more sustainable {C}anberra: an assessment of
{C}anberra's transport, energy and land use},
year = 1991,
institution = {Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch
University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, energy, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKen92,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Is there a role for physical planners?},
year = 1992,
month = JUL,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
pages = {353--362},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKen92b,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Transit oriented urban villages: design solutions for the
90s},
year = 1992,
journal = {Urban Futures},
volume = 2,
number = 1,
pages = {50--56},
keywords = {urban planning, transit, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKen95,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {The potential for the application of policies to influence
urban car travel demand},
year = 1995,
journal = {Transportation Planning Systems},
volume = 3,
number = 1,
keywords = {transportation demand management}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKenLyo85,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and T.~Lyons},
title = {Transport energy use in the {P}erth {M}etropolitan {R}egion:
some urban policy implications},
year = 1985,
journal = {Urban Policy and Research},
volume = 3,
number = 2,
pages = {4--15},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, energy}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKenLyo88,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and T.~Lyons},
title = {Does free flowing traffic save energy and lower emissions in
cities?},
year = 1988,
journal = {Search},
volume = 19,
number = {5/6},
pages = {267--272},
keywords = {transport planning, energy}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKenLyo92,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and T.~Lyons},
title = {The ecology of urban driving---{II}: driving cycles across a
city, their validation and implications},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 26,
number = 3,
pages = {273--290},
keywords = {transport planning, ecology}
}
@TECHREPORT{NewKenRob92,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Les Robinson},
title = {Winning Back the Cities},
year = 1992,
institution = {Australian Consumers' Association},
address = {Marrickville, Australia},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{NewKenVin92,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and P.~Vintila},
title = {Housing transport and urban form},
year = 1992,
type = {National Housing Strategy, Background Paper},
number = 15,
institution = {Commonwealth of Australia},
address = {Canberra, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, ecology, urban form, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKenVin95,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and P.~Vintila},
title = {Can we overcome automobile dependence?: Physical planning in
an age of urban cynicism},
year = 1995,
journal = {Cities},
volume = 12,
number = 1,
pages = {53--65},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form}
}
@BOOK{NewEtc97,
author = {Peter W.G.~{Newman et al.}},
title = {Car-free Copenhagen: Perspectives and ideas for reducing
car-dependence in Copenhagen},
year = 1997,
publisher = {Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
keywords = {transport planning, urban form, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{NiLeoGuiWil04,
author = {Daiheng Ni and John D.~{Leonard II} and Angshuman Guin and
Billy M.~Williams},
title = {Systematic Approach for Validating Traffic Simulation Models},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1876,
pages = {20--31},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Nic95,
author = {J.~Nicolson},
title = {Parking in town centres: the key to sustainability},
year = 1995,
journal = {Highways and Transportation},
volume = 42,
number = 11,
pages = {16--18},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Nie96,
author = {D.A.~Niemeier},
title = {Longitudinal Analysis of Bicycle Count Variability: Results
and Modelling Implications},
year = 1996,
journal = {Journal of Transportation Engineering},
month = {May/June},
pages = {200--206},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transport modelling}
}
@INCOLLECTION{NijRie96,
author = {P.~Nijkamp and S.A.~Rienstra},
title = {Sustainable transport in a compact city},
booktitle = {The Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Form?},
editor = {Mike Jenks and Elizabeth Burton and Katie Williams},
publisher = {E\&FN Spon},
address = {London, UK},
year = 1996,
pages = {190--199},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@BOOK{NijReiWeg90,
author = {Peter Nijkamp and Shalom Reichman and Michael Wegener},
title = {Euromobile: transport, communications and mobility in Europe:
a cross-national comparative overview},
year = 1990,
address = {Brookfield, USA},
publisher = {Aldershot},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{NijUrs98,
author = {Peter Nijkamp and T.~Ursem},
title = {Market solutions for sustainable cities},
year = 1998,
journal = {International Journal of Environment and Pollution},
volume = 10,
number = 1,
pages = {46--64},
keywords = {transport planning, economics}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{NoeLee00,
author = {N.~No{\"e}l and Martin E.H.~Lee-Gosselin},
title = {Urban form, road network design and bicycle use: the case of
{Q}uebec {C}ity's metropolitan area.},
year = 2000,
month = JUN,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo Mondial Conference},
address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
keywords = {bicycle planning, canada},
url = {http://www.velomondial.net/velomondiall2000/PDF/NOEL.PDF}
}
@ARTICLE{NoeLee02,
author = {N.~No{\"e}l and Martin E.H.~Lee-Gosselin},
title = {Mieux comprendre la pratique de la bicyclette: Enquęte sur les
déplacements et les activités de cyclistes de la Région
métropolitaine de {Q}uébec.},
year = 2002,
journal = {Recherche - Transports - S{\'e}curit{\'e}},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = 74,
pages = {26--49},
keywords = {bicycle planning, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{NoeVilLee01,
author = {N.~No{\"e}l and P.~Villeneuve and Martin E.H.~Lee-Gosselin},
title = {Aménagement du territoire et espaces d'action: identification
des déterminants des stratégies de déplacements de cyclistes de la
région de {Q}uébec ŕ l'aide d'un {SIG}},
year = 2001,
journal = {Revue internationale de g{\'e}omatique},
volume = 11,
number = {3--4},
pages = {79--101},
keywords = {bicycle planning, geographic information systems, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{NolKun95,
author = {R.B.~Noland and H.~Kunreuther},
title = {Short-run and long-run policies for increasing bicycle
transportation for daily commuter trips},
year = 1995,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 2,
number = 1,
pages = {67--79},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{NolLem02,
author = {Robert B.~Noland and Lewison L.~Lem},
title = {A review of the evidence for induced travel and changes in
transportation and environmental policy in the {US} and the {UK}},
year = 2002,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 7,
number = 1,
pages = {1--26},
abstract = {
This paper reviews recent research into the demand inducing effects
of new transportation capacity. We begin with a discussion of
the basic theoretical background and then review recent
research both in the UK and the US. Results of this research
show strong evidence that new transportation capacity induces
increased travel, both due to short run effects and long run
changes in land use development patterns. While this topic has
long been debated amongst transportation planners, the
fundamental hypothesis and theory has long been apparent in
studies of transportation economics and planning that evaluated
different issues (e.g. travel time budgets and urban economic
development effects). We summarize much of this work
and relate the theoretical issues to recent empirical research.
We then proceed to examine recent changes in transportation and
environmental policy in the US and the UK. The role of the new
knowledge of induced travel effects would be expected to lead
to changes in the conduct of transportation and environmental
policy. Changes in policy and implementation of those policies
are still occurring and we provide some suggestions on how to
move forward in these areas.
},
keywords = { induced travel, land use transport link }
}
@ARTICLE{NotBorWad03,
author = {Michael Noth and Alan Borning and Paul Waddell},
title = {An Extensible, Modular Architecture for Simulating Urban
Development, Transportation and Environmental Impacts},
year = 2003,
month = MAR,
journal = {Computers, Environment and Urban Systems},
volume = 27,
number = 2,
pages = {181--203},
keywords = {transport modelling, spatial modelling, urban economics}
}
@BOOK{NowNow70,
author = {D.~Nowlan and N.~Nowlan},
title = {The bad trip: the untold story of the {S}padina {E}xpressway},
year = 1970,
publisher = {Toronto New Press, House of Anansi},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {canada, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{NowSte92,
author = {D.M.~Nowlan and G.~Stewart},
title = {The effect of downtown population growth on commuting trips:
some recent {T}oronto experience},
year = 1992,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 57,
number = 2,
pages = {165--182},
keywords = { transport planning, canada }
}
@TECHREPORT{NRDC93,
author = {{National Resources Defense Council}},
title = {Uncovering Hidden Costs in Transportation},
year = 1993,
institution = {National Resources Defense Council},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = { transport planning }
}
@INCOLLECTION{ObeSmi93,
author = {Peter H.~Oberlander and Patrick J.~Smith},
title = {Governing {M}etropolitan {V}ancouver: Regional
Intergovernmental Relations in {B}ritish {C}olumbia},
booktitle = {{A}merican/{C}anadian Metropolitan Intergovernmental
Governance Perspectives},
series = {The {N}orth {A}merican Federalism Project},
volume = 1,
year = 1993,
publisher = {Institute of Governmental Studies Press, University of
California},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
keywords = {canada, governance}
}
@TECHREPORT{OECD97,
author = {{O}rganisation for {E}conomic {C}o-operation and {D}evelopment},
title = {Safety of Vulnerable Road Users},
address = {Paris, France},
institution = {{OECD}},
year = 1997,
keywords = {pedestrian planning, bicycle planning}
}
@UNPUBLISHED{OKeNagDoh03,
author = {Morton O'Kelly and Kai Nagel and Sean T.~Doherty},
title = {Microsimulation and the Activity Scheduling Process: Views
from the {STELLA} workshop},
year = 2003,
month = MAY,
address = {Newcastle, UK},
note = {Internet},
url = {http://www.sim.inf.ethz.ch/papers/Okelly_Nagel_Doherty_STELLA/Okelly_Nagel_Doherty_STELLA.pdf},
keywords = {transport modelling, computer science}
}
@ARTICLE{Oke00,
author = {Timothy George Oketch},
title = {New Modeling Approach for Mixed-Traffic Streams with
Nonmotorized Vehicles},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1705,
year = 2000,
pages = {61--69},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transport modelling},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1705-011.pdf}
}
@BOOK{Ope84,
author = {S.~Openshaw},
title = {The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem},
year = 1984,
series = {Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography},
volume = 38,
publisher = {Geo Books},
address = {Norwich, UK},
keywords = {spatial modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Orc57,
author = {G.H.~Orcutt},
title = {A new type of socio-economic system},
year = 1957,
journal = {Review of Economics and Statistics},
volume = 58,
pages = {773--797},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@BOOK{OrcCalWer76,
author = {G.H.~Orcutt and S.~Caldwell and R.~{Wertheimer II}},
title = {Policy Exploration Through Microanalytic Simulation},
year = 1976,
publisher = {Urban Institute},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@BOOK{OrcGreKorRiv61,
author = {G.H.~Orcutt and M.~Greenberger and J.~Korbel and A.~Rivlin},
title = {Microanalysis of Socio-economic Systems: a simulation study},
year = 1961,
publisher = {Harper \& Row},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban economics, transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Ors90,
author = {C.K.~Orski},
title = {Can Management of Transportation Demand Help Solve Our Growing
Traffic Congestion and Air Pollution Problems?},
year = 1990,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 44,
number = 4,
pages = {483--498},
keywords = {transportation demand management, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{OrtIacVal00,
author = {Juan~de~Dios Ort\'{u}zar and Andr\'{e}s Iacobelli and Claudio
Valeze},
title = {Estimating Demand for a Cycleway Network},
year = 2000,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 34,
number = 5,
pages = {353--374},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle modelling}
}
@BOOK{OrtWil94,
author = {Juan~de~Dios Ort\'{u}zar and L.G.~Willumsen},
title = {Modelling Transport},
year = 1994,
edition = {2nd},
publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {transport modelling, discrete choice modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{OsbSti98,
author = {J.~Scott Osberg and Sarah C.~Stiles},
title = {Bicycle Use and Safety in {P}aris, {B}oston and {A}msterdam},
year = 1998,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
month = {Fall},
volume = 52,
number = 4,
pages = {61--76},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{OsbStiOhe98,
author = {J.~Scott Osberg and Sarah C.~Stiles and Kwaku Ohene},
title = {Bicycle Safety Behavior in {P}aris and {B}oston},
year = 1998,
journal = {Accident Analysis and Prevention},
volume = 30,
number = 5,
pages = {679--687},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{Osb00,
author = {S.P.~Osborne},
title = {{P}ublic-{P}rivate {P}artnerships: Theory and Practice in
International Perspective},
year = 2000,
publisher = {Routledge},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {finance}
}
@BOOK{Osk97,
author = {A.~Oskamp},
title = {Local housing market simulation: a micro approach},
year = 1997,
publisher = {Thesis publishing},
address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
keywords = {transport modelling, spatial modelling}
}
@BOOK{OSu93,
author = {A.M.~O'Sullivan},
title = {Urban Economics},
year = 1993,
edition = {2nd},
publisher = {Irwin},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Owe84,
author = {Susan E.~Owens},
title = {Spatial Structure and Energy Demand},
year = 1984,
booktitle = {Energy Policy and Land Use Planning},
editor = {D.R.~Cope and P.R.~Hills and P.~James},
pages = {215--240},
publisher = {Pergamon},
address = {Oxford, UK},
keywords = {urban form, energy, urban planning, sustainability}
}
@BOOK{Owe86,
author = {Susan E.~Owens},
title = {Energy, Planning and Urban Form},
year = 1986,
publisher = {Pion},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban form, energy, urban planning, sustainability}
}
@BOOK{PapPre93,
author = {C.S.~Papacostas and P.D.~Prevedouros},
title = {Transportation Engineering and Planning},
year = 1993,
edition = {2nd},
publisher = {Prentice Hall},
address = {Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{ParSpaZim99,
author = {Christine Parent and Stefano Spaccapietra and Esteban
Zim{\'a}nyi},
title = {Spatio-Temporal Conceptual Models: Data Structures + Space +
Time},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th {ACM} Symposium on Advances in
{GIS}},
year = 1999,
month = NOV,
address = {Kansas City, KA, USA},
url = {http://lbdsun.epfl.ch/e/publications/articles.pdf/ACM-GIS-99.pdf},
keywords = {computer science, geographic information systems},
abstract = {
Nowadays, many applications need data modeling facilities for the
description of complex objects with spatial and/or temporal
facilities. Responses to such requirements may be found in
Geographic Information Systems (GIS), in some DBMS, or in the
research literature. However, most of existing models cover
only partly the requirements (they address either spatial or
temporal modeling), and most are at the logical level,
hence not well suited for database design. This paper proposes a
spatio-temporal modeling approach at the conceptual level,
called MADS. The proposal stems from the identification of the
criteria to be met for a conceptual model. It is advocated that
orthogonality is the key issue for achieving a powerful and
intuitive conceptual model. Thus, the proposal focuses on
highlighting similarities in the modeling of space and time,
which enhance readability and understandability of the model.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Par03,
author = {J.~Parkin},
title = {Comparisons of cycle use for the journey to work from the '81,
'91 and 2001 censuses},
year = 2003,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 44,
number = 8,
pages = {299--302},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{ParBen02,
author = {Ian W.H.~Parry and Antonio Bento},
title = {Estimating the Welfare Effect of Congestion Taxes: The
Critical Importance of Other Distortions within the Transport
System},
year = 2002,
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
volume = 51,
number = 2,
pages = {339--365},
keywords = { congestion pricing, parking, urban economics }
}
@TECHREPORT{Par96a,
author = {{Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade \& Douglas, Inc.}},
title = {Influence of Land Use Mix and Neighborhood Design on Transit
Demand},
institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation
Research Board},
year = 1996,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Par96c,
author = {{Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade \& Douglas, Inc.}},
title = {Transit and Urban Form: Mode of Access and Catchment Areas of
Rail Transit},
type = {Project},
number = {H-1},
institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation
Research Board},
year = 1996,
month = MAR,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Par99,
author = {{Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade \& Douglas, Inc.}},
title = {Land Use Impacts of Transportation: A Guidebook},
institution = {Transportation Research Board},
year = 1999,
number = {423A},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{ParCerHowZup96,
author = {{Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade \& Douglas, Inc.} and
Robert Cervero and {Howard/Stein Hudson Associates, Inc.} and
Jeffrey Zupan},
title = {Transit and Urban Form: Transit, Urban Form, and the Built
Environment: A Summary of Knowledge},
type = {Report},
number = {16 Volume 1 Part I},
institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation
Research Board},
year = 1996,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, urban planning},
url = {http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_16-1.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{ParCerHowZup96b,
author = {{Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade \& Douglas, Inc.} and
Robert Cervero and {Howard/Stein Hudson Associates, Inc.} and
Jeffrey Zupan},
title = {Transit and Urban Form: Commuter and Light Rail Transit
Corridors: The Land Use Connection},
type = {Report},
number = {16 Volume 1 Part II},
institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation
Research Board},
year = 1996,
month = MAR,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, urban planning},
url = {http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_16-2.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{ParCerHowZup96d,
author = {{Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade \& Douglas, Inc.} and
Robert Cervero and {Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.} and
Jeffrey Zupan},
title = {Transit and Urban Form: Public Policy and Transit Oriented
Development: Six International Case Studies},
type = {Report},
number = {16 Volume 1 Part IV},
institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation
Research Board},
year = 1996,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, urban planning, canada, land use transport link},
url = {http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_16-4.pdf},
annote = {
I found their description of Houston interesting. I'd heard a lot
about Houston's laissez-faire no-zoning policies, but I'd never
read anything about the details. It sounds like they still suffer
from the same social exclusion effects as many U.S. residential
areas, but they use deed restrictions to enforce the exclusion
instead of zoning laws. The authors give a surprisingly positive
review to the HOV system overall, quite different from what I'd
heard about HOV lanes in the present day context. Overall,
Houston sounds like a depressing place to live or work. The
complete rejection of land use control and the overwhelming
dominance of the automobile turn me off. The Washington, D.C. case
study wasn't very interesting to me, focusing mainly on
transit-oriented development plans. The Portland section was
slightly more interesting, again focusing on how land use goals
are achieved by the agencies involved. The Vancouver section was
mostly familiar, but did contain some interesting details that were
new to me. There are some strange comments, though---they
claim that the ``European and Asian heritage of the region has also
made the Vancouver community more accepting of transit'' and
characterise Vancouver as very unique within Canada. That's
total rubbish---Canadian cities generally have an accepting attitude
towards transit and a diverse cultural mix, and American cities
have as much of a ``European heritage'' as Canadian ones. Sure,
Vancouver is younger---but that should put it in the same boat as
other young west coast cities, like Seattle. Some of their
discussion regarding the history of SkyTrain is interesting,
however, especially the idea that the Expo line was deliberately
run through empty industrial areas to reduce NIMBY resistance and
to allow new, denser transit-oriented development. They also note
that TransLink does not own the land under the SkyTrain, allowing
existing owners to make good use of the land, building towers
around the tracks, etc. This is vastly better than the freeway
model, where the land underneath and nearby is just dead space.
Interestingly, they note that both Canadian and American government
agencies put out a Request For Proposals (RFP) for a low-cost site,
but only Canadian agencies can make location a requirement---i.e.,
requiring a site on the SkyTrain line.
I'm a bit dubious about their Ottawa section. They speak in glowing
terms about many of the details of the system, and it doesn't
always jibe with my experience when I lived there. Granted, I lived
in a lousy area (far from the transitway) with a poor commute
pattern. But there was a huge chunk of underserviced city where I
lived, and I did see how the policies were working out on the
ground. However, the policies sound like good ideas, at the least.
They started with a bizarre statistic to make Ottawa look good:
``Passengers per route mile in the first year,'' a statistic
biased towards bus systems, before development associated with a
fixed rail system is completed. It's nice that (like Vancouver)
they officially prioritise transit over road improvements, and that
they consider it an official service. Their policy of building
early in suburban areas is also an excellent idea, as is the policy
of forcing regional shopping centres to be within 5 minutes walk of
a transit station. (I have to wonder if that applies to big box
zones, though---they were certainly abundant in the Ottawa area
when I lived there. The abhorrent South Keys development all
happened under these policies.) The Transitway design is clever,
since they left enough room to allow later conversion to a
rail system. One telling quote: ``These services are adapted to,
and as a result, help reinforce, the region's suburban landscape.
In Ottawa-Carleton, it is accepted that low-density living
environments are preferred by most residents, and that transit
programs should in no way seek to alter this settlement
pattern, but rather to serve it.'' To be fair, that pattern
may be changing now---the condo boom has definitely hit Ottawa.
I suspect some of these sentences reflect the suburban American
audience of this report. Ottawa also has taken a serious attitude
towards directing job growth to transit corridors, in a manner
similar to the Dutch ABC system. They also route buses through
subdivision collector roads instead of arterial streets, to make
for easier pedestrian access and avoiding the fight to access
buses on arterials. (This may explain some of my confusion with
the bus system, since I was more accustomed to the Toronto
approach. It may also explain why buses were often poor choices
for reaching retail areas, usually located on the arterials. It
sounds like that was mostly political bad luck, though, not
design---developers have insisted on siting commercial development
on the arterials, not the planners' first choice.) Their reduction
in downtown parking is admirable, with a 15\% reduction from
1975 to 1984, a period of regression for most cities. They
don't really comment much on the fact that many Transitway stations
are built in parkland with no adjacent development, but they do
note that future stations are being built in advance of development,
with an aim to integrate better with mixed-use neighbourhoods. They
claim pessimistically that the high-density transit-oriented
residential demand had reached saturation point (!!) in Ottawa by
1993. At the end of the day, they've had difficulty achieving their
goals, with regional employment share near transit stations
remaining fairly static from 1986--1991. But they're still far
ahead of most of North America.
}
}
@BOOK{Par99b,
author = {C.~Parenti},
title = {Lockdown {A}merica: Police and Prisons in an Age of Crisis},
year = 1999,
publisher = {Verso},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {sociology}
}
@ARTICLE{Pas96,
author = {Hafiz A.~Pasha},
title = {Suburban minimum lot zoning and spatial equilibrium},
year = 1996,
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
volume = 40,
number = 1,
pages = {1--12},
keywords = {zoning, equity, urban economics, urban planning}
}
@BOOK{PasDen87,
author = {J.-M.~Pasteels and J.-L.~Deneubourg},
title = {From Individual to Collective Behaviour in Social Insects},
year = 1987,
publisher = {Birkh{\"a}user},
address = {Stuttgart, Germany},
keywords = {computer science}
}
@BOOK{PatSaw93,
author = {C.V.~Patton and D.S.~Sawicki},
title = {Basic Methods of Policy Analysis and Planning},
year = 1993,
edition = {2nd},
publisher = {Prentice Hall},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@BOOK{Paw75,
author = {M.~Pawley},
title = {The private future},
year = 1975,
publisher = {Pan},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {sociology}
}
@TECHREPORT{PayBla80,
author = {{Payne-Maxie Consultants} and {Blaney-Dyett, Urban and
Regional Planners}},
title = {The land use and urban development impacts of beltways},
year = 1980,
number = {DOT-OS-90079},
institution = {U.S. Department of Transportation and Departmen tof
Housing and Urban Development},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{PedDav00,
author = {A.~Pedler and D.G.~Davies},
title = {Cycle track crossings of minor roads},
year = 2000,
number = 462,
address = {London, UK},
institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://217.118.128.203/store/downloadreport.asp?id=2618},
abstract = {
Cycle tracks can help cyclists to avoid sharing busy roads with
motor vehicles. One of the main problems with providing them,
however, is the design of crossings of minor roads. This introduces
a hazard and cyclists are usually required to give way. Highway
authorities have been reluctant to give priority to cyclists in
case drivers fail to observe the priorities and casualties
occur. This project investigates the safety and effectiveness
of a variety of cycle track crossing arrangements at minor road
T-junctions, including crossings with priority for cyclists.
Five cycle track crossings were monitored using video cameras
and 223 cyclists using the crossings were interviewed. The
report draws conclusions about the safety of various designs
and makes recommendations about cycle track crossing design.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Pei97,
author = {Wayne Pein},
title = {Bicyclist Performance on a Multiuse Trail},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1578,
pages = {127--131},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1578-16.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Pen99,
author = {Rolf Pendall},
title = {Do land use controls cause sprawl?},
year = 1999,
journal = {Environment and Planning B},
volume = 26,
number = 4,
pages = {555--571},
keywords = {urban planning, zoning, smart growth}
}
@ARTICLE{PenDueStr97,
author = {Zhongren Peng and Kenneth J.~Dueker and James G.~Stratham},
title = {Residential Location, Employment Location and Commuter
Responses to Parking Charges},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1556,
pages = {109--118},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{PerPuc95,
author = {A.~Perl and John Pucher},
title = {Transit in trouble? The policy challenge posed by {C}anada's
changing urban mobility},
year = 1995,
journal = {Canadian Public Policy},
volume = 21,
number = 3,
pages = {261--283},
keywords = {canada, transit, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{PerBab86,
author = {J.~Perry and T.~Babitsky},
title = {Comparative Performance of Urban Bus Transit: Assessing
Privatization Strategies},
year = 1986,
journal = {Public Administration Review},
volume = 46,
pages = {45--59},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, finance}
}
@TECHREPORT{PetYam75,
author = {G.~Peterson and H.~Yampolsky},
title = {Urban Development and the Protection of Metropolitan
Farmland},
year = 1975,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
institution = {The Urban Land Institute},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Pet04,
author = {Romain Petiot},
title = {Parking enforcement and travel demand management},
year = 2004,
journal = { Transport Policy},
volume = 11,
number = 4,
pages = {399--411},
keywords = {parking, transportation demand management}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Pho03,
author = {Yorgos N.~Photos},
title = {Simulation of urban system evolution in a synergetic modelling
framework: the case of {A}ttica, {G}reece},
year = 2003,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 43rd Congress of the European Regional
Science Association},
publisher = {European Regional Science Assocation},
address = {Jyv{\"a}skyl{\"a}, Finland},
url = {http://www.jyu.fi/ersa2003/cdrom/papers/353.pdf},
abstract = {
Spatial analysis and evolution simulation of such complex and
dynamic systems as modern urban areas could greatly benefit
from the synergy of methods and techniques that constitute the
core of the fields of Information Technology and Artificial
Intelligence. Additionally, if during the decision making
process, a consistent methodology is applied and assisted by a
user-friendly interface, premium and pragmatic solution
strategies can be tested and evaluated.
In such a framework, this paper presents both a prototype
Decision Support System and a consorting spatio-temporal
methodology, for modelling urban growth. Its main focus is on
the analysis of current trends, the detection of the factors
that mostly affect the evolution process and the examination of
user-defined hypotheses regarding future states of the problem
environment.
According to the approach, a neural network model is formulated
for a specific time intervals and each different group of
spatial units, mainly based to the degree of their
contiguity and spatial interaction. At this stage,
fuzzy logic provides a precise image of spatial entities, further
exploited in a twofold way. First, for the analysis and
interpretation of up-to-date urban evolution and second, for
the formulation of a robust spatial simulation model. It should
be stressed, however, that the neural network model is not
solely used to define future urban images, but also to evaluate
the degree of influence that each variable as a significant of
problem parameter, contributes to the final result. Thus, the
formulation and the analysis of alternative planning scenarios
are assisted.
Both the proposed methodological framework and the prototype
Decision Support System are utilized during the study of
Attica, Greece's principal prefecture and the definition of a
twenty-year forecast. The variables considered and projected
refer to population data derived from the 1961-1991 censuses
and building uses aggregated in ten different categories. The
final results are visualised through thematic maps in a GIS
environment. Finally, the performance of the methodology is
evaluated as well as directions for further improvements and
enhancements are outlined.
},
keywords = {spatial modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Pic85,
author = {Donald Pickrell},
title = {Federal Operating Assistance for Urban Mass Transit: Assessing
a Decade of Experience},
year = 1985,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1078,
pages = {1--10},
keywords = { transport planning, transit }
}
@ARTICLE{Pic92,
author = {Donald Pickrell},
title = {A desire named streetcar: Fantasy and fact in rail transit
planning},
year = 1992,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Assocation},
volume = 58,
number = 2,
pages = {158--176},
keywords = {transit}
}
@BOOK{Pil79,
author = {Juri Pill},
title = {Planning and Politics: The {M}etropolitan {T}oronto
{T}ransportation {R}eview},
year = 1979,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {urban politics, canada, transport planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Pil88,
author = {Juri Pill},
title = {Toronto: thirty years of transit development},
year = 1988,
editor = {W.~Attoe},
booktitle = {Transit, Land Use and Urban Form},
publisher = {Center for the Study of American Architecture},
address = {Austin, TX, USA},
pages = {57--62},
keywords = {canada, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{Piv90,
author = {Gary Pivo},
title = {The Net of Beads: Suburban Office Development in Six
Metropolitan Areas},
year = 1990,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 56,
number = 4,
pages = {457--469},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{Piv93,
author = {Gary Pivo},
title = {A Taxonomy of Suburban Office Clusters: The Case of
{T}oronto},
year = 1993,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 30,
number = 1,
abstract = {
Metropolitan plans are commonly based on a system of suburban office
clusters. The large variation among recent plans suggests a poor
understanding of their nature and impacts. A taxonomy of office
clusters could provide a necessary framework. Six hypotheses on the
type, frequency, location, employment base and travel characteristics
of suburban clusters were tested in a case-study of the Toronto region.
Six physical types were identified and found to be associated with
certain locations, employment activities and travel mode
characteristics. The Toronto metropolitan plan was found to be
successful when it conformed with these findings and unsuccessful when
it did not. The results lead to provisional guidelines for future
metropolitan plans.
},
keywords = {canada, location choice, firm behaviour}
}
@ARTICLE{Piv96,
author = {Gary Pivo},
title = {Towards Sustainable Urbanization in Mainstreet {C}ascadia},
year = 1996,
journal = {Cities},
volume = 13,
number = 5,
pages = {339--354},
keywords = {urban planning, canada}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Pla95,
author = {D.A.~Plane},
title = {Urban transportation: policy alternatives},
year = 1995,
booktitle = {The Geography of Urban Transportation},
editor = {Susan Hanson},
edition = {2nd},
publisher = {Guildford Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
pages = {435--469},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning}
}
@PHDTHESIS{Pob97,
author = {Chamlong Poboon},
title = {Anatomy of a traffic disaster: Towards sustainable solutions
to {B}angkok's transportation problems},
year = 1997,
school = {Murdoch University, Institute for Science and Technology
Policy},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{PobKen95,
author = {Chamlong Poboon and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Bangkok: Towards a sustainable traffic solution},
year = 1995,
month = FEB,
booktitle = {Paper presented to Urban Habitat Conference},
address = {Delft, The Netherlands},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{PobKen97,
author = {Chamlong Poboon and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Bangkok's traffic disaster: An international comparative
assessment of transportation and land use in {B}angkok with its
implications for air quality},
year = 1997,
month = JUN,
booktitle = {Paper presented to Pathways to Sustainability Conference},
address = {Newcastle, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{PogSas91,
author = {J.~Pogodzinski and T.~Sass},
title = {Measuring the effects of municipal zoning regulations: a
survey},
year = 1991,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 28,
pages = {497--621},
keywords = { urban planning, zoning}
}
@MASTERSTHESIS{Poo02,
author = {Winnie Poon},
title = {An Investigation into Residential Relocation Rules and
Processes},
year = 2002,
school = {University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {ilute, transport modelling}
}
@BOOK{Pop96,
author = {Albert Pope},
title = {Ladders},
publisher = {Rice School of Architecture; Princeton Architectural Press},
year = 1996,
address = {Houston, TX; New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {architecture, urban planning, transport planning, urban form},
annote = {
Discusses urban form in the freeway era, the different
connectivities of the grid system and the ``ladder'' system of the
freeway era, and Houston in particular. Some very interesting ideas
(judging from references), especially the notion of the freeway
system enforcing a hierarchy, and forming spiralling patterns in
contrast to the grid system. Unfortunately, my library doesn't have
a copy...
}
}
@ARTICLE{PorSuhSch99,
author = {Christopher Porter and John Suhrbier and William
L.~Schwartz},
title = {Forecasting Bicycle and Pedestrian Travel: State of the
Practice and Research Needs},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1674,
year = 1999,
pages = {94--101},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transport modelling},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1674-013.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{PraKoc02,
author = {Anant Pradhan and Kara Maria Kockelman},
title = {Error Propagation in an Integrated Land Use-Transportation
Modeling Framework: Output Variation via {U}rban{S}im},
year = 2002,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1805,
doi = {10.3141/1805-15},
keywords = {transport modelling},
abstract = {
This study examines the impact of uncertainty in the land use
component of a partially integrated land use-transportation
modeling system called UrbanSim. Outputs from the land use
model (LUM) act as inputs for a traditional 4-step travel
demand model (TDM), and travel times from the
traffic-assignment stage of the TDM are fed forward into the
subsequent years LUM. This work examines the propagation of
uncertainty across model stages as well as at each model stage
over time. A factorized design approach is used to model
uncertainty in demographic inputs (which include aggregate
growth rates and mobility rates) to the land use model,
as well as uncertainty in various model parameters. The results
suggest that while several model inputs may affect model
outputs in the short run, only those inputs that have a
cumulative effect are likely to have a significant impact on
outputs in the long run. The results also suggest that
uncertainty in model outputs may increase for the first few
years for which the model is run, as modified inputs send
shocks through the urban system. However, the level of
uncertainty appears to come down in later years, as households,
jobs, and developers respond to changed input conditions
},
url = {http://www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/kockelman/public_html/TRB02UrbanSim.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Pra86,
author = {P.~Prastacos},
title = {An integrated land use-transportation model for the {S}an
{F}rancisco Region},
year = 1986,
journal = {Environment and Planning A},
volume = 18,
pages = {307--322 and 511--528},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@TECHREPORT{Pra92,
author = {Jim Pravetz},
title = {A Review of Bicycle Policy and Planning Developments in
{W}estern {E}urope and {N}orth {A}merica: A Literature Search},
year = 1992,
institution = {Government of South Australia, Director-General of
Transport},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.architect.org/livablecities/Bicycle.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Pre92,
author = {P.D.~Prevedouros},
title = {Associations of personality characteristics with transport
behavior and residence location decision},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 26,
pages = {381--391},
keywords = {travel behaviour},
annote = {
Apparently includes some discussion of introvert/extrovert
behaviour differences.
}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{ProPan00,
author = {Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Pronovost and Marc Panneton},
title = {La {R}oute {V}erte: A cycling challenge, a planning
challenge},
year = 2000,
month = JUN,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo Mondial Conference},
address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
keywords = {bicycle planning, canada},
url = {http://www.velomondial.net/velomondiall2000/PDF/PRONOVOS.PDF}
}
@BOOK{Pro92,
author = {A.P.~Pross},
title = {Group Politics and Public Policy},
year = 1992,
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {urban politics, governance}
}
@ARTICLE{Puc88,
author = {John Pucher},
title = {Urban Travel Behavior as the Outcome of Public Policy: The
Example of Modal-Split in {W}estern {E}urope and {N}orth {A}merica},
year = 1988,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 54,
number = 3,
pages = {509--520},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Puc94,
author = {John Pucher},
title = {Public Transport Developments: {C}anada vs. The {U}nited
{S}tates},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 48,
number = 1,
pages = {65--78},
keywords = {canada, transit, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Puc95,
author = {John Pucher},
title = {Urban Passenger Transport in the {U}nited {S}tates and
{E}urope: A Comparative Analysis of Public Policies, Part 1},
year = 1995,
journal = {Transport Reviews},
volume = 15,
number = 2,
pages = {99--117},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Puc97,
author = {John Pucher},
title = {Bicycling Boom in {G}ermany: A Revival Engineered by Public
Policy},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 51,
number = 4,
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Puc98,
author = {John Pucher},
title = {Urban Transport in {G}ermany: Providing Feasible Alternatives
to the Car},
year = 1998,
journal = {Transport Reviews},
volume = 18,
number = 4,
pages = {285--310},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Puc98b,
author = {John Pucher},
title = {Back on track: eight steps to rejuvenate public transport in
{C}anada},
year = 1998,
journal = {Alternatives Journal},
volume = 24,
number = 1,
pages = {26--34},
keywords = {canada, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Puc02,
author = {John Pucher},
title = {The role of public policies in promoting the safety,
convenience and popularity of bicycling},
year = 2002,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 7,
number = 4,
pages = {75--79},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp07.4.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{PucClo92,
author = {John Pucher and S.~Clorer},
title = {Taming the automobile in {G}ermany},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 46,
number = 3,
pages = {383--395},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{PucDij00,
author = {John Pucher and Lewis Dijkstra},
title = {Making walking and cycling safer: lessons from {E}urope},
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 54,
number = 3,
year = 2000,
month = {Summer},
pages = {25--50},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, bicycle collisions},
url = {http://policy.rutgers.edu/tpi/docs/walkingcyclingsafer.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{PucHir93,
author = {John Pucher and I.~Hirschman},
title = {Urban Public Transport in the {U}nited {S}tates: Recent
Development and Policy Perspective},
year = 1993,
journal = {Public Transport International},
volume = 3,
pages = {12--25},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{PucKomSch99,
author = {John Pucher and Charles Komanoff and Paul Schimek},
title = {Bicycling renaissance in {N}orth {A}merica?},
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 33,
number = {7/8},
year = 1999,
pages = {625--654},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://policy.rutgers.edu/tpi/docs/bicyclingrenaissance.pdf}
}
@BOOK{PucLef96,
author = {John Pucher and C.~Lef{\`e}vre},
title = {The urban transport crisis in {E}urope and {N}orth {A}merica},
year = 1996,
publisher = {MacMillan},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{PucRen01,
author = {John Pucher and John L.~Renne},
title = {Socioeconomics of Urban Travel: Evidence from the 2001
{NHTS}},
year = 2001,
institution = {Vorhees Transportation Policy Institute, Rutgers
University},
address = {New Brunswick, NJ, USA},
url = {http://policy.rutgers.edu/tpi/docs/ajpharticle.pdf},
keywords = {equity, transport planning}
}
@BOOK{Pun99,
author = {John V.~Punter},
title = {Design Guidelines in {A}merican Cities: A Review of Design
Policies and Guidance in Five {W}est-{C}oast Cities},
year = 1999,
publisher = {University of Liverpool Press},
address = {Liverpool, UK},
keywords = {urban planning, architecture}
}
@ARTICLE{Pun99b,
author = {John V.~Punter},
title = {The {V}ancouver Experience},
year = 1999,
journal = {Urban Design Quarterly},
volume = 70,
pages = {33--37},
keywords = {urban planning, canada}
}
@MASTERSTHESIS{Pus98,
author = {A.~Pushkar},
title = {Modelling household residential search processes: methodology
and preliminary results of an original survey},
year = 1998,
school = {University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {ilute, transport modelling}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{PusHolMil00,
author = {Anna O.~Pushkar and Brian Hollingworth and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {A Multivariate Regression Model for Estimating Greenhouse Gas
Emissions from Alternative Neighborhood Designs},
year = 2000,
month = JAN,
booktitle = {Presented at the 79th Annual Meeting of the
Transportation Research Board},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {sustainability, land use transport link}
}
@BOOK{PusZup75,
author = {Boris S.~Pushkarev and Jeffrey M.~Zupan},
title = {Urban Space for Pedestrians},
year = 1975,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {pedestrian planning}
}
@BOOK{PusZupCum82,
author = {Boris S.~Pushkarev and Jeffrey M.~Zupan and Robert S.~Cumella},
title = {Urban Rail in {A}merica: An Exploration of Criteria for
Fixed-Guideway Transit},
publisher = {Indiana University Press},
address = {Bloomington, IN, USA},
year = 1982,
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@BOOK{Put83,
author = {S.~Putman},
title = {Integrated Urban Models: Policy Analysis of Transportation and
Land Use},
year = 1983,
publisher = {Pion},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {transport modelling, land use transport link}
}
@BOOK{Put91,
author = {S.~Putman},
title = {Integrated Urban Models 2: New Research and Applications of
Optimization and Dynamics},
year = 1991,
publisher = {Pion},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@MASTERSTHESIS{Raa98,
author = {Tamim Raad},
title = {The Car in {C}anada: A Study of Factors Influencing Automobile
Dependence in {C}anada's Seven Largest Cities, 1961--1991},
year = 1998,
school = {University of British Columbia, School of Community and
Regional Planning},
keywords = {transport planning, canada},
url = {http://www.cstctd.org/CSTadobefiles/carincanada.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{RaaKen98,
author = {Tamim Raad and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {The {US} and us},
year = 1998,
journal = {Alternatives},
volume = 24,
number = 1,
pages = {14--22},
keywords = {canada, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Rab92,
author = {J.~Rabinovitch},
title = {Curitiba: Towards sustainable development},
year = 1992,
journal = {Environment and Urbanisation},
volume = 4,
number = 2,
pages = {62--73},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Rad95,
author = {J.~Radberg},
title = {Termite's heap or rural villages? {T}he problems of urban
density and sustainability},
year = 1995,
month = APR,
booktitle = {The {E}uropean city---Sustaining urban quality,
Proceedings of Conference},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
publisher = {Ministry of Environment and Energy},
keywords = {ecology, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Raf88,
author = {Traute Rafalski},
title = {Social Planning and Corporatism; Modernization Tendencies in
{I}talian {F}ascism},
year = 1988,
journal = {International Journal of Political Science},
volume = 18,
number = 1,
keywords = {history}
}
@ARTICLE{Ram05,
author = {Stuart Ramsey},
title = {Of Mice and Elephants},
year = 2005,
month = SEP,
journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal},
publisher = {Institute of Transportation Engineers},
volume = 75,
number = 9,
pages = {38--41},
keywords = {transport modelling, land use transport link, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{Rap75,
author = {A.~Rappaport},
title = {Toward a Redefinition of Density},
year = 1975,
journal = {Environment and Behavior},
volume = 7,
number = 2,
pages = {25--36},
keywords = {urban form, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{RasKoiSum99,
author = {Mikko R{\"a}s{\"a}nen and Ilkka Koivisto and Heikki Summala},
title = {Car Drivers and Bicyclist Behavior at Bicycle Crossings Under
Different Priority Regulations},
year = 1999,
journal = {Journal of Safety Research},
volume = 30,
pages = {67--77},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{RasSum98,
author = {Mikko R{\"a}s{\"a}nen and Heikki Summala},
title = {Attention and Expectation Problems in Bicycle-Car Collisions:
An In-Depth Study},
year = 1998,
journal = {Accident Analysis and Prevention},
volume = 30,
number = 5,
pages = {657--666},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{RasSum98b,
author = {Mikko R{\"a}s{\"a}nen and Heikki Summala},
title = {The safety effects of sight obstacles and road-markings at
bicycle crossings},
year = 1998,
month = FEB,
volume = 39,
number = 2,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{Ras1937,
author = {Steen Eiler Rasmussen},
title = {London: The Unique City},
year = 1937,
publisher = {Cape},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban planning, history}
}
@TECHREPORT{RCUMR87,
author = {{Rice Center for Urban Mobility Research}},
title = {Assessment of Changes in Property Values in Transit Areas},
year = 1987,
institution = {Rice Center for Urban Mobility Research},
address = {Houston, TX, USA},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban planning, transit}
}
@TECHREPORT{RERC74,
author = {{Real Estate Research Corporation}},
title = {The Costs of Urban Sprawl},
year = 1974,
institution = {Real Estate Research Corporation},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{Ree96,
author = {William Rees},
title = {Rethinking carrying capacity: Area-based indicators},
year = 1996,
journal = {Population and Environment},
volume = 17,
number = 3,
pages = {191--215},
keywords = {sustainability}
}
@ARTICLE{Rei01,
author = {Stuart J.~Reid},
title = {Pushing bikes},
year = 2001,
journal = {Surveyor magazine},
month = JUN,
pages = {18--20},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Rei01b,
author = {Stuart J.~Reid},
title = {Bicycles in Bus Lanes: Should they really be there?},
year = 2001,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo-City 2001},
address = {Edinburgh, UK},
month = SEP,
publisher = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Rel91,
author = {E.~Relph},
title = {Suburban downtowns of the {G}reater {T}oronto {A}rea},
journal = {The Canadian Geographer},
year = 1991,
volume = 35,
pages = {421--425},
keywords = {geography, canada}
}
@BOOK{Rep83,
author = {Michael Replogle},
title = {Bicycles and Public Transportation},
publisher = {Bicycle Federation},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
year = 1983,
keywords = {bicycle planning, transit}
}
@ARTICLE{Rep87,
author = {Michael Replogle},
title = {Bicycles on Transit: A Review of the International
Experience},
year = 1987,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1141,
keywords = {bicycle planning, transit}
}
@ARTICLE{RepHoo93,
author = {Michael Replogle and Walter Hook},
title = {Improving Access for the Poor in Urban Areas},
year = 1993,
journal = {Race, Poverty \& the Environment},
volume = 6,
number = 1,
pages = {48--50},
keywords = {transport planning, equity}
}
@TECHREPORT{RepPar92,
author = {Michael Replogle and H.~Parcells},
title = {Linking Bicycle/Pedestrian Facilities with Transit},
year = 1992,
institution = {Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of
Transportation},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, intermodal}
}
@BOOK{Ric73,
author = {B.M.~Richardson},
title = {The economics of city size},
year = 1973,
publisher = {Saxon House},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@ARTICLE{Rie00,
author = {Piet Rietveld},
title = {The accessibility of railway stations: the role of the bicycle
in The {N}etherlands},
year = 2000,
month = JAN,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 5,
number = 1,
pages = {71--75},
abstract = {
The market potential of railway services depends on the quality of the
total chain from residence to place of activity. In The Netherlands
where natural conditions and infrastructure are conducive, the
bicycle is a potentially attractive access mode for railways since
it allows travellers to avoid waiting at bus, metro or tram stops.
Especially at the home end the bicycle appears to play a large role
as an access mode with a share of 35\%. At the activity end the
share is much shorter. Implications are discussed for policies
aiming at increasing the share of multimodal trips. Also physical
planning implications are considered.
},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transit, intermodal }
}
@ARTICLE{Rie00b,
author = {Piet Rietveld},
title = {Nonmotorized Modes in Transport Systems: A Multimodal Chain
Perspective for The {N}etherlands},
year = 2000,
month = JAN,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 5,
number = 1,
pages = {31--36},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transit, pedestrian planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Rie01,
author = {Piet Rietveld},
title = {Biking and Walking: The position of non-motorized transport
modes in transport systems},
year = 2001,
booktitle = {Handbooks in Transport},
editor = {K.J.~Button and D.A.~Hensher},
volume = 3,
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Oxford, UK},
pages = {299--320},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transport planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{RinMuhDohBec03,
author = {G.~Rindsf{\"u}ser and H.~M{\"u}hlhans and Sean T.~Doherty and
K.J.~Beckmann},
title = {Tracing the planning and execution of activities and their
attributes: design and application of a hand-held scheduling
process survey},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Travel
Behaviour Research},
address = {Lucerne, Switzerland},
year = 2003,
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute}
}
@ARTICLE{RisCamAshJac02,
author = {Chris Rissell and Fiona Campbell and Bruce Ashley and Lisa
Jackson},
title = {Driver road rule knowledge and attitudes towards cyclists},
year = 2002,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 8,
number = 4,
pages = {26--30},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp08.4.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Rob88,
author = {John Roberts},
title = {Where's downtown? `It went three years ago.'},
journal = {Town and Country Planning},
year = 1988,
month = MAY,
pages = {139--141},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Rob89b,
author = {John Roberts},
title = {User-friendly cities: What {B}ritain can learn from mainland
{E}urope},
year = 1989,
institution = {Transport and Environmental Studies (TEST)},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban planning, traffic calming}
}
@ARTICLE{Rob90,
author = {John Roberts},
title = {The Use of our Streets},
year = 1990,
journal = {Urban Design Quarterly},
volume = 35,
pages = {9--13},
keywords = {streets, urban design}
}
@TECHREPORT{Rob91,
author = {John Roberts},
title = {Wrong side of the tracks},
year = 1991,
institution = {Transport and Environmental Studies (TEST)},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Rob01,
author = {Kent A.~Robertson},
title = {Parking and Pedestrians: Balancing Two Key Elements in
Downtown Development},
year = 2001,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 55,
number = 2,
pages = {29--42},
abstract = {
Two important transportation goals for most American downtowns are
to provide sufficient parking spaces to meet the demand of
motorists and an attractive pedestrian-friendly environment.
Yet, when planned for separately, these two goals frequently
contradict each other. This article discusses the
characteristics, problems, and strategies associated with
downtown pedestrians and parking and advocates an integrated
approach wherein the needs of both pedestrians and motorists
are balanced. The keys to achieving this balance are (1)
finding appropriate locations for off-street parking facilities
that do not impede pedestrian flow, and (2) designing parking
facilities that are sensitive to pedestrians and facilitate
pedestrian connections.
},
keywords = {parking, pedestrian planning}
}
@ARTICLE{RodJoo04,
author = {Daniel A.~Rodr{\'i}guez and Joonwon Joo},
title = {The relationship between non-motorized mode choice and the
local physical environment},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 9,
number = 2,
pages = {151--173},
abstract = {
By estimating multinomial choice models, this paper examines the
relationship between travel mode choice and attributes of the
local physical environment such as topography, sidewalk
availability, residential density, and the presence of walking
and cycling paths. Data for student and staff commuters to the
University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill are used to
illustrate the relationship between mode choice and the
objectively measured environmental attributes, while accounting
for typical modal characteristics such as travel time, access
time, and out-of-pocket cost. Results suggest that jointly
the four attributes of the local physical environment
make significant marginal contributions to explaining
travel mode choice. In particular, the estimates reveal
that local topography and sidewalk availability are
significantly associated with the attractiveness of
non-motorized modes. Point elasticities are provided
and recommendations given regarding the importance of
incorporating non-motorized modes into local
transportation planning and in the study of how the
built environment influences travel behavior.
},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, urban design, transport planning, transport modelling, land use transport link}
}
@MASTERSTHESIS{Roo98,
author = {Matthew J.~Roorda},
title = {{T}oronto {A}rea Car Ownership Study: A Retrospective
Interview and its Applications},
year = 1998,
school = {University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, canada}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{RooCarMil06,
author = {Matthew J.~Roorda and Juan A.~Carrasco and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {A Joint Model of Car Ownership and Activity Scheduling},
year = 2006,
month = AUG,
booktitle = {Presented at the 11th International Association for Travel
Behaviour Research Conference},
address = {Kyoto, Japan},
keywords = {travel behaviour, transport modelling, ilute}
}
@INCOLLECTION{RooDohMil05,
author = {Matthew J.~Roorda and Sean Doherty and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Operationalising Household Activity Scheduling Models:
Addressing Assumptions and Using New Sources of Behavioural Data},
booktitle = {Behavioural Foundations of Integrated Land-Use and
Transportation Models: Assumptions and New Conceptual Frameworks},
editor = {Martin Lee-Gosselin and Sean T.~Doherty},
year = 2005,
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{RooMil03,
author = {Matthew J.~Roorda and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Strategies for Resolving Activity Scheduling Conflicts: An
Empirical Analysis},
year = 2003,
month = MAY,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the EIRASS Conference on Progress in
Activity-Based Analysis},
address = {Maastricht, The Netherlands},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{RooMil04,
author = {Matthew J.~Roorda and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Toronto Activity Panel Survey: Demonstrating the Benefits of
a Multiple Instrument Panel Survey},
year = 2004,
month = AUG,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on
Travel Survey Methods},
address = {Costa Rica},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, canada}
}
@INCOLLECTION{RooMil05,
author = {Matthew J.~Roorda and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Strategies for Resolving Activity Scheduling Conflicts: An
Empirical Analysis},
year = 2005,
booktitle = {Progress in Activity-Based Analysis},
editor = {Harry J.P.~Timmermans},
address = {Oxford, UK},
publisher = {Elsevier},
pages = {203--222},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour}
}
@ARTICLE{RooMilKru06,
author = {Matthew J.~Roorda and Eric J.~Miller and Nick Kruchten},
title = {Incorporating Within-Household Interactions into a Mode Choice
Model Using a Genetic Algorithm for Parameter Estimation},
year = 2006,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = {forthcoming},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{RosMarHar04,
author = {Geoff Rose and Heidi Marfutt and Phil Harbutt},
title = {Using a ``Ride to Work'' Day Event as a Travel Behaviour Change
initiative},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 84th meeting of the Transportation
Research Board},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb/trb2004/TRB2004-001285.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Ros74,
author = {S.~Rosen},
title = {Hedonic prices and implicit markets: product differentiation
in pure competition},
year = 1974,
journal = {Journal of Political Economics},
volume = 82,
pages = {34--44},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@TECHREPORT{RosEve93,
author = {M.~Rosetti and B.~Eversole},
title = {Journey to Work Trends in the {U}nited {S}tates and its Major
Metropolitan Areas},
year = 1993,
institution = {John A.~Volpe National Transportation Systems Center},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Ros00,
author = {William Ross},
title = {Mobility and Accessibility: The Yin and Yang of Planning},
year = 2000,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 6,
number = 2,
keywords = {transport modelling, accessibility},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp06.2.pdf},
abstract = {
The concepts `accessibility' and `mobility' are central to urban
and transport planning, and although they are often used
interchangeably, they convey fundamentally different concepts. For
example, mobility, especially when excessive, can have a negative
connotation, whereas accessibility is always seen as making a
positive contribution to a community. In investigating the
relationship between mobility and accessibility it emerges that
planning policies which favour the one, act against the other, and
the two can be seen as opposites.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{RosLaw93,
author = {T.~Rossi and T.K.~Lawton et al.},
title = {Revision of Travel Demand Models to Enable Analysis of
Atypical Land Use Patterns},
year = 1993,
institution = {Cambridge Systematics Inc. and Metropolitan Service
District},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{RudFal99,
author = {David Rudlin and Nicholas Falk},
title = {Building the 21st Century Home: The Sustainable Urban
Neighbourhood},
year = 1999,
publisher = {Architectural Press},
keywords = {architecture, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Rus00,
author = {A.~Russell},
title = {Selling the cycle habit},
year = 2000,
month = OCT,
journal = {Surveyor magazine},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Rus01,
author = {Ryan Russo},
title = {Parking \& Housing: Best Practices for Increasing Housing
Affordability and Achieving {S}mart {G}rowth},
year = 2001,
institution = {The Non-Profit Housing Association of Northern
California, Inc.},
url = {http://www.nonprofithousing.org/actioncenter/toolbox/parking/ParkingandHousing.pdf},
keywords = {parking, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{RyaMcN95,
author = {S.~Ryan and M.G.~Mc{N}ally},
title = {Accessibility of neotraditional neighborhoods: a review of
design concepts, policies, and recent literature},
year = 1995,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 29,
number = 2,
pages = {87--105},
keywords = {land use transport link, accessibility}
}
@TECHREPORT{Ryl96,
author = {T.J.~Ryley},
title = {{A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines for cyclists: The role of central cycle
lane approaches and signal timings},
year = 1996,
number = {TRL181},
address = {London, UK},
institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box}
}
@TECHREPORT{RylDav98,
author = {T.J.~Ryley and D.G.~Davies},
title = {Further developments in the design of contra-flow cycling
schemes},
year = 1998,
number = 358,
address = {London, UK},
institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
abstract = {
This research investigates the safety implications and practical
methods of allowing contra-flow cycling in one-way streets in
the UK. Five `alternative' contra-flow cycle schemes (ie
schemes not including a mandatory cycle lane or
physical segregation) were examined. Video filming and
interviews with cyclists were used to collect data from the
sites. The results were supplemented by data supplied by the
local authority responsible for the schemes; this data included
vehicle speeds and reported accidents. The schemes appeared to
operate safely, supporting the wider use of alternative
contra-flow cycle schemes in the UK. Design advice is proposed
on how this can be best achieved. Important factors to consider
when designing contra-flow schemes are motor vehicle flows,
motor vehicle speeds, delivery vehicles, parking and side roads.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{SACTRA94,
author = {{Standing Advisory Committee on Trunk Road Assessment}},
title = {Trunk Roads and the Generation of Traffic},
year = 1994,
institution = {Department of Transport, United Kingdom},
address = {London, UK},
annote = {
Comparable to TRB95 report, but came to the clear conclusion that
freeways have negative net impact.
},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{SaeSalBlaChe03,
author = {Brian E.~Saelens and Jim F.~Sallis and Jennifer B.~Black and
Dianna Chen},
title = {Neighborhood-Based Differences in Physical Activity: An
Environmental Scale Evaluation},
year = 2003,
journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
volume = 93,
pages = {1552--1558},
keywords = {active transportation, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{SaeSalFra03,
author = {Brian E.~Saelens and Jim F.~Sallis and Lawrence D.~Frank},
title = {Environmental Correlates of Walking and Cycling: Findings
from Transportation, Urban Design and City Planning Literatures},
journal = {Annals of Behavioral Medicine},
year = 2003,
volume = 25,
number = 2,
pages = {80--91},
keywords = {active transportation, urban planning, urban form},
url = {http://www.act-trans.ubc.ca/documents/Saelens\%20et\%20al\%20-\%20ABM\%20-\%202003.pdf},
abstract = {
Research in transportation, urban design, and planning has examined
associations between physical environment variables and
individuals' walking and cycling for transport. Constructs,
methods, and findings from these fields can be applied by physical
activity and health researchers to improve understanding of
environmental influences on physical activity. In this review,
neighborhood environment characteristics proposed to be relevant to
walking/cycling for transport are defined, including population
density, connectivity, and land use mix. Neighborhood
comparison and correlational studies with nonmotorized
transport outcomes are considered, with evidence suggesting
that residents from communities with higher density, greater
connectivity, and more land use mix report higher rates of
walking/cycling for utilitarian purposes than low-density,
poorly connected, and single land use neighborhoods. Environmental
variables appear to add to variance accounted for beyond
sociodemographic predictors of walking/cycling for transport.
Implications of the transportation literature for physical
activity and related research are outlined. Future research
directions are detailed for physical activity research to
further examine the impact of neighborhood and other physical
environment factors on physical activity and the potential
interactive effects of psychosocial and environmental
variables. The transportation, urban design, and planning
literatures provide a valuable starting point for
multidisciplinary research on environmental contributions to
physical activity levels in the population.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Sae04,
author = {Kjartan S{\ae}lensminde},
title = {Cost-benefit analyses of walking and cycling track networks
taking into account insecurity, health effects and external costs
of motorized traffic},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 38,
pages = {593--606},
url = {http://www.sustrans.org.uk/webfiles/International/Norway\%20cost-benfit\%20analysis.pdf},
keywords = {finance, pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, active transportation}
}
@TECHREPORT{SaeElv00,
author = {Kjartan S{\ae}lensminde and Rune Elvik},
title = {A method for setting priorities for measures designed for
pedestrians and cyclists: criteria and guidelines},
year = 2000,
institution = {Transport{\o}konomisk institutt (Institute of Transport Economics)},
address = {Oslo, Norway},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, prioritisation}
}
@BOOK{Saf97,
author = {M.~Safdie},
title = {The City After the Automobile},
year = 1997,
publisher = {Basic Books},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{SahDudKen03,
author = {Halla R.~Sahely and Shauna Dudding and Christopher A.~Kennedy},
title = {Estimating the Urban Metabolism of {C}anadian Cities:
{G}reater {T}oronto {A}rea Case Study},
year = 2003,
journal = {Canadian Journal for Civil Engineering},
volume = 30,
pages = {468--483},
keywords = {energy}
}
@ARTICLE{SalGre78,
author = {J.~Sale and B.~Green},
title = {Operating Costs and Performance of {A}merican Public Transit
Systems},
year = 1978,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 4,
number = 2,
pages = {22--27},
keywords = {transport planning, transit}
}
@ARTICLE{Sal98,
author = {N.~Salingaros},
title = {Theory of the urban web},
year = 1998,
month = FEB,
journal = {Journal of Urban Design},
volume = 3,
number = 1,
pages = {53--71},
keywords = {urban form, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{SalFraSaeKra04,
author = {Jim F.~Sallis and Lawrence D.~Frank and Brian E.~Saelens and
M.~Katherine Kraft},
title = {Active transportation and physical activity: Opportunities
for collaboration on transportation and public health research},
year = 2004,
month = MAY,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 38,
number = 4,
pages = {249--268},
keywords = {active transportation, transport planning},
url = {http://www.act-trans.ubc.ca/documents/Sallis\%20et\%20al\%20-\%20TR\%20-\%202004.pdf},
abstract = {
Physically inactive lifestyles are a major public health challenge,
and research in the transportation field on influences on the
choice to walk and bike may provide guidance toward solutions.
In the interests of promoting effective collaboration among the
transportation, planning, and health fields, the current paper
was written to fulfill three purposes. The first purpose was to
summarize the transportation and planning studies on the
relation between community design and non-motorized (``active'')
transport and to interpret these studies from a health
perspective. The second purpose was to summarize studies from
the health literature that examine the relation between
physical environmental variables and leisure-time physical
activity that have relevance for transportation research. The
third purpose was to promote more collaboration among
transportation, planning, and health investigators by
identifying opportunities for trans-disciplinary research.
}
}
@ARTICLE{SalOweFra00,
author = {Jim F.~Sallis and N.~Owen and Lawrence D.~Frank},
title = {Behavioral epidemiology: a systematic framework to classify
phases of research on health promotion and disease prevention},
year = 2000,
journal = {Annals of Behavioral Medicine},
volume = 22,
pages = {294--298},
keywords = {active transportation}
}
@ARTICLE{Sal85,
author = {W.~Salomons},
title = {Evaluatie {CPVC-OFOS} in {E}nschede (Evaluation of
{CPVC}-model {OFOS} in {E}nschede)},
year = 1985,
journal = {Verkeerskunde},
volume = 36,
number = {7-1985},
note = {Department of Transport translation 3269},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box}
}
@ARTICLE{SalMil05,
author = {Paul A.~Salvini and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {{ILUTE}: An Operational Prototype of a Comprehensive
Microsimulation Model of Urban Systems},
year = 2005,
journal = {Networks and Spatial Economics},
volume = 5,
pages = {217--234},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute}
}
@BOOK{San98,
author = {Leonie Sandercock},
title = {Towards Cosmopolis: Planning for Multicultural Cities},
year = 1998,
publisher = {Wiley},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@BOOK{SchScl80,
author = {K.~Schaeffer and E.~Sclar},
title = {Access for All: Transportation and Urban Growth},
year = 1980,
publisher = {Columbia University Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link, history}
}
@ARTICLE{SchVicJoh00,
author = {Andreas Schafer and D.~Victor and Robert W.~{Johnson Jr.}},
title = {The Future Mobility of the World Population},
year = 2000,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 34,
pages = {171--205},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Sch98,
author = {Jan Scheurer},
title = {Car-free housing in {E}urope: A new approach to sustainable
residential development},
year = 1998,
type = {Discussion Paper},
institution = {Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch
University},
keywords = {urban planning},
url = {http://wwwistp.murdoch.edu.au/publications/projects/carfree/carfree.html}
}
@BOOK{SchMey92,
author = {L.~Schipper and S.~Meyers},
title = {Energy Efficiency and Human Activity: Past Trends, Future
Prospects},
year = 1992,
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
institution = {Cambridge Studies in Energy and the Environment},
keywords = {energy, urban planning},
annote = {
According to Hall (1997), this includes discussion of
methodological problems with NewKen87.
}
}
@BOOK{Sch79,
author = {Ken Schneider},
title = {On the nature of cities: Towards creative and enduring human
environments},
year = 1979,
publisher = {Jossey-Bass},
address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, ecology}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{SchSpiWeg02,
author = {Carsten Sch{\"u}rmann and Klaus Spiekermann and Michael Wegener},
title = {Trans-European transport networks and regional economic
development},
year = 2002,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Congress of the European Regional
Science Association},
publisher = {European Regional Science Assocation},
address = {Dortmund, Germany},
url = {http://www.raumplanung.uni-dortmund.de/rwp/ersa2002/cd-rom/papers/174.pdf},
abstract = {
The important role of transport infrastructure for regional
development is one of the fundamental principles of regional
economics. In its most simplified form it implies that regions
with better access to locations of input materials and markets
will, ceteris paribus, be more productive, more competitive and
hence more successful than more remote and isolated regions.
The paper presents results of the research project
'Socio-Economic and Spatial Impacts of Trans-European Transport
Networks (SASI)' undertaken for the European Commission. The
main goals of the project were to design an interactive and
transparent modelling system for forecasting the impacts of
transport infrastructure investments and transport system
improvements, in particular of the trans-European transport
networks (TETN), on socio-economic activities and developments
in Europe, including spatial and temporal distribution, and to
demonstrate the usability of the modelling system by applying
it to a number of relevant case studies. The paper will first
explain the theoretical foundation and internal structure of
the simulation model developed as well as its input and output.
The model is a recursive simulation model of regional
socio-economic development subject to exogenous assumptions
about the economic and demographic development of the EU as a
whole and about transport infrastructure investments and
improvements. The second part of the paper will present the
results of the application of the model to a set of different
assumptions on TETN infrastructure investments and their likely
socio-economic impacts on the European regions in terms of GDP
per capita, unemployment and accessibility. The model results
suggest that the development trajectories of all regions are
rather similar in all scenarios, thus confirming the assumption
that general socio-economic and technical macro trends are more
powerful driving forces for regional economies than
infrastructure improvements. It is also shown that some
infrastructure scenarios lead to a slightly less polarised
distribution of accessibility and GDP among regions, however,
not enough to reverse the general trend towards economic
polarisation within the European Union. The third part of the
paper will outline model improvements currently made in the
follow-up project 'Integrated Appraisal of Spatial Economic and
Network Effects of Transport Investments and Policies' (IASON).
The new model will be more comprehensive in theory and more
disaggregate in terms of regions and economic sectors and will
include the future member states of the European Union in
eastern Europe.
},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{SchDohRooKhaBulHaiHun02,
author = {Corinne Schuster and Sean Doherty and Matthew J.~Roorda and
James Khan and Ron Buliung and Murtaza Haider and John Douglas
Hunt},
title = {Disaggregate behaviour in urban areas: a review of the
theories, approaches and models},
booktitle = {International Colloqium on the Behavioural Foundations of
Integrated Land-Use and Transportation Models: Assumptions and New
Conceptual Frameworks},
year = 2002,
month = JUN,
address = {Quebec City, QC, Canada},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute},
abstract = {
This paper will explore disaggregate approaches to modeling urban
systems, organizing recent research, approaches, techniques and
assumptions. As we know, the advantage of disaggregate
approaches are that they begin with the individual, the finest
resolution, enabling aggregation without losing valuable
information. There is no single modeling technique that can
provide a useful simulation of individual behaviour within the
urban system. Instead, a variety of approaches must be
integrated within a macro model. Each has differing
assumptions, strengths and weaknesses. The paper will establish
the players, decisions made and outcomes of modeling urban
systems. Given these categories, a review of current literature
demonstrates the emerging approaches for different aspects of
the urban system model, identifies strengths and weaknesses and
examines underlying assumptions and data collection techniques.
}
}
@ARTICLE{SchDijDie04,
author = {Tim Schwanen and Martin Dijst and Frans M.~Dieleman},
title = {Policies for Urban Form and their Impact on Travel: the
{N}etherlands Experience},
year = 2004,
month = MAR,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 41,
number = 3,
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{SchLin05,
author = {J.~Schilling and L.~Linton},
title = {The public health roots of zoning: in search of active
living's legal genealogy},
year = 2005,
journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},
volume = 28,
number = 2,
pages = {96--104},
keywords = {active transportation, history, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{SchVarHar76,
author = {U.~Schweizer and P.~Varaiya and J.~Hartwick},
title = {General equilibrium and location theory},
year = 1976,
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
volume = 3,
pages = {285--303},
keywords = {urban economics}
}
@ARTICLE{SeeSee97,
author = {M.~Seelig and J.~Seelig},
title = {{C}ity{P}lan: Participation or Abdication?},
year = 1997,
journal = {Plan Canada},
volume = 37,
number = 5,
pages = {18--22},
keywords = {urban planning, canada}
}
@BOOK{Sen74,
author = {R.~Sennett},
title = {The fall of public man},
year = 1974,
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
keywords = {sociology}
}
@BOOK{Sew72,
author = {John Sewell},
title = {Against City Hall},
year = 1972,
publisher = {James Lorimer},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {canada, urban politics}
}
@ARTICLE{Sew77,
author = {John Sewell},
title = {{D}on {M}ills: {E.P.~T}aylor and {C}anada's first corporate
suburb},
year = 1977,
journal = {City Magazine},
volume = 21,
number = 2,
pages = {28--38},
keywords = {canada, urban planning}
}
@BOOK{Sew93,
author = {John Sewell},
title = {The Shape of the City: {T}oronto Struggles with Modern
Planning},
year = 1993,
publisher = {University of Toronto Press},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
priority = 4,
keywords = {canada, urban planning},
annote = {
This looks like a great book, with some fascinating examples of bad
ideas from a former mayor of Toronto.
}
}
@ARTICLE{Sey96,
author = {J.~Seymour},
title = {A New Epidemic of Accidents},
year = 1996,
journal = {World Press Review},
volume = 43,
number = 12,
pages = {8--9},
keywords = {bicycle collisions}
}
@ARTICLE{ShaNie97,
author = {Kevan Shafizadeh and Debbie Niemeier},
title = {Bicycle Journey-to-Work: Travel Behavior Characteristics and
Spatial Attributes},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1578,
pages = {84--90},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1578-11.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{ShaAbdLee03,
author = {Amer S.~Shalaby and Baher Abdulhai and Jinwoo Lee},
title = {Assessment of Streetcar Priority Options Using Microsimulation
Modelling},
year = 2003,
month = DEC,
journal = {Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering},
volume = 30,
number = 6,
pages = {1000--1009},
keywords = {transit, prioritisation},
url = {http://article.pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ppv/RPViewDoc?_handler_=HandleInitialGet\&journal=cjce\&volume=30\&calyLang=eng\&articleFile=l03-010.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{ShaMil00,
author = {Amer S.~Shalaby and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Travel in the {G}reater {T}oronto {A}rea: Past and current
behaviour and relation to urban form},
year = 2000,
month = JAN,
type = {The {N}eptis {F}oundation Study},
institution = {University of Toronto},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, ilute, canada, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{Sha93,
author = {R.~Sharples},
title = {Modelling cyclists in {SATURN}},
year = 1993,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 34,
pages = {472--475},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transport modelling}
}
@TECHREPORT{Sha97,
author = {J.G.~Shaw},
title = {Planning for Parking},
year = 1997,
institution = {University of Iowa Public Policy Center},
address = {Ames, IA, USA},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{ShePet98,
author = {B.C.~Sheer and M.~Petkov},
title = {Edge city morphology; a comparison of commercial centres},
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
year = 1998,
volume = 64,
pages = {298--310},
keywords = {urban planning, urban design, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{She97,
author = {Q.~Shen},
title = {Urban Transportation in {S}hanghai, {C}hina: Problems and
Planning Implications},
year = 1997,
journal = {International Journal of Urban and Regional Research},
volume = 21,
number = 4,
pages = {589--606},
keywords = {transport planning, bicycle planning},
annote = {According to Cer98, this paper says that bicycles are the
most efficient mode for trips under 14km in Shanghai}
}
@ARTICLE{Shi98,
author = {J.~Shibata},
title = {Traffic Management in Rapidly Growing {A}sian Metropolises:
Escape from Vicious Circle of Car-Oriented Societies},
year = 1998,
journal = {The Wheel Extended (Toyota Quarterly Review)},
volume = 98,
pages = {17--21},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Shi02,
author = {Y.~Shiftan},
title = {The Effects of Parking Pricing and Supply on Travel Patterns
to a Major Business District},
year = 2002,
editor = {E.~Stern and I.~Salomon and P.~Bovy},
booktitle = {Travel Behaviour: Spatial Patterns, Congestion and
Modelling},
publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
address = {Cheltenham, UK},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{ShiBur01,
author = {Y.~Shiftan and R.~Burd-Eden},
title = {Modeling Response to Parking Policy},
year = 2001,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1765,
pages = {27--34},
keywords = {parking}
}
@PHDTHESIS{Shi97,
author = {P.~Shim{\'e}k},
title = {Understanding the relatively greater use of public transit in
{C}anada compared to the {USA}},
year = 1997,
school = {Massachussets Institute of Technology, Department of Urban
Studies and Planning},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {transit, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{Sho95b,
author = {W.~Shore},
title = {Recentralization: the single answer to more than a dozen
{U}nited {S}tates problems and a major answer to poverty},
year = 1995,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 61,
number = 4,
pages = {496--503},
keywords = {urban form, urban planning, equity}
}
@ARTICLE{Sho95,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {An opportunity to reduce minimum parking requirements},
year = 1995,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 61,
number = 1,
pages = {14--28},
keywords = {transport planning, parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Sho97,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {The High Cost of Free Parking},
year = 1997,
month = {Fall},
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 17,
number = 1,
pages = {3--20},
keywords = {transport planning, parking},
abstract = {
Urban planners typically set minimum parking requirements to meet
the peak demand for parking at each land use, without
considering either the price motorists pay for parking or the
cost of providing the required parking spaces. By reducing the
market price of parking, minimum parking requirements provide
subsidies that inflate parking demand, and this inflated demand
is then used to set minimum parking requirements. When
considered as an impact fee, minimum parking requirements can
increase development costs by more than 10 times the impact
fees for all other public purposes combined. Eliminating
minimum parking requirements would reduce the cost of urban
development, improve urban design, reduce automobile
dependency, and restrain urban sprawl.
},
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/countdown.pl?351.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Sho03,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {Truth in Transportation Planning},
year = 2003,
journal = {Journal of Transportation and Statistics},
volume = 6,
number = 1,
pages = {1--16},
keywords = {transport planning, parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Sho04,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {The Ideal Source of Local Public Revenue},
year = 2004,
month = NOV,
journal = {Regional Science and Urban Economics},
volume = 34,
number = 6,
pages = {753--784},
abstract = {
Free or underpriced curb parking creates a classic commons problem.
Studies have found that between 8\% and 74\% of cars in congested
traffic were cruising in search of curb parking, and that the
average time to find a curb space ranged between 3 and 14 min.
Cities can eliminate the economic incentive to cruise by
charging market-clearing prices for curb parking spaces.
Market-priced curb parking can yield between 5\% and 8\% of the
total land rent in a city, and in some neighborhoods can yield
more revenue than the property tax.
},
keywords = {parking}
}
@BOOK{Sho05,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {The High Cost of Free Parking},
year = 2005,
publisher = {American Planning Association},
address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
keywords = {parking, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Sho05b,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {Parking Cash Out},
year = 2005,
institution = {American Planning Association},
type = {Planning Advisory Service Report},
number = 532,
address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
keywords = {parking, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Sho05c,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {{S}an {F}rancisco and {L.A.}: Parking Makes the Difference},
year = 2005,
month = JAN,
journal = {Planning},
volume = 71,
number = 1,
pages = {36--37},
keywords = {parking, transport planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{ShoBre97,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup and M.~Breinholt},
title = {Employer-paid parking: a nationwide survey of employers'
parking subsidy policies},
year = 1997,
booktitle = {The Full Social Costs and Benefits of Transportation},
editor = {D.~Greene and D.~Jones and M.~Delucchi},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
address = {Heidelberg, Germany},
keywords = {parking, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{ShoPic78,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup and Donald H.~Pickrell},
title = {Problems with Parking Requirements in Zoning Ordinances},
year = 1978,
month = OCT,
journal = {Traffic Quarterly},
volume = 32,
number = 4,
pages = {545--563},
keywords = {parking}
}
@TECHREPORT{ShoPic80,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup and Donald H.~Pickrell},
title = {Free Parking as a Transportation Problem},
year = 1980,
institution = {U.S. Department of Transportation},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{ShoWil92,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup and Richard W.~Willson},
title = {Employer-Paid Parking: The Problem and a Proposed Solution},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 46,
number = 2,
pages = {169--192},
keywords = {parking}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Sid64,
author = {G.~Sidenbladh},
title = {Planning Problems in {S}tockholm},
booktitle = {Regional and City Planning: Seven Articles on Planning
Problems in {G}reater {S}tockholm},
publisher = {Planning Commission of the City of Stockholm},
address = {Stockholm, Sweden},
year = 1964,
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Sik97,
author = {A.~Siksna},
title = {The Effects of Block Size and Form in {N}orth {A}merican and
{A}ustralian City Centres},
year = 1997,
journal = {Urban Morphology},
volume = 1,
pages = {19--33},
keywords = {urban form, pedestrian planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Sil93,
author = {J.~Silas},
title = {Surabaya 1293--1993: A city of partnership},
year = 1993,
institution = {Municipal Government of Surabaya},
address = {Surabaya},
annote = {
Referred by NewKen99 p.~25, with regards to the lack of community
orientation in high-rise development, and discussion of an
alternative, the Kampung Improvement Scheme.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{SimMarPar99,
author = {David C.~Simmonds and Marcial Echnique and Partners Limited},
title = {Review of Land-Use/Transport Interaction Models},
institution = {Department of the Environment, Transport and the
Regions},
address = {London, UK},
year = 1999,
url = {http://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_transstrat/documents/page/dft_transstrat_504941.pdf},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@BOOK{Sma92,
author = {Kenneth A.~Small},
title = {Urban Transportation Economics},
year = 1992,
publisher = {Hardwood Academic Publishers},
keywords = {urban economics, transport planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{SmaGom98,
author = {Kenneth A.~Small and Jose A.~Gomez-Iba{\~n}ez},
title = {Road pricing for congestion management: the transition from
theory to policy},
year = 1998,
editor = {K.J.~Button and E.T.~Verhoef},
booktitle = {Road Pricing, Traffic Congestion and the Environment:
Issues of Efficiency and Social Feasibility},
pages = {213--246},
address = {Cheltenham, UK},
publisher = {Edward Elgar},
keywords = {congestion pricing},
annote = { A review of many pre-London congestion pricing experiments}
}
@ARTICLE{Smi86,
author = {P.~Smith},
title = {Regional governance in {B}ritish {C}olumbia},
year = 1986,
journal = {Planning and Administration},
volume = 13,
pages = {7--20},
keywords = {governance, urban politics, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{Smi96,
author = {P.~Smith},
title = {Restructuring metropolitan governance: {V}ancouver and {BC}
reforms},
year = 1996,
journal = {Policy Options},
volume = 17,
number = 2,
pages = {7--11},
keywords = {urban politics, canada, governance}
}
@ARTICLE{SmiHek85,
author = {S.~Smith and A.~Hekimian},
title = {Parking Requirements for Local Zoning Ordinances},
year = 1985,
journal = {ITE Journal},
volume = 55,
pages = {35--40},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Smi84,
author = {W.~Smith},
title = {Mass Transit for High-Rise, High-Density Living},
journal = {Journal of Transportation Engineering},
volume = 110,
number = 6,
year = 1984,
pages = {521--535},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, transit, land use transport link, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{Sob83,
author = {Richard M.~Soberman},
title = {Comparative Review of Transportation Planning in {C}anada and
the {U}nited {S}tates},
year = 1983,
journal = {Transport Logistics and Review},
volume = 19,
number = 2,
pages = {99--109},
keywords = {canada, transport planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Sob02,
author = {Richard M.~Soberman},
title = {'Smart' Transportation for sustainable development: a case
study of {T}oronto},
year = 2002,
month = APR,
editor = {W.~Kulyk},
booktitle = {Urban Transportation System: Ensuring Sustainability
Through Mass Transit},
address = {Alexandra, VA, USA},
keywords = {canada, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{SobMil99,
author = {Richard M.~Soberman and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Impacts of full cost pricing on the sustainability of urban
transportation: towards {C}anada's {K}yoto commitment},
year = 1999,
month = JUN,
journal = {Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering},
volume = 26,
number = 3,
pages = {345--354},
keywords = {transport planning, canada, congestion pricing, energy, greenhouse gases}
}
@ARTICLE{SorWal94,
author = {A.~Sorton and T.W.~Walsh},
title = {Bicycle stress level as a tool to evaluate urban and suburban
bicycle compatability},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1438,
pages = {17--24},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Sou95,
author = {Frank Southworth},
title = {A Technical Review of Urban Land Use-Transportation Models as
Tools for Evaluating Vehicle Travel Reduction Strategies},
address = {Oak Ridge, TN, USA},
institution = {Oak Ridge National Laboratory},
year = 1995,
number = {ORNL/M-4801},
url = {http://www-cta.ornl.gov/cta/Publications/pdf/ORNL-6881.pdf},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Sou05,
author = {Michael Southworth},
title = {Designing the Walkable City},
year = 2005,
month = DEC,
journal = {Journal of Urban Planning and Development},
volume = 131,
number = 4,
pages = {246--257},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{SouBen95,
author = {Michael Southworth and Eran Ben-Joseph},
title = {Street Standards and the Shaping of Suburbia},
year = 1995,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 65,
keywords = {urban form, streets, street design}
}
@BOOK{SouBen97,
author = {Michael Southworth and Eran Ben-Joseph},
title = {Streets and the Shaping of Towns and Cities},
year = 1997,
publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
edition = {1st},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban form, streets, urban planning, land use transport link}
}
@BOOK{SouBen03,
author = {Michael Southworth and Eran Ben-Joseph},
title = {Streets and the Shaping of Towns and Cities},
year = 2003,
publisher = {Island Press},
edition = {2nd},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {urban form, streets, urban planning, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{SouPar96,
author = {Michael Southworth and B.~Parthasarathy},
title = {The suburban public realm {I}: its emergence, growth and
transformation in the {A}merican metropolis},
year = 1996,
journal = {Journal of Urban Design},
volume = 1,
number = 3,
pages = {245--264},
keywords = {urban planning, history, urban design}
}
@ARTICLE{SouPar97,
author = {Michael Southworth and B.~Parthasarathy},
title = {The suburban public realm {II}: {E}urourbanism, {N}ew
{U}rbanism, and the implications for urban design in the {A}merican
metropolis},
year = 1997,
journal = {Journal of Urban Design},
volume = 2,
number = 1,
pages = {9--35},
keywords = {urban planning, history, urban design, new urbanism}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{SpaParZim98,
author = {Stefano Spaccapietra and Christine Parent and Esteban
Zim{\'a}nyi},
title = {Modeling time from a conceptual perspective},
booktitle = {Proceedings of International Conference on Information and
Knowledge Management},
year = 1998,
month = NOV,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {computer science, geographic information systems},
abstract = {
Although many temporal models have been proposed in the literature,
there is still need for a conceptual model capturing the essential
semantics of time-varying information that is free of
implementation concerns. This paper first discusses important
criteria to be considered when assessing the ŇconceptualÓ
quality of a temporal model. Then, it presents the main
temporal features of MADS, a spatio-temporal conceptual model.
The focus is on identifying issues that are either open or
controversial, and discussing alternatives, if any. Finally, it
is shown how the model may be implemented on top of either
TSQL2 or a traditional, non-temporal data model.
}
}
@INCOLLECTION{SpaParVan00,
author = {Stefano Spaccapietra and Christine Parent and Christelle
Vangenot},
title = {{GIS} Databases: From Multiscale to MultiRepresentation},
editor = {B.Y.~Choueiry and T.~Walsh},
booktitle = {Abstraction, Reformulation and Approximation},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
series = {LNAI},
number = 1864,
year = 2000,
month = JUL,
url = {http://lbdsun.epfl.ch/e/publications/articles.pdf/SARA.pdf},
keywords = {computer science, geographic information systems},
abstract = {
Cartography is one of the major application areas using
geographical databases. Whether it is for the business of
producing paper maps for sale, or whether it is for displaying
maps on a screen to visualize the result of a query, we need
computer systems that know how to represent the same
geographical area at different scales. The concept of
multiscale database has become popular in the GIS domain as a
way to enforce consistency between representations and reduce
the global update load. Scaling, however, is just one of the
facets that may lead to keeping several representations for the
same real-world object. Viewpoint and classification are two
major abstractions in the design process that also generate
multiple representations. This paper investigates the generic
issues and solutions to achieve flexible support of multiple
representation in a GIS database.
}
}
@ARTICLE{SpiWeg96,
author = {Klaus Spiekermann and Michael Wegener},
title = {Trans-{E}uropean networks and unequal accessibility in
{E}urope},
journal = {European Journal of Regional Development},
year = 1996,
volume = 4,
pages = {35--42},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@TECHREPORT{SPUR98,
author = {SPUR},
title = {Reducing Housing Costs by Rethinking Parking Requirements},
year = 1998,
institution = {The {S}an {F}rancisco Planning and Urban Research
Association},
url = {http://www.spur.org/documents/spurhsgpkg.pdf},
keywords = {urban planning, equity, parking}
}
@PHDTHESIS{Sta03,
author = {Frederik C.~Stam},
title = {Why Butterflies Don't Leave: Locational Evolution of Evolving
Enterprises},
year = 2003,
school = {Proefschrift Universiteit Utrecht},
address = {Utrecht, The Netherlands},
status = {read},
url = {http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/dissertations/2003-0922-092752/inhoud.htm},
keywords = {demography of firms, firm behaviour, location choice}
}
@ARTICLE{SteMar01,
author = {Dominic Stead and Stephen Marshall},
title = {The Relationships between Urban Form and Travel Patterns: An
International Review and Evaluation},
year = 2001,
journal = {European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research},
volume = 1,
number = 2,
pages = {113--141},
url = {http://ejtir.tudelft.nl/issues/2001_02/pdf/2001_02_01.pdf},
annote = {
This looks like an excellent summary of other land use/transport
papers
},
keywords = { land use transport link }
}
@ARTICLE{SteHin04,
author = {Norm Steinman and Keith Hines},
title = {A Methodology to Assess Design Features for Pedestrian and
Bicyclist Crossings at Signalized Intersections},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1878,
doi = {10.3141/1878-06},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb/trb2004/TRB2004-002585.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{SteArmBaySteDelGiuGauGiuLavLevPucReiScoTarZup01,
author = {Les Sterman and David J.~Armijo and David Bayliss and Stephen
J.~{Del Giudice} and Helen E.~Gault and Genevieve Giuliano and Charles
A.~Lave and Herbert S.~Levinson and John R.~Pucher and Jack M.~Reilly and
Beverly A.~Scott and Joel A.~Tarr and Jeffrey M.~Zupan},
title = {Making Transit Work: Insight from {W}estern {E}urope,
{C}anada, and the {U}nited {S}tates},
year = 2001,
institution = {Transportation Research Board},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
type = {Special Report},
number = 257,
keywords = {transit, urban form, land use transport link, canada, history},
priority = 5,
quality = 5,
url = {http://trb.org/publications/sr/sr257.pdf},
annote = {
Some excellent insights into the reasons why transit ridership is
so low in the United States. A particularly interesting note
regards the historical growth in Europe and the US: European
cities have experienced relatively little growth during the age of
the automobile, which goes a long way towards explaining their
limited suburbanisation. The comparison between Canada and US is
more apt, since both have experienced similar growth levels during
the automobile age.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{Ste73,
author = {G.~Sternlieb},
title = {Housing development and municipal costs},
year = 1973,
institution = {Rutgers University Press, Centre for Urban Policy
Research},
address = {New Brunswick, NJ, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, finance}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Sti82,
author = {Sj.~Stienstra},
title = {The {W}inkelerf: improving environment for pedestrians in
shopping streets without banning all cars},
year = 1982,
booktitle = {PTRC Summer Annual Meeting},
publisher = {Warwick University},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{StiSim00,
author = {Ben Still and David C.~Simmonds},
title = {Parking Restraint Policy and Urban Vitality},
year = 2000,
journal = {Transport Reviews},
volume = 20,
number = 3,
pages = {291--316},
keywords = {urban planning, parking},
abstract = {
The aim of the paper is to examine whether parking restraint
policies may have impacts on the economic vitality of urban
centres. Literature from empirical, attitudinal and modelling
studies is reviewed within a structure based around a conceptual
framework of parking impacts. The search for relevant material was
undertaken both for the UK and overseas, but the discussion and
conclusions were related to the UK context. Original modelling was
undertaken and is reported here. This review found that as parking
restraint policies have not been previously implemented with
consistency or longevity, there is a lack of direct evidence, given
that land-use impacts typically involve a long-term response.
Furthermore, different methods of examining impacts have come to
very different conclusions. Attitudinal evidence suggests that
there is a high level of sensitivity to parking provision, whereas
aggregate statistical studies tend to find only a weak
relationship. The reasons underlying these differences are
discussed. Land-use/transport models show impacts if there is
sufficient change in generalized cost, although the spatial
distribution of impacts, and impacts by household or employment
disaggregation, vary considerably. Given the inconclusive nature of
the evidence to date, only tentative policy implications can be
drawn. Recommendations for further research are outlined, both for
empirical study and for model enhancements.
},
doi = {10.1080/014416400412823},
url = {http://www.etudes.ccip.fr/archrap/pdf99/lem9905a.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{StiBha03,
author = {Monique A.~Stinson and Chandra R.~Bhat},
title = {Commuter Bicyclist Route Choice: Analysis Using a Stated
Preference Survey},
year = 2003,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1828,
pages = {107--115},
abstract = {
The importance of factors affecting commuter bicyclists' route
choices was evaluated. Both route-level (e.g., travel time) and
link-level (e.g., pavement quality) factors are examined.
Empirical models are estimated using data from a stated
preference survey conducted via the Internet. The models
indicate that, for commuter bicyclists, travel time is the most
important factor in choosing a route. Presence of a bicycle
facility ( especially a bike lane or separate path), the level
of automobile traffic, pavement or riding surface quality, and
presence of a bicycle facility on a bridge are also very
important determinants. Furthermore, there are policy
implications of these results for bicycle facility planning.
},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{StiBha04,
author = {Monique A.~Stinson and Chandra R.~Bhat},
title = {Frequency of Bicycle Commuting: {I}nternet-Based Survey
Analysis},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1878,
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb/trb2004/TRB2004-001493.pdf}
}
@BOOK{Sto73,
author = {P.A.~Stone},
title = {The Structure, Size and Costs of Urban Settlements},
year = 1973,
series = {Economic and Social Studies},
volume = 28,
publisher = {National Institute of Economic and Social
Research/Cambridge University Press},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Sto93,
author = {P.R.~Stopher},
title = {Deficiencies of Travel-Forecasting Methods Relative to Mobile
Emissions},
year = 1993,
journal = {Journal of Transportation Engineering},
volume = 119,
number = 5,
keywords = {transport planning},
status = {read}
}
@ARTICLE{Sto1940,
author = {S.A.~Stouffer},
title = {Intervening opportunities: a theory relating mobility and
distance},
year = 1940,
journal = {American Sociological Review},
volume = 5,
number = 6,
pages = {845--867},
keywords = {spatial modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Str82,
author = {M.~Stringham},
title = {Travel Behavior Associated with Land Uses Adjacent to Rapid
Transit Stations},
year = 1982,
journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal},
volume = 52,
number = 4,
pages = {18--22},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, canada}
}
@ARTICLE{SumPasRasSie96,
author = {Heikki Summala and Eerao Pasanen and Mikki R{\"a}s{\"a}nen
and Jukka Siev{\"a}nen},
title = {Bicycle accidents and drivers' visual search at left and right
turns},
year = 1996,
journal = {Accident Analysis and Prevention},
volume = 28,
number = 2,
pages = {147--153},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle collisions}
}
@ARTICLE{SurShoWac84,
author = {M.~Surber and Donald C.~Shoup and Martin Wachs},
title = {Effects of Ending Employer-Paid Parking for Solo Drivers},
year = 1984,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 957,
keywords = {parking}
}
@TECHREPORT{Sve04,
author = {{\AA}se Svensson},
title = {{A}rterial {S}treets for People: Guidance for Planners and
Decision Makers when Reconstructing Arterial Streets},
year = 2004,
url = {http://www.tft.lth.se/guide/guidecompleng050921.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, urban planning, urban design, street design, streets},
institution = {ARTISTS Consortium},
address = {Malm{\"o}, Sweden}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Swy93,
author = {Erik Swyngedouw},
title = {Power plays: the politics of interlinking systems},
year = 1993,
booktitle = {Transport and Communications in the new {E}urope},
editor = {G.~Giannopoulos and A.~Gillespie},
publisher = {Hampton Press},
address = {Cresskill, NJ, USA},
keywords = {urban politics, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{SYTRAL84,
author = {{Syndicat des Transports en Commun de la Région Lyonnaise
(SYTRAL)}},
title = {L'Agglomération {L}yonnaise et les transports de personnes},
year = 1984,
institution = {SYTRAL},
address = {Lyon, France},
keywords = {data}
}
@TECHREPORT{T2000T99,
author = {{Transport 2000 Trust}},
title = {A Safer Journey to School: A Guide for School Communities},
year = 1999,
address = {London, UK},
institution = {{Transport 2000 Trust}},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Tal99,
author = {Emily Talen},
title = {Sense of community and neighborhood form: an assessment of the
social doctrine of {N}ew {U}rbanism},
year = 1999,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 36,
pages = {1361--1379},
keywords = {new urbanism, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{Tal00,
author = {Emily Talen},
title = {{N}ew {U}rbanism and the culture of criticism},
year = 2000,
journal = {Urban Geography},
volume = 21,
number = 4,
pages = {318--341},
keywords = {new urbanism, geography}
}
@ARTICLE{Tal02,
author = {Emily Talen},
title = {Help for Urban planning: the {T}ransect Strategy},
year = 2002,
journal = {Journal of Urban Design},
volume = 7,
number = 3,
pages = {293--312},
doi = {10.1080/1357480022000039349},
keywords = {urban design, new urbanism, urban planning}
}
@BOOK{Tal05,
author = {Emily Talen},
title = {{N}ew {U}rbanism and {A}merican Planning: The Conflict of
Cultures},
year = 2005,
month = JUL,
publisher = {Routledge},
keywords = {new urbanism, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{TalKna03,
author = {Emily Talen and Gerrit-Jan Knaap},
title = {Legalizing smart growth: an empirical study of land use
regulation in {I}llinois},
year = 2003,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 22,
pages = {345--359},
keywords = {urban planning, smart growth}
}
@ARTICLE{TayDav99,
author = {Dean B.~Taylor and W.~Jeffrey Davis},
title = {Review of Basic Research in Bicycle Traffic Science, Traffic
Operations, and Facility Design},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1674,
year = 1999,
pages = {102--110},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1674-014.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{TayMah96,
author = {Dean B.~Taylor and Hani S.~Mahmassani},
title = {Intermodal bicycle/transit mode choice: survey and nested
logit choice model},
year = 1996,
institution = {Center for Transportation Research, University of Texas
at Austin},
type = {Project},
number = {60056/465570},
address = {Austin, TX, USA},
keywords = {bicycle planning, intermodal, transit}
}
@ARTICLE{TayMah97,
author = {Dean B.~Taylor and Hani S.~Mahmassani},
title = {Analysis of stated preferences for intermodal bicycle-transit
interfaces},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1556,
pages = {86--95},
keywords = {bicycle planning, intermodal }
}
@ARTICLE{TayMah00,
author = {Dean B.~Taylor and Hani S.~Mahmassani},
title = {Coordinating Traffic Signals for Bicycle Progression},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1705,
year = 2000,
pages = {85--92},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1705-014.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Tea85,
author = {R.~Teal},
title = {Transit Service Contracting: Experiences and Issues},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1036,
year = 1985,
pages = {28--36},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, finance}
}
@ARTICLE{Tes01,
author = {L.~Tesfatsion},
title = {Introduction to the {CE} Special Issue on Agent-Based
Computational Economics},
journal = {Computational Economics},
volume = 18,
number = 1,
year = 2001,
month = OCT,
url = {http://www.econ.iastate.edu/tesfatsi/ceintro.pdf},
keywords = {spatial modelling, computer science}
}
@TECHREPORT{Tes02,
author = {L.~Tesfatsion},
title = {Agent-Based Computational Economics},
institution = {Iowa State University},
type = {Economics Working Paper},
number = 1,
year = 2002,
month = JUL,
url = {http://www.econ.iastate.edu/tesfatsi/acewp1.pdf},
keywords = {spatial modelling, computer science}
}
@INCOLLECTION{TheClaVil99,
author = {Marius Th{\'e}riault and Christophe Claramunt and
P.~Villeneuve},
title = {A spatio-temporal taxonomy for the representation of
spatial set behaviours},
booktitle = {Spatio-temporal Database Management},
editor = {M.~B{\"o}hlen and C.~Jensen and M.~Scholl},
year = 1999,
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
series = {LNCS},
number = 1678,
pages = {1--19},
keywords = {computer science, geographic information systems, ilute},
url = {http://www.ecole-navale.fr/fr/irenav/cv/claramunt/STDBM99.zip}
}
@ARTICLE{ThoCla92,
author = {R.G.~Thom and A.M.~Clayton},
title = {Low-Cost Opportunities for Making Cities Bicycle-friendly
based on a Case Study analysis of cyclists' Behaviour and
Accidents},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1372,
year = 1992,
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Tho97,
author = {M.~Thomas},
title = {Copenhagen City of Cyclists},
year = 1997,
institution = {Municipality of Copenhagen},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{Tho77,
author = {J.M.~Thomson},
title = {Great Cities and Their Traffic},
year = 1977,
publisher = {Penguin},
address = {Harmondsworth, UK},
keywords = {transit, transport planning},
annote = {Apparently he claims that a city center cannot grow much
beyond 120\,000 jobs based around automobile acccess (Newman and
Kenworthy).}
}
@TECHREPORT{TLSM05,
author = {{Transport for London Street Management}},
title = {London Cycling Design Standards},
year = 2005,
month = JUN,
institution = {Transport for London},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.tfl.gov.uk/cycles/company/standards.shtml}
}
@BOOK{Tol03,
editor = {Rodney Tolley},
title = {The greening of urban transportation: planning for walking and
cycling in {W}estern cities},
year = 2003,
publisher = {Woodhead Publishers},
edition = {3rd},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
keywords = {transport planning, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning}
}
@ARTICLE{TolGoo01,
author = {Rodney Tolley and Rachel Goodman},
title = {Sustainable transport: prospects for walking and cycling in
{G}reat {B}ritain},
year = 2001,
journal = {Geography},
volume = 86,
number = 1,
pages = {84--88},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning}
}
@ARTICLE{TolLum01,
author = {Rodney Tolley and Les Lumsdon},
title = {The {N}ational {C}ycle {S}trategy in the {UK}: to what extent have
local authorities adopted its model strategy approach?},
year = 2001,
journal = {Journal of Transport Geography},
volume = 9,
pages = {293--301},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{TolLumBic01,
author = {Rodney Tolley and Les Lumsdon and Karen Bickerstaff},
title = {The future of walking in {E}urope: a {D}elphi project to identify
expert opinion on future walking scenarios},
year = 2001,
month = OCT,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 8,
number = 4,
pages = {307--315},
keywords = {pedestrian planning},
doi = {10.1016/S0967-070X(01)00026-9}
}
@BOOK{TolTur95,
author = {Rodney Tolley and B.~Turton},
title = {Transport Systems, Policy and Planning},
publisher = {Wiley},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
year = 1995,
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@BOOK{Tom97,
author = {Ray Tomalty},
title = {The compact metropolis: Growth management and intensification
in {V}ancouver, {T}oronto, and {M}ontreal},
year = 1997,
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
publisher = {ICANN Publications},
keywords = {urban planning, canada, smart growth}
}
@ARTICLE{Top91,
author = {Hartmutt H.~Topp},
title = {Parking policies in large cities in {G}ermany},
year = 1991,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 18,
pages = {3--21},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Top93,
author = {Hartmutt H.~Topp},
title = {Parking policies to reduce car use in {G}erman cities},
year = 1993,
journal = {Transport Reviews},
volume = 13,
pages = {83--95},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{TopPha94,
author = {H.~Topp and T.~Pharoah},
title = {Car-free City Centers},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 21,
pages = {231--247},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Tor01,
author = {P.M.~Torrens},
title = {Can geocomputation save urban simulation? {T}hrow some agents in
the mixture, simmer, and wait...},
year = 2001,
type = {Working Paper},
number = {32},
institution = {Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College
London},
keywords = {transport modelling, computer science}
}
@BOOK{Tra03b,
author = {Kevin Train},
title = {Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation},
year = 2003,
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
url = {http://elsa.berkeley.edu/books/choice2.html},
keywords = {discrete choice modelling}
}
@TECHREPORT{TraCF99,
author = {TransLink and {Canadian Facts}},
title = {Regional Travel Survey: {GVRD} Residents Age 16+},
number = {R0500/R0838},
year = 1999,
institution = {TransLink},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
url = {http://www.translink.bc.ca/files/polls_surveys/regtravel.pdf},
keywords = {canada, data, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{TC78,
author = {{Transport Canada}},
title = {The Effects of the Imposition of Parking Charges on Urban
Travel in {C}anada},
year = 1978,
type = {Summary Report},
number = {TP-291},
institution = {Transport Canada},
address = {Ottawa, ON, Canada},
keywords = {parking, canada}
}
@TECHREPORT{TRB95,
author = {{Transportation Research Board}},
title = {Expanding Metropolitan Highways: Implications for Air
Quality and Energy Use},
institution = {Transportation Research Board},
year = 1995,
type = {Special Report},
number = 245,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Tro92,
author = {P.N.~Troy},
title = {Let's look at that again},
year = 1992,
journal = {Urban Policy and Research},
volume = 10,
number = 1,
pages = {41--49},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@BOOK{Tro96,
author = {P.N.~Troy},
title = {The perils of urban consolidation},
year = 1996,
publisher = {The Federation Press},
address = {Leichardt, Sydney, Australia},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Tsa01,
author = {D.A.~Tsamboulaspos},
title = {Parking fare thresholds: a policy tool},
year = 2001,
month = APR,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 8,
number = 2,
pages = {115--124},
keywords = {parking}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Tsc88,
author = {J.~Tschopp},
title = {Bike and ride and the introduction of the green reduction
card: {B}asle, a success story in stimulating use of public
transport and the bike},
year = 1988,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo-City 1987},
address = {Groningen, The Netherlands},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Tsc91,
author = {J.~Tschopp},
title = {Massnahmen f{\"u}r den {V}eloverkehr, {H}erzogenbuchsee},
year = 1991,
address = {Basel, Switzerland},
institution = {Verkehrs-{C}lub der {S}chweiz (VCS)},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{TunPus63,
author = {C.~Tunnard and Boris Pushkarev},
title = {Man-made {A}merica: Chaos or Control?},
year = 1963,
publisher = {Yale University Press},
address = {New Haven, CI, USA},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{TurGriKwa96,
author = {Jeff Turner and Margaret Grieco and E.A.~Kwakye},
title = {Subverting Sustainability? Infrastructural and cultural
barriers to cycle use in {A}ccra},
year = 1996,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 2,
number = 3,
keywords = {bicycle planning, sociology},
pages = {18--23},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp02.3.pdf}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{TurSimGre04,
author = {Patricia A.~Turner and Chris Simek and Michael B.~Greenman},
title = {Exploring Collision Exposure for Bicyclists and Pedestrians in
Florida},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 84th meeting of the Transportation
Research Board},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb/trb2004/TRB2004-002661.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{UlbEtcWhi92,
author = {Cy Ulberg and Graciela Etchart and Bethany Whitaker},
title = {Local Option Commercial Parking Tax Analysis},
year = 1992,
month = JAN,
institution = {University of Washington, Washington State
Transportation Center (TRAC)},
address = {Seattle, WA, USA},
keywords = {parking},
url = {http://www.landcentre.ca/lcframedoc.cfm?ID=1466}
}
@BOOK{ULINPA00,
author = {{Urban Land Institute} and {National Parking Association}},
title = {The Dimensions of Parking},
edition = {4th},
publisher = {The Urban Land Institute},
year = 2000,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {parking},
rating = 1
}
@TECHREPORT{UNECE68b,
author = {{United Nations Economic Commission for Europe}},
title = {Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals},
year = 1968,
month = NOV,
institution = {United Nations},
url = {http://www.unece.org/trans/conventn/signalse.pdf},
keywords = {law, bicycle planning}
}
@BOOK{Unt84,
author = {Richard K.~Untermann},
title = {Accommodating the Pedestrian: Adapting towns and neighborhoods
for Walking and Bicycling},
year = 1984,
publisher = {Von Nostrand Reinhold},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, bicycle planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Unt87,
author = {Richard K.~Untermann},
title = {Can we pedestrianize the suburb?},
year = 1987,
editor = {Anne V.~Moudon},
booktitle = {Public Streets for Public Use},
publisher = {Van Nostrand Reinhold},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
chapter = 8,
pages = {123--131},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, streets}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Unt87b,
author = {Richard K.~Untermann},
title = {Changing design standards for streets and roads},
year = 1987,
editor = {Anne V.~Moudon},
booktitle = {Public Streets for Public Use},
publisher = {Van Nostrand Reinhold},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
chapter = 19,
pages = {255--260},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, streets}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Unt90,
author = {Richard K.~Untermann},
title = {Accomodating the pedestrian: adapting towns and neighborhoods
for walking and bicycling},
year = 1990,
booktitle = {Personal Travel in the {US}, Volume {II}, A Report of the
Findings from 1983--1984 NPTS, Source Control Programs},
publisher = {U.S. Department of Transportation},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, bicycle planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{UTJPT03,
author = {{U}niversity of {T}oronto
{J}oint {P}rogram in {T}ransportation
{D}ata {M}anagement {G}roup},
title = {2001 Transportation Tomorrow Survey},
year = 2003,
institution = {University of Toronto},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
url = {http://www.jpint.utoronto.ca/dmg},
annote = {
There are many parts to this document on the JPinT DMG website.
Full data is available through their Internet Data Retrieval
System (iDRS).
},
keywords = {canada, data}
}
@BOOK{vandenBerDreKla82,
editor = {van den Berg, L. and R.~Drewett and L.~Klaassen},
title = {Urban {E}urope: A Study in Growth and Decline},
year = 1982,
publisher = {Pergamon},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {geography, urban planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{vandenBerKla87,
author = {van den Berg, L. and L.~Klaassen},
title = {The contagiousness of urban decline},
editor = {van den Berg, L. and L.~Burns and L.~Klaassen},
booktitle = {Spatial Cycles},
year = 1987,
pages = {84--99},
publisher = {Gower},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {geography, urban planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{vanOorvanderKna99,
author = {van Oort, Frank and van der Knaap, Bert},
title = {New Firm Formation, Employment Growth and the Local
Environment: Empirical Observations in {S}outh {H}olland},
year = 1999,
chapter = 8,
booktitle = {Demography of Firms: Spatial Dynamics of Firm Behaviour},
editor = {van Dijk, Jouke and Piet H.~Pellenbarg},
publisher = {Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap/Netherlands Geographical Studies},
volume = 262,
address = {Utrecht/Groningen, The Netherlands},
issn = {0169-4839},
pages = {173--203},
keywords = {firm behaviour, demography of firms}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{vanWaeBorTim04,
author = {van der Waerden, Peter and Aloys Borgers and Harry J.P.~Timmermans},
title = {Cyclists' Perception and Evaluation of Street
Characteristics},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 84th meeting of the Transportation
Research Board},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb/trb2004/TRB2004-000164.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{vanWaeTimBor02,
author = {van der Waerden, Peter and Harry J.P.~Timmermans and Aloys Borgers},
title = {{PAMELA}: Parking Analysis Model for Predicting Effects in
Local Areas},
year = 2002,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1781,
doi = {10.3141/1781-02},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{vanWeevanderHor96,
author = {van Wee, B. and van der Horne, T.},
title = {Employment Location as an Instrument for Transport Policy in
the {N}etherlands},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 3,
number = 3,
pages = {81--89},
keywords = {urban planning, location choice, transport planning, firm behaviour},
annote = { Dutch ABC system. }
}
@TECHREPORT{Van64,
author = {J.~Vance},
title = {Geography and Urban Evolution in the {S}an {F}rancisco {B}ay
{A}rea},
year = 1964,
institution = {Institute of Governmental Studies, University of
California},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, history, geography}
}
@TECHREPORT{VBV93,
author = {Voetgangersvereniging},
title = {Wegwijzer voetgangersvoorzieningen (Manual for pedestrian
facilities)},
year = 1993,
institution = {VBV},
address = {Den Haag (The Hague), The Netherlands},
keywords = {pedestrian planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{VCO93,
author = {{Verkehrsclub {\"O}sterreich}},
title = {Vorrang f{\"u}r {F}ussg{\"a}nger},
year = 1993,
institution = {VC{\"O}},
publisher = {Wissenschaft \& Verkehr},
number = 1,
address = {M{\"o}dling, Austria},
keywords = {pedestrian planning}
}
@ARTICLE{VelKapTim00,
author = {K.J.~Veldhuisen and L.L.~Kapoen and Harry J.P.~Timmermans},
title = {{RAMBLAS}: a regional planning model based on the
micro-simulation of daily activity patterns},
year = 2000,
journal = {Environment and Planning A},
volume = 31,
pages = {427--443},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{VerNijRie96,
author = {Erik Verhoef and Peter Nijkamp and Piet Rietvald},
title = {Regulatory parking policies at the firm level},
year = 1996,
journal = {Environment and Planning C},
volume = 14,
number = 3,
pages = {385--406},
keywords = { parking },
abstract = {
This paper is focused on the intersection of two main
policy 'tracks' followed in the Netherlands for the containment of
road transport externalities: transport plans at the firm
level, and regulatory parking policies. In this paper an
applied modelling approach is taken, and the aim is to identify
the relative importance of factors that are decisive for the
viability of an individual firm's parking policies. The
outcomes of an empirical survey conducted at the corporate
level of the Free University in Amsterdam are used to discuss
the social feasibility of regulatory parking policies conducted
at the firm level (in terms of the employees' attitudes) and
the effectiveness of such policies. Insight is provided into
relevant backgrounds and obstacles serving to affect employees'
commuting behaviour and that are likely to be encountered in
the formulation of regulatory transport policies at the firm
level. Moreover, the outcomes of this research may be relevant
for the evaluation of regulatory parking policies at larger
spatial scales (for example, neighbourhood parking schemes).
}
}
@ARTICLE{Vin96,
author = {P.~Vintila},
title = {Planning for accessible public transport: Recent {A}ustralian
experience and its lessons for {N}ew {Z}ealand},
year = 1996,
journal = {New Zealand Journal of Disabilities},
volume = 2,
pages = {93--114},
keywords = {transit}
}
@TECHREPORT{VinPhiNew92,
author = {P.~Vintila and J.~Phillimore and Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Markets, morals and manifestos: Fightback! and the politics of
economic rationalism in the 1990s},
year = 1992,
institution = {Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch
University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {urban politics}
}
@ARTICLE{VoaWil01,
author = {David Voas and Paul Williamson},
title = {Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Measures for Synthetic Microdata},
journal = {Geographical and Environmental Modelling},
volume = 5,
number = 2,
pages = {177--200},
year = 2001,
keywords = {population synthesis}
}
@ARTICLE{Voi93,
author = {R.~Voith},
title = {Changing capitalization of {CBD}-oriented transprotation
systems: evidence from {P}hiladelphia},
year = 1993,
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
volume = 33,
pages = {361--376},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@BOOK{vonWeiLovLov97,
author = {von Weis{\"a}cker, E. and A.~Lovins and L.~Lovins},
title = {Factor Four: Doubling Wealth, Halving Resource Use},
year = 1997,
address = {London, UK},
publisher = {Earthscan Publications},
keywords = {energy}
}
@ARTICLE{VovPetDon02,
author = {P.~Vovsha and E.~Peterson and R.~Donnelly},
title = {Micro-simulation in travel demand modeling: lessons learned
from {N}ew {Y}ork `best practices' model},
year = 2002,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1805,
doi = {10.3141/1805-09},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@TECHREPORT{VQ01,
author = {{V{\'e}lo Qu{\'e}bec}},
title = {L'état du v{\'e}lo au {Q}u{'e}bec en 2000 ({B}icycling in
{Q}uebec in 2000)},
year = 2001,
month = OCT,
institution = {V{\'e}lo Qu{\'e}bec},
address = {Montreal, QC, Canada},
url = {http://www.velo.qc.ca/velo_quebec/Documents/etat_velo/Etat-velo-2000.pdf},
keywords = { bicycle planning, canada }
}
@TECHREPORT{VQ01b,
author = {{V{\'e}lo Qu{\'e}bec}},
title = {Bicycling in {Q}uebec in 2000},
year = 2001,
month = OCT,
institution = {V{\'e}lo Qu{\'e}bec},
address = {Montreal, QC, Canada},
url = {http://www.velo.qc.ca/velo_quebec/Documents/etat_velo/bicycling-quebec-2000.pdf},
keywords = { bicycle planning, canada }
}
@TECHREPORT{VQ04,
author = {{V{\'e}lo Qu{\'e}bec}},
title = {Le v{\'e}lo au centre-ville: le cas de dix villes in {E}urope
et en {A}m{\'e}rique},
year = 2004,
month = MAR,
institution = {V{\'e}lo Qu{\'e}bec},
address = {Montreal, QC, Canada},
url = {http://www.velo.qc.ca/velo_quebec/Documents/exp_etrangeres.pdf},
keywords = { bicycle planning, canada }
}
@BOOK{Vuc81,
author = {Vukan R.~Vuchic},
title = {Urban public transportation: systems and technology},
year = 1981,
publisher = {Prentice Hall},
address = {Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Wac89b,
author = {Martin Wachs},
title = {{U.S.} transit subsidy policy: In need of reform},
year = 1989,
journal = {Science},
volume = 244,
pages = {1545--1549},
keywords = {equity, transit}
}
@ARTICLE{Wac91,
author = {Martin Wachs},
title = {Policy Implications of Recent Behavioral Research in Transportation Demand Management},
year = 1991,
journal = {Journal of Planning Literature},
volume = 5,
number = 4,
pages = {333--341},
keywords = {transportation demand management, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Wac93,
author = {Martin Wachs},
title = {Learning from {L}os {A}ngeles: Transport, Urban Form, and Air
Quality},
year = 1993,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 20,
number = 14,
pages = {329--359},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{Wac98,
author = {Martin Wachs},
title = {Creating political pressure for cycling},
year = 1998,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 52,
number = 1,
pages = {6--8},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{WacTayLevOng93,
author = {Martin Wachs and B.D.~Taylor and N.~Levine and P.~Ong},
title = {The changing commute: a case-study of the jobs-housing
relationship over time},
year = 1993,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 30,
pages = {1711--1729},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{WacLew94,
author = {Alan Wachtel and D.~Lewiston},
title = {Risk Factors for Bicycle-Motor Vehicle Collisions at
Intersections},
year = 1994,
journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal},
volume = 64,
number = 9,
pages = {30--35},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle collisions}
}
@ARTICLE{WacForPel95,
author = {Alan Wachtel and John Forester and D.~Pelz},
title = {Signal clearance timing for bicyclists},
year = 1995,
journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal},
volume = 65,
number = 3,
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Wad98,
author = {Paul Waddell},
title = {An Urban Simulation Model for Integrated Policy Analysis and
Planning: Residential Location and Housing Market Components of
{U}rban{S}im},
year = 1998,
month = JUL,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th World Conference on Transport
Research},
address = {Antwerp, Belgium},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{WadNou02,
author = {Paul Waddell and Firouzeh Nourzad},
title = {Incorporating Non-motorized Mode and Neighborhood
Accessibility in a Land Use and Transportation Model System},
year = 2002,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = {1805},
doi = {10.3141/1805-14},
annote = {
Some strange assumptions: a priori assumption that households prefer
lower density; no room for changes in number of automobiles!
},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{WadBorNotFreBecUlf03,
author = {Paul Waddell and Alan Borning and Michael Noth and Nathan
Freier and Michael Becke and Gudmundur F.~Ulfarsson},
title = {Microsimulation of Urban Development and Location Choices:
Design and Implementation of {U}rban{S}im},
year = 2003,
journal = {Networks and Spatial Economics},
volume = 3,
number = 1,
pages = {43--67},
keywords = {urban economics, spatial modelling, transport modelling}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{WadFai02,
author = {Lal C.~Wadhwa and Matthew Faichney},
title = {Enhancing safety for cyclists through infrastructure design},
year = 2002,
month = OCT,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th Australasian Transport Research
Forum},
address = {Canberra, Australia},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.atrf.info/papers/2002/47Wadhwa.pdf}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{WadUlf03b,
author = {Paul Waddell and Gudmundur F.~Ulfarsson},
title = {Accessibility and Agglomeration: Discrete-Choice Models of
Employment Location by Industry Sector},
year = 2003,
booktitle = {Presented at the 2003 Meeting of the
Transportation Research Board},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {land use transport link, location choice, firm behaviour}
}
@TECHREPORT{Wal77,
author = {J.A.~Waldman},
title = {Cycling in Towns: A Quantitative Investigation},
year = 1977,
type = {LTR 1 Working Paper},
number = 3,
institution = {Department of Transport},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Wal07,
author = {Ian Walker},
title = {Drivers overtaking bicyclists: Objective data on the effects
of riding position, helmet use, vehicle type and apparent gender},
year = 2007,
month = MAR,
journal = {Accident Analysis and Prevention},
volume = 39,
number = 2,
pages = {417--425},
keywords = {bicycle collisions, bicycle planning},
doi = {10.1016/j.aap.2006.08.010},
abstract = {
A naturalistic experiment used an instrumented bicycle to gather
proximity data from overtaking motorists. The relationship between
rider position and overtaking proximity was the opposite to that
generally believed, such that the further the rider was from the
edge of the road, the closer vehicles passed. Additionally, wearing
a bicycle helmet led to traffic getting significantly closer when
overtaking. Professional drivers of large vehicles were
particularly likely to leave narrow safety margins. Finally, when
the (male) experimenter wore a long wig, so that he appeared female
from behind, drivers left more space when passing. Overall, the
results demonstrate that motorists exhibit behavioural sensitivity
to aspects of a bicyclist's appearance during an encounter. In the
light of previous research on drivers\u2019 attitudes to
bicyclists, we suggest drivers approaching a bicyclist use physical
appearance to judge the specific likelihood of the rider behaving
predictably and alter their overtaking accordingly. However, the
extent to which a bicyclist's moment-to-moment behaviour can be
inferred from their appearance is questionable, and so the tendency
for drivers to alter their passing proximity based on this
appearance probably has implications for accident probability.
}
}
@ARTICLE{WalEwiSch00,
author = {G.~Walters and Reid Ewing and W.~Schroeer},
title = {Adjusting computer modeling tools to capture effects of smart
growth, or poking at the project like a lab rat},
year = 2000,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1722,
pages = {17--26},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{WanWei93,
author = {J.~Wang and H.~Wei},
title = {Traffic Segregation on Spatial and Temporal Bases: The
Experience of Bicycle Traffic Operations in {C}hina},
year = 1993,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1396,
pages = {11--17},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle segregation}
}
@ARTICLE{War91b,
author = {Mark Wardman},
title = {Stated Preference Surveys and travel demand forecasting: an
examination of the scale factor problem},
year = 1991,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 25,
pages = {79--89},
keywords = { transport modelling }
}
@ARTICLE{War04,
author = {Mark Wardman},
title = {Public transport values of time},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 11,
pages = {363--377},
keywords = { transport modelling, transit modelling }
}
@ARTICLE{WarHatPag97,
author = {Mark Wardman and R.~Hatfield and Matthew Page},
title = {The {UK} National Cycling Strategy: Can Improved Facilities
Meet the Targets?},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 4,
number = 2,
pages = {123--133},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{WarPagTig01,
author = {Mark Wardman and Matthew Page and Miles Tight},
title = {Cycling and Urban Mode Choice},
year = 2001,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th World Conference on Transport
Research},
address = {Seoul, Korea},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{War95,
author = {B.~Warf},
title = {Separated at birth? Regional science and social theory},
year = 1995,
journal = {International Regional Science Review},
volume = 18,
number = 2,
pages = {185--194},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling}
}
@BOOK{War62,
author = {S.B.~Warner},
title = {Streetcar Suburbs},
publisher = {Harvard University Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
year = 1962,
keywords = {history, transport planning, urban planning, transit}
}
@ARTICLE{War91,
author = {Tony Warnes},
title = {Cities and Automobiles: A Sourcebook},
type = {Book Review},
journal = {Urban Studies},
year = 1991,
volume = 28,
number = 2,
pages = {289--290},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{WB02,
author = {{World Bank}},
title = {Cities on the Move: A {W}orld {B}ank Urban Transport Strategy
Review},
year = 2002,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
institution = {World Bank},
keywords = {transport planning, finance, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{WeaLev90,
author = {Robert Weant and Henry Levinson},
title = {Parking},
year = 1990,
institution = {Eno Foundation for Transportation},
address = {Westport, CT, USA},
keywords = {parking}
}
@TECHREPORT{WebMac96,
author = {D.C.~Webster and A.M.~Mackie},
title = {Review of Traffic Calming Schemes in 20mph zones},
year = 1996,
type = {TRL Report},
number = 215,
institution = {Transport Research Laboratory},
address = {Crowthorne, UK},
keywords = {traffic calming}
}
@ARTICLE{Web76,
author = {M.~Webber},
title = {The {BART} Experience: What Have We Learned?},
year = 1976,
journal = {Public Interest},
volume = 12,
number = 3,
pages = {76--108},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Web94,
author = {M.~Webber},
title = {The Marriage of Autos \& Transit: How to Make Transit Popular
Again},
year = 1994,
journal = {Access Magazine},
volume = 5,
pages = 31,
keywords = {transit},
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/access.pl?access5.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{Weg83,
author = {Michael Wegener},
title = {The {D}ortmund Housing Market Model: A {M}onte {C}arlo Simulation
of a Regional Housing Market},
year = 1983,
institution = {Institut f{\"u}r Raumplanung, University of Dortmund},
type = {Arbeitspapier},
number = {7},
keywords = {urban economics, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Weg94,
author = {Michael Wegener},
title = {Operational urban models: state of the art},
year = 1994,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 60,
number = 1,
pages = {17--29},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Weg95,
author = {Michael Wegener},
title = {Current and Future Land Use Models},
year = 1995,
booktitle = {Travel Model Improvement Program Land Use Modeling
Conference Proceedings},
editor = {G.A. Shunk et al.},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
publisher = {Travel Mode Improvement Program},
pages = {13--40},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Weg98,
author = {Michael Wegener},
title = {Applied models of urban land use, transport and environment:
state-of-the-art and future developments},
year = 1998,
booktitle = {Network Infrastructure and the Urban Environment: Recent
Advances in Land use/Transportation Modelling},
editor = {L.~Lundqvist and L.-G.~Mattsson and T.J.~Kim},
publisher = {Springer Verlag},
address = {Berlin, Germany},
pages = {245--267},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{Weg01,
author = {Michael Wegener},
title = {New spatial planning models},
year = 2001,
journal = {International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and
Geoinformation},
volume = 3,
number = 3,
pages = {224--237},
keywords = {spatial modelling, transport modelling}
}
@INCOLLECTION{WegSpi96,
author = {Michael Wegener and Klaus Spiekermann},
title = {The potential of microsimulation for urban models},
editor = {Graham P.~Clarke},
booktitle = {Microsimulation for Urban and Regional Policy Analysis},
year = 1996,
publisher = {Pion},
address = {London, UK},
series = {European Research in Regional Science},
volume = 6,
pages = {146--163},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{WegSpi96b,
author = {Michael Wegener and Klaus Spiekermann},
title = {Efficient, equitable and ecological urban structures},
editor = {D.A.~Hensher and J.~King},
year = 1996,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th World Conference on Transport
Research},
volume = 2,
publisher = {Pergamon},
address = {Oxford, UK},
keywords = {transport modelling, equity}
}
@TECHREPORT{WegFur99,
author = {Michael Wegener and F.~F{\"u}rst},
title = {Land-Use Transport Interaction: State of the Art},
year = 1999,
type = {{TRANSLAND} Integration of Transport and Land Use Planning
Deliverable},
number = {D2a},
institution = {University of Dortmund},
address = {Dortmund, Germany},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{WeiDea99,
author = {Asha Weinstein and Elizabeth Deakin},
title = {How local jurisdictions finance traffic calming projects},
year = 1999,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 53,
number = 3,
pages = {75--87},
keywords = {transport planning, finance, traffic calming}
}
@ARTICLE{Wei99,
author = {J.~Weitz},
title = {From quiet revolution to {S}mart {G}rowth: State growth
management programs, 1960 to 1999},
year = 1999,
journal = {Journal of Planning Literature},
volume = 14,
pages = {267--338},
keywords = {smart growth, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{WeiMoo98,
author = {J.~Weitz and Terry Moore},
title = {Development inside urban growth boundaries: {O}regon's
empirical evidence of contiguous urban form},
year = 1998,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 64,
number = 4,
pages = {424--440},
keywords = {urban form, urban growth boundary}
}
@TECHREPORT{Wel91,
author = {A.G.~Welleman},
title = {The {N}etherlands National Cycling Policy and Facilities for
Cyclists at Signalled Junctions},
year = 1991,
month = MAY,
type = {paper given to meeting},
institution = {The Local Authorities Cycle Planning Group},
address = {York, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Wes96,
author = {Ralph L.~Wessels},
title = {Bicycling Collisions in {W}ashington State: A six-year
perspective, 1988--1993},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1538,
pages = {81--90},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle collisions},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1538-011.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{WeyLin97,
author = {Paul Weyrich and William Lind},
title = {Conservatives and Mass Transit: Is it Time for a New Look?},
year = 1997,
institution = {The Free Congress Foundation},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Whe93,
author = {William C.~Wheaton},
title = {Land capitalization, {T}iebout mobility and the role of zoning
regulations},
year = 1993,
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
volume = 34,
pages = {102--117},
keywords = {urban planning, zoning, urban economics, equity}
}
@TECHREPORT{Whe92,
author = {A.H.~Wheeler},
title = {{A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines for cyclists at {O}xford, {N}ewark
and {B}ristol},
year = 1992,
institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited},
address = {Crawthorne, UK},
type = {Research Report},
number = {RR336},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box}
}
@ARTICLE{Whe95,
author = {A.H.~Wheeler},
title = {{A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines for cyclists: A simplified layout},
year = 1995,
month = MAY,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 36,
number = 5,
pages = {283--289},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box}
}
@ARTICLE{WheLeiUnd93,
author = {A.H.~Wheeler and M.A.A.~Leicester and G.~Underwood},
title = {{A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines for cyclists at {O}xford, {N}ewark and
{B}ristol},
year = 1993,
month = FEB,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 34,
number = 2,
pages = {54--60},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box}
}
@BOOK{Whi93,
author = {J.~Whitelegg},
title = {Transport for a Sustainable Future: The Case for {E}urope},
year = 1993,
publisher = {Belhaven Press},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{Why58,
author = {William H.~Whyte},
title = {Urban Sprawl},
year = 1958,
month = JAN,
pages = {103--111, 194, 198},
journal = {Fortune},
keywords = {urban planning, history}
}
@BOOK{Why80,
author = {William H.~Whyte},
title = {The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces},
year = 1980,
publisher = {The Conservation Foundation},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, sociology}
}
@BOOK{Why88,
author = {William H.~Whyte},
title = {City: Discovering the Center},
year = 1988,
publisher = {Anchor},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban form, urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{Wie74,
author = {R.~Wiedemann},
title = {Simulation des Verkehrsflusses Schriftenreihe des Instituts
f{\"u}r Verkehrswesen},
year = 1974,
type = {Heft},
number = 6,
institution = {Universit{\"a}t (TH) Karlsruhe},
keywords = {transport modelling},
annote = { Behavioural model for drivers (and bicyclists?) used by
VISSIM simulator }
}
@PHDTHESIS{Wie74b,
author = {R.~Wiedemann},
title = {Microscopic Traffic Simulation: The Simulation System
Mission},
year = {1970s},
school = {Universit{\"a}t (TH) Karlsruhe},
url = {http://www.itc-world.com/docs/1970s Wiedemann VISSIM car following.pdf},
keywords = {transport modelling},
annote = { Behavioural model for drivers (and bicyclists?) used by
VISSIM simulator }
}
@ARTICLE{WilLar96,
author = {James Williams and Jan Larson},
title = {Promoting Bicycle Commuting: Understanding the Customer},
year = 1996,
month = {Summer},
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 50,
number = 3,
pages = {67--78},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Wil02,
author = {Paul Williamson},
title = {Synthetic microdata},
year = 2002,
chapter = 17,
pages = {231--241},
editor = {Rees and Martin and Williamson},
booktitle = {The Census Data System},
publisher = {Wiley},
address = {Chichester, UK},
keywords = {population synthesis}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Wil03,
author = {Paul Williamson},
title = {Confidentiality and Anonymised Survey Records: The {UK}
Experience},
year = 2003,
month = DEC,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Microsimulation
Conference on Population, Ageing and Health: Modelling Our Future},
address = {Canberra, Australia},
url = {http://www.natsem.canberra.edu.au/conference2003/papers/pdf/williamson_paul-1.pdf},
keywords = {population synthesis},
annote = {
An interesting discussion of ``record-level risk'' in microdata
samples, and statistics agencies' response (perturbation, etc. of
data). Notes an important disadvantage of IPF: cannot fully take
advantage of crosstabs that include undesired attributes that may be
correlated with desired attributes.
}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Wil03b,
author = {Paul Williamson},
title = {Synthetic Small-Area Microdata: An Evaluation},
year = 2003,
month = DEC,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Microsimulation
Conference on Population, Ageing and Health: Modelling Our Future},
address = {Canberra, Australia},
url = {http://www.natsem.canberra.edu.au/conference2003/papers/pdf/williamson_paul-2.pdf},
keywords = {population synthesis}
}
@MISC{WilXX,
author = {Paul Williamson},
title = {{L}en {C}ook: Hero or Zero of the 2001 Census? A Look at the
impact of disclosure control on aggregate census outputs},
type = {Presentation},
url = {http://pcwww.liv.ac.uk/~william/SDC/SDC_BSPS_PW.ppt}
}
@TECHREPORT{Wil05b,
author = {Paul Williamson},
title = {Estimating Cell Adjustment Confidence Intervals},
year = 2005,
month = JAN,
type = {Working Paper},
number = {2005/1},
institution = {University of Liverpool, Department of Geography,
Population Microdata Unit},
url = {http://pcwww.liv.ac.uk/~william/SDC/Estimating\%20Cell\%20Adjustment\%20Confidence\%20Intervals.pdf}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Wil06,
author = {Paul Williamson},
title = {The Estimation of Unknown Multiway Distributions: to {IPF} or
to Reweight, That is the Question?},
year = 2006,
month = JUN,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Population
Geographies Conference},
address = {Liverpool, UK},
url = {http://www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/groups/pgrg/docs/conf2006/TIPG_Presentations/Session_13/Williamson.ppt},
keywords = {population synthesis}
}
@ARTICLE{Wil88,
author = {Richard W.~Willson},
title = {Parking Subsidies and the Drive-Alone Commuter: New Evidence
and Implications},
year = 1988,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1181,
keywords = {transport planning, parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Wil92,
author = {Richard W.~Willson},
title = {Estimating the Travel and Parking Effects of Employer-Paid
Parking},
year = 1992,
journal = {Regional Science and Urban Economics},
volume = 22,
pages = {133--145},
keywords = {parking}
}
@TECHREPORT{Wil92b,
author = {Richard W.~Willson},
title = {Suburban Parking Economics and Policy: Case Studies of Office
Worksites in {S}outhern {C}alifornia},
year = 1992,
number = {FTA-CA-11-0036-92-1},
institution = {U.S.~Department of Transportation},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {parking}
}
@TECHREPORT{Wil05,
author = {Richard W.~Willson},
title = {Replacement Parking for Joint Development: An Access Policy
Methodology},
year = 2005,
month = APR,
institution = {San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit, Departments of
Planning and Real Estate},
address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{WilSho90,
author = {Richard W.~Willson and Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {Parking Subsidies and Travel Choices: Assessing the Evidence},
year = 1990,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 17,
pages = {141--157},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{Wil67,
author = {A.G.~Wilson},
title = {A statistical theory of spatial trip distribution models},
year = 1967,
editor = {A.G.~Wilson},
journal = {Transportation Research},
volume = 1,
pages = {253--269},
keywords = {transport modelling, urban economics}
}
@INCOLLECTION{Wil72,
author = {A.G.~Wilson},
title = {Some recent development in micro-economic approaches to
modelling household behaviour, with special reference to
spatio-temporal organization},
year = 1972,
editor = {A.G.~Wilson},
booktitle = {Papers in Urban and Regional Analysis},
publisher = {Pion},
address = {London, UK},
pages = {216--236},
keywords = {spatial modelling, urban economics}
}
@ARTICLE{Wil98,
author = {A.G.~Wilson},
title = {Land-use/transport interaction models: past and future},
year = 1998,
journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy},
volume = 32,
number = 1,
pages = {3--27},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{WitTin04,
author = {Frank Witlox and Hans Tindemans},
title = {Evaluating bicycle-car transport mode competitiveness in an
urban environment: An activity-based approach},
year = 2004,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 8,
number = 4,
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp08.4.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{Wom96,
author = {Katie N.~Womack},
title = {Bicycle-Helmet Use Evaluation Using Comparison-Site
Observation},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1538,
pages = {91--95},
keywords = {bicycle planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1538-012.pdf}
}
@TECHREPORT{WB96,
author = {{World Bank}},
title = {Urban Transport: A {W}orld {B}ank Policy Study},
year = 1996,
institution = {The World Bank},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{WHO95,
author = {{World Health Organization}},
title = {The World Health Report: Bridging the Gaps},
year = 1995,
institution = {World Health Organization},
address = {Geneva, Switzerland},
keywords = {bicycle collisions}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Wra99,
author = {P.~Wramborg},
title = {On a new approach to urban planning, traffic network and
street design with a special focus on bicycling},
year = 1999,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo-City 99},
address = {Graz, Austria},
url = {ftp://kamen.uni-mb.si/velo-city99/proceedings.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{WriLov02,
author = {R.M.~Wright and R.~Loveridge},
title = {The evolving physical condition of the {G}reater {T}oronto
{A}rea: Space, form, change},
year = 2002,
type = {The {N}eptis {F}oundation Study},
institution = {University of Toronto, Department of Geography},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {urban planning, canada}
}
@BOOK{Yag84,
author = {G.~Yago},
title = {The Decline of Transit: Urban Transportation in {G}erman and
{U.S.}~Cities, 1900--1970},
year = 1984,
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, history}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{YiZha06,
author = {Chang Yi and Ming Zhang},
title = {Cul-de-sac vs. grid: Comparing street connectivity and
pedestrian accessibility of urban forms in the {H}ouston Metropolitan
Area},
year = 2006,
month = JAN,
booktitle = {Presented at the Transportation Research Board},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {urban planning, pedestrian planning}
}
@ARTICLE{YouTay91,
author = {W.~Young and M.~Taylor},
title = {A parking model hierarchy},
year = 1991,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 18,
pages = {37--58},
keywords = {parking}
}
@ARTICLE{YouThoTay91,
author = {W.~Young and R.G.~Thompson and M.A.P.~Taylor},
title = {A review of car parking models},
year = 1991,
journal = {Transport Reviews},
volume = 11,
number = 1,
pages = {63--84},
keywords = {parking}
}
@BOOK{Zan90,
author = {A.~Zander},
title = {Effective Social Action by Community Groups},
year = 1990,
publisher = {Jossey-Bass},
address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
keywords = {activism}
}
@TECHREPORT{ZeeCynFegGilLagTanWor94,
author = {C.V.~Zeeger and M.~Cynecki and J.~Fegan and B.~Gilleran and
P.~Lagerway and C.~Tan and B.~Works},
title = {{FHWA} Study Tour for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety in
{E}ngland, {G}ermany, and the {N}etherlands},
year = 1994,
number = {FHWA-PL-95-006},
institution = {U.S.~Federal Highway Administration},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {bicycle planning}
}
@ARTICLE{ZloSch05,
author = {A.I.~Zlot and T.L.~Schmidt},
title = {Relationships among community characteristics and walking and
bicycling for transportation or recreation},
year = 2005,
journal = {American Journal of Health Promotion},
volume = 19,
pages = {315--317},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, active transportation}
}
@ARTICLE{Zup93,
author = {Jeffrey M.~Zupan},
title = {Transportation Demand Management: A Cautious Look},
year = 1993,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1346,
pages = {1--9},
keywords = {transportation demand management, transport planning}
}
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