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@ARTICLE{KenLau99,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Felix B.~Laube},
title = {Patterns of automobile dependence in cities: an international
overview of key physical and economic dimensions with some implications
for urban policy},
year = 1999,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 33,
pages = {691--723},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link, urban form},
status = {read},
quality = 5,
annote = {
An excellent summary of the dataset collected in their 1999 book,
with useful analysis. It's presented in a much more neutral,
distanced light than some of their earlier work. The methodology
still undoubtedly has problems, such as the use of Metro Toronto
instead of the Greater Toronto Area for the city definition. That
introduces some massive bias into all references to Toronto, since
it excludes all of the sprawling suburbs, including Mississauga
(which now has a population over 600,000 and was already quite large in
1990).
While it might not suit their agenda, I would like to see
housing costs included in the analysis. There is a clear
relationship between density and greater competition for limited
land and housing, and any analysis of regional economic
competitiveness really has to take housing costs into account.
Newman and Kenworthy's core argument that land use influences
transport has a clear converse, but they seem to have chosen to
ignore it here.
}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKen89b,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Gasoline Consumption and Cities: A Comparison of {U.S.}~Cities
with a Global Survey},
year = 1989,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 55,
number = 1,
pages = {24--37},
status = {read},
keywords = { transport planning, urban planning, canada, energy, land use transport link, urban form, transit },
rating = 4,
annote = {
This was the first I read by these authors; this article and their
1989 book are classic texts in the field.
It's an ambitious and impressive effort, although I doubt that
anyone will ever completely believe either their data or their
results. Nevertheless, the data collection effort is laudable,
especially when they include information on parking and relative
speeds. Since reading this, I've improved my stats quite a bit, and
I'd like to revisit it (or their 1999 followup) and see if I buy
their results and conclusions. I'd also like to look into the
econometric models they criticised.
One choice quote: ``Toronto has a much stronger transit system
(50?? vehicle miles of service per capita) than do U.S. or
Australian cities, a feature with its dense land use; its provision
for automobiles is also much less than that in U.S. and Australian
cities. The diversity of its transit systems, which include
commuter rail, subway, modern trams on-street and new LRT on
separated tracks, electric trolleys, and diesel buses (as well as
comprehensive cycle ways), provides a powerful comparison to nearby
Detroit, which has an almost complete commitment to the automobile.
The per capita gasoline consmuption in Detroit is double that in
Toronto; transit use is 0.8 percent of total passenger miles in
Detroit, compared with 16.7 percent in Toronto. However, the
difference in gasoline consumption in Detroit and Toronto cannot be
explained simply by the difference in transit use. For example, if
all of Toronto's transit users transferred to car the per capita
use of gasoline would increase by 53 gallons, making Toronto's
usage still 184 gallons per capita lower than that of Detroit. The
Toronto transit system is part of an overall more energy-efficient
city, despite Toronto having lower gasoline prices in 1980 and less
fuel-efficient vehicles than the U.S. Indeed, Toronto is one of the
few cities in the world with well-developed policies for
transportation energy conservation based on land use strategies.''
}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKen96,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {The land use-transportation connection: an overview},
year = 1996,
month = JAN,
journal = {Land Use Policy},
volume = 13,
number = 1,
pages = {1--22},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, canada, land use transport link, urban form},
abstract = {
There is a growing international movement, ``The New Urbanism'',
which seeks to reconnect transport with land use and in particular
to establish transit-oriented development where higher-density,
mixed-use areas built around high-quality transit systems provide a
focused urban structure that can help to loosen the grasp of
automobile dependence. There are many case studies around the
world of cities which demonstrate this process of reconnecting
land use and transport. The cases of Singapore, Hong Kong,
Zurich (Switzerland), Copenhagen (Denmark), Freiburg (Germany),
Toronto and Vancouver (Canada), Portland, Oregon (USA) and Perth
(Australia) are briefly described here to show the various
levels of achievement in very different environments around the
world.
},
rating = 4,
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/NewKen96/index.html }
}
@BOOK{NewKen99,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence},
year = 1999,
publisher = {Island Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
status = {read},
rating = 5,
keywords = {general interest, transport planning, urban planning, canada, land use transport link, urban form, energy, sustainability},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/NewKen99/index.html }
}
@ARTICLE{CamKenLyo03,
author = {I.~Cameron and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and T.J.~Lyons},
title = {Understanding and Predicting Private Motorised Urban
Mobility},
year = 2003,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 8,
pages = {267--283},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@ARTICLE{CamLyoKen04,
author = {I.~Cameron and T.J.~Lyons and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Trends in vehicle kilometers of travel in world cities,
1960--1990: underlying drivers and policy responses},
year = 2004,
month = JUL,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 11,
number = 3,
pages = {287--298},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{DivNewKen96,
author = {G.~Diver and Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {An evaluation of Better Cities: Environmental Component},
year = 1996,
institution = {Government of Australia, Department of Environment,
Sport and Territories},
address = {Canberra, Australia},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{HuKen96,
author = {G.~Hu and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {A preliminary study of land use and transportation patterns in
{C}hinese cities: Caging the automobile dragon},
year = 1996,
booktitle = {Paper presented to the Asia Research Centre, Murdoch
University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{Ken91,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {The land use/transit connection in {T}oronto: Some lessons for
{A}ustralian cities},
year = 1991,
journal = {Australian Planner},
volume = 29,
number = 3,
pages = {149--154},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, canada, urban form, land use transport link, transit}
}
@ARTICLE{Ken95,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Automobile dependence in {B}angkok: An international
comparison with implications for planning policies},
year = 1995,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 1,
number = 3,
pages = {31--41},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp01.3.pdf},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Ken96,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Bicycling the world: A global perspective on bicycles in
cities and their role in reducing automobile dependence},
year = 1996,
booktitle = {Keynote paper to Velo Australia, International Bicycle
Conference},
month = OCT,
address = {Fremantle, Australia},
keywords = {bicycle planning, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{KenLauNewBar97,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Felix B.~Laube and Peter W.G.~Newman and
Paul Barter},
title = {Indicators of transport efficiency in 37 cities},
year = 1997,
institution = {World Bank and Institute for Science and Technology
Policy, Murdoch University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, transit }
}
@ARTICLE{KenLau02,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Felix B.~Laube},
title = {Urban transport patterns in a global sample of cities and their
linkages to transport infrastructure, land use, economics and
environment},
year = 2002,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 8,
number = 3,
pages = {5--19},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, transit, land use transport link, energy},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp08.3.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{KenLau02b,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Felix B.~Laube},
title = {Travel Demand Management: The potential for enhancing urban
rail opportunities and reducing automobile dependence in cities},
year = 2002,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 8,
number = 3,
pages = {20--36},
keywords = {transport planning, transit, transportation demand management, rail},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp08.3.pdf}
}
@BOOK{KenLauNewBarRaaPobGui00,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Felix B.~Laube and Peter W.G.~Newman and
Paul Barter and Tamim Raad and Chamlong Poboon and Benedicto
{Guia~Jr.}},
title = {An International Sourcebook of Automobile Dependence in Cities
1960--1990},
year = 2000,
publisher = {University Press of Colorado},
abstract = {
This sourcebook provides the most comprehensive set of time series
data and analyses on these important subjects that is available
today. It spans 46 cities in the US, Australia, Canada, Europe
and Asia, covering the widest possible range of data on the
land use and transportation systems, energy use, and economic
and environmental impacts of transportation that has been
assembled to date. It also contains a set of coloured maps for
each city outlining territorial boundaries, the extent of
urbanisation, and all rail, busway and freeway systems. A must
for every individual and organisation wanting to better
understand and respond to the urban transportation debate.
},
keywords = { data, transport planning, urban planning, transit, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@TECHREPORT{KenNew91,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Moving {M}elbourne: A public transport strategy for inner
{M}elbourne},
year = 1991,
institution = {Inner Metropolitan Regional Association, Victoria and
Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{KenNew93,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Automobile dependence: The irresistable force?},
year = 1993,
institution = {Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch
University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@ARTICLE{KenNew94,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {{T}oronto---paradigm regained},
year = 1994,
journal = {Australian Planner},
volume = 31,
number = 3,
pages = {137--147},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, canada, urban form, transit, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{KenNewBarPob95,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Peter W.G.~Newman and Paul Barter and
Chamlong Poboon},
title = {Is increasing automobile dependence inevitable in booming
economies? {A}sian cities in an international context},
year = 1995,
journal = {IATSS Research},
volume = 19,
number = 2,
pages = {58--67},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{KenNewLyo89,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Peter W.G.~Newman and T.~Lyons},
title = {Urban planning and traffic congestion},
year = 1989,
journal = {Urban Policy and Research},
volume = 7,
number = 2,
pages = {67--80},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{KenNewLyo92,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Peter W.G.~Newman and T.~Lyons},
title = {The ecology of urban driving---{I}: Methodology},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 26,
number = 3,
pages = {263--272},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{KenBarNewPob94,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Paul Barter and Peter W.G.~Newman and
Chamlong Poboon},
title = {Resisting automobile dependence in booming economies: A case
study of {S}ingapore, {T}okyo and {H}ong {K}ong within a global
sample of cities},
year = 1994,
month = JUL,
booktitle = {Asian Studies Association of Australia Conference},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{LyoKenMoydos03,
author = {T.J.~Lyons and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and C.~Moy and
F.~{dos~Santos}},
title = {An International Air Pollution Model for the Transportation
Sector},
year = 2003,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 8,
pages = {159--167},
keywords = {transport modelling}
}
@TECHREPORT{McGNewKen91,
author = {G.~Mc{G}lynn and Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Towards better cities: Reurbanisation and transportation
energy scenarios},
year = 1991,
institution = {Australian Commision for the Future},
month = OCT,
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, energy, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKen84,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {The use and abuse of driving cycle research: clarifying the
relationship between traffic congestion, energy and emissions},
year = 1984,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 38,
number = 4,
pages = {615--635},
keywords = {transport planning, energy}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKen88,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {The Transport Energy Trade-Off: Fuel-Efficient Traffic
versus Fuel-Efficient Cities},
year = 1988,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 22,
number = 3,
pages = {163--174},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, energy, urban form}
}
@BOOK{NewKen89,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Cities and Auto Dependency: A Sourcebook},
year = 1989,
publisher = {Gower Publishing Co.},
address = {Aldershot, UK},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link, energy}
}
@TECHREPORT{NewKen90,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Transport energy conservation policies for {A}ustralian
cities: strategies for reducing automobile dependence},
year = 1990,
institution = {Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch
University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, energy}
}
@TECHREPORT{NewKen91,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Towards a more sustainable {C}anberra: an assessment of
{C}anberra's transport, energy and land use},
year = 1991,
institution = {Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch
University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, energy, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKen92,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Is there a role for physical planners?},
year = 1992,
month = JUL,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
pages = {353--362},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKen92b,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Transit oriented urban villages: design solutions for the
90s},
year = 1992,
journal = {Urban Futures},
volume = 2,
number = 1,
pages = {50--56},
keywords = {urban planning, transit, urban form}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKen95,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {The potential for the application of policies to influence
urban car travel demand},
year = 1995,
journal = {Transportation Planning Systems},
volume = 3,
number = 1,
keywords = {transportation demand management}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKenLyo85,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and T.~Lyons},
title = {Transport energy use in the {P}erth {M}etropolitan {R}egion:
some urban policy implications},
year = 1985,
journal = {Urban Policy and Research},
volume = 3,
number = 2,
pages = {4--15},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, energy}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKenLyo88,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and T.~Lyons},
title = {Does free flowing traffic save energy and lower emissions in
cities?},
year = 1988,
journal = {Search},
volume = 19,
number = {5/6},
pages = {267--272},
keywords = {transport planning, energy}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKenLyo92,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and T.~Lyons},
title = {The ecology of urban driving---{II}: driving cycles across a
city, their validation and implications},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 26,
number = 3,
pages = {273--290},
keywords = {transport planning, ecology}
}
@TECHREPORT{NewKenRob92,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Les Robinson},
title = {Winning Back the Cities},
year = 1992,
institution = {Australian Consumers' Association},
address = {Marrickville, Australia},
keywords = {urban planning}
}
@TECHREPORT{NewKenVin92,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and P.~Vintila},
title = {Housing transport and urban form},
year = 1992,
type = {National Housing Strategy, Background Paper},
number = 15,
institution = {Commonwealth of Australia},
address = {Canberra, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, ecology, urban form, urban planning}
}
@ARTICLE{NewKenVin95,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and P.~Vintila},
title = {Can we overcome automobile dependence?: Physical planning in
an age of urban cynicism},
year = 1995,
journal = {Cities},
volume = 12,
number = 1,
pages = {53--65},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{PobKen95,
author = {Chamlong Poboon and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Bangkok: Towards a sustainable traffic solution},
year = 1995,
month = FEB,
booktitle = {Paper presented to Urban Habitat Conference},
address = {Delft, The Netherlands},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{PobKen97,
author = {Chamlong Poboon and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Bangkok's traffic disaster: An international comparative
assessment of transportation and land use in {B}angkok with its
implications for air quality},
year = 1997,
month = JUN,
booktitle = {Paper presented to Pathways to Sustainability Conference},
address = {Newcastle, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@ARTICLE{RaaKen98,
author = {Tamim Raad and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {The {US} and us},
year = 1998,
journal = {Alternatives},
volume = 24,
number = 1,
pages = {14--22},
keywords = {canada, transport planning, urban planning}
}
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