david pritchard. bibliography.

Author: Jeffrey Kenworthy

[1] I. Cameron, T.J. Lyons, and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Trends in vehicle kilometers of travel in world cities, 1960-1990: underlying drivers and policy responses. Transport Policy, 11(3):287-298, July 2004. [ bib ]
Keywords: land use transport link, transport planning
[2] I. Cameron, Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, and T.J. Lyons. Understanding and predicting private motorised urban mobility. Transportation Research D, 8:267-283, 2003. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport modelling
[3] T.J. Lyons, Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, C. Moy, and F. dos Santos. An international air pollution model for the transportation sector. Transportation Research D, 8:159-167, 2003. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport modelling
[4] Jeffrey R. Kenworthy and Felix B. Laube. Urban transport patterns in a global sample of cities and their linkages to transport infrastructure, land use, economics and environment. World Transport Policy and Practice, 8(3):5-19, 2002. [ bib | .pdf ]
Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, urban form, transit, land use transport link, energy
[5] Jeffrey R. Kenworthy and Felix B. Laube. Travel demand management: The potential for enhancing urban rail opportunities and reducing automobile dependence in cities. World Transport Policy and Practice, 8(3):20-36, 2002. [ bib | .pdf ]
Keywords: transport planning, transit, transportation demand management, rail
[6] Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, Felix B. Laube, Peter W.G. Newman, Paul Barter, Tamim Raad, Chamlong Poboon, and Benedicto Guia Jr. An International Sourcebook of Automobile Dependence in Cities 1960-1990. University Press of Colorado, 2000. [ bib ]
This sourcebook provides the most comprehensive set of time series data and analyses on these important subjects that is available today. It spans 46 cities in the US, Australia, Canada, Europe and Asia, covering the widest possible range of data on the land use and transportation systems, energy use, and economic and environmental impacts of transportation that has been assembled to date. It also contains a set of coloured maps for each city outlining territorial boundaries, the extent of urbanisation, and all rail, busway and freeway systems. A must for every individual and organisation wanting to better understand and respond to the urban transportation debate.

Keywords: data, transport planning, urban planning, transit, urban form, land use transport link
[7] Jeffrey R. Kenworthy and Felix B. Laube. Patterns of automobile dependence in cities: an international overview of key physical and economic dimensions with some implications for urban policy. Transportation Research A, 33:691-723, 1999. [ bib ]
An excellent summary of the dataset collected in their 1999 book, with useful analysis. It's presented in a much more neutral, distanced light than some of their earlier work. The methodology still undoubtedly has problems, such as the use of Metro Toronto instead of the Greater Toronto Area for the city definition. That introduces some massive bias into all references to Toronto, since it excludes all of the sprawling suburbs, including Mississauga (which now has a population over 600,000 and was already quite large in 1990).

While it might not suit their agenda, I would like to see housing costs included in the analysis. There is a clear relationship between density and greater competition for limited land and housing, and any analysis of regional economic competitiveness really has to take housing costs into account. Newman and Kenworthy's core argument that land use influences transport has a clear converse, but they seem to have chosen to ignore it here.

Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link, urban form
[8] Peter W.G. Newman and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA, 1999. [ bib |

detailed annotation

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Keywords: general interest, transport planning, urban planning, canada, land use transport link, urban form, energy, sustainability
[9] Tamim Raad and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. The US and us. Alternatives, 24(1):14-22, 1998. [ bib ]
Keywords: canada, transport planning, urban planning
[10] Chamlong Poboon and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Bangkok's traffic disaster: An international comparative assessment of transportation and land use in Bangkok with its implications for air quality. In Paper presented to Pathways to Sustainability Conference, Newcastle, Australia, June 1997. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link
[11] Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, Felix B. Laube, Peter W.G. Newman, and Paul Barter. Indicators of transport efficiency in 37 cities. Technical report, World Bank and Institute for Science and Technology Policy, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia, 1997. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, urban form, transit
[12] Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Bicycling the world: A global perspective on bicycles in cities and their role in reducing automobile dependence. In Keynote paper to Velo Australia, International Bicycle Conference, Fremantle, Australia, October 1996. [ bib ]
Keywords: bicycle planning, urban planning, transport planning
[13] Peter W.G. Newman and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. The land use-transportation connection: an overview. Land Use Policy, 13(1):1-22, January 1996. [ bib |

detailed annotation

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There is a growing international movement, “The New Urbanism”, which seeks to reconnect transport with land use and in particular to establish transit-oriented development where higher-density, mixed-use areas built around high-quality transit systems provide a focused urban structure that can help to loosen the grasp of automobile dependence. There are many case studies around the world of cities which demonstrate this process of reconnecting land use and transport. The cases of Singapore, Hong Kong, Zurich (Switzerland), Copenhagen (Denmark), Freiburg (Germany), Toronto and Vancouver (Canada), Portland, Oregon (USA) and Perth (Australia) are briefly described here to show the various levels of achievement in very different environments around the world.

Keywords: urban planning, transport planning, canada, land use transport link, urban form
[14] G. Diver, Peter W.G. Newman, and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. An evaluation of better cities: Environmental component. Technical report, Government of Australia, Department of Environment, Sport and Territories, Canberra, Australia, 1996. [ bib ]
Keywords: urban planning, transport planning
[15] G. Hu and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. A preliminary study of land use and transportation patterns in Chinese cities: Caging the automobile dragon. In Paper presented to the Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia, 1996. [ bib ]
Keywords: urban planning, transport planning, urban form
[16] Chamlong Poboon and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Bangkok: Towards a sustainable traffic solution. In Paper presented to Urban Habitat Conference, Delft, The Netherlands, February 1995. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, urban form
[17] Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Automobile dependence in Bangkok: An international comparison with implications for planning policies. World Transport Policy and Practice, 1(3):31-41, 1995. [ bib | .pdf ]
Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, urban form
[18] Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, Peter W.G. Newman, Paul Barter, and Chamlong Poboon. Is increasing automobile dependence inevitable in booming economies? Asian cities in an international context. IATSS Research, 19(2):58-67, 1995. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, urban form
[19] Peter W.G. Newman and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. The potential for the application of policies to influence urban car travel demand. Transportation Planning Systems, 3(1), 1995. [ bib ]
Keywords: transportation demand management
[20] Peter W.G. Newman, Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, and P. Vintila. Can we overcome automobile dependence?: Physical planning in an age of urban cynicism. Cities, 12(1):53-65, 1995. [ bib ]
Keywords: urban planning, transport planning, urban form
[21] Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, Paul Barter, Peter W.G. Newman, and Chamlong Poboon. Resisting automobile dependence in booming economies: A case study of Singapore, Tokyo and Hong Kong within a global sample of cities. In Asian Studies Association of Australia Conference, Perth, Australia, July 1994. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link
[22] Jeffrey R. Kenworthy and Peter W.G. Newman. Toronto-paradigm regained. Australian Planner, 31(3):137-147, 1994. [ bib ]
Keywords: urban planning, transport planning, canada, urban form, transit, land use transport link
[23] Jeffrey R. Kenworthy and Peter W.G. Newman. Automobile dependence: The irresistable force? Technical report, Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia, 1993. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning
[24] Peter W.G. Newman and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Is there a role for physical planners? Journal of the American Planning Association, pages 353-362, July 1992. [ bib ]
Keywords: urban planning
[25] Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, Peter W.G. Newman, and T. Lyons. The ecology of urban driving-I: Methodology. Transportation Research A, 26(3):263-272, 1992. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning
[26] Peter W.G. Newman and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Transit oriented urban villages: design solutions for the 90s. Urban Futures, 2(1):50-56, 1992. [ bib ]
Keywords: urban planning, transit, urban form
[27] Peter W.G. Newman, Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, and T. Lyons. The ecology of urban driving-II: driving cycles across a city, their validation and implications. Transportation Research A, 26(3):273-290, 1992. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, ecology
[28] Peter W.G. Newman, Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, and Les Robinson. Winning back the cities. Technical report, Australian Consumers' Association, Marrickville, Australia, 1992. [ bib ]
Keywords: urban planning
[29] Peter W.G. Newman, Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, and P. Vintila. Housing transport and urban form. National Housing Strategy, Background Paper 15, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, Australia, 1992. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, ecology, urban form, urban planning
[30] G. McGlynn, Peter W.G. Newman, and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Towards better cities: Reurbanisation and transportation energy scenarios. Technical report, Australian Commision for the Future, October 1991. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, energy, urban form, land use transport link
[31] Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. The land use/transit connection in Toronto: Some lessons for Australian cities. Australian Planner, 29(3):149-154, 1991. [ bib ]
Keywords: urban planning, transport planning, canada, urban form, land use transport link, transit
[32] Jeffrey R. Kenworthy and Peter W.G. Newman. Moving Melbourne: A public transport strategy for inner Melbourne. Technical report, Inner Metropolitan Regional Association, Victoria and Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia, 1991. [ bib ]
Keywords: transit, transport planning
[33] Peter W.G. Newman and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Towards a more sustainable Canberra: an assessment of Canberra's transport, energy and land use. Technical report, Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia, 1991. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, energy, urban form, land use transport link
[34] Peter W.G. Newman and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Transport energy conservation policies for Australian cities: strategies for reducing automobile dependence. Technical report, Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia, 1990. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, energy
[35] Peter W.G. Newman and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Gasoline consumption and cities: A comparison of U.S. cities with a global survey. Journal of the American Planning Association, 55(1):24-37, 1989. [ bib ]
This was the first I read by these authors; this article and their 1989 book are classic texts in the field.

It's an ambitious and impressive effort, although I doubt that anyone will ever completely believe either their data or their results. Nevertheless, the data collection effort is laudable, especially when they include information on parking and relative speeds. Since reading this, I've improved my stats quite a bit, and I'd like to revisit it (or their 1999 followup) and see if I buy their results and conclusions. I'd also like to look into the econometric models they criticised.

One choice quote: “Toronto has a much stronger transit system (50?? vehicle miles of service per capita) than do U.S. or Australian cities, a feature with its dense land use; its provision for automobiles is also much less than that in U.S. and Australian cities. The diversity of its transit systems, which include commuter rail, subway, modern trams on-street and new LRT on separated tracks, electric trolleys, and diesel buses (as well as comprehensive cycle ways), provides a powerful comparison to nearby Detroit, which has an almost complete commitment to the automobile. The per capita gasoline consmuption in Detroit is double that in Toronto; transit use is 0.8 percent of total passenger miles in Detroit, compared with 16.7 percent in Toronto. However, the difference in gasoline consumption in Detroit and Toronto cannot be explained simply by the difference in transit use. For example, if all of Toronto's transit users transferred to car the per capita use of gasoline would increase by 53 gallons, making Toronto's usage still 184 gallons per capita lower than that of Detroit. The Toronto transit system is part of an overall more energy-efficient city, despite Toronto having lower gasoline prices in 1980 and less fuel-efficient vehicles than the U.S. Indeed, Toronto is one of the few cities in the world with well-developed policies for transportation energy conservation based on land use strategies.”

Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, canada, energy, land use transport link, urban form, transit
[36] Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, Peter W.G. Newman, and T. Lyons. Urban planning and traffic congestion. Urban Policy and Research, 7(2):67-80, 1989. [ bib ]
Keywords: urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link
[37] Peter W.G. Newman and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Cities and Auto Dependency: A Sourcebook. Gower Publishing Co., Aldershot, UK, 1989. [ bib ]
Keywords: urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link, energy
[38] Peter W.G. Newman and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. The transport energy trade-off: Fuel-efficient traffic versus fuel-efficient cities. Transportation Research A, 22(3):163-174, 1988. [ bib ]
Keywords: urban planning, transport planning, energy, urban form
[39] Peter W.G. Newman, Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, and T. Lyons. Does free flowing traffic save energy and lower emissions in cities? Search, 19(5/6):267-272, 1988. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, energy
[40] Peter W.G. Newman, Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, and T. Lyons. Transport energy use in the Perth Metropolitan Region: some urban policy implications. Urban Policy and Research, 3(2):4-15, 1985. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, energy
[41] Peter W.G. Newman and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. The use and abuse of driving cycle research: clarifying the relationship between traffic congestion, energy and emissions. Transportation Quarterly, 38(4):615-635, 1984. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, energy

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