Keywords: transit, transport planning

detailed annotation

Keywords: bicycle planning, marketing, transit

Keywords: finance, transit

This article reports on a methodological framework undertaken by the authors to help the stakeholders in The Partnership of the City of NY to understand a group of significant transportation capital investment projects and to provide a means to discriminate among them. The authors' major objects was to inform these stakeholders how to make rational and systematic choices based on economic and transportation grounds, in an environment where appropriate data is lacking, no comprehensive regional transportation plan or objectives are defined, and the decision-making environment is highly fragmented. After the authors define the problem, they discuss details of the analysis, including the methodology used, the data sources, and the cost-benefit models. The authors then introduce the Goals Achievement Matrix for the selection and prioritization of projects. The final selections discuss key results and consider specific and general policy implications. Out of the sizeable number of large-scale transportation investment projects that have been proposed for New York City, eight were selected for close scrutiny and assessment. The authors briefly discuss the top three: the Fulton Transit Center and permanent PATH station, the Penn Station/Farley Post Office, and the Number 7 Subway Extension. These projects scored highest on both transportation benefits and economic development benefits scales.

I attended a talk given the author, which seems to have focused on the content of this paper.

Keywords: prioritisation, finance, transit

Keywords: transit, urban planning, transport planning

Keywords: transit, transport planning

Keywords: canada, transit, transport planning

Keywords: land use transport link, transport planning, transit, urban planning, urban form

Keywords: transport planning, transit

Keywords: urban planning, new urbanism, transit-oriented development

Keywords: transit, bicycle planning

This Monitor first updates energy matters discussed in previous Monitors. The updating concludes that reducing transport fuel use should be the overriding goal of Canada's transport policies, more important than reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and perhaps a better strategy for making progress towards sustainable transport.

This issue then discusses three of the many ways in which transport fuel use could be dramatically reduced. The first would allow short-term gains. It is to make more efficient use of trucks on the road. The second would have its main impacts in the medium term. It is to achieve major reductions in fuel use by new personal vehicles. The third is for the longer term. It is to secure much greater use of tethered vehicles (which get their energy from a rail or wire rather than from an on-board source such as a gasoline tank, a hydrogen storage device or a battery).

Some interesting thoughts on fuel usage: the rise in fuel use associated with freight transportation, and the low loading-levels of trucks; the need for a return to tethered transport.

Keywords: canada, energy, goods movement, transit

Keywords: equity, transit, finance

Keywords: urban planning, transit, transport planning, rail, land use transport link

Keywords: transit, transport planning

Keywords: canada, transit, transport planning

Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, canada, transit

Keywords: transit, finance, equity

Keywords: transit, finance, equity

Keywords: transit, urban form, land use transport link, urban planning, transport planning

Keywords: urban planning, transit

Keywords: transit, transport planning

Keywords: urban planning, transit-oriented development

Keywords: transit, urban planning, land use transport link, transport planning

Keywords: transit, urban planning, rail, urban form

Keywords: transit, transport planning

detailed annotation

Keywords: transit, urban planning, transport planning, canada, land use transport link, urban form, transit-oriented development

Keywords: urban planning, transit, land use transport link

A good, balanced paper.

A few comments on the models: the first model does not account for spatial autocorrelation, which may be an issue. The finding that station location within a highway median, incentive zoning, and restrictive zoning were not statistically correlated with building activity around stations is quite interesting.

Keywords: transit, urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link

Keywords: transit, land use transport link, transport planning, urban planning, urban form

Keywords: transit

Keywords: transport planning, transit, canada

detailed annotation

This was my real introduction to transport planning, and now in retrospect I can see that this document represents a very progressive stance on transportation planning. See some of my detailed comments on cycling at the VACC website; I've been the lead person on downtown issues for the VACC for the last several years.

Keywords: transport planning, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, goods movement, transit, canada

Keywords: bicycle planning, transit

Keywords: general interest, history, canada, transit

Keywords: transit, finance, transport planning

Keywords: transit, bicycle planning

Keywords: land use transport link, transit, urban planning, transport planning

This is a very good idea for streets with heavy bus traffic. Following the VACC's recommendation, Vancouver has implemented this on downtown Burrard St.

Keywords: bicycle planning, transit, streets, pavement marking

Keywords: urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link, transit

Keywords: transit, urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link

Keywords: bicycle planning, intermodal, transit

Keywords: transit, land use transport link, urban form, transport planning, urban planning

detailed annotation

Keywords: transport planning, congestion pricing, transportation demand management, transit, land use transport link, urban form, induced travel, zoning

detailed annotation

Keywords: transport planning, congestion pricing, transportation demand management, transit, land use transport link, urban form, induced travel, zoning

Keywords: transport planning, urban form, transit, land use transport link, urban politics, smart growth

Keywords: canada, transit

Keywords: transit, finance

Keywords: transport planning, transit, urban planning

Keywords: transit modelling, transit operations, visualization

A very interesting article. The theory that actors lie about project costs for political gain is supported by the statistically significant results found in this article.

Keywords: transport planning, politics, finance, transit

Findings from an empirical analysis to test the impacts of land-use mix, population density, and employment density on the use of the single-occupant vehicle (SOV), transit and walking for both work trips and shopping trips are presented. The hypothetical relationships tested focused on whether there is a relationship between urban form and modal choice, whether this relationship exists when controlling for non-urban form factors, whether this relationship is linear or nonlinear, and whether a stronger relationship exists between modal choice and urban form when they are measured at both trip ends as opposed to either the origin or the destination. A review of the literature and experiences suggested that a fair amount of information is known about the impacts of density on mode choice. However, considerable debate exists over whether density itself is actually the causal stimulus or a surrogate for other factors. To address this issue a data base was developed with a comprehensive set of variables for which density may be a proxy, for example, demographics and level of service. This analysis employed a correlational research design in which mode choice was compared among census tracts with differing levels of density and mix. Findings from this research indicate that density and mix are both related to mode choice, even when controlling for non-urban form factors for both work trips and shopping trips. Furthermore, the relationship between population and employment density and mode choice for SOV, transit and walking is nonlinear for both work and shopping trips. Transit usage and walking increase as density and land-use mix increase, whereas SOV usage declines. The findings from this research suggest that measuring urban form at both trip ends provides a greater ability to predict travel choices than looking at trip ends separately. The findings also suggest that increasing the level of land-use mix at the trip origins and destinations is also related to a reduction in SOV travel and an increase in transit and walking.

Solid research, with more convincing methodology than Sch96 (which I read at about the same time).

Overall, the most interesting result of the paper is the demonstration of nonlinearity. Figures 2 and 3 of their paper show a graph of modal share vs. employment density, and vs. population density. These graphs show that major increases in bus/walk modes only happen at employment densities greater than 125 employees/acre (work trips), or 13 residents/acre (shopping trips). The implications for policy are obvious: if you aren't going to reach those thresholds, you're wasting your time. Also, the employment graph shows substantial nonlinearity: between 75 and 125 employees/acre, there is essentially no change in mode share.

They also had some predictable results: walking trips were the most sensitive to increases in population density; it's worth considering densities at both trip ends (i.e., both residential population density and employment population density); etc.

Keywords: urban planning, transport planning, urban form, transit, active transportation, land use transport link

Keywords: transit, transport planning

Keywords: transit, urban planning, land use transport link

Keywords: land use transport link, transit, transport planning

Keywords: transport planning, transit

Keywords: transit, transport planning, finance

Keywords: urban planning, transit

Keywords: transit

Keywords: transit, transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link, canada

Some very interesting notes regarding immgrants' use of public transit. “We find that recent immigrants are much more likely than the Canadian born to use public transit to commute to work, even after controlling for age, gender, income, distance to work, and distance between place of residence and the city centre. Two factors seem to explain this high rate of transit usage. First, immigrants tend to use public transit in their commute to work more when they are new to Canada (independent of other factors such as age and income) but their rate of transit use declines as they reside in Canada for longer periods of time. Second, newer cohorts of immigrants have higher rates of transit use than earlier cohorts, suggesting that they may be different in some ways that have not been observed. [...] Projections for future public transit needs could take into account that the urban population is not only growing, but is also compositionally shifting towards a high-usage group.” They also found some interesting results about immigrants' source countries: “In both Toronto and Montreal, the incidence of public transit utilization is highest among immigrants from the Carribean, Southeast Asia, Central and South America, and Africa; they are lowest among immigrants from Easy Asia, Europe, West Asia, North America and Oceania.” Results from Vancouver were unfortunately very distorted due to the transit strike that took place during the 2001 census, especially changing usage patterns in Skytrain-serviced areas versus bus-serviced areas. It's worth noting that immigrants from all of these source nations were much more likely to use transit than the Canadian born, usually by margins of at least 50%.

Keywords: canada, transit, transport planning, sociology

detailed annotation

Keywords: bicycle planning, transit

A brief survey of literature on Toronto, San Francisco, Washington, Boston, Cleveland, Atlanta, Calgary, Edmonton, Portland and San Diego. Many, many good references.

Keywords: urban planning, transit, transport planning, land use transport link, urban form, canada

Keywords: canada, toronto, transit, urban planning, urban form, transport planning

Keywords: canada, toronto, transit, transport planning

Keywords: transit, history

Keywords: transit, transport planning

Keywords: transit, transport planning, canada

The unsustainable nature of current urban transportation and land use is well recognized. What is less clear is the prescription for how to move towards a more sustainable future, especially given the many interest groups involved, the complexity of urban systems and the fragmented nature of decision-making in most urban regions. It is argued that the process of achieving more sustainable transportation requires suitable establishment of four pillars: effective governance of land use and transportation; fair, efficient, stable funding; strategic infrastructure investments; and attention to neighbourhood design. A review of each pillar identifies key issues. The characteristics of an ideal body for governance of land use and transportation are considered. Trade-offs are identified with: spatial representation; organizational structure; democracy; and market philosophy. Effective financing and pricing of urban transportation may be distorted because responsibility for infrastructure is separated from service provision. Financing mechanisms are categorized depending on vehicle use and location. Investment in infrastructure for alternative fuel vehicles and intermediate semi-rapid transit may be required in many cities. Major investment in public transit infrastructure will likely not suffice if macro land use and micro neighbourhood designs are not supportive of these investments.

A useful read, covering a wide swath of topics, and including many useful pointers to other papers within each topic. I found the discussion of financing transportation particularly useful, mostly because I haven't read much about that topic. Discussion of market vs. non-market approaches, including P3s, was also valuable. I'm glad to see discussion of neighbourhood design in the article, a topic which is familiar and close to my heart.

Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, governance, finance, transit, pedestrian planning

Keywords: urban planning, transport planning, canada, urban form, land use transport link, transit

Keywords: transport planning, transit, transportation demand management, rail

Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, urban form, transit, land use transport link, energy

Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, urban form, transit

This sourcebook provides the most comprehensive set of time series data and analyses on these important subjects that is available today. It spans 46 cities in the US, Australia, Canada, Europe and Asia, covering the widest possible range of data on the land use and transportation systems, energy use, and economic and environmental impacts of transportation that has been assembled to date. It also contains a set of coloured maps for each city outlining territorial boundaries, the extent of urbanisation, and all rail, busway and freeway systems. A must for every individual and organisation wanting to better understand and respond to the urban transportation debate.

Keywords: data, transport planning, urban planning, transit, urban form, land use transport link

Keywords: transit, transport planning

Keywords: urban planning, transport planning, canada, urban form, transit, land use transport link

Keywords: transit, urban planning, transport planning

Keywords: equity, transit

Keywords: transit, energy, transport planning

Keywords: transit, computer science

Some interesting analysis. It's primarily a critique of another paper, “Great Rail Disasters” by Randal O'Toole, which I'm not familiar with; apparently, the paper condemns rail transit as cost ineffective, but its analysis is fundamentally flawed. In the end, the flaws boil down to two differences: 1) O'Toole values mobility more than accessibility; and 2) he's quite ready to distort statistics to make an argument.

Probably the most interesting part of his analysis is Figure 13, showing that “in Bus Only and Small Rail cities, traffic congestion costs tend to increase with city size [...] but Large Rail cities do not follow this pattern. They have substantially lower congestion costs than comparable size cities. As a result, New York and Chicago have about half the per capita congestion delay as Los Angeles.”

Tables 6 and 7 is also very interesting, showing the total subsidy to bus and rail systems, and a lower bound on the total benefits from each.

Litman's notes comparing bus rapid transit and rail are interesting, particularly his statistic showing that people are more willing to stand on rail systems, allowing more passengers per vehicle. His notes that rail does not subtract from bus systems are also interesting, showing that cities with large and small rail tend to spend more per-capita on transit, and hence that rail does not necessarily reduce bus system performance. (Although I'm sure there are cases where that happens!)

I still have some questions about one part of his analysis: his argument proceeds by defining “large rail” cities as those with transit mode share of 20%+ with rail making up more than half of the transit trips. He then argues that these cities have lower vehicle-miles, higher transit trips, etc., typically due to the land use impacts of the rail systems. However, there are elements of a circular argument here: it's possible that the causation runs in the other direction, and land uses cause higher transit mode share, and hence shift certain cities into the large rail category. (Personally, I don't believe that's the case-I think that rail does cause denser land use. But the argument may need to be rephrased to make this unambiguous.) I need to think about this more before I can be certain that there actually is a flaw in his reasoning, though. Regardless, I don't think it's a big flaw-it's a difficult subject to tackle perfectly, and his analysis is generally quite sound.

Litman includes a reference to the spreadsheet containing his calculations! This could be quite useful for learning how this analysis is done.

Keywords: transport planning, transit, rail

Keywords: transportation demand management, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, transit, urban form, parking, urban economics, finance, prioritisation, accessibility

An interesting article, particularly since I haven't read much on China before. They describe bike mode share of 40-60%, which is quite incredible! Car trips belong in the "other" category, and other makes up less than 14% of trips. However, it's on the rise: they show Beijing rising from 6% in 1986 to 27% in 2000 (for "other"). They complain about patronizing Western attitudes towards bicycles, but do a little of the same themselves. However, they close with an appeal for China to emulate the Dutch.

Keywords: bicycle planning, transit, transport modelling

A short but interesting look at the failures around the Blue Line in Los Angeles. When transportation planners choose a transit alignment through an industrial/abandoned area with cheap land, I think the ridership estimates need to be informed by the miserable urban realm around transit stations... but I imagine they completely ignore such micro features.

Keywords: urban planning, transit-oriented development

Keywords: urban planning, transit-oriented development, transport planning, land use transport link

Keywords: land use transport link, transport planning, transit-oriented development

The number of policy initiatives to promote the use of bike-and-ride, or the combined use of bicycle and public transport for one trip, has grown considerably over the past decade as part of the search for more sustainable transport solutions. This paper discusses the experiences with, and impacts of, such initiatives in the Netherlands. The Dutch measures to promote bicycle use in access trips have been generally successful. A country-wide program to upgrade regular and secure bicycle parking at train stations has led to an increase in user satisfaction and a growth in bicycles parked at stations. Smaller programs to stimulate the combined use of bike-and-bus have resulted in an increase in bicycle use, bus use, and share of infrequent bus passengers. Bicycle lockers at bus stops are hardly used by bus passengers, due in part to the dominance of students among bus users as well as the relatively high price of lockers in comparison to the value of bicycles used for access trips. Measures to promote the use of the bicycle in egress trips have met with more varying results. Projects to introduce leasing bicycles for egress trips have failed to attract passengers, for both train and bus services. In contrast, the introduction of flexible rental bicycles at train stations has resulted in a small reduction in car use, growth in train trips, and growth in bicycle use for non-recurrent trips. The Dutch experiences suggest some lessons for promoting bike-and-ride in countries and cities with a less well-developed bicycle infrastructure.

Keywords: bicycle planning, transit, intermodal

detailed annotation

Keywords: bicycle planning, transit, transport planning

Keywords: bicycle planning, transit

Comparison of Melbourne and Toronto transit performance. Discusses the failure of privatization of bus services due to loss seamless connections, etc.

Keywords: transit, transport planning, canada

Keywords: transit, transport planning, history

Keywords: general interest, transit, rail

detailed annotation

Keywords: transport modelling, ilute, transit, land use transport link

Keywords: transport modelling, ilute, transit, land use transport link

The case is presented for a new, coordinated research and development (R&D) program designed to improve significantly the operational state of practice in integrated urban modeling. First, the authors' view of an “ideal” integrated urban modeling system is described. If developed, this modeling system should be capable of incorporating the best possible understanding of transportation and land use interactions and of addressing planning and analysis needs. Also discussed briefly are current operational modeling capabilities as related to the proposed ideal model. Finally, a multiyear R&D program that was designed to move current practice significantly toward the operationalization of the ideal model is detailed.

Keywords: transport modelling, ilute, land use transport link, transit

Keywords: transport planning, transit, canada

Keywords: canada, transit, transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link

This paper presents a descriptive analysis of the historical evolution of personal travel behavior in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) over the past 35 years. The analysis indicates that in many respects the GTA taken as a whole is similar to other cities within North America in terms of increasing auto ownership; increasing individual auto-drive trip rates; increasing suburbanization of population and employment into areas poorly served by transit; increasingly complex travel patterns; and transit, at best, maintaining a constant number of trips per capita but losing modal share. The analysis also highlights ways in which the GTA, particularly the city of Toronto, deviates from the North American “norm.” These include transit per capita ridership, overall mode splits, revenue-cost operating ratios are still extremely high by North American standards; the regional commuter rail system has been very successful in attracting increasing numbers of commuters from outside Toronto into the Toronto central area; the continuing strength of the Toronto central area has provided a strong, viable transit service; and more generally, the relatively high density and transit orientation of development throughout the city of Toronto is highly supportive of transit.

Some very useful background on the transportation context of Toronto. While I grew up in that city, I actually knew fairly little about the evolution of its transportation system, so this was quite useful to me. Not very revolutionary in content (it's just a basic historical review), but worthwhile; a few good references (Mee02, Shi97, PucLef96, WriLov02).

Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, canada, transit, urban form

A good report, with a realistic and progressive vision for the future. I found the maps comparing Toronto, Square One and Pearson trip ends extremely interesting (figures II.7 - II.9).

Keywords: transport planning, canada, urban planning, transit, land use transport link, urban form

Keywords: canada, transit, transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link, urban form

Keywords: transit, canada, transport planning

detailed annotation

Keywords: urban economics, transport planning, urban planning, congestion pricing, transportation demand management, transit, land use transport link, zoning

Keywords: transit, transport planning

Keywords: transit, transport modelling

This was the first I read by these authors; this article and their 1989 book are classic texts in the field.

It's an ambitious and impressive effort, although I doubt that anyone will ever completely believe either their data or their results. Nevertheless, the data collection effort is laudable, especially when they include information on parking and relative speeds. Since reading this, I've improved my stats quite a bit, and I'd like to revisit it (or their 1999 followup) and see if I buy their results and conclusions. I'd also like to look into the econometric models they criticised.

One choice quote: “Toronto has a much stronger transit system (50?? vehicle miles of service per capita) than do U.S. or Australian cities, a feature with its dense land use; its provision for automobiles is also much less than that in U.S. and Australian cities. The diversity of its transit systems, which include commuter rail, subway, modern trams on-street and new LRT on separated tracks, electric trolleys, and diesel buses (as well as comprehensive cycle ways), provides a powerful comparison to nearby Detroit, which has an almost complete commitment to the automobile. The per capita gasoline consmuption in Detroit is double that in Toronto; transit use is 0.8 percent of total passenger miles in Detroit, compared with 16.7 percent in Toronto. However, the difference in gasoline consumption in Detroit and Toronto cannot be explained simply by the difference in transit use. For example, if all of Toronto's transit users transferred to car the per capita use of gasoline would increase by 53 gallons, making Toronto's usage still 184 gallons per capita lower than that of Detroit. The Toronto transit system is part of an overall more energy-efficient city, despite Toronto having lower gasoline prices in 1980 and less fuel-efficient vehicles than the U.S. Indeed, Toronto is one of the few cities in the world with well-developed policies for transportation energy conservation based on land use strategies.”

Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, canada, energy, land use transport link, urban form, transit

Keywords: urban planning, transit, urban form

Keywords: transit, transport planning, urban planning

Keywords: transit, transport planning, urban planning

Keywords: transit, transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link

Keywords: transit, transport planning, urban planning

I found their description of Houston interesting. I'd heard a lot about Houston's laissez-faire no-zoning policies, but I'd never read anything about the details. It sounds like they still suffer from the same social exclusion effects as many U.S. residential areas, but they use deed restrictions to enforce the exclusion instead of zoning laws. The authors give a surprisingly positive review to the HOV system overall, quite different from what I'd heard about HOV lanes in the present day context. Overall, Houston sounds like a depressing place to live or work. The complete rejection of land use control and the overwhelming dominance of the automobile turn me off. The Washington, D.C. case study wasn't very interesting to me, focusing mainly on transit-oriented development plans. The Portland section was slightly more interesting, again focusing on how land use goals are achieved by the agencies involved. The Vancouver section was mostly familiar, but did contain some interesting details that were new to me. There are some strange comments, though-they claim that the “European and Asian heritage of the region has also made the Vancouver community more accepting of transit” and characterise Vancouver as very unique within Canada. That's total rubbish-Canadian cities generally have an accepting attitude towards transit and a diverse cultural mix, and American cities have as much of a “European heritage” as Canadian ones. Sure, Vancouver is younger-but that should put it in the same boat as other young west coast cities, like Seattle. Some of their discussion regarding the history of SkyTrain is interesting, however, especially the idea that the Expo line was deliberately run through empty industrial areas to reduce NIMBY resistance and to allow new, denser transit-oriented development. They also note that TransLink does not own the land under the SkyTrain, allowing existing owners to make good use of the land, building towers around the tracks, etc. This is vastly better than the freeway model, where the land underneath and nearby is just dead space. Interestingly, they note that both Canadian and American government agencies put out a Request For Proposals (RFP) for a low-cost site, but only Canadian agencies can make location a requirement-i.e., requiring a site on the SkyTrain line.

I'm a bit dubious about their Ottawa section. They speak in glowing terms about many of the details of the system, and it doesn't always jibe with my experience when I lived there. Granted, I lived in a lousy area (far from the transitway) with a poor commute pattern. But there was a huge chunk of underserviced city where I lived, and I did see how the policies were working out on the ground. However, the policies sound like good ideas, at the least. They started with a bizarre statistic to make Ottawa look good: “Passengers per route mile in the first year,” a statistic biased towards bus systems, before development associated with a fixed rail system is completed. It's nice that (like Vancouver) they officially prioritise transit over road improvements, and that they consider it an official service. Their policy of building early in suburban areas is also an excellent idea, as is the policy of forcing regional shopping centres to be within 5 minutes walk of a transit station. (I have to wonder if that applies to big box zones, though-they were certainly abundant in the Ottawa area when I lived there. The abhorrent South Keys development all happened under these policies.) The Transitway design is clever, since they left enough room to allow later conversion to a rail system. One telling quote: “These services are adapted to, and as a result, help reinforce, the region's suburban landscape. In Ottawa-Carleton, it is accepted that low-density living environments are preferred by most residents, and that transit programs should in no way seek to alter this settlement pattern, but rather to serve it.” To be fair, that pattern may be changing now-the condo boom has definitely hit Ottawa. I suspect some of these sentences reflect the suburban American audience of this report. Ottawa also has taken a serious attitude towards directing job growth to transit corridors, in a manner similar to the Dutch ABC system. They also route buses through subdivision collector roads instead of arterial streets, to make for easier pedestrian access and avoiding the fight to access buses on arterials. (This may explain some of my confusion with the bus system, since I was more accustomed to the Toronto approach. It may also explain why buses were often poor choices for reaching retail areas, usually located on the arterials. It sounds like that was mostly political bad luck, though, not design-developers have insisted on siting commercial development on the arterials, not the planners' first choice.) Their reduction in downtown parking is admirable, with a 15% reduction from 1975 to 1984, a period of regression for most cities. They don't really comment much on the fact that many Transitway stations are built in parkland with no adjacent development, but they do note that future stations are being built in advance of development, with an aim to integrate better with mixed-use neighbourhoods. They claim pessimistically that the high-density transit-oriented residential demand had reached saturation point (!!) in Ottawa by 1993. At the end of the day, they've had difficulty achieving their goals, with regional employment share near transit stations remaining fairly static from 1986-1991. But they're still far ahead of most of North America.

Keywords: transit, transport planning, urban planning, canada, land use transport link

Keywords: transit, transport planning, urban planning

Keywords: canada, transit, transport planning

Keywords: transit, transport planning, finance

Keywords: transport planning, transit

Keywords: transit

Keywords: canada, transit, transport planning

Keywords: transit, transport planning

detailed annotation

Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, urban form, transit, land use transport link

Keywords: transit, transport planning

Keywords: bicycle planning, transit

Keywords: bicycle planning, transit

Keywords: land use transport link, urban planning, transit

The market potential of railway services depends on the quality of the total chain from residence to place of activity. In The Netherlands where natural conditions and infrastructure are conducive, the bicycle is a potentially attractive access mode for railways since it allows travellers to avoid waiting at bus, metro or tram stops. Especially at the home end the bicycle appears to play a large role as an access mode with a share of 35%. At the activity end the share is much shorter. Implications are discussed for policies aiming at increasing the share of multimodal trips. Also physical planning implications are considered.

Keywords: bicycle planning, transit, intermodal

Keywords: bicycle planning, transit, pedestrian planning

He's quite correct. All of these issues occurred to me when I was working on Vancouver's Transit Service Guideline implementation, which was supply-oriented rather than demand-oriented. It's a detailed case study in the problems with averages.

Keywords: transit, indicators, transit indicators

Keywords: transport planning, transit

Keywords: canada, transit, transport planning

Keywords: transit, prioritisation

Keywords: transit, canada

Keywords: urban planning, transport planning, transit, land use transport link, urban form

Keywords: transit, governance, canada

Some excellent insights into the reasons why transit ridership is so low in the United States. A particularly interesting note regards the historical growth in Europe and the US: European cities have experienced relatively little growth during the age of the automobile, which goes a long way towards explaining their limited suburbanisation. The comparison between Canada and US is more apt, since both have experienced similar growth levels during the automobile age.

Keywords: transit, urban form, land use transport link, canada, history

Keywords: transit, transport planning, canada

Keywords: bicycle planning, intermodal, transit

Keywords: transit, transport planning, finance

Apparently he claims that a city center cannot grow much beyond 120000 jobs based around automobile acccess (Newman and Kenworthy).

Keywords: transit, transport planning

Keywords: canada, transport planning, transit

Keywords: canada, data, transit, transport planning

Keywords: transit

Keywords: transit, transport planning

A different take on Los Angeles than I'd heard before. Wachs describes a city that was distinct from an early age. Its initial trajectory was not so different from Vancouver: a population of only 6000 in 1870, linked to the railroad in 1876. But it exploded from there, to 50,000 by 1890, up to 320,000 by 1910, and 1.2 million by 1930-and already 780,000 cars by that date. The city motorized extremely early, aided by the California climate and local conditions. The immigrants were quite well-to-do, mostly born in the USA and raised with American values, and settled in a very dispersed pattern well before the arrival of the automobile, mostly aided by streetcars. The city developed in parallel with communications technology (the telephone) and at the height of the City Beautiful movement. Also, building heights were constrained by city laws after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Already by 1924, 48 percent entering the CBD came by car. The decisive stroke in favour of automobiles, however, was the decision to proceed with an incremental roads and highway plan (1924), and the failure to adopt a proposed high-cost transit plan (1926).

Keywords: history, land use transport link, transit

Keywords: equity, transit

Keywords: transport modelling, transit modelling

Keywords: history, transport planning, urban planning, transit

Keywords: transit, transport planning, urban planning

Keywords: transit

Keywords: transit, transport planning

Keywords: transit, transport planning, history