keyword_equity.bib

@comment{{This file has been generated by bib2bib 1.91}}
@comment{{Command line: /usr/bin/bib2bib -ob keyword_equity.bib -c 'keywords: "equity"' ref.bib}}
@incollection{Ban94,
  author = {David Banister},
  title = {Equity and Acceptability Questions in Internalising the Social
        Costs of Transport},
  booktitle = {Internalising the Social Costs of Transportation},
  publisher = {OECD European Conference of Ministers of Transport},
  year = 1994,
  pages = {153--171},
  keywords = {urban economics, equity},
  status = {read},
  annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Ban94/index.html }
}
@article{Blu04,
  author = {Evelyn Blumenberg},
  title = {En-gendering effective planning: spatial mismatch, low-income
        women, and transportation policy},
  year = 2004,
  journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
  volume = 70,
  number = 3,
  pages = {269--281},
  status = {read},
  keywords = {equity, gender, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@incollection{Dek04,
  author = {Devaiyoti Deka},
  title = {Social and Environmental Justice Issues in Urban
        Transportation},
  year = 2004,
  booktitle = {The Geography of Urban Transportation},
  editor = {Susan Hanson and Genevieve Giuliano},
  edition = {3rd},
  chapter = 12,
  publisher = {Guildford Press},
  address = {New York City, NY, USA},
  pages = {332--355},
  status = {read},
  keywords = {transport planning, equity},
  quality = 4,
  annote = {
        A good overview of the full breadth of equity issues in
        transportation planning. A few distinctive points: 1) access to
        health care is often ignored. 2) Residential dispersal is a valid
        solution to spatial mismatch, but transportation is usually touted
        as the politically easier solution instead. My thoughts: in some ways,
        providing
        subsidised transit connections for reverse commutes is a subsidy to
        suburbanising businesses, giving them access to low-wage employees
        at a low-cost location. Without that access, they might choose to
        locate closer to low-wage workers. 3) In addition to poor/rich
        urban/suburban, short trip/long trip cross-subsidies, there are also
        peak/off-peak trip cross-subsidies: off-peak travellers (e.g.,
        low income midnight shift workers, part-time workers) do not
        require the expensive ``peaked'' service of the regular workday.
        (To be fair, late night service is also often heavily subsidised.)
        4) The rationale for federal/state funding of transit projects in
        suburban areas, despite inefficiency: suburbs pay a substantial chunk
        of taxes, and need to see some returns. If the funds didn't go
        through a federal level, this might not be an issue: cities could
        fund their own transit projects... 5) The environmental justice
        discussion is interesting, particularly the details of the various
        Bus Riders' Unions. 6) Rich drivers generate more pollution than
        poor drivers, both from longer trips and from lower fuel
        efficiency.
    }
}
@article{GarTay99,
  author = {Mark Garrett and Brian Taylor},
  title = {Reconsidering Social Equity in Public Transit},
  year = 1999,
  journal = {Berkeley Planning Journal},
  volume = 13,
  pages = {6--27},
  status = {read},
  keywords = {equity, transport planning, finance},
  annote = {
        Some interesting notes on racial/income equity in transit service.
        Apparently, transit users were only 20\% minorities in 1977--but
        that rose to 63\% by 1995! I hadn't realised that the racialisation
        of transport in the USA was so recent. Also, some interesting notes
        on US funding formulas for transit: a heavy weight on service area
        coverage, and little weight on ridership achieved.
    }
}
@book{Jac61,
  author = {Jane Jacobs},
  title = {The Death and Life of Great American Cities},
  year = 1961,
  publisher = {Vintage},
  address = {New York City, NY, USA},
  rating = 5,
  keywords = {urban planning, equity, transport planning, general interest, sociology, streets, pedestrian planning, accessibility, urban design},
  status = {read},
  annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Jac61/index.html }
}
@incollection{Jac95,
  author = {Michael Jacobs},
  title = {Sustainability and `the {M}arket': A Typology of Environmental
        Economics},
  year = 1995,
  editor = {Robyn Eckersley},
  booktitle = {Markets, the State and the Environment},
  pages = {46--70},
  publisher = {MacMillan},
  address = {Melbourne, Australia},
  annote = {
        An interesting essay. Jacobs examines the schools within environmental
        economics, with a fairly critical eye. He discusses five classes:
        A. traditional (status quo); B. neoclassical I: financial incentives
        (tradable quotas); C. neoclassical II: financial incentives (taxes,
        etc.); D. neoclassical III: monetary valuation (cost/benefit analyses);
        and E. property rights. He looks at how they address four
        questions: 1. ethics of environmental objective setting (what level of
        environmental protection should society choose?); 2. institutions
        (how should this level be chosen?); 3. instruments (how should
        this level be achieved?); 4. distribution (how shold costs/benefits
        be distributed within society). He contrasts the environmental
        economists with his own more political school, an
        ``environmental democracy'' based on sustainability principles.
        Generally, he seems to be favourable to B and C, which study only
        instruments; he sees these as tools compatible with environmental
        democracy. He is less kind to D and E, which try to answer question
        2; he argues that they are unlikely to achieve sustainability, due
        to the market's inherent tendency to discount the future. He points
        out many flaws in his own preference (a democratic institution to
        make decisions), but prefers its basis in a public debate of ethics.
    },
  status = {read},
  keywords = {environmental economics, economics, equity}
}
@book{Kay97,
  author = {Jane Holtz Kay},
  title = {Asphalt Nation},
  year = 1997,
  publisher = {University of California Press},
  address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
  keywords = {general interest, history, equity},
  status = {read}
}
@techreport{LevGar00,
  author = {Jonathan Levine and Yaakov Garb},
  title = {Evaluating the Promise and Hazards of Congestion Pricing
        Proposals; An Access Centered Approach},
  year = 2000,
  institution = {Floersheimer Institute for Policy Studies},
  address = {Jerusalem, Israel},
  number = {2/11},
  url = {http://vtpi.org/levgarb.pdf},
  keywords = {congestion pricing, equity, accessibility},
  status = {read}
}
@article{LevGar02,
  author = {Jonathan Levine and Yaakov Garb},
  title = {Congestion Pricing's Conditional Promise: Promotion of
        Accessibility or Mobility?},
  year = 2002,
  journal = {Transport Policy},
  volume = 9,
  number = 3,
  pages = {179--188},
  keywords = {congestion pricing, equity, accessibility},
  status = {read},
  url = {http://www.itdp.org/read/Levine\&Garb(2002).pdf}
}
@article{LevIna04,
  author = {Jonathan Levine and Aseem Inam},
  title = {The market for transportation-land use integration: do
        developers want smarter growth than regulations allow?},
  year = 2004,
  month = nov,
  journal = {Transportation},
  volume = 31,
  number = 4,
  pages = {409--427},
  status = {read},
  keywords = {urban planning, land use transport link, equity, zoning},
  abstract = {
        Transportation and land use research of the past decade has focused
        in large part on the question of whether manipulating land uses in
        the direction of ``smart growth'' alternatives can reduce vehicle
        miles traveled (VMT) or otherwise improve travel behavior. Yet the
        notion of ``manipulating'' land uses implies that the alternative
        is somehow self-organized or market-based. This view appears to
        underestimate the extent to which current planning interventions in
        the United States---largely focused on lowering development
        densities, mandating ample road and parking designs, and separating
        land uses---impose an auto-oriented template on most new
        development. Rather than a market failure, the paucity of ``smart
        growth'' alternatives may be a planning failure---the result of
        municipal regulatory exclusion. This problem definition would shift
        the burden of proof for policy reform, as uncertainty in
        travel-behavior benefits would hardly justify the continuation of
        exclusionary regulations. If municipal regulations in fact
        constrain alternatives to low-density auto-oriented development,
        one would expect developers to perceive unsatisfied market interest
        in such development. This article studies, through a national
        survey (676 respondents), US developers' perceptions of the market
        for pedestrian- and transit-oriented development forms. Overall,
        respondents perceive considerable market interest in alternative
        development forms, but believe that there is inadequate supply of
        such alternatives relative to market demand. Developer-respondents
        attribute this gap between supply and demand principally to local
        government regulation. When asked how the relaxation of these
        regulations would affect their product, majorities of developers
        indicated that such liberalization woud lead them to develop in a
        denser and more mixed-use fashion, particularly in close-in
        suburban locales. Results are interpreted in favor of land-policy
        reform based on the expansion of choice in transportation and land
        use. This view contrasts with a more prevalent approach which
        conditions policy interventions on scientific evidence of
        travel-behavior modification.
    },
  annote = {
        An excellent article, rebutting the claims of many others in the
        research community. The abstract is an excellent summary of the
        points made in this article. References BoaCra01, EwiCer01, Cra99
        and Dow92. The latter is quoted: ``[T]he belief that sprawl is
        caused primarily by market failures is based on the false
        assumption that there is a freely operating land use market in US
        metropolitan areas. No metropolitan area has anything remotely
        approaching a free land use market because of local regulations
        adopted for parochial political, social and fiscal purposes.''
    }
}
@article{LevInaTor05,
  author = {Jonathan Levine and Aseem Inam and Gwo-Wei Torng},
  title = {A Choice-Based Rationale for Land Use and Transportation
        Alternatives: Evidence from {B}oston and {A}tlanta},
  year = 2005,
  journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
  volume = 24,
  pages = {317--330},
  doi = {10.1177/0739456X04267714},
  keywords = {land use transport link, equity, travel behaviour, zoning},
  quality = 5,
  annote = {
        Some great equity context, including the Tiebout hypothesis.
    }
}
@techreport{Lit04,
  author = {Todd A.~Litman},
  title = {Pay-As-You-Drive Pricing for Insurance Affordability},
  year = 2004,
  month = may,
  institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute},
  address = {Victoria, BC, Canada},
  keywords = {transportation demand management, equity, insurance},
  url = {http://www.vtpi.org/payd_aff.pdf},
  status = {read}
}
@techreport{Lit04b,
  author = {Todd A.~Litman},
  title = {Parking Requirements Impacts on Housing Affordability},
  year = 2004,
  month = jun,
  institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute},
  address = {Victoria, BC, Canada},
  keywords = {parking, urban planning, transportation demand management, equity},
  url = {http://vtpi.org/park-hou.pdf},
  status = {read},
  annote = {
        A very interesting read. Litman raises a number of issues
        associated with housing that I hadn't considered---my first
        reaction is to question Vancouver's downtown development patterns.
        Are parking requirements responsible for the tower fad, by making
        townhouse and four-story apartment development uneconomic for
        developers? On interesting bit of trivia: curb cuts reduce
        onstreet parking capacity.  His parking management solutions
        are quite valuable and innovative ideas, and the studies he cites
        in Victoria and Mississauga are useful; I should follow up on all
        of his references. Of the management solutions, the two ideas I
        found novel were: shared parking, where apartments and businesses
        share spaces due to opposite peak demand times - very practical for
        residential downtowns; transportation management associations, where a
        neighbourhood organisation is formed to trade parking in a
        neighbourhood.
        
        I was initially convinced by his
        arguments about reducing developer incentive to create low-income
        housing, but I'm now a little skeptical; figure 12, in particular,
        says to me that in a scenario where 0 parking spaces are required,
        developers will have a huge incentive to produce high income
        housing, since the relative profit difference will be so much
        greater. Of course, this ignores the entire demand side of the
        equation. Overall, I think more analysis is needed to determine the
        real effect on developers.
    }
}
@article{SanRoj04,
  author = {Georgina Santos and Laurent Rojey},
  title = {Distributional impacts of road pricing: the truth behind the
        myth},
  year = 2004,
  month = feb,
  journal = {Transportation},
  volume = 31,
  number = 1,
  pages = {21--42},
  keywords = {congestion pricing, equity},
  status = {read},
  abstract = {
        This paper shows that road pricing can be regressive, progressive
        or neutral, and refutes the generalised idea that road pricing is
        always regressive. The potential distributional impacts of a road
        pricing scheme are assessed in three English towns. It is found
        that impacts are town specific and depend on where people live,
        where people work and what mode of transport they use to go to
        work. Initial impacts may be progressive even before any
        compensation scheme for losers is taken into account. When the
        situation before the scheme is implemented is such that majority of
        drivers entering the area where the scheme would operate come from
        households with incomes above the average, it can be expected that,
        once the scheme is implemented, these drivers coming from rich
        households will continue to cross the cordon and will be prepared
        to pay the charge. In such a case the overall effect will be that
        on average, rich people will pay the toll and poor people will not.
    }
}
@incollection{SpiWeg00,
  author = {Klaus Spiekermann and Michael Wegener},
  title = {Freedom from the Tyranny of Zones: Towards New {GIS}-based
        Spatial Models},
  editor = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and Michael Wegener},
  booktitle = {Spatial Models and {GIS}: New Potential and New Models},
  year = 2000,
  publisher = {Taylor and Francis},
  address = {London, UK},
  pages = {45--61},
  keywords = {geographic information systems, spatial modelling, transport modelling, equity},
  status = {read},
  annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/FotWeg00/index.html }
}
@article{Tie56,
  author = {Charles Tiebout},
  title = {A pure theory of local public expenditures},
  year = 1956,
  journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
  volume = 64,
  number = 5,
  pages = {416--424},
  keywords = {urban politics, equity, zoning}
}
@article{Tiw03,
  author = {Geetam Tiwari},
  title = {Transport and land-use policies in {D}elhi},
  year = 2003,
  journal = {Bulletin of the World Health Organization},
  volume = 81,
  pages = {444--450},
  status = {read},
  keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, equity}
}
@techreport{ACRBAH91,
  author = {{Advisory Commission on Regulatory Barriers to Affordable
        Housing}},
  title = {``Not {I}n {M}y {B}ack {Y}ard'': Removing Barriers to Affordable
        Housing},
  year = 1991,
  month = jul,
  institution = {U.S.~Department of Housing and Urban Development},
  address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
  keywords = {equity, urban planning}
}
@article{Bur00,
  author = {Elizabeth Burton},
  title = {The compact city: Just or just compact? {A} preliminary analysis},
  year = 2000,
  journal = {Urban Studies},
  volume = 37,
  number = 11,
  pages = {1969--2001},
  priority = 5,
  keywords = {equity, urban form}
}
@article{Cer84b,
  author = {Robert Cervero},
  title = {Cost and performance impacts of transit subsidy programs},
  year = 1984,
  journal = {Transportation Research A},
  volume = 18,
  pages = {407--413},
  keywords = {equity, transit, finance}
}
@article{Cer90,
  author = {Robert Cervero},
  title = {Transit Pricing Research: A Review and Synthesis},
  year = 1990,
  journal = {Transportation},
  volume = 17,
  pages = {117--139},
  keywords = {transit, finance, equity}
}
@article{Cer90b,
  author = {Robert Cervero},
  title = {Profiling profitable bus routes},
  year = 1990,
  journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
  volume = 44,
  pages = {183--201},
  keywords = {transit, finance, equity}
}
@book{Dow94,
  author = {Anthony Downs},
  title = {New Visions for Metropolitan {A}merica},
  year = 1994,
  publisher = {The Brookings Institution},
  address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
  keywords = {urban planning, equity, zoning, urban politics, smart growth},
  annote = {
        In the first three chapters (the only part I've read), there were
        some very interesting discussion of growth management policies,
        equity and racial segregation in the USA.

        One point I found interesting was the discussion of preferences. In
        general, Americans want single-family detached houses, auto-based
        travel, free parking and short travel times. The planning system
        in many ways guarantees the first two: suburbs have extremely high
        minimum standards for housing (low density single-family homes), and
        generally provide generous roads and free parking. The last aspect
        of preferences cannot be guaranteed due to growth and swamping of
        existing roads by new travel, discussed at length in the book.
        This is the aspect I find interesting: the system is inherently
        biased towards one set of preferences (housing) and limits trading
        off housing against travel time---if an individual prefers short
        travel times and is willing to accept ``lower quality'' dense
        housing in return, that option is rarely available. In other words,
        this minimum provision limits choices, a point that Andre Sorensen
        has made repeatedly in his discussions in the course I'm taking.

        Downs notes that one-third of US households did not live in
        single-family homes in 1990, and one-third were renters (presumably
        with substantial overlap). He describes the provision of low-cost
        housing as a ``trickle-down'' process: since cheap new housing is
        prohibited, only degraded older houses are available for those
        who cannot afford the suburban single-family home. This process
        breaks down when ``net housing construciton is lower than net
        household formation''---i.e., periods of rapid growth.
    }
}
@article{Eng93,
  author = {Kim V.L.~England},
  title = {Suburban Pink Collar Ghettos: the Spatial Entrapment of
        Women?},
  year = 1993,
  journal = {Annals of the Association of American Geographers},
  volume = 83,
  number = 2,
  pages = {225--242},
  keywords = {equity, gender, urban planning}
}
@article{Ham75,
  author = {Bruce W.~Hamilton},
  title = {Zoning and property taxation in a system of local
        governments},
  year = 1975,
  journal = {Urban Studies},
  volume = 12,
  pages = {205--211},
  keywords = {zoning, equity, urban planning}
}
@article{HanPra94,
  author = {Susan Hanson and Geraldine Pratt},
  title = {On Suburban Pink Collar Ghettos: The Spatial Entrapment of
        Women? by {K}im {E}ngland},
  year = 1994,
  journal = {Annals of the Association of American Geographers},
  volume = 84,
  number = 3,
  pages = {500--504},
  keywords = {equity, gender, urban planning}
}
@techreport{Har93,
  author = {Patrick H.~Hare},
  title = {Making Housing Affordable by Reducing Second Car Ownership},
  year = 1993,
  month = apr,
  institution = {Patrick Hare Planning and Design},
  address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
  keywords = {transport planning, equity, parking}
}
@techreport{Har95,
  author = {Patrick H.~Hare},
  title = {Planning, Transportation, and the Home Economics of Reduced
    Car Ownership; Planning as if Household Budgets Mattered},
  year = 1995,
  month = apr,
  institution = {Patrick Hare Planning and Design},
  address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
  keywords = {transport planning, equity, parking}
}
@article{HayTri91,
  author = {A.~Hay and E.~Trinder},
  title = {Concepts of Equity, Fairness and Justice Expressed by Local
        Transport Policy Makers},
  year = 1991,
  journal = {Environment and Planning C},
  volume = 9,
  number = 4,
  pages = {453--465},
  keywords = {equity, transport planning}
}
@article{IhlSjo89,
  author = {K.~Ihlandfeldt and D.~Sjoquist},
  title = {The Impact of Job Decentralization on the Economic Welfare of
        Central City Blacks},
  year = 1989,
  journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
  volume = 26,
  pages = {110--130},
  keywords = {sociology, equity, urban economics, urban planning, urban form}
}
@book{JakWil92,
  author = {John A.~Jakle and David Wilson},
  title = {Derelict Landscapes: The Wasting of {A}merica's Built
        Environment},
  publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield},
  year = 1992,
  address = {Savage, MD, USA},
  keywords = {urban planning, sociology, equity}
}
@article{JiaWac98,
  author = {Wenya Jia and Martin Wachs},
  title = {Parking and Affordable Housing},
  year = 1998,
  journal = {Access Magazine},
  volume = 13,
  pages = {22--25},
  keywords = {transport planning, equity, parking}
}
@techreport{JiaWac98b,
  author = {Wenya Jia and Martin Wachs},
  title = {Parking and Housing Affordability: A Case Study of {S}an
        {F}rancisco},
  year = 1998,
  institution = {University of California Transportation Center},
  type = {Research Paper},
  number = 380,
  keywords = {transport planning, equity, parking},
  url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/countdown.pl?380.pdf}
}
@article{JiaWac99,
  author = {Wenya Jia and Martin Wachs},
  title = {Parking and Housing Affordability: A Case Study of {S}an
        {F}rancisco},
  year = 1999,
  journal = {Transportation Research Record},
  volume = 1685,
  keywords = {transport planning, equity, parking},
  pages = {156--160}
}
@article{Kai93,
  author = {J.~Kain},
  title = {The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis: Three Decades Later},
  year = 1993,
  journal = {Housing Policy Debate},
  volume = 3,
  pages = {371--460},
  keywords = {sociology, equity, urban economics, urban planning, urban form }
}
@book{KruFor90,
  author = {N.~Krumholtz and J.~Forester},
  title = {Making Equity Planning Work: Leadership in the Public Sector},
  year = 1990,
  publisher = {Temple University Press},
  keywords = {equity, transport planning}
}
@article{Kwa99,
  author = {Mei-Po Kwan},
  title = {Gender, the Home-Work Link, and Space-Time Patterns of
        Nonemployment Activities},
  year = 1999,
  month = oct,
  journal = {Economic Geography},
  volume = 75,
  number = 4,
  pages = {370--394},
  keywords = {equity, transport planning}
}
@mastersthesis{Lau07,
  author = {Sabrina Lau},
  title = {Towards Inclusive Public Transport: Immigrant Mothers and
        their Daily Mobility},
  year = 2007,
  school = {University of Toronto},
  address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
  keywords = {equity, transit}
}
@article{Law99,
  author = {Robin Law},
  title = {Beyond `women and transport': towards new geographies of
        gender and daily mobility},
  year = 1999,
  journal = {Progress in Human Geography},
  volume = 23,
  number = 4,
  pages = {567--588},
  keywords = {equity, gender, transport planning}
}
@article{Ley93,
  author = {David Ley},
  title = {Gentrification in Recession: Social Change in Six {C}anadian
        Inner Cities},
  year = 1993,
  journal = {Urban Geography},
  volume = 13,
  number = 3,
  pages = {230--256},
  keywords = {geography, canada, equity}
}
@book{Ley96,
  author = {David Ley},
  title = {The Middle Class and the Making of the Central City},
  year = 1996,
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address = {Oxford, UK},
  keywords = {geography, equity}
}
@inproceedings{McA83,
  author = {Ann Mc{A}fee},
  title = {The Renewed Inner City: Is One Out of Three Sufficient?},
  year = 1983,
  month = jan,
  booktitle = {New Neighbourhood International Forum},
  address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
  keywords = {equity, canada}
}
@incollection{McA90,
  author = {Ann Mc{A}fee},
  title = {Four Decades of Geographical Impact by {C}anadian Social
        Housing Policies},
  year = 1990,
  booktitle = {Studies in {C}anadian Regional Geography: Essay in Honour
        of {J.~L}ewis {R}obinson},
  editor = {B.M.~Barr},
  series = {BC Geographical Series},
  number = 37,
  pages = {92--108},
  publisher = {Tantalus Research},
  address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
  keywords = {equity, canada}
}
@book{MasDen93,
  author = {D.~Massey and N.~Denton},
  title = {American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the
        Underclass},
  year = 1993,
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
  keywords = {sociology, equity, urban planning}
}
@book{Mor78,
  author = {Richard Morris},
  title = {Bum Rap on {A}merica's Cities: The Real Causes of Urban
        Decay},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = 1978,
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA},
  keywords = {urban planning, sociology, equity}
}
@techreport{NelNyg02,
  author = {{Nelson/Nygaard Consulting}},
  title = {Housing Shortage / Parking Surplus},
  year = 2002,
  institution = {Transportation and Land Use Coalition},
  address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
  url = {http://www.transcoalition.org/reports/housing_s/housing_shortage_home.html},
  keywords = {urban planning, equity, parking}
}
@article{Pas96,
  author = {Hafiz A.~Pasha},
  title = {Suburban minimum lot zoning and spatial equilibrium},
  year = 1996,
  journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
  volume = 40,
  number = 1,
  pages = {1--12},
  keywords = {zoning, equity, urban economics, urban planning}
}
@techreport{PucRen01,
  author = {John Pucher and John L.~Renne},
  title = {Socioeconomics of Urban Travel: Evidence from the 2001
        {NHTS}},
  year = 2001,
  institution = {Vorhees Transportation Policy Institute, Rutgers
        University},
  address = {New Brunswick, NJ, USA},
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