david pritchard. bibliography.

Keyword: "energy"

[1] William P. Anderson, Pavlos S. Kanaroglou, and Eric J. Miller. Urban form, energy and the environment: A review of issues, evidence and policy. Urban Studies, 33(1):7-35, February 1996. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, land use transport link, urban form, energy
[2] M.K. Berkowitz, N.T. Gallini, Eric J. Miller, and R.A. Wolfe. Disaggregate analysis of the demand for gasoline. Canadian Journal of Economics, 23(2):253-275, May 1990. [ bib ]
Keywords: energy
[3] M.E. Bouwman. Changing mobility patterns in a compact city: Environmental impacts. In G. de Roo and D. Miller, editors, Compact Cities and Sustainable Urban Development: A critical assessment of policies and plans from an international perspective. Ashgate, Aldershot, UK, 2000. [ bib ]
Allegedly finds very little differences in energy use across a range of spatial settings in the Netherlands.
Keywords: urban form, energy, transport planning, land use transport link
[4] Centre for Sustainable Transportation. The need to reduce transport energy use, and ways to do it. Sustainable Transportation Monitor, 10, June 2004. [ bib | .pdf ]
This Monitor first updates energy matters discussed in previous Monitors. The updating concludes that reducing transport fuel use should be the overriding goal of Canada's transport policies, more important than reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and perhaps a better strategy for making progress towards sustainable transport.

This issue then discusses three of the many ways in which transport fuel use could be dramatically reduced. The first would allow short-term gains. It is to make more efficient use of trucks on the road. The second would have its main impacts in the medium term. It is to achieve major reductions in fuel use by new personal vehicles. The third is for the longer term. It is to secure much greater use of tethered vehicles (which get their energy from a rail or wire rather than from an on-board source such as a gasoline tank, a hydrogen storage device or a battery).

Some interesting thoughts on fuel usage: the rise in fuel use associated with freight transportation, and the low loading-levels of trucks; the need for a return to tethered transport.
Keywords: canada, energy, goods movement, transit
[5] David Fleming. Energy and the common purpose: Descending the energy staircase with Tradeable Energy Quotas (TEQs). Internet. [ bib | .pdf ]
Keywords: climate mitigation, energy
[6] Lawrence D. Frank. Transportation, air quality and thinking big: Pollution control requires a holistic approach. T.R. News, 213:35-37, 2001. [ bib ]
Keywords: energy, transport planning, urban planning
[7] D. Gordon. Steering a New Course: Transportation, Energy, and the Environment. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA, 1991. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, energy
[8] Peter Gordon and Harry Richardson. Gasoline consumption and cities: A reply. Journal of the American Planning Association, 55(3):342-345, 1989. [ bib ]
Keywords: urban planning, urban form, transport planning, energy, land use transport link
[9] M. Höjer and L.G. Matson. Determinism and backcasting in future studies. Futures, 32:613-634, 2000. [ bib ]
Allegedly critiques NewKen89.
Keywords: energy
[10] S. Kahn Ribeiro, S. Kobayashi, M. Beuthe, J. Gasca, D. Greene, D.S. Lee, Y. Muromachi, P.J. Newton, S. Plotkin, D. Sperling, R. Wit, and P.J. Zhou. Transport and its infrastructure. In B. Metz, O.R. Davidson, P.R. Bosch, R. Dave, and L.A. Meyer, editors, Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, chapter 5. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2007. [ bib | .pdf ]
Keywords: climate mitigation, transport planning, energy
[11] Jeffrey R. Kenworthy and Felix B. Laube. Urban transport patterns in a global sample of cities and their linkages to transport infrastructure, land use, economics and environment. World Transport Policy and Practice, 8(3):5-19, 2002. [ bib | .pdf ]
Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, urban form, transit, land use transport link, energy
[12] C. Lave. Rail rapid transit and energy: The adverse effects. Transportation Research Record, 648:14-30, 1977. [ bib ]
Keywords: transit, energy, transport planning
[13] Clark C. Lim. The status of Transportation Demand Management in Greater Vancouver and energy implications. Energy Policy, 25(14-15):1193-1202, 1997. [ bib ]
Keywords: transportation demand management, canada, energy
[14] Todd Litman. Efficient vehicles versus efficient transportation: comparing transportation energy conservation strategies. Transport Policy, 12(2):91-184, 2005. [ bib ]
Keywords: energy
[15] Heather L. MacLean and L.B. Lave. Evaluating automobile fuel/propulsion system technologies. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 29:1-69, 2003. [ bib ]
Keywords: energy, lifecycle analysis, alternative fuels
[16] G. McGlynn, Peter W.G. Newman, and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Towards better cities: Reurbanisation and transportation energy scenarios. Technical report, Australian Commision for the Future, October 1991. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, energy, urban form, land use transport link
[17] Aubrey Meyer. Contraction and convergence: The global solution to climate change. Schumacher Briefing 5, Green Books, Totnes, Devon, UK, 2005. [ bib ]
Keywords: climate mitigation, energy
[18] Eric J. Miller and M.I. Hassounah. Quantitative analysis of urban transportation energy use and emissions: Phase I final report. Technical report, University of Toronto Joint Program in Transportation, Toronto, ON, Canada, 1993. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, energy, climate mitigation
[19] Orit Mindali, Adi Raveh, and Ilan Salomon. Urban density and energy consumption: A new look at old statistics. Transportation Research A, 38(2):143-162, February 2004. [ bib ]
They looked at the NewKen89 data using a different statistical technique, and claimed to find poor statistical support for the density correlation to energy use, at least for North American and Australian cities. European cities showed a significant relation to inner city and CBD density. I remain skeptical overall, though. I need to read more about their statistical methods before making any conclusions, though.
Keywords: urban form, land use transport link, energy
[20] M.J.H. Mogridge. Transport, land use and energy interaction. Urban Studies, 22(6):481-492, 1985. [ bib ]
Keywords: land use transport link, energy
[21] George Monbiot. Heat: How to Stop the Planet from Burning. South End Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2007. [ bib ]
Keywords: climate change, climate mitigation, energy, transport planning
[22] Michael Neuman. The compact city fallacy. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 25(1):11-26, 2005. [ bib ]
An interesting, clearly and calmly written article, but not entirely convincing in its central argument. I liked the discussion and dissection of sustainability themes (something I haven't read too much about), but I find the condemnation of compact cities and New Urbanism a little premature. Neuman's criticisms are largely legitimate-particularly with regard to the actual New Urbanist developments on the ground-and I am quite sympathetic to the goal of organic city processes, but I think urban form (and density in particular) remains a key component of any future sustainable city: a necessary condition, but not sufficient.
Keywords: urban form, energy
[23] Peter W.G. Newman and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. The use and abuse of driving cycle research: clarifying the relationship between traffic congestion, energy and emissions. Transportation Quarterly, 38(4):615-635, 1984. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, energy
[24] Peter W.G. Newman and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. The transport energy trade-off: Fuel-efficient traffic versus fuel-efficient cities. Transportation Research A, 22(3):163-174, 1988. [ bib ]
Keywords: urban planning, transport planning, energy, urban form
[25] Peter W.G. Newman and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Cities and Auto Dependency: A Sourcebook. Gower Publishing Co., Aldershot, UK, 1989. [ bib ]
Keywords: urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link, energy
[26] Peter W.G. Newman and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Gasoline consumption and cities: A comparison of U.S. cities with a global survey. Journal of the American Planning Association, 55(1):24-37, 1989. [ bib ]
This was the first I read by these authors; this article and their 1989 book are classic texts in the field.

It's an ambitious and impressive effort, although I doubt that anyone will ever completely believe either their data or their results. Nevertheless, the data collection effort is laudable, especially when they include information on parking and relative speeds. Since reading this, I've improved my stats quite a bit, and I'd like to revisit it (or their 1999 followup) and see if I buy their results and conclusions. I'd also like to look into the econometric models they criticised.

One choice quote: “Toronto has a much stronger transit system (50?? vehicle miles of service per capita) than do U.S. or Australian cities, a feature with its dense land use; its provision for automobiles is also much less than that in U.S. and Australian cities. The diversity of its transit systems, which include commuter rail, subway, modern trams on-street and new LRT on separated tracks, electric trolleys, and diesel buses (as well as comprehensive cycle ways), provides a powerful comparison to nearby Detroit, which has an almost complete commitment to the automobile. The per capita gasoline consmuption in Detroit is double that in Toronto; transit use is 0.8 percent of total passenger miles in Detroit, compared with 16.7 percent in Toronto. However, the difference in gasoline consumption in Detroit and Toronto cannot be explained simply by the difference in transit use. For example, if all of Toronto's transit users transferred to car the per capita use of gasoline would increase by 53 gallons, making Toronto's usage still 184 gallons per capita lower than that of Detroit. The Toronto transit system is part of an overall more energy-efficient city, despite Toronto having lower gasoline prices in 1980 and less fuel-efficient vehicles than the U.S. Indeed, Toronto is one of the few cities in the world with well-developed policies for transportation energy conservation based on land use strategies.”

Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, canada, energy, land use transport link, urban form, transit
[27] Peter W.G. Newman and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Transport energy conservation policies for Australian cities: strategies for reducing automobile dependence. Technical report, Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia, 1990. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, energy
[28] Peter W.G. Newman and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Towards a more sustainable Canberra: an assessment of Canberra's transport, energy and land use. Technical report, Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia, 1991. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, energy, urban form, land use transport link
[29] Peter W.G. Newman and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA, 1999. [ bib |

detailed annotation

 ]
Keywords: general interest, transport planning, urban planning, canada, land use transport link, urban form, energy, sustainability
[30] Peter W.G. Newman, Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, and T. Lyons. Transport energy use in the Perth Metropolitan Region: some urban policy implications. Urban Policy and Research, 3(2):4-15, 1985. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, energy
[31] Peter W.G. Newman, Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, and T. Lyons. Does free flowing traffic save energy and lower emissions in cities? Search, 19(5/6):267-272, 1988. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, energy
[32] Susan E. Owens. Spatial structure and energy demand. In D.R. Cope, P.R. Hills, and P. James, editors, Energy Policy and Land Use Planning, pages 215-240. Pergamon, Oxford, UK, 1984. [ bib ]
Keywords: urban form, energy, urban planning, sustainability
[33] Susan E. Owens. Energy, Planning and Urban Form. Pion, London, UK, 1986. [ bib ]
Keywords: urban form, energy, urban planning, sustainability
[34] S. Pacala and R. Socolow. Stabilization wedges: Solving the climate problem for the next 50 years with current technologies. Science, 305:968-972, August 2004. [ bib | .pdf ]
Keywords: climate mitigation, transport planning, energy
[35] Halla R. Sahely, Shauna Dudding, and Christopher A. Kennedy. Estimating the urban metabolism of Canadian cities: Greater Toronto Area case study. Canadian Journal for Civil Engineering, 30:468-483, 2003. [ bib ]
Keywords: energy
[36] L. Schipper and S. Meyers. Energy Efficiency and Human Activity: Past Trends, Future Prospects. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1992. [ bib ]
According to Hall (1997), this includes discussion of methodological problems with NewKen87.
Keywords: energy, urban planning
[37] Richard M. Soberman and Eric J. Miller. Impacts of full cost pricing on the sustainability of urban transportation: towards Canada's Kyoto commitment. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 26(3):345-354, June 1999. [ bib ]
Keywords: transport planning, canada, congestion pricing, energy, climate mitigation
[38] E. von Weisäcker, A. Lovins, and L. Lovins. Factor Four: Doubling Wealth, Halving Resource Use. Earthscan Publications, London, UK, 1997. [ bib ]
Keywords: energy

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