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@techreport{DRD00,
author = {{Danish Road Directorate}},
title = {Collection of Cycle Concepts},
year = 2000,
status = {read},
url = {http://www.cities-for-cyclists.org/dokumenter/cyccon.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box, pavement colouring, bicycle segregation, bicycle parking, bicycle collisions, traffic calming},
institution = {{Danish Road Directorate}},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
abstract = {
Promotion of more and safer bicycle traffic produces healthier road
users and helps to create better towns. Collection of Cycle
Concepts presents some ideas on how to increase the use of
bicycles and how to prevent bicycle accidents.
The growth in car traffic is creating environmental problems
and congestion. Compared to other countries in Europe traffic
problems in Denmark are still modest. An important explanation
for this is the development in the course of the last century
of a robust bicycle culture. Today, one trip out of five in
Denmark is by bicycle.
The future role of the bicycle must also be strong in order to create a
sustainable society. It is important to develop and infrastructure that
permits the optimal exploitation of the bicycle's qualities and
possibilities.
A larger share of the short trips in towns can take place by
bicycle. The car is often indispensable on longer trips. The
bicycle can not be alone. Intermodality is important. The right
balance of good roads and paths for pedestrians, cyclists and
motorists can create better towns without losing the interaction
between modes of transport.
The bicycle can more often be used as feeder traffic for coach,
bus, train and plane on longer trips. This calls for safe an
functional access roads and terminals with good
possibilities for interchanges.
Not only road administrations, but also companies, institutions,
schools associations ets, must contribute to changing our attitudes
to transport and making it more acceptable to cycle. The
individual advantages are big. Half an hour's cycling daily
increases our mean life expectancy by 1--2 years and gives
better quality of life, both physically and mentally.
There are many measures that can be taken to improve cyclist
safety. In spite of this, the accident risk for Danish cyclists has
not changed over the past 25 years. It is necessary to approach the
problem more systematically and introduce proposed solutions and
places and among target groups where they will have the greatest
impact.
The main challenge is promoting more and safer bicycle traffic is
the need to implement a wide range of measures simultaneously. I
therefore invite the reader to consider the many ideas contained in
Collection of Cycle Concepts---and be inspired of those ideas,
which apply to local conditions.
},
annote = {
This is probably the best bicycle planning guide I've run into so
far. Throroughly recommended for anyone interested in these issues,
and for anyone already involved in bicycle planning or advocacy.
Some of the good stuff: route sweeping, every 2--8 weeks, plus extra
autumn service to deal with leaves and a special service for
weekends to deal with broken glass near nightlife zones (p.~123);
``cycle crossings,'' where pavement markings are extended through
an intersection to reduce conflicts with turning motor vehicles
(p.~89); advanced stop lines; cute advertisements (p.~37); signage
(pp.~102-105); effect of distance on mode choice (p.~46);
discussion of the need for small shops (p.~46); graph showing how
age affects cycling speed and distance (p.~12); wheel ramp on
stairs (p.~95); bike parking maps (p.~108), with symbols for
covered/uncovered and number of spaces.
}
}
@techreport{DT93,
author = {Department for Transport},
title = {{A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines for cyclists},
year = 1993,
institution = {Department for Transport, Traffic Advisory Unit},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box},
type = {Traffic Advisory Leaflet},
number = {08/93},
url = {http://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_roads/documents/page/dft_roads_504724.hcsp},
status = {read}
}
@techreport{DT96,
author = {Department for Transport},
title = {Further development of {A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines},
year = 1996,
institution = {Department for Transport, Traffic Advisory Unit},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box},
type = {Traffic Advisory Leaflet},
number = {05/96},
url = {http://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_roads/documents/page/dft_roads_504717.hcsp},
status = {read}
}
@inproceedings{TLSM05b,
author = {{Transport for London Street Management}},
title = {{A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines ({ASLs}): Background and Research
Studies},
booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo-City 2005},
year = 2005,
month = jun,
address = {Dublin, Ireland},
institution = {Transport for London},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box},
url = {http://www.tfl.gov.uk/cycles/downloads/pdf/asl.pdf},
annote = {
A very useful overview of London-based research on advanced stop
lines (aka bike boxes) to give cyclists priority at intersections.
}
}
@techreport{WalDavCra03,
author = {G.T.~Wall and D.G.~Davies and M.~Crabtree},
title = {Capacity Implications of {A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines for Cyclists},
year = 2003,
number = {TRL585},
institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box},
url = {http://217.118.128.203/store/downloadreport.asp?id=2736},
issn = {0968-4107},
status = {read},
abstract = {
An investigation of the capacity implications of installing
Advanced Stop Lines (ASLs) has been carried out by TRL Limited
as part of a project entitled Cycling Facilities and
Engineering, commissioned by the Charging and Local Transport
Division of the Department for Transport. The study included a
review of previous research into ASLs in the UK and in the
Netherlands; an examination of the theoretical capacity
implications of installing ASLs using OSCADY (Optimised Signal
Capacity and Delay) the signal-controlled junction
modelling computer programme and saturation flow formulae;
`before' and `after' video surveys of modified junctions at four
sites in Guildford, Surrey, and questionnaires to examine the
attitudes of cyclists. While cyclists generally thought that
the ASLs were safer and easier to use than unadapted junctions,
concerns were expressed that some drivers did not comply
with the new layout. Changes in the length of time
between green signals or a longer minimum green time
may be required in some circumstances. At the two sites
where the number of traffic lanes remained the same
there was a slight increase in saturation flow, but at
the two sites where a traffic lane was removed large
reductions in saturation flow were observed. This
report of the study concludes with several
recommendations.
},
annote = {
A valuable source, particularly for its review of Dutch literature
on bike boxes. They find that adding a bike box with a 5m deep
reservoir for a bike box has no effect on an intersection's motor
vehicle capacity, unless a lane must be removed to make room for
the bike box.
}
}
@techreport{Jen04,
author = {S{\o}ren Underlien Jensen},
title = {{A}rterial {S}treets {T}owards {S}ustainability: Design,
Decision and Prediction Tools},
year = 2004,
url = {http://www.tft.lth.se/artists/medlemmar.asp},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, urban planning, bike box, street design, streets},
institution = {ARTISTS Consortium},
number = {D3.2},
address = {Malm{\"o}, Sweden}
}
@techreport{JenRosJen06,
author = {S{\o}ren Underline Jensen and Claus Rosenkilde and Niels
Jensen},
title = {Road safety and perceived risk of cycle facilities in
{C}openhagen},
year = 2006,
institution = {European Cyclists' Federation},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle collisions, pavement colouring, bike box},
url = {http://www.ecf.com/files/2/12/16/070503_Cycle_Tracks_Copenhagen.pdf},
abstract = {
This before-and-after study covers the construction of one-way cycle
tracks and lanes, blue cycle crossings and raised exits. It is the
biggest study of its kind so far carried out in Denmark. The effects on
road safety of all types of traffic both at junctions and on road
sections for both accidents and injuries are examined. The effects on
the volumes of motor vehicles as well as on bicycle and moped traffic
are examined with regard to the construction of one way cycle tracks
and lanes. Lastly, cycle facilities impact on cyclists? perceived risk
and satisfaction on road sections and at junctions is also examined.
}
}
@article{Kui82,
author = {Ing D.H.~Kuijper},
title = {De {OFOS}: een beschouwing over de opgeblazen
fietsopstelstrook (The {OFOS}: A Description of the `expanded
waiting lane for cyclists')},
year = 1982,
journal = {Verkeerskunde},
volume = 33,
number = {9-1982},
note = {Department of Transport translation 3242},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box},
annote = { The original Dutch study of bike boxes / advance stop lines.
OFOS (Opgeblazen fietsopstelstrook) is the Dutch name for the
device. }
}
@techreport{Ryl96,
author = {T.J.~Ryley},
title = {{A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines for cyclists: The role of central cycle
lane approaches and signal timings},
year = 1996,
number = {TRL181},
address = {London, UK},
institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box}
}
@article{Sal85,
author = {W.~Salomons},
title = {Evaluatie {CPVC-OFOS} in {E}nschede (Evaluation of
{CPVC}-model {OFOS} in {E}nschede)},
year = 1985,
journal = {Verkeerskunde},
volume = 36,
number = {7-1985},
note = {Department of Transport translation 3269},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box}
}
@techreport{Whe92,
author = {A.H.~Wheeler},
title = {{A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines for cyclists at {O}xford, {N}ewark
and {B}ristol},
year = 1992,
institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited},
address = {Crawthorne, UK},
type = {Research Report},
number = {RR336},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box}
}
@article{Whe95,
author = {A.H.~Wheeler},
title = {{A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines for cyclists: A simplified layout},
year = 1995,
month = may,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 36,
number = 5,
pages = {283--289},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box}
}
@article{WheLeiUnd93,
author = {A.H.~Wheeler and M.A.A.~Leicester and G.~Underwood},
title = {{A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines for cyclists at {O}xford, {N}ewark and
{B}ristol},
year = 1993,
month = feb,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 34,
number = 2,
pages = {54--60},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box}
}
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