% % TODO: techreport annoteurl fields don't show up in latex2html, but % books do!?! % % TODO: continue updating keywords from "REKEYWORDED TO HERE" % % keywords: % - accessibility % - active transportation % - activism % - agent-based modelling % - architecture % - bicycle planning % - bicycle accidents % - bicycle parking % - bicycle segregation % - bike box % - pavement colouring % - car sharing % - computer science % - congestion pricing % - demography of firms % - economics % - energy % - environmental economics % - equity % - finance % - firm behaviour % - general interest % - geography % - geographic information systems % - goods movement % - governance % - greenhouse gases % - history % - ilute % - insurance % - intercity transport % - intermodal % - land use transport link % - induced travel % - location choice % - marketing % - methodology % - parking % - pedestrian planning % - policy % - prioritisation % - public participation % - shopping % - sociology % - spatial modelling % - streets % - pavement marking % - roadspace reallocation % - street design % - traffic calming % - traffic controls % - urban design % - sustainability % - telecommuting % - transit % - transportation demand management % - transport modelling % - activity-based modelling % - discrete choice modelling % - population synthesis % - travel behaviour % - transport planning % - urban economics % - urban planning % - new urbanism % - smart growth % - transit-oriented development % - urban form % - urban growth boundary % - zoning % - urban politics % - vehicle ownership % READ @inproceedings{AbrHun03, author = {John Edward Abraham and John Douglas Hunt}, title = {Dynamic submodel integration using an offer-accept discrete event simulator}, year = 2003, month = Aug, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Travel Behavior Research}, address = {Lucerne, Switzerland}, url = {http://www.ivt.baum.ethz.ch/allgemein/pdf/abraham.pdf}, annote = { Lots of tiny details about simulation of market transactions. Includes some application to an Oregon model. Some discussion of fictional characters (auctioneer and aggregator) typical in microeconomic discussion of markets. }, keywords = {urban economics, ilute}, status = {read} } @article{AleTom02, author = {Don Alexander and Ray Tomalty}, title = {{S}mart {G}rowth and Sustainable Development: challenges, solutions and policy directions}, year = 2002, journal = {Local Environment}, volume = 7, number = 4, pages = {397--409}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban planning, canada, smart growth} } % in collection: M. Edel & Jo. Rothenberg (eds), "Readings in Urban % Economics", New York: MacMillan, 1972, pages 104-111. @article{Alo60, author = {William Alonso}, title = {A Theory of the Urban Land Market}, year = 1960, journal = {Papers and Proceedings, Regional Science Association}, volume = 6, pages = {149--157}, keywords = {land use modelling, land use transport link, urban economics}, status = {read} } @techreport{Alt04, author = {{Alta Planning and Design}}, title = {{S}an {F}rancisco's Shared Lane Pavement Markings: Improving Bicycle Safety}, year = 2004, institution = {San Francisco Department of Parking and Traffic}, address = {San Francisco, CA, USA}, url = {http://www.bicycle.sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/dpt/bike/Bike_Plan/Shared Lane Marking Full Report-052404.pdf}, keywords = {bicycle planning, pavement marking}, annote = { Some useful research on a distinctive type of bicycle facility. I still have mixed feelings on this design, although I can definitely imagine situations where it would be useful. The two major positive points are: it legitimizes cyclists taking the lane; improves distance between bicycles and door zone on streets where bicycles could not be otherwise accommodated. These are both major design achievements; I've spent some time thinking about these exact problems, and haven't come up with anything nearly as effective as this. However, I'm worried that this could be used as an excuse to not build bicycle lanes. A properly designed bicycle lane and parking zone should leave a buffer between parking and cyclists, and is more inviting on busy streets than a shared lane could be. Furthermore, a bicycle lane gives cyclists a real speed advantage in congested traffic: their lane might be empty while vehicle lanes are bumper-to-bumper. The report shows that these markings encourage drivers to give bikes more clearance when passing, and gives bicycles the comfort margin needed to get them out of the dooring zone. Unfortunately, they don't address the issue of pavement markings to encourage parked cars to stay close to the curb, which is also an important part of the story. }, status = {read} } % address? @book{Alv01, author = {Katie Alvord}, title = {Divorce Your Car! Ending the love affair with the automobile}, year = 2001, publisher = {New Society Publishers}, keywords = {general interest, history, transport planning, urban planning}, status = {read} } % TODO: pull out a few refs % annote = { % Some interesting points, especially some good references to land % use scenario studies. A lot of fairly routine background on the way % in, though, and not very brave in its analysis. I'm particularly % disappointed in their pessimistic attitude towards the potential % for change in urban form. % } @article{AndKanMil96, author = {William P.~Anderson and Pavlos S.~Kanaroglou and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Urban Form, Energy and the Environment: A Review of Issues, Evidence and Policy}, year = 1996, month = Feb, journal = {Urban Studies}, volume = 33, number = 1, pages = {7--35}, keywords = {transport planning, land use transport link, urban form, energy}, status = {read} } @article{Ant04, author = {Jerry Anthony}, title = {Do State Growth Management Regulations Reduce Sprawl?}, year = 2004, journal = {Urban Affairs Review}, volume = 39, number = 3, pages = {376--397}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban planning, smart growth}, annote = { Interesting data, but hard to draw many conclusions. The regression model's pooling of data is very dodgy... the 1982--1992 data points and 1992--1997 likely have correlated error terms. I imagine the data has issues, too---I'm wary of urban density figures, particularly when they don't define them carefully and had to analyse every area in the United States. There are interesting insights, though, particularly regarding Hawaii, Washington, and Florida. Florida limits development to areas with adequate infrastructure... but includes ``high level-of-service roads'' as part of the definition, excluding inner-city and dense areas with congested roads! } } @article{ArcSmi93, author = {Wayne R.~Archer and Marc T.~Smith}, title = {Why Do Suburban Offices Cluster?}, year = 1993, journal = {Geographical Analysis}, volume = 25, number = 1, pages = {53--64}, status = {read}, keywords = {location choice, firm behaviour, urban form} } @inproceedings{Arn01, author = {Richard Arnott}, title = {The Economic Theory of Urban Traffic Congestion: A Microscopic Research Agenda}, year = 2001, month = Jul, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Environmental Economics and the Economics of Congestion}, address = {Venice, Italy}, url = {http://fmwww.bc.edu/ec-p/wp502.pdf}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban economics, transport planning, congestion pricing, parking} } @article{Arn69, author = {Shelley R.~Arnstein}, title = {A Ladder of Citizen Participation}, year = 1969, month = Jul, journal = {Journal of the American Institute of Planners}, volume = 35, number = 4, pages = {216--224}, status = {read}, keywords = {public participation, urban planning} } @incollection{AshJohJamBroGre02, author = {Colin Ashton-{G}raham and Gary John and Bruce James and Werner Br{\"o}g and Helen Grey-Smith}, title = {Increasing cycling through `soft' measures ({T}ravel{S}mart)---{P}erth, {W}estern {A}ustralia}, year = 2002, chapter = 18, pages = {274--289}, editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for Urban Planners}, publisher = {Woodhead Publishing}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning, marketing, transit}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html } } @article{AudSheSmi90, author = {Ivonne Audirac and Anne H.~Shermylen and Marc T.~Smith}, title = {Ideal Urban Form and Visions of the good life: {F}lorida's Growth Management Dilemma}, year = 1990, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 56, number = 4, pages = {471--483}, status = {read}, quality = 1, keywords = {urban form, urban planning} } @article{AulKal99, author = {Lisa Aultman-Hall and M.~Kaltenecker}, title = {{T}oronto bicycle commuter safety rates}, year = 1999, month = Nov, journal = {Accident Analysis and Prevention}, volume = 31, number = 6, pages = {675--686}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle accidents, canada}, annote = { Interesting. This is one of the first thorough, scientific attempts at understanding cycling accidents that I've seen. The sampling methodology is always tricky, and their approach here is certainly not perfect. I would have liked to see questions about the type of facility where falls/collisions happened in their survey---this seems like vital information. The actual dataset also has its problems: only a small fraction of total exposure was on paths or sidewalks (6\%). Additionally, the study area only contains a small amount of path facilities (74km), and from what I know of Toronto paths, most were built quite a long time ago and are very poorly designed and maintained. Many sections of the Martin Goodman waterfront trail were horrific when I rode it to work in 1999, and there are some really dodgy sections in the Don Valley system. But otherwise, the study methodology is fairly sound, and the authors are suitably conservative in their conclusions. I don't fully understand their weighting system, but I'll reread that at some point. Overall, I'd be very hesitant to condemn paths or sidewalks on the basis of a study like this. Sidewalks definitely have problems, but this study really only shows that badly designed/maintained paths are unsafe---not a surprise, really. And it says nothing at all about the ``bicycle segregation'' debate, despite popular citations on Wikipedia for that purpose. } } @incollection{Ban94, author = {David Banister}, title = {Equity and Acceptability Questions in Internalising the Social Costs of Transport}, booktitle= {Internalising the Social Costs of Transportation}, publisher = {OECD European Conference of Ministers of Transport}, year = 1994, pages = {153--171}, keywords = {urban economics, equity}, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Ban94/index.html } } @article{Ban04, author = {David Banister}, title = {Implementing the Possible?}, year = 2004, month = Dec, journal = {Planning Theory \& Practice}, volume = 5, number = 4, pages = {499--501}, keywords = {congestion pricing, urban politics}, status = {read} } @inproceedings{BanPuc03, author = {David Banister and John Pucher}, title = {Can Sustainable Transport Be Made Acceptable?}, year = 2003, month = May, booktitle = {Presented at the STELLA Focus Group on Institutions, Regulation and Markets in Transportation}, address = {Santa Barbara, CA, USA}, keywords = {transport planning, intercity transport}, status = {read}, url = {http://policy.rutgers.edu/papers/16.pdf}, annote = { Some good notes on the airline industry, which is often ignored in analyses of sustainable transportation. Leisure travel is a major and growing part of the airline business. Airlines are often in a privileged position in terms of taxes, and have few incentives to reduce externalities. ``When thinking about measures to achieve sustainable transport, there are some (like pricing) that are common to all futures. Such measures need to be implemented now, even though their impacts might be slow in the initial stages. For example, the UK government has increased the costs of driving through raising fuel duty by at least 5 per cent in real terms each year. In the transport sector, this is the main policy being pursued to meet the Kyoto reduction targets for CO2 emissions. Over the past six years, this has increased the price of a litre of fuel from 45 pence to 85 pence (1994-2000), of which 70 pence is tax and duty. The escalator has been removed (2000) after pressure from industry and other interests, particularly those in rural areas.'' } } @inproceedings{Ber04, author = {Inger Marie Bernhoft}, title = {Risk perception and behavior of elderly pedestrians and cyclists in cities in {D}enmark}, year = 2004, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 84th meeting of the Transportation Research Board}, keywords = {pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, streets}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb/trb2004/TRB2004-000897.pdf}, abstract = { The risk perception and behavior of elderly pedestrians and cyclists in cities in Denmark have been revealed by means of a questionnaire administered to both elderly people aged 70 and above and a control group aged 40--49, and interviews with some of the elderly respondents. The elderly appreciate pedestrian crossings, signalized intersections and cycle paths significantly more than the control group does. To a larger extent they feel that it is dangerous to cross the road where these facilities are missing. Furthermore, the elderly pedestrians find the presence of a sidewalk very important on their route whereas the control group more often chooses the fastest route. Differences within the group of elderly respondents can be related to differences in health and physical abilities rather that to differences in age. Generally, the elderly road users state a more cautious behavior in specific traffic situations than the control group. Thus, a significantly higher proportion of the elderly than the control group choose to walk up to a pedestrian crossing if they can see one and stop the bicycle before turning left, and a significantly lower proportion of the elderly choose to cross at a red light, ride on the sidewalk and ride in the opposite direction on the cycle path. } } @article{Ber02, author = {Brian J.L.~Berry}, title = {Paradigm Lost}, year = 2002, journal = {Urban Geography}, volume = 23, number = 5, pages = {441--445}, status = {read}, keywords = {geography}, annote = { A curious slice of the history of geography as a discipline. } } @article{BerleC03, author = {Luca Bertolini and Frank {le Clercq}}, title = {Urban development without more mobility by car? Lessons from {A}msterdam, a multimodal urban region}, journal = {Environment and Planning A}, year = 2003, month = Apr, volume = 35, number = 4, pages = {575--589}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, accessibility}, status = {read}, abstract = { The fundamental dilemma in attempts to make urban development less dependent upon mobility by car is the inability of alternatives to match the quality of accessibility provided by private motorized transport. Failure to recognize this means that bringing about environmentally more sustainable urban mobility patterns is only possible at economic, social, and political costs that are unacceptable in most societies. In this paper we identify and discuss ways out of this dilemma, in the form of solutions that pursue the goal of increasing both sustainability and accessibility. We start by contending that what people ask is not a generic mobility, but rather opportunities to participate in spatially disjointed activities. Accordingly, accessibility should be defined as the amount and the diversity of 'spatial opportunities' that can be reached within a certain amount of time. Solutions to the accessibility - sustainability dilemma building upon this perspective (that is, planning concepts, policy measures) have been the object of recent research at the Universiteit van Amsterdam and are discussed and we look for, and find, evidence of the feasibility of these solutions in the actual trends in the Amsterdam urban region. Some policy implications of the findings are discussed. }, annote = { They define accessibility as the ``amount of `spatial opportunities' that can be reached within a certain amount of time,'' an idea that matches my intuition. They base this on three assumptions about human behaviour: (a) For the most part people travel not just for the sake of it, but in order to participate in spatially disjointed activities (for example, living, working, shopping, visiting in different places); (b) People want to have a choice among as large a number and as diverse a range of activities as possible; (c) Travel costs, and particularly travel time rather than travel distance, set a limit to these possibilities (in the form of total daily travel-time budgets, travel-to-work time budgets, etc.). They also aim for a synergy with sustainability, and express their goal as ``Developing conditions for as large as possible a share of the more environmentally friendly modes in urban mobility, while at the same time maintaining, and possible increasing, the amount and the diversity of activity places that can be reached within an acceptable travel time.'' They note that ``only activities with middle to high spatial reach and low intensity of use (for example, living, working, or recreating in low densities) are best served by the car system''... which would include hiking, I suppose. ``[T]he most significant policy dealing with car environments has been the regulation of parking allowance, which has proved an invaluable tool in managing the accessibility of locations, most notably within the municipality of Amsterdam.'' They close with an interesting note: they call the transport system the supply of mobility, and land-use patterns are the origin of the demand for mobility. It's an interesting and relevant labelling. } } @book{BerLeoWil90, editor = {Cristo Sergio Bertuglia and G.~Leonardi and A.G.~Wilson}, title = {Urban Dynamics: Designing an integrated model}, year = 1990, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {urban economics, transport modelling}, status = {read} } @techreport{Bla02, author = {Timothy Blair}, title = {The Bicycle Compatibility of Streets in Downtown {C}algary}, year = 2002, institution = {University of Calgary, Department of Environmental Design-Planning}, address = {Calgary, AB, Canada}, type = {Master's Project}, url = {http://www.ucalgary.edu/evds/people/alumni/alumni/planning/Tim_Blair/Tim_Blair_MDP.pdf}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @article{Blu04, author = {Evelyn Blumenberg}, title = {En-gendering effective planning: spatial mismatch, low-income women, and transportation policy}, year = 2004, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 70, number = 3, pages = {269--281}, status = {read}, keywords = {equity, gender, transport planning, urban planning} } @techreport{BoaHau00, author = {Marlon G.~Boarnet and Andrew F.~Haughwout}, title = {Do Highways Matter? {E}vidence and Policy Implications of Metropolitan Development}, year = 2000, month = Aug, institution = {Brookings Institution}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, type = {Discussion Paper}, url = {http://www.brook.edu/es/urban/boarnet.pdf}, status = {read}, annote = { I didn't get much new from this paper... but there were some good references, like Moh93 and a range of land use impact studies. It is interesting to see two authors with economics backgrounds write on this subject, and state that highway systems redistribute growth rather than create it---not the view that's taken by many provincial transportation agencies. That said, American cities are generally starting from a higher level of highway provision than Canadian cities. I remain annoyed by the tendency (everywhere in the literature) to discount highways' effect on decentralisation. Yes, they are not a sufficient condition for decentralising---but they are still a necessary condition! If you don't build the highway, the ability to decentralise is extremely limited. }, keywords = {land use transport link, urban planning, transport planning}, abstract = { Growing concerns about traffic congestion and rapid suburban expansion (also known as sprawl) have reignited interest in the ways in which highway spending affects metropolitan growth patterns. This discussion paper extracts the best evidence to date on how highway investments distribute growth and economic activity across metropolitan areas. The paper also offers ideas on how transportation financing and policies can better respond to the various costs and benefits of highway projects in a region. } } @incollection{Boh02, author = {Wolfgang Bohle}, title = {{G}erman cycling policy experience}, year = 2002, chapter = 13, pages = {209--222}, editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for Urban Planners}, publisher = {Woodhead Publishing}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html } } @article{BosFre06, author = {Ron A.~Boschma and Koen Frenken}, title = {Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science? Towards and evolutionary economic geography}, year = 2006, journal = {Journal of Economic Geography}, volume = 6, number = 3, pages = {273--302}, status = {read}, keywords = {economics, geography, economic geography} } @article{Bou96, author = {Larry S.~Bourne}, title = {Reurbanization, Uneven Urban Development, and the Debate on New Urban Forms}, year = 1996, journal = {Urban Geography}, volume = 17, number = 8, pages = {690--713}, status = {read}, keywords = {geography, urban form, urban planning}, annote = { Some interesting discussions on infill development. I found his description of centre-city abandonment interesting: ``premature write-down of the existing built environment.'' That particular economic spin on downtown decay summarizes my intuitive dislike for rundown centre city buildings. Consider a Victorian or Edwardian storefront in downtown Toronto: these are considered too expensive to build today in new neighbourhoods, and yet we let the existing stock of (valuable!) buildings decay in many parts of the city. Bourne discusses an interesting model from Klaassen and van den Burg (over many papers). They characterize urban evolution in four stages: 1) urbanization; 2) outmigration; 3) disurbanization; and 4) reurbanization. It's an interesting breakdown for recent urban history, particularly in Canadian cities that are generally in phase four now. Bourne also discusses the poor information/data available on single-lot infill sites in cities, and some strange strategies to combat urban decay, like Detroit's empowerment/enterprise zone in its centre. } } @article{Boy02, author = {David Boyce}, title = {Is the Sequential Travel Forecasting Paradigm Counterproductive?}, year = 2002, month = Dec, journal = {Journal of Urban Planning and Development}, volume = 128, number = 4, pages = {169--183}, status = {read}, keywords = {transport modelling}, rating = 2, annote = { Some interesting history. He discusses BecMcGWin56, a 1950s Chicago paper that was more ``integrated'' that the traditional four-stage model that was developed in parallel in Chicago. He criticizes the ill-defined feedback in the four-stage model. } } @incollection{BreRoo93, author = {Michael J.~Breheney and Ralph Rookwood}, title = {Planning the sustainable city region}, year = 1993, booktitle = {Planning for a sustainable environment}, editor = {A.~Blowers}, publisher = {Earthscan}, address = {London, UK}, pages = {150--189}, status = {read}, keywords = {sustainability, urban form} } @inproceedings{Bri94, author = {Ray E.~Brindle}, title = {Lies, damned lies and ``automobile dependence''---some hyperbolic reflections}, year = 1994, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1994 Australian Transport Research Forum}, pages = {117--131}, address = {Melbourne, Australia}, status = {read}, keywords = {transport planning, land use transport link}, url = {http://www.aitpm.org.au/annex/0304_RBtech.pdf}, annote = { An interesting read. (See also NewKen89, NewKen89b, NewKen99.) He makes a valid point about NewKen89's central graph: it's statistically misleading. They shows fuel use per capita plotted against density, but the real relationship in their data is between fuel use and urban area. Brindle gets a bit carried away criticizing NewKen89, however; while their presentation and analysis was wrong (severely undermining their credibility), the relationship they claimed does in fact exist, by equivalence with the fuel use vs. urban area relationship. Brindle has, however, shown conclusively that the 30 persons/hectare threshold claimed by NewKen is invalid. Refs: Gom91, Kir92, War91. } } @article{Bri03, author = {Ray E.~Brindle}, title = {Kicking the habit (part 1): some musings on the meaning of `car dependence'}, year = 2003, month = Sep, journal = {Road and Transport Research}, volume = 12, number = 3, pages = {61--73}, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link}, status = {read}, annote = { The article argues that the role of urban form has been over-emphasized in the debate about changing travel habits. Personal preferences may need to be changed instead. There are some interesting quotes regarding access and housing preferences in the 1960s and 1970s, quite useful for understanding how little has changed. } } @techreport{BurLag99, author = {Dan Burden and Peter Lagerway}, title = {Road Diets: Fixing the Big Roads}, year = 1999, month = Mar, institution = {Walkable Communities Inc.}, address = {High Springs, FL, USA}, url = {http://www.walkable.org/download/rdiets.pdf}, keywords = {transport planning, streets, roadspace reallocation}, status = {read} } @article{CaiAtkGoo02, author = {Sally Cairns and Stephen Atkins and Phil Goodwin}, title = {Disappearing traffic? {T}he story so far}, year = 2002, journal = {Municipal Engineer}, volume = 151, number = 1, pages = {13--22}, keywords = {transport planning, streets, roadspace reallocation}, url = {http://www.ucl.ac.uk/transport-studies/tsu/disapp.pdf}, status = {read}, abstract = { Reallocating roadspace from general traffic, to improve conditions for pedestrians or cyclists or buses or on-street light rail or other high-occupancy vehicles, is often predicted to cause major traffic problems on neighbouring streets. This paper reports on two phases of research, resulting in the examination of over 70 case studies of roadspace reallocation from eleven countries, and the collation of opinions from over 200 transport professionals worldwide. The findings suggest that predictions of traffic problems are often unnecessarily alarmist, and that, given appropriate local circumstances, significant reductions in overall traffic levels can occur, with people making a far wider range of behavioural responses than has traditionally been assumed. Follow-up work has also highlighted the importance of managing how schemes are perceived by the public and reported in the media, with various lessons for avoiding problems. Finally, the findings highlight that well-designed schemes to reallocate roadspace can often contribute to a multiplicity of different policy aims and objectives. } } @mastersthesis{Cal99, author = {Beth Callister}, title = {Vancouver area bicycle groups: approaches and effectiveness}, school = {University of British Columbia, School of Community and Regional Planning}, year = 1999, address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada}, annote = { An interesting little essay, including some historical facts about Vancouver cycling groups that I wasn't aware of, such as the fact that BEST was originally an offshoot of Bicycle People. Too bad there's no online copy... reading it on microfiche on UBC campus is a pain. }, keywords = {activism, bicycle planning, urban politics, canada}, status = {read} } @article{Cal02b, author = {Peter G.~Calthorpe}, title = {The Urban Network: A Radical Proposal}, year = 2002, journal = {Planning}, volume = 68, number = 5, pages = {10--15}, status = {read}, abstract = { There is a critical need for a new paradigm of growth on undeveloped sites - one that complements urban infill and revitalization. The alternative transportation network proposed here calls for a new hierarchy of arterials and boulevards that allow for through traffic without always by-passing commercial centers - a road network that reinforces access to walkable neighborhoods and urban town centers without cutting them off from local pedestrian movement. A plan for new growth areas around Chicago proposes 3 types of major roads to replace the standard arterial grid: transit boulevards, throughways, and arterials. The transit boulevards combine the capacity of a major arterial with the intimacy of local frontage roads and the pedestrian orientation that comes with the transit system. Local arterials are multi-lane facilities that transition into a couplet of main streets at the village centers. }, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets, street design, new urbanism}, } @techreport{Cal02c, author = {Peter G.~Calthorpe}, title = {The Urban Network: A New Framework for Growth}, year = 2002, institution = {Calthorpe Associates}, address = {Berkeley, CA, USA}, url = {http://calthorpe.com/clippings/UrbanNet1216.pdf}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets, street design, new urbanism} } @article{Cam96, author = {Scott Campbell}, title = {Planning: Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities? {U}rban Planning and the Contradictions of Sustainable Development}, year = 1996, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 62, number = 3, status = {read}, quality = 4, pages = {296--312}, keywords = {sustainability, urban planning}, annote = { An interesting dissection of the tensions within sustainability. Campbell discusses the types of conflicts that arise between economic, social and environmental interests, and generally argues that the Achilles heel of suistainability remains its fuzzy vagueness. I liked his analogy of the planner as translator, and the need to make full translations of other camps' arguments into the language of each discipline, to ensure that no one camp dominates the other. } } @techreport{CasCro06, author = {Christian J.E.~Castle and Andrew T.~Crooks}, title = {Principles and Concepts of Agent-Based Modelling for Developing Geospatial Simulations}, year = 2006, month = Sep, institution = {University College London Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis}, address = {London, UK}, type = {Working Paper}, number = 110, keywords = {computer science, spatial modelling, agent-based modelling}, status = {read} } @article{deCer04, author = {Allison L.C.~{de Cerre\~no}}, title = {Dynamics of On-Street Parking in Large Central Cities}, year = 2004, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1898, pages = {130--137}, keywords = {parking, streets}, status = {read}, annote = { Not too relevant from a sustainable transportation perspective. The bulk of the paper addresses the mechanics of parking management (metering technology, loading regulations, etc.) rather than the bigger issues of choosing appropriate prices, balancing on-street and off-street parking, encouraging quick turnover short-term parking, or residential permit systems. } } @article{Cer96b, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Jobs-housing balance revisited: Trends and impacts in the {S}an {F}rancisco {B}ay {A}rea}, year = 1996, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 62, number = 4, pages = {492--511}, keywords = {urban planning, land use transport link, urban form}, status = {read}, quality = 4, annote = { This paper is the best I've read on the jobs-housing issue, with a careful distinction between balance and containment, an examination of balance-with-mismatch, and a more careful analysis of the impacts on VMT and mode split. One finding that interested me: balance was not correlated with a substantial change in VMT, but containment was (and was also correlated with higher levels of walking). Another interesting conclusion: imbalance is a planning failure, not a market failure, since it usually happens in jobs-surplus areas where residents apply political pressure (read: NIMBYism) to fight any market-driven changes to the residential stock. I liked the description of jobs-housing balance as the potential for self-containment. I see the actual level of self-containment to be a function of two variables: jobs-housing balance, and travel times. Jobs-housing balance allows a city to easily respond to congestion or degraded travel times, by giving workers the option of moving closer to their jobs. } } % Well, read most of it. @book{Cer98, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry}, year = 1998, publisher = {Island Press}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, status = {read}, annoteurl = {http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Cer98/index.html}, keywords = {transit, urban planning, transport planning, canada, land use transport link, urban form, transit-oriented development} } @article{Cer03, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Road Expansion, Urban Growth, and Induced Travel: A Path Analysis}, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, year = 2003, volume = 69, number = 2, pages = {145--163}, url = {http://www.planning.org/newsreleases/pdf/Cervero.pdf}, quality = 5, keywords = {transport planning, induced travel, urban form, land use transport link}, abstract = { Claims that roadway investments spur new travel, known as induced demand, and thus fail to relieve traffic congestion have thwarted road development in the United States. Past studies point to a significant induced demand effect. This research employs a path model to causally sort out the links between freeway investments and traffic increases, using data for 24 California freeway projects across 15 years. Traffic increases are explained in terms of both faster travel speeds and land use shifts that occur in response to adding freeway lanes. While the path model confirms the presence of induced travel in both the short and longer run, estimated elasticities are lower than those of earlier studies. This research also reveals significant ``induced growth'' and ``induced investment'' effects---real estate development gravitates to improved freeways, and traffic increases spawn road investments over time. Travel-forecasting models are needed that account for these dynamics. }, annote = { A much more sophisticated methodology to help untangle a complicated problem. The model suggests that it may be possible to build out of congestion without road pricing, although the author speculates that the ultimate urban form may look something like Houston. An interesting side note is the role of density, which exerts a strong influence on the level of induced demand. Unfortunately, since the dataset is from Southern California where truly high densities are rare, the model cannot say too much about roadway expansion in dense areas. } } @article{CerDun03, author = {Robert Cervero and Michael Duncan}, title = {Walking, Bicycling and Urban Landscapes: Evidence from the {S}an {F}rancisco {B}ay {A}rea}, journal = {American Journal of Public Health}, year = 2003, volume = 93, number = 9, pages = {1478--1483}, keywords = {active transportation, pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, urban form}, status = {read}, abstract = { Some claim that cardependent cities contribute to obesity by discouraging walking and bicycling. In this article, we use household activity data from the San Francisco region to study the links between urban environments and nonmotorized travel. We used factor analysis to represent the urban design and land-use diversity dimensions of built environments. Combining factor scores with control variables, like steep terrain, that gauge impediments to walking and bicycling, we estimated discrete-choice models. Builtenvironment factors exerted far weaker, although not inconsequential, influences on walking and bicycling than control variables. Stronger evidence on the importance of urban landscapes in shaping foot and bicycle travel is needed if the urban planning and public health professions are to forge an effective alliance against cardependent sprawl. }, annote = { A good study looking at the factors influencing cycling and walking. The perspective is Cervero's usual framework, the three Ds: density, diversity and design. All three are found to have significant influences on bicycle usage, with the residential end being slightly more important. Of the urban form variables, the presence of neighbourhood retail is found to be the strongest predictor of walking. From an evaluation standpoint, I wish these authors would standardize/normalize the coefficients of their models! After limiting to statistically significant variables, normalization would allow me to compare the relative influence of each variable on bicycle usage. It would also be extremely useful to include the mean and standard deviation of all input variables, to allow some rough comparisons to other study areas. If the input data has low variance (e.g., a uniformly low-density suburb), meaningful patterns could be missed. Finally, the bicycle model seems pretty shoddy---the rho-squared value is only 0.13! Since it only considers factors at origin and destination, I imagine it's missing a massive amount of valuable data, like the topography, safety and quality of the route itself. }, url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1447996} } @article{CerKoc97, author = {Robert Cervero and Kara Maria Kockelman}, title = {Travel Demand and the 3 {D}s: Density, Diversity and Design}, year = 1997, journal = {Transportation Research D}, volume = 2, number = 3, pages = {199--219}, status = {read}, keywords = { urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link }, abstract = { The built environment is thought to influence travel demand along three principal dimensions -- density, diversity, and design. This paper tests this proposition by examining how the ``3Ds'' affect trip rates and mode choice of residents in the San Francisco Bay Area. Using 1990 travel diary data and land-use records obtained from the U.S. census, regional inventories, and field surveys, models are estimated that relate features of the built environment to variations in vehicle miles traveled per household and mode choice, mainly for non-work trips. Factor analysis is used to linearly combine variables in the density and design dimensions of the built environment. The research finds that density, land-use diversity, and pedestrian-oriented designs generally reduce trip rates and encourage non-auto travel in statistically significant ways, though their influences appear to be fairly marginal. Elasticities between variables and factors that capture the 3Ds and various measures of travel demand are generally in the .06 to .18 range, expressed in absolute terms. Compact development was found to exert the strongest influence on personal business trips. Within-neighborhood retail shops, on the other hand, was most strongly associated with mode choice for work trips. And while a factor capturing ``walking quality'' was only moderately related to mode choice for non-work trips, those living in neighborhoods with grid-iron street designs and restricted commercial parking were nonetheless found to average significantly less vehicle miles of travel and rely less on single-occupant vehicles for non-work trips. Overall, this research shows that the elasticities between each dimension of the built environment and travel demand are modest to moderate, though certainly not inconsequential. Thus is supports the contention of new urbanists and others that creating more compact, diverse, and pedestrian-oriented neighborhoods, in combination, can meaningfully influence how Americans travel. }, annote = { A solid study, and a useful decomposition of urban form. By the time I got around to reading it, I'd seen several similar papers (like Cervero and Duncan's later followup), so the conclusion was not surprising. } } @article{CerLan97, author = {Robert Cervero and John Landis}, title = {Twenty Years of the {B}ay {A}rea {R}apid {T}ransit system: Land Use and Development Impacts}, year = 1997, month = Jul, journal = {Transportation Research A}, volume = 31, number = 4, pages = {309--333}, status = {read}, keywords = {transit, urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link}, annote = { A good, balanced paper. A few comments on the models: the first model does not account for spatial autocorrelation, which may be an issue. The finding that station location within a highway median, incentive zoning, and restrictive zoning were not statistically correlated with building activity around stations is quite interesting. } } @book{Cho89, author = {Noam Chomsky}, title = {Necessary Illusions: Thought Control in Democratic Societies}, year = 1989, publisher = {House of Anansi}, address = {Toronto, ON, Canada}, series = {CBC Massey Lectures}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.zmag.org/chomsky/ni/}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Cho89/index.html }, keywords = {politics, media} } @article{ClaKui94, author = {William A.V.~Clark and Marianne Kuijpers-Linde}, title = {Commuting in Restructuring Urban Regions}, year = 1994, journal = {Urban Studies}, volume = 31, number = 3, pages = {465--483}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}, annote = { A comparison of trends 1980--1990 in Southern California and the Netherlands. The authors seemed determined to push a particular thesis about increasing automobility and rising polycentricity, but the data from the Netherlands didn't really bear out their thesis: trips were generally getting quicker and both cycling and transit mode share were rising, despite growing auto ownership. They did make an interesting distinction between different forms of polycentric development: an ``archipelago'' with nodes in an urban sea (Los Angeles) versus ``spheres of interest'' where primary nodes have secondary nodes in their sphere (or orbit), and essentially partition the region (Netherlands). } } % Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Professionals, Washington DC @incollection{Cla02, author = {Andy Clarke}, title = {{US} bicycle planning}, year = 2002, chapter = 17, pages = {263--273}, editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for Urban Planners}, publisher = {Woodhead Publishing}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html } } @incollection{Cle02, author = {Jo Cleary}, title = {Developing healthy travel habits in the young: Safe Routes to School in the {UK}}, year = 2002, chapter = 6, pages = {86--99}, editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for Urban Planners}, publisher = {Woodhead Publishing}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html } } % Address? @techreport{Col04, author = {{Colliers International}}, title = {North {A}merican {CBD} Parking Rate Survey}, year = 2004, institution = {Colliers International}, url = {http://www.colliers.com/Content/Repositories/Base/Corporate/English/Market_Report_Corporate/PDFs/ColliersParkingRateSurvey2004.pdf}, keywords = {parking, transport planning, data}, status = {read} } @book{ConEwe03, author = {Heather Conn and Henry Ewert}, title = {Vancouver's Glory Years: Public Transit 1890--1915}, year = 2003, publisher = {Whitecap Books}, address = {North Vancouver, BC, Canada}, keywords = {general interest, history, canada, transit}, status = {read} } @article{CooBatDal98, author = {Denvil Coombe and John Bates and Martin Dale}, title = {Modelling the Traffic Impacts of Highway Capacity Reductions}, journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control}, volume = 39, number = {7/8}, year = 1998, month = Jul, pages = {430--433}, keywords = {transport modelling, roadspace reallocation}, status = {read} } @article{CST04, author = {{Centre for Sustainable Transportation}}, title = {The Need to Reduce Transport Energy Use, and Ways to Do it}, year = 2004, month = Jun, journal = {Sustainable Transportation Monitor}, volume = 10, url = {http://www.cstctd.org/CSTadobefiles/STM10E-final.pdf}, keywords = {canada, energy, goods movement, transit}, abstract = { This Monitor first updates energy matters discussed in previous Monitors. The updating concludes that reducing transport fuel use should be the overriding goal of Canada's transport policies, more important than reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and perhaps a better strategy for making progress towards sustainable transport. This issue then discusses three of the many ways in which transport fuel use could be dramatically reduced. The first would allow short-term gains. It is to make more efficient use of trucks on the road. The second would have its main impacts in the medium term. It is to achieve major reductions in fuel use by new personal vehicles. The third is for the longer term. It is to secure much greater use of tethered vehicles (which get their energy from a rail or wire rather than from an on-board source such as a gasoline tank, a hydrogen storage device or a battery). }, annote = { Some interesting thoughts on fuel usage: the rise in fuel use associated with freight transportation, and the low loading-levels of trucks; the need for a return to tethered transport. }, status = {read} } @techreport{CTTTC05, author = {{City of Toronto} and {Toronto Transit Commission}}, title = {Building a Transit City}, month = Jan, year = 2005, institution = {City of Toronto}, address = {Toronto, ON, Canada}, status = {read}, keywords = {transport planning, transit, canada} } @techreport{CT03, author = {{City of Toronto}}, title = {Bicycle/Motor-Vehicle Collision Study}, address = {Toronto, ON, Canada}, institution = {{City of Toronto}}, year = 2003, status = {read}, url = {http://www.toronto.ca/transportation/publications/bicycle_motor-vehicle/pdf/car-bike_collision_report.pdf}, keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle accidents, canada}, annote = { An excellent, through report of bicycle/motor vehicle collisions, in a Canadian context. See also: Tom00. } } @techreport{CV02, author = {{City of Vancouver}}, title = {Downtown Transportation Plan}, year = 2002, institution = {City of Vancouver}, address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada}, status = {read}, url = {http://vancouver.ca/dtp/final.htm}, keywords = {transport planning, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, goods movement, transit, canada}, annoteurl = {http://www.davidpritchard.org/vacc/dtp}, annote = { This was my real introduction to transport planning, and now in retrospect I can see that this document represents a very progressive stance on transportation planning. See some of my detailed comments on cycling at the VACC website; I've been the lead person on downtown issues for the VACC for the last several years. } } @techreport{CV04, author = {{City of Vancouver}}, title = {Parking By-law}, number = {6059}, type = {By-law}, year = 2004, address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada}, institution = {{City of Vancouver}}, status = {read}, url = {http://vancouver.ca/commsvcs/BYLAWS/PARKING/Parking.htm}, keywords = {parking, zoning, canada}, } @techreport{CVES99, author = {{City of Vancouver Engineering Services}}, title = {1999 Bicycle Plan: Reviewing the Past, Planning the Future}, year = 1999, institution = {City of Vancouver}, address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada}, status = {read}, url = {http://vancouver.ca/engsvcs/transport/cycling/pdf/1999bikeplan.pdf}, keywords = {bicycle planning, canada}, annote = { By the time I actually got around to reading this, I was familiar with much of the content. I'm still surprised by how slowly they're implementing the non-downtown recommendations, but I suppose the downtown needs are by far the most pressing, and quite time-consuming. I like the fact that they actually define level-of-service measures for bicycle routes---I'd be curious to run the counts through a GIS and see how the existing routes do in terms of LoS. } } @article{DavRosAle98, author = {Gavin Davidson and Mark Roseland and Don Alexander}, title = {Area-Wide Traffic Management: An Innovative Strategy for Urban Centres}, year = 1998, journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice}, volume = 4, number = 4, keywords = {transportation demand management, transport planning, canada}, url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp04.4.pdf}, status = {read}, annote = { Some interesting notes, especially relevant for my work with Vancouver's Downtown Transportation Plan. They discuss a consensus-building approach they used in discussions over the plan, bringing stakeholders together in an effort to find some common ground. } } @article{DavNelDue94, author = {Judy S.~Davis and Arthur C.~Nelson and Kenneth J.~Dueker}, title = {The New 'Burbs: The Exurbs and Their Implications for Planning Policy}, year = 1994, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 60, number = 1, pages = {45--59}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban planning, urban form} } @book{Dav01, author = {Mike Davis}, title = {Late {V}ictorian Holocausts: {E}l {N}i\~no famines and the making of the {T}hird {W}orld}, year = 2001, publisher = {Verso}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {history}, status = {read} } @book{Dav02, author = {Mike Davis}, title = {Dead Cities and other tales}, year = 2002, publisher = {The New Press}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, keywords = {general interest, history, sociology, urban planning, urban politics}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Dav02/index.html }, status = {read} } @incollection{Dek04, author = {Devaiyoti Deka}, title = {Social and Environmental Justice Issues in Urban Transportation}, year = 2004, booktitle = {The Geography of Urban Transportation}, editor = {Susan Hanson and Genevieve Giuliano}, edition = {3rd}, chapter = 12, publisher = {Guildford Press}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, pages = {332--355}, status = {read}, keywords = {transport planning, equity}, quality = 4, annote = { A good overview of the full breadth of equity issues in transportation planning. A few distinctive points: 1) access to health care is often ignored. 2) Residential dispersal is a valid solution to spatial mismatch, but transportation is usually touted as the politically easier solution instead. My thoughts: in some ways, providing subsidised transit connections for reverse commutes is a subsidy to suburbanising businesses, giving them access to low-wage employees at a low-cost location. Without that access, they might choose to locate closer to low-wage workers. 3) In addition to poor/rich urban/suburban, short trip/long trip cross-subsidies, there are also peak/off-peak trip cross-subsidies: off-peak travellers (e.g., low income midnight shift workers, part-time workers) do not require the expensive ``peaked'' service of the regular workday. (To be fair, late night service is also often heavily subsidised.) 4) The rationale for federal/state funding of transit projects in suburban areas, despite inefficiency: suburbs pay a substantial chunk of taxes, and need to see some returns. If the funds didn't go through a federal level, this might not be an issue: cities could fund their own transit projects... 5) The environmental justice discussion is interesting, particularly the details of the various Bus Riders' Unions. 6) Rich drivers generate more pollution than poor drivers, both from longer trips and from lower fuel efficiency. } } @article{DeRRae01, author = {Michelle De{R}obertis and Rhonda Rae}, title = {Buses and bicycles: Design alternatives for sharing the road}, year = 2001, month = May, journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal}, publisher = {Institute of Transportation Engineers}, volume = 71, number = 5, pages = {36--44}, status = {read}, keywords = { bicycle planning, transit, streets, pavement marking }, annote = { This is a very good idea for streets with heavy bus traffic. Following the VACC's recommendation, Vancouver has implemented this on downtown Burrard St. } } @techreport{DijLevThoThoVanVanNilJorLunLau98, author = {Atze Dijkstra and Peter Levelt and Jytte Thomsen and Ole Thorson and Jan {van Severen} and Peter Vansevenant and Puk Kristine Nilsson and Else J{\o}rgensen and Belinda {la Cour Lund} and Jan Grubb Laursen}, title = {Best practices to promote cycling and walking}, year = 1998, status = {read}, url = {http://www.cities-for-cyclists.org/dokumenter/adonis.pdf}, keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, pavement colouring, pavement marking, streets}, institution = {{Danish Road Directorate}}, address = {Copenhagen, Denmark}, abstract = { The ADONIS project was commissioned by the European Commission to a Consortium comprising 7 partners as part of the Fourth Framework Programme. Original title of the project is: Analysis and Development Of New Insight into Substitution of short car trips by cycling and walking (ADONIS). The ADONIS project was partly funded by the EU - DG VII Transport RTD Programme, Urban Sector and was co-financed by Danish Transport Council, Danish Ministry of Transport, Municipality of Barcelona, Catalan Institute of Road safety, SAINCO TRAFICO S.A., Swedish Transport \& Communications Research Board and Belgian Institute for Traffic Safety. }, annote = { Interesting ideas: C10 (New types of designs for bus stops) describes some interesting ways of designing bus stops to reduce conflicts with cyclists. In one of the options, the bicycle lane is against the curb, but the bus does not pull into the curb to let passengers off. Instead, it stops in its lane, and passengers walk across the bicycle lane. To help them, zebra crossings are marked across the bicycle lane at the bus doors. I think this design is only needed because buses in Denmark are not allowed to pull up to the curb when there is a bicycle lane. C17a-b (Two-way bicycle traffic in one-way streets in Belgium and the Netherlands) gives some interesting background on the effectiveness of this desirable tactic in those countries, and includes some useful signs used there. C18 (two-way traffic on cycle tracks) makes the interesting point that two-way tracks can be good solutions when there are many T juntions on one side of the street, but few on the other (e.g., next to rail tracks or water). The crossings section is excellent: all of C19--C32 are worth reading. These ideas are first-rate, and few of them have been adopted in North America, from what I've seen. These are some of the biggest issues that I have with current design on this continent. I liked their use of the term ``cycle crossing'' where the bike lane/path is marked through an intersection. The parking section (C33--C38) isn't too revolutionary. There are a few interesting details of free public bicycle programmes, and company bicycle programmes in C40--C42. The rest of the policy section (C39--C44) was unexciting, and likewise for the education section (C45--C52). The organisation section had some interesting ideas. C53 discusses bicycles on public transport (mainly commuter rail routes) in Copenhagen. C56 (``BikeBusters'') describes a programme where committed car drivers were given a free bike, free bus tickets for a year, and asked to fill in trip diaries and track their weight and cholesterol. Others describe bike-to-school programmes, bicycle courier companies, and priority snow cleaning. } } @article{DilCar03, author = {Jennifer Dill and Theresa Carr}, title = {Bicycle Commuting and Facilities in Major {U.S.} Cities: If you Build Them, Commuters will use them}, year = 2003, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1828, pages = {116--123}, abstract = { Some surveys indicate that providing bicycle lanes and paths may encourage more people to commute by bicycle. The presence of a striped lane or separated path can increase a cyclist's perception of safety. With growing concerns over traffic congestion and vehicle pollution, public policy makers are increasingly promoting bicycling as an alternative for commuting and other utilitarian trip purposes. State and local spending on bicycle facilities has increased significantly over the past decade. Previous studies have linked higher levels of bicycle commuting to various demographic and geographic variables. At least one analysis showed that cities with higher levels of bicycle infrastructure (lanes and paths) witnessed higher levels of bicycle commuting. Research was conducted that affirms that finding by analyzing data from 43 large cities across the United States. This cross-sectional analysis improves on previous research by including a larger sample of cities, not including predominantly college towns, and using consistent data from the Bureau of the Census 2000 Supplemental Survey. Although the analysis has limitations, it does support the assertion that new bicycle lanes in large cities will be used by commuters. }, keywords = {bicycle planning}, status = {read}, url = {http://web.pdx.edu/~jdill/Dill\%20Carr\%20TRR\%201828.pdf} } @techreport{DiRCimBar81, author = {John F.~DiRenzo and Bart Cima and Edward Barber}, title = {Parking Management Tactics}, institution = {{U.S.~Federal Highway Administration}}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, volume = {III: A Reference Guide}, year = 1981, number = {FHWA-PL-81-010}, keywords = { parking }, annoteurl = {http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/DiRCimBar81/index.html }, status = {read}, } @inproceedings{Doh03, author = {Sean T.~Doherty}, title = {Should we abandon activity type analysis?}, year = 2003, month = Aug, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Travel Behavior Research}, address = {Lucerne, Switzerland}, url = {http://www.ivt.baum.ethz.ch/allgemein/pdf/doherty.pdf}, annote = { Some interesting results from the CHASE survey. Shows that activity classification types (shopping, work, etc.) correlate very poorly with activity flexibility in time and space. Consequently, using an ``average'' flexibility for each activity type captures very little of the true flexibility of the activities. }, keywords = {activity-based modelling, ilute, travel behaviour}, status = {read} } @incollection{Dot87, author = {Steve Dotterer}, title = {Portland's arterial streets classification policy}, year = 1987, editor = {Anne V.~Moudon}, booktitle = {Public Streets for Public Use}, chapter = 12, pages = {170--179}, publisher = {Van Nostrand Reinhold}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, status = {read}, keywords = {streets, transport planning} } @book{Dow92, author = {Anthony Downs}, title = {Stuck in Traffic: Coping with Peak-Hour Traffic Congestion}, year = 1992, publisher = {Brookings Institution Press}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = { transport planning, congestion pricing, transportation demand management, transit, land use transport link, urban form, induced travel, zoning }, status = {read}, annoteurl = {http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Dow92/index.html} } @book{Dow04, author = {Anthony Downs}, title = {Still Stuck in Traffic: Coping with Peak-Hour Traffic Congestion}, year = 2004, publisher = {Brookings Institution Press}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, status = {read}, keywords = { transport planning, congestion pricing, transportation demand management, transit, land use transport link, urban form, induced travel, zoning }, annoteurl = {http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Dow92/index.html} } @article{Dow05, author = {Anthony Downs}, title = {Smart {G}rowth: Why We Discuss It More Than We Do It}, year = 2005, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 71, number = 4, pages = {367--378}, status = {read}, keywords = { transport planning, urban form, transit, land use transport link, urban politics, smart growth } } @techreport{DRD00, author = {{Danish Road Directorate}}, title = {Collection of Cycle Concepts}, year = 2000, status = {read}, url = {http://www.cities-for-cyclists.org/dokumenter/cyccon.pdf}, keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box, pavement colouring, bicycle segregation, bicycle parking, bicycle accidents, traffic calming}, institution = {{Danish Road Directorate}}, address = {Copenhagen, Denmark}, abstract = { Promotion of more and safer bicycle traffic produces healthier road users and helps to create better towns. Collection of Cycle Concepts presents some ideas on how to increase the use of bicycles and how to prevent bicycle accidents. The growth in car traffic is creating environmental problems and congestion. Compared to other countries in Europe traffic problems in Denmark are still modest. An important explanation for this is the development in the course of the last century of a robust bicycle culture. Today, one trip out of five in Denmark is by bicycle. The future role of the bicycle must also be strong in order to create a sustainable society. It is important to develop and infrastructure that permits the optimal exploitation of the bicycle's qualities and possibilities. A larger share of the short trips in towns can take place by bicycle. The car is often indispensable on longer trips. The bicycle can not be alone. Intermodality is important. The right balance of good roads and paths for pedestrians, cyclists and motorists can create better towns without losing the interaction between modes of transport. The bicycle can more often be used as feeder traffic for coach, bus, train and plane on longer trips. This calls for safe an functional access roads and terminals with good possibilities for interchanges. Not only road administrations, but also companies, institutions, schools associations ets, must contribute to changing our attitudes to transport and making it more acceptable to cycle. The individual advantages are big. Half an hour's cycling daily increases our mean life expectancy by 1--2 years and gives better quality of life, both physically and mentally. There are many measures that can be taken to improve cyclist safety. In spite of this, the accident risk for Danish cyclists has not changed over the past 25 years. It is necessary to approach the problem more systematically and introduce proposed solutions and places and among target groups where they will have the greatest impact. The main challenge is promoting more and safer bicycle traffic is the need to implement a wide range of measures simultaneously. I therefore invite the reader to consider the many ideas contained in Collection of Cycle Concepts---and be inspired of those ideas, which apply to local conditions. }, annote = { This is probably the best bicycle planning guide I've run into so far. Throroughly recommended for anyone interested in these issues, and for anyone already involved in bicycle planning or advocacy. Some of the good stuff: route sweeping, every 2--8 weeks, plus extra autumn service to deal with leaves and a special service for weekends to deal with broken glass near nightlife zones (p.~123); ``cycle crossings,'' where pavement markings are extended through an intersection to reduce conflicts with turning motor vehicles (p.~89); advanced stop lines; cute advertisements (p.~37); signage (pp.~102-105); effect of distance on mode choice (p.~46); discussion of the need for small shops (p.~46); graph showing how age affects cycling speed and distance (p.~12); wheel ramp on stairs (p.~95); bike parking maps (p.~108), with symbols for covered/uncovered and number of spaces. } } @techreport{DT93, author = {Department for Transport}, title = {{A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines for cyclists}, year = 1993, institution = {Department for Transport, Traffic Advisory Unit}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box}, type = {Traffic Advisory Leaflet}, number = {08/93}, url = {http://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_roads/documents/page/dft_roads_504724.hcsp}, status = {read} } @techreport{DT96, author = {Department for Transport}, title = {Further development of {A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines}, year = 1996, institution = {Department for Transport, Traffic Advisory Unit}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box}, type = {Traffic Advisory Leaflet}, number = {05/96}, url = {http://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_roads/documents/page/dft_roads_504717.hcsp}, status = {read} } @unpublished{Dua00, author = {Andr\'{e}s Duany}, title = {The pseudoscience of planning}, year = 2000, note = {Internet}, url = { http://www.dpz.com/Andres-Pseudoscience.htm}, keywords = {urban planning}, status = {read} } @article{Dua02, author = {Andr\'{e}s Duany}, title = {Introduction to the special issue dedicated to the {T}ransect}, year = 2002, journal = {Journal of Urban Design}, volume = 7, number = 3, pages = {251--260}, doi = {10.1080/1357480022000039321}, url = {http://www.dpz.com/pdf/03_Journal_of_Urban_Design.pdf}, status = {read}, keywords = {new urbanism, urban planning, urban design} } @incollection{Dua03, author = {Andr\'{e}s Duany}, title = {Neighbourhood design in practice}, year = 2003, editor = {Peter Neal}, booktitle = {Urban Villages and the Making of Communities}, chapter = 4, pages = {85--102}, publisher = {Spon Press}, address = {London, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {new urbanism, urban planning} } @incollection{DuaPla94, author = {Andr\'{e}s Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk}, title = {The neighbourhood, the district, and the corridor}, year = 1994, editor = {Peter Katz}, booktitle = {{N}ew {U}rbanism: Towards an architecture of community}, publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, pages = {xvii--xx}, status = {read}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {urban planning, architecture, new urbanism, urban design} } @article{DuaTal02, author = {Andr\'{e}s Duany and Emily Talen}, title = {Transect Planning}, year = 2002, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 68, number = 3, pages = {254--266}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban planning, urban form, new urbanism} } @article{Dun04, author = {Robert T.~Dunphy}, title = {Housing and Traffic}, year = 2004, month = Feb, journal = {Urban Land}, volume = 63, number = 2, pages = {76--80}, publisher = {Urban Land Institute}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form}, status = {read}, annote = { Interesting, with some good statistics. The author shows that if transportation and housing costs are combined, total spending amounts to 47--57\% of income across almost all of the United States. The split between transport and housing varies dramatically, of course, but the point is that you aren't really saving people any money by building an auto-dependent region; you're just choosing a different urban form. Top 10 most expensive: San Diego, Tampa, Los Angeles, Miami, Denver, Atlanta, Phoenix, Cleveland and San Francisco. Bottom 11: Portland, Baltimore, Houston, Milwaukee, Kansas City, Anchorage, Pittsburgh, Minneapolis/St. Paul, St. Louis and Honolulu. New York, surprisingly, is right in the middle of the pack. } } @article{Dun04b, author = {Robert T.~Dunphy}, title = {Conflicted Over Congestion}, year = 2004, month = May, journal = {Urban Land}, volume = 63, number = 5, pages = {81--86}, publisher = {Urban Land Institute}, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}, status = {read} } @article{Dun04c, author = {Robert T.~Dunphy}, title = {Pricing Traffic/Pacing Growth}, year = 2004, month = May, journal = {Urban Land}, volume = 63, number = 5, pages = {88--91}, publisher = {Urban Land Institute}, keywords = {congestion pricing}, status = {read}, annote = { Some interesting notes flowing from the London congestion charging scheme. New York has studied the idea, and is in fact already partway there, since they have tolls on many of the bridges entering Manhattan. } } % a.k.a., Moore & Thorsnes @techreport{ECO04, author = {{ECONorthwest}}, title = {Metro Corridors Project: Analysis of Land Use and Transportation Issues}, year = 2004, month = Aug, institution = {Metro and the Transportation Growth Management Program, Oregon Department of Transportation/Department of Land Conservation and Development}, address = {Portland, OR, USA}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.metro-region.org/library_docs/land_use/analysis_land_use_cov_and_text.pdf}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets} } % a.k.a., Moore & Thorsnes @techreport{ECO05, author = {{ECONorthwest}}, title = {Metro Corridors Project: Case Study Report}, year = 2005, month = Jun, institution = {Metro and the Transportation Growth Management Program, Oregon Department of Transportation/Department of Land Conservation and Development}, address = {Portland, OR, USA}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.metro-region.org/library_docs/land_use/case_study_land_use_cov_and_text.pdf}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets} } @techreport{EidOvePugTur06, author = {Jean Eid and Henry G.~Overman and Diego Puga and Matthew A.~Turner}, title = {Fat {C}ity: Questioning the Relationship between Urban Sprawl and Obesity}, year = 2006, type = {Manuscript Paper}, institution = {University of Toronto}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.upf.edu/grec/en/0607/docs/fatcity.pdf}, keywords = {urban planning, active transportation, land use transport link}, annote = { After a quick read, my main criticism regards their choice of neighbourhood variables. I am not convinced that they are capturing ``walkability'' in their coarse residential sprawl index or ``mixed-use'' index. While these two variables are intended to capture density and diversity (ignoring design), they ignore the work environment and probably do a poor job of measuring the residential environment. They also tried using the Smart Growth America sprawl index, but this index is not local enough to capture the necessary neighbourhood-scale effects. Additionally, I have to wonder about their sample---how many walkable environments were actually sampled? In the US, an unstratified sampling strategy would not include many walkable locations. Finally, I have to wonder about time lags: their model only captures a change in BMI in the year following a move (when a change in sprawl/mixed use is observed). What about subsequent years? That said, these weaknesses are present in many other papers in the literature, and they do bring some interesting perspectives and methodology to the table. The inclusion of occupation variables associated with strength and strenuousness was a valuable addition to modelling in this area. I'd need to read the paper more closely before I'd be prepared to defend my complaints, really. } } @article{Ell02, author = {Cliff Ellis}, title = {The {N}ew {U}rbanism: Critiques and Rebuttals}, year = 2002, journal = {Journal of Urban Design}, volume = 7, number = 3, pages = {261--291}, status = {read}, quality = 4, doi = {10.1080/1357480022000039330}, annote = { An excellent summary and rebuttal of the critiques of New Urbanism, with a very solid bibliography thrown in for good measure. Good quotes: ``Neoclassical economics is presented as a neutral methodology, when it actually prescribes a political theory favouring individual self-interest and consumerism over public-spirited behaviour and deliberative political choices.'' ``[...] New Urbanism will not abolish traffic congestion. But all congestion is not equal. San Francisco and Paris have congestion, but the streets are alive, the quality of life is high, and alternatives to driving are plentiful. As many New Urbanists have pointed out, the worst-case scenario is really congestion in the suburbs, where the landscape is openly hostile to pedestrians and transit service is minimal.'' ``Andr\'{e}s Duany has trenchantly argued that it makes no sense to throw away all of our town-planning traditions in the vain hope that a few architectural masterpieces will result. This has produced `an appalling win-loss ratio', with hundreds of disasters littering the landscape for every masterpiece produced.'' }, keywords = {urban planning, new urbanism} } @incollection{Enx99, author = {Gerd Enxing}, title = {Decision Behaviour of Advanced Producer Services with Regard to the Choice of Location}, year = 1999, chapter = 14, booktitle = {Demography of Firms: Spatial Dynamics of Firm Behaviour}, editor = {van Dijk, Jouke and Piet H.~Pellenbarg}, publisher = {Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap/Netherlands Geographical Studies}, volume = 262, address = {Utrecht/Groningen, The Netherlands}, issn = {0169-4839}, pages = {271--283}, status = {read}, keywords = {firm behaviour, demography of firms, location choice} } @techreport{EPA02, author = {{European Parking Association}}, title = {{EPA} Urban Parking Policy Guide: Statement for {COST 342}}, year = 2002, institution = {European Co-operation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST)}, address = {Cologne, Germany}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.europeanparking.eu/europeanparking/cms/Media/epa\%20policy\%20guide.pdf}, keywords = {parking} } @article{Ewi97, author = {Reid Ewing}, title = {Counterpoint: Is {L}os-{A}ngeles-style sprawl desirable?}, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, year = 1997, volume = 63, number = 1, pages = {107--126}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban planning, urban form, land use transport link}, annote = { A good counterpoint to Gordon \& Richardson's article. My one regret with this article: because the author tries to stick to a clearly defensible urban form, and because he tries to avoid seeming ``hopelessly European or Canadian,'' his definition of a ``compact'' urban form is actually quite low-density and sprawling by any other nation's standards. He advocates a density of about 4 units per acre, which is below the level required to support even one bus every half hour. } } @article{EwiBroHoy05, author = {Reid Ewing and Steven J.~Brown and Aaron Hoyt}, title = {Traffic Calming Practice Revisited}, year = 2005, journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal}, volume = 75, number = 11, pages = {22--27}, status = {read}, abstract = { This paper describes a survey that was conducted with 21 U.S. jurisdictions concerning their traffic calming practices. The findings are compared to previous studies to demonstrate how policies and practices have evolved as the field has matured. The jurisdictions were surveyed regarding traffic calming program staffing, budgets, controversies and litigation. Process issues such as project initiation, prioritization/resource allocation, public approval, road user needs and technical issues such as street eligibility were also included. Finding showed significant changes in the mainstreaming of programs within transportation or public works departments, less public controversy surrounding programs, greater reliance on private financing of construction, more public involvement in planning through neighborhood traffic committees, limited expansion of eligibility beyond local streets to collectors and arterials, and expansion of individual agency toolboxes to include a greater range of speed control measures. }, annote = { I was surprised by the tiny amount of money devoted to traffic calming in the jurisdictions they surveyed: only \$80,000 total in Portland, with other funds coming from residents or the general public works department fund. They note that most projects are resident-initiated, rather than being identified by staff. Most cities prioritize projects using reasonable criteria: speed, volume, collisions, proximity to schools/hospitals/parks, ped/bike volumes, density, street width, and sidewalks are sometimes used. Some take a first come, first serve approach, and Sacramento even uses a lottery. }, keywords = { traffic calming, streets, prioritisation } } @article{FajCur01, author = {Joel Fajans and Melanie Curry}, title = {Why Bicyclists Hate Stop Signs}, year = 2001, journal = {Access Magazine}, volume = 18, pages = {28--31}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning, streets, traffic controls}, url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/access.pl?access18.pdf} } @incollection{Fer00, author = {Nils Ferrand}, title = {Multi-reactive Agents Paradigm for Spatial Modelling}, editor = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and Michael Wegener}, booktitle = {Spatial Models and {GIS}: New Potential and New Models}, year = 2000, publisher = {Taylor and Francis}, address = {London, UK}, pages = {167--184}, keywords = {geographic information systems, spatial modelling}, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/FotWeg00/index.html } } @techreport{FHWA98-1, author = {{U.S.~Federal Highway Administration}}, title = {Development of the Bicycle Compatibility Index: a level of service concept}, year = 1998, number = {FHWA-RD-98-072}, institution = {U.S.~Department of Transportation}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.hsrc.unc.edu/research/pedbike/bci/index.html}, annote = { A very interesting study, with a good methodology for determining cyclist comfort. It'd be nice to see this done with some leading-edge designs, like bike boxes or coloured asphalt. The intserection pilot study is also interesting, but inconclusive with respect to design---they only tested 19 sites, which really doesn't seem sufficient to cover the gamut of possible designs. The photographs they showed were predominantly suburban settings, which isn't very helpful in a typical urban Canadian context. } } @article{Fil96, author = {Pierre Filion}, title = { Metropolitan planning objectives and implementation constraints: planning in a post-{F}ordist and postmodern age }, year = 1996, journal = {Environment and Planning A}, volume = 28, number = 9, pages = {1637--1660}, keywords = { geography, urban planning, politics, canada, urban form }, status = {read}, abstract = { Planning faces the predicament that as recommendations become bolder possibilities for implementation deteriorate. This is imputed to society's transition from a Fordist and modern to a post-Fordist and postmodern era. On the one hand, postmodern values account for more public participation and heightened environmental sensitivity, which translate into proposals for alternative forms of urban development. On the other hand, the implementation of these proposals is impaired by reduced public sector resources as a result of the economic instability associated with post-Fordism. Another impediment is the difficulty to achieve sufficient support for planning objectives in the postmodern context. This context is marked by a fragmentation of values, attachment to the existing built environment, and suspicion between social groups. The empirical focus is on Toronto's bold metropolitan planning proposals. Most recent planning documents call for reurbanization efforts, a compact urban form, and reduced reliance on the car. In this paper I cast doubts, however, on the eventual actualization of these proposals by highlighting weaknesses in the present and anticipated implementation context. These are tied to factors that are specific to Toronto, but also to a greater extent to the post-Fordist and postmodern environment. }, annote = { A few interesting ideas. He argues that the postmodern attachment of value to public participation and plural views could undermine processes aimed at changing suburban form to better accommodate plurality. He suggests that NIMBYism arises from suspicion between factions in a fractured society, and this will in turn hinder changes to existing urban form (infill, etc.) and favour greenfield development where such arguments can be avoided. In the light of his arguments, I find policies such as urban growth boundaries more appealing: they prevent greenfield alternatives and force NIMBYism to be confronted directly. Toronto already seems to be headed in this direction, as social housing projects are increasingly recognised as necessary and located in all wards, instead of being fought off by all wards. } } @article{Fil00, author = {Pierre Filion}, title = {Balancing Concentration and Dispersion? Public Policy and Urban Structure in {T}oronto}, year = 2000, journal = {Environment and Planning C}, volume = 18, pages = {163--189}, status = {read}, quality = 5, keywords = { canada, urban planning, geography, urban politics }, annote = { An excellent, detached and comprehensive overview of postwar trends in the Toronto region. The hypothesis that Toronto may have ``the best of both worlds'' by having both dispersed and concentrated environments is an interesting one, although the retention of that status would require both realms to grow at similar rates, which has not been the trend in recent decades. } } @article{Fil01, author = {Pierre Filion}, title = {Suburban Mixed-Use Centres and Urban Dispersion: What Difference do They Make?}, year = 2001, journal = {Environment and Planning A}, volume = 33, number = 1, pages = {141--160}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban design, pedestrian planning}, annote = { Some very good points in a comparison of several Toronto shopping centres that I know well. Hard data makes for an interesting comparison exercise. The amazing thing, really, is the allocation of space in each centre: roughly 2.5:1 ratio of space for cars to space for buildings (except North York Centre, at 2:1), compared with 1:2 in downtown Toronto. North York Centre still comes out almost as bad as the others, since it uses its saved space mostly for open park space (38\% of total space!) ``If suburban mixed-use centres have been successful in juxtaposing different land uses, their integration of these uses has been far less impressive.'' } } @article{Fil03, author = {Pierre Filion}, title = { Towards Smart Growth? {T}he Difficult Implementation of Alternatives to Urban Dispersion}, year = 2003, journal = {Canadian Journal of Urban Research}, volume = 12, number = 1, pages = {48--70}, keywords = { urban planning, urban politics, canada, urban form, smart growth}, status = {read}, abstract = { The smart growth concept has recently achieved prominence within the planning profession. It represents a reaction to mounting resentment towards the adverse consequences of prevailing forms of urbanization: air pollution, high development costs and deteriorating quality of life. The article examines the possibility of implementing smart growth proposals within the prevailing political, economic and value environment. After drawing lessons from the lack of success of attempts at altering urban development over the last thirty years, the article proposes two smart growth strategies. To maintain their implementation potential and capacity to modify urbanization trends, the strategies avoid clashes with entrenched preference patterns and powerful interest groups. The first strategy consists in an expansion of the high-density transit-oriented compact urban realm into the ambient low-density car-dependent dispersed realm. The second strategy involves the creation of mixed-use high-density corridors, hospitable to transit use and walking, within newly urbanized areas. }, annote = { An excellent article, aimed at realistic incremental policies to change urban densities, the main obstacle to mode share changes. The solutions he presents are not new at all, but the political context and discussion of suburban values are worth thinking about. } } @article{FilBunMcSTse04, author = {Pierre Filion and Trudi Bunting and Kathleen Mc{S}purren and Alan Tse}, title = {Canada-{U.S.} Metropolitan Density Patterns: Zonal Convergence and Divergence}, year = 2004, journal = {Urban Geography}, volume = 25, number = 1, pages = {42--65}, keywords = {urban planning, urban form, canada}, status = {read}, abstract = { The paper compares density patterns of the three largest Canadian metropolitan regions with those of a sample of 12 U.S. urban areas with comparable populations. It verifies if such patterns support claims of Canadian urban distinctiveness prevalent within this country's research literature. Findings indicate that regional differences among U.S. cities are as important as cross-national distinctions. Measures of centrality and overall density place observed Canadian metrpolitan areas within the same category as older U.S. East Coast metropolitan areas. Inter-city comparisons of historically and geographically defined zones suggest a period of cross-national convergence before World War II, when the inner city was developed, followed by a period of divergence from the 1940s to the 1970s, when the inner suburb was built. The development of the outer suburb, which began in the early 1970s, marks a return to cross-national convergence. These results question the continued relevance of the literature on the distinctiveness of Canadian urbanization. }, annote = { Very interesting. They find that Canadian cities, as a group, do stand out from American cities---they are denser overall (than American cities of comparable size), and denser in their cores and inner suburbs. In the outer suburbs, however, densities are indistinguishable from American cities. Beyond that, however, Canadian cities have much smaller exurban regions than their American counterparts. They fit a cubic polynomial to the density/distance-from-CBD graph, and don't find Canadian cities to be as distinctive in that measure; I'm not sure how solid their analysis there is, though (haven't read it closely enough). Generally, the Canadian cities are distinctive as a group, since all of the major Canadian cities are dense, but are generally similar to northeastern American cities. The U.S. just has a wider variety of cities. ``Our work does not so much refute the perspective espoused by the Canadian urban specificity literature as situate it historically and geographically. According to zonal findings and events that have marked the evolution of cities in the two countries, most of the noted cross-national differences can be linked to the period that ran from the end of World War II to the 1970s.'' Overall, I don't think their results justify the final sentence of their abstract (repeated in their introduction); I think Canadian cities are quite distinctive. In particular, they don't discuss exurban trends very much, although these are a very significant part of American city development today: the Canadian cities have only 18 percent of their population in exurban areas, while the American cities are clustered closer to 30 percent, with some as high as 50 percent (Atlanta, Boston). } } @incollection{Fis00, author = {Manfred M.~Fischer}, title = {Spatial Interaction Models and the Role of the Geographic Information Systems}, editor = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and Michael Wegener}, booktitle = {Spatial Models and {GIS}: New Potential and New Models}, year = 2000, publisher = {Taylor and Francis}, address = {London, UK}, pages = {33--43}, keywords = {geographic information systems, spatial modelling}, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/FotWeg00/index.html } } @article{FlyHolBuh02, author = {Bent Flyvbjerg and Mette Skamris Holm and S{\o}ren Buhl}, title = {Underestimating costs in public works projects: error or lie?}, year = 2002, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 68, number = 3, pages = {279--295}, annote = { A very interesting article. The theory that actors lie about project costs for political gain is supported by the statistically significant results found in this article. }, keywords = {transport planning, politics, finance, transit}, status = {read} } @incollection{Fot00, author = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham}, title = {{GIS}-based Spatial Modelling: A Step Forwards or a Step Backwards?}, editor = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and Michael Wegener}, booktitle = {Spatial Models and {GIS}: New Potential and New Models}, year = 2000, publisher = {Taylor and Francis}, address = {London, UK}, pages = {21--30}, keywords = {geographic information systems, spatial modelling}, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/FotWeg00/index.html } } @book{FotWeg00, editor = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and Michael Wegener}, title = {Spatial Models and {GIS}: New Potential and New Models}, year = 2000, publisher = {Taylor and Francis}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {geographic information systems, spatial modelling, transport modelling}, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/FotWeg00/index.html } } @article{FraAndSch04, author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Martin A.~Andresen and Thomas L.~ Schmid}, title = {Obesity Relationships with community design, physical activity, and time spent in cars}, year = 2004, month = Aug, volume = 27, number = 2, pages = {87--96}, journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, active transportation, urban form, land use transport link}, url = {http://www.act-trans.ubc.ca/documents/ajpm-aug04.pdf}, abstract = { Obesity is a major health problem in the United States and around the world. To date, relationships between obesity and aspects of the built environment have not been evaluated empirically at the individual level. Objective To evaluate the relationship between the built environment around each participant's place of residence and self-reported travel patterns (walking and time in a car), body mass index (BMI), and obesity for specific gender and ethnicity classifications. Body Mass Index, minutes spent in a car, kilometers walked, age, income, educational attainment, and gender were derived through a travel survey of 10,878 participants in the Atlanta, Georgia region. Objective measures of land use mix, net residential density, and street connectivity were developed within a 1-kilometer network distance of each participant's place of residence. A cross-sectional design was used to associate urban form measures with obesity, BMI, and transportation-related activity when adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. Discrete analyses were conducted across gender and ethnicity. The data were collected between 2000 and 2002 and analysis was conducted in 2004. Land-use mix had the strongest association with obesity (BMI>=30 kg/m^2), with each quartile increase being associated with a 12.2\% reduction in the likelihood of obesity across gender and ethnicity. Each additional hour spent in a car per day was associated with a 6\% increase in the likelihood of obesity. Conversely, each additional kilometer walked per day was associated with a 4.8\% reduction in the likelihood of obesity. As a continuous measure, BMI was significantly associated with urban form for white cohorts. Relationships among urban form, walk distance, and time in a car were stronger among white than black cohorts. Measures of the built environment and travel patterns are important predictors of obesity across gender and ethnicity, yet relationships among the built environment, travel patterns, and weight may vary across gender and ethnicity. Strategies to increase land-use mix and distance walked while reducing time in a car can be effective as health interventions. }, status = {read}, annote = { A very useful addition to the debates on urban form. I'm a fan of anything bring active transportation into the debate, rather than just trying to reduce SOV trips. I'm curious about why they found land-use mix and walking distance to be statistically independent influences on obesity. Their speculation that it may be related to nutrition (and so-called ``food deserts'') is an interesting idea. } } @article{FraPiv94, author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Gary Pivo}, title = {Impacts of mixed use and density on utilization of three modes of travel: single-occupant vehicle, transit, and walking}, year = 1994, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1466, pages = {44--52}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form, transit, active transportation, land use transport link}, abstract = { Findings from an empirical analysis to test the impacts of land-use mix, population density, and employment density on the use of the single-occupant vehicle (SOV), transit and walking for both work trips and shopping trips are presented. The hypothetical relationships tested focused on whether there is a relationship between urban form and modal choice, whether this relationship exists when controlling for non-urban form factors, whether this relationship is linear or nonlinear, and whether a stronger relationship exists between modal choice and urban form when they are measured at both trip ends as opposed to either the origin or the destination. A review of the literature and experiences suggested that a fair amount of information is known about the impacts of density on mode choice. However, considerable debate exists over whether density itself is actually the causal stimulus or a surrogate for other factors. To address this issue a data base was developed with a comprehensive set of variables for which density may be a proxy, for example, demographics and level of service. This analysis employed a correlational research design in which mode choice was compared among census tracts with differing levels of density and mix. Findings from this research indicate that density and mix are both related to mode choice, even when controlling for non-urban form factors for both work trips and shopping trips. Furthermore, the relationship between population and employment density and mode choice for SOV, transit and walking is nonlinear for both work and shopping trips. Transit usage and walking increase as density and land-use mix increase, whereas SOV usage declines. The findings from this research suggest that measuring urban form at both trip ends provides a greater ability to predict travel choices than looking at trip ends separately. The findings also suggest that increasing the level of land-use mix at the trip origins and destinations is also related to a reduction in SOV travel and an increase in transit and walking. }, annote = { Solid research, with more convincing methodology than Sch96 (which I read at about the same time). Overall, the most interesting result of the paper is the demonstration of nonlinearity. Figures 2 and 3 of their paper show a graph of modal share vs. employment density, and vs. population density. These graphs show that major increases in bus/walk modes only happen at employment densities greater than 125 employees/acre (work trips), or 13 residents/acre (shopping trips). The implications for policy are obvious: if you aren't going to reach those thresholds, you're wasting your time. Also, the employment graph shows substantial nonlinearity: between 75 and 125 employees/acre, there is essentially no change in mode share. They also had some predictable results: walking trips were the most sensitive to increases in population density; it's worth considering densities at both trip ends (i.e., both residential population density and employment population density); etc. } } @inproceedings{FriAxh04, author = {Martin Frick and Kay W.~Axhausen}, title = {Generating Synthetic Populations using {IPF} and {M}onte {C}arlo Techniques: Some New Results}, year = 2004, month = Mar, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th Swiss Transport Research Conference}, address = {Monte Verit{\`a}, Switzerland}, keywords = {transport modelling, population synthesis}, status = {read} } @phdthesis{Fur06, author = {Franz F\"{u}rst}, title = {Empirical analysis of office markets: a spatiotemporal approach}, year = 2006, school = {Technischen Universit\"{a}t Berlin, Fakult\"{a}t Wirtschaft und Management}, address = {Berlin, Germany}, status = {read}, url = {http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980667976&dok_var=d1&dok_ext=pdf&filename=980667976.pdf}, keywords = {real estate economics, economics, firm behaviour} } @incollection{Gak94, author = {Ralph Gakenheimer}, title = {Six strategic decisions for transportation in mega-cities}, year = 1994, editor = {Roland J.~Fuchs and Ellen Brennan and Joseph Chamie and Fu-chen Lo and Juha I.~Uitto}, booktitle = {Mega-city growth and the future}, chapter = 13, pages = {332--348}, publisher = {United Nations University Press}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, status = {read}, keywords = {transport planning} } @article{Gar98b, author = {Gary Gardner}, title = {When Cities Take Bicycles Seriously}, year = 1998, month = {September/October}, journal = {World Watch Magazine}, volume = 115, pages = {16--22}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.worldwatch.org/pubs/download/EP115A/}, annote = { A basic overview of the rationale for urban bicycling, and the obstacles facing further promotion. It has some interesting points regarding bike-based police and parking enforcement. I think those officers are great, along with the bike-based paramedics (stretcher trailer and all) I saw in Vancouver's Grey Cup festivities in November 2005. } } @article{GarTay99, author = {Mark Garrett and Brian Taylor}, title = {Reconsidering Social Equity in Public Transit}, year = 1999, journal = {Berkeley Planning Journal}, volume = 13, pages = {6--27}, status = {read}, keywords = {equity, transport planning, finance}, annote = { Some interesting notes on racial/income equity in transit service. Apparently, transit users were only 20\% minorities in 1977--but that rose to 63\% by 1995! I hadn't realised that the racialisation of transport in the USA was so recent. Also, some interesting notes on US funding formulas for transit: a heavy weight on service area coverage, and little weight on ridership achieved. } } @book{GarWac96, author = {Mark Garrett and Martin Wachs}, title = {Transportation Planning on Trial: The Clean Air Act and Travel Forecasting}, year = 1996, publisher = {Sage Publications}, address = {Thousand Oaks, CA, USA}, keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling, activism }, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/GarWac96/index.html } } @article{GarWan05, author = {Norman W.~Garrick and Jianhong Wang}, title = {New Concepts for Context-Based Design of Streets and Highways}, year = 2005, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1912, pages = {57--64}, keywords = { streets, urban design, street design }, status = {read}, annote = { Discusses some of the history of street design standards, and problems with the typical current approach, where freeway design standards are applied to urban street design. Emphasis on design speed, curve radii, and design process. Good refs: Mar02. } } @article{Gil06, author = {Billie Giles-Corti}, title = {People or places: what should be the target?}, year = 2006, journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sports}, volume = 9, pages = {357--366}, status = {read}, keywords = {active transportation, urban form} } @incollection{Gir99, author = {Herbert Girardet}, title = {Sustainable Cities: A contradiction in terms?}, year = 1999, booktitle = {The Earthscan Reader in Sustainable Cities}, editor = {David Satterthwaite}, publisher = {Earthscan}, address = {London, UK}, status = {read}, quality = 2, keywords = {sustainability} } @article{Giu92, author = {Genevieve Giuliano}, title = {Transportation demand management: promise or panacea?}, year = 1992, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 58, number = 3, pages = {327--335}, status = {read}, keywords = { transport planning, transportation demand management } } @article{Giu92b, author = {Genevieve Giuliano}, title = {Is Jobs-Housing Balance a Transportation Issue?}, year = 1992, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1305, pages = {305--312}, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}, status = {read}, annote = { A good discussion of this issue, although it's admittedly not a topic I find particularly important. One possible reason why suburb-to-suburb commutes may wind up being relatively short: ``the relative homogeneity of suburban areas (making it easy to locate near one's job, or conversely negating any advantage of living far from one's job).'' In general, I agree with most of the author's conclusions. I don't see jobs-housing balance as a central issue in transportation planning. I would aim more for diversity: providing a mixture of types of jobs and types of housing in every community. Aiming for an exact or near-exact balance is futile, as the author argues, but I believe that there is nonetheless a need to give people the option of locating near their jobs, which may not be provided automatically by the market. (See, for example, the absence of family-oriented condominiums in downtown Toronto, despite clear evidence of a demand after they were built in downtown Vancouver.) }, url = { http://www.uctc.net/papers/133.pdf } } @incollection{Giu04, author = {Genevieve Giuliano}, title = {Land Use Impacts of Transportation Investments: Highways and Transit}, year = 2004, booktitle = {The Geography of Urban Transportation}, editor = {Susan Hanson and Genevieve Giuliano}, edition = {3rd}, chapter = 9, publisher = {Guildford Press}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, pages = {237--273}, quality = 4, keywords = {transport planning, land use transport link, urban planning}, status = {read}, annote = { A very good article, covering the theory, the empirical tests, and the methodology involved in measuring land use impacts. Overall, I agree with most of the analysis, with the exception of the closing tirade against planners who support transit and oppose highway expansion. I found the discussion of the 1980 beltway study (PayBla80) quite interesting---54 U.S. cities, with and without beltway highways, to see what the impacts were on central cities. It's a good question about regional structure and urban form. There is one key difference between the highway studies and the transit studies cited: since the studies are American, the highways are in areas with no competing modes. As a result, presence/absence of a highway is an indication of the presence/absence of access, really, since the transit service is almost universally poorer than the road access. The transit facilities, by contrast, each represent fairly incremental improvements to access to areas that are already well-served by highways; furthermore, they are competing with highways, while the highway projects listed aren't really competing with transit. Finally, many of the transit facilities studied sound like examples of poor planning overall. Boarnet \& Chalermpong's 2001 study of toll roads in Orange County shows an example of a simple highway project providing access to an otherwise inaccessible region. If there was a comparable example of rail providing access to an empty hinterland (like streetcars at the turn of the century), it might make a fair comparison. For this reason, I'd like to look closer at Haider \& Miller's study in Toronto. It's a context where both modes are quite viable: rail and highways both attract significant customers. Absence of highways does not mean absence of access, since transit can fill that void; and vice versa. That said, the conclusions the author draws about highway impacts and transit impacts are somewhat fair. I would perhaps expand the field of impact of rail beyond the narrow corridor she ascribes to it---with feeder bus systems, a rail line can have impacts well beyond its immediate corridor. The one argument I would like to pursue further is the author's claim that transit systems should have a decentralising effect similar to highways, since they provide access and allow people to access the centre quickly from a distance. From a theoretical perspective considering a single rail line, I agree with this; however, it ignores two important points: the focussing effect of transit, and the accessibility peaks at intersecting facilities. Mutually supportive transit+land use involves a concentration of activities along the transit corridor, focusing origins/destinations within a linear region. Highways do also have some focusing effects---hence the higher land values near interchanges. However, since the transit feeder mode is usually foot rather than car, a transit facility will tend to have a stronger focusing effect. This is not a direct argument against decentralisation, but it is a partial argument: the transit facility may allow radial decentralisation, but it will simultaneously encourage circumferential centralisation. Finally, when multiple transportation facilities intersect, there is a peaking of accessibility, providing a single focal point. This can be seen at the intersection of freeways, or the intersection of transit lines. It is here that transit can encourage radial centralisation: if multiple transit facilities intersect at the city centre, the accessibility peak created at that location could potentially counter the decentralising effects of the individual transit lines. Transit probably has more potential for centralising than highways do, since more than two transit facilities can intersect in close geographic proximity---or, as in many North American city centres, multiple transit facilities and a highway could converge on the downtown. } } @book{God94, author = {Stephen B.~Goddard}, title = {Getting There: The Epic Struggle between Road and Rail in the {A}merican Century}, year = 1994, publisher = {The University of Chicago Press}, address = {Chicago, IL, USA}, keywords = {history, finance, urban politics} } @techreport{Gol04, author = {Michael Goldberg}, title = {Transportation as an Economic Growth Engine: Challenges, Opportunities and Policy Suggestions}, year = 2004, month = Dec, institution = {British Columbia Progress Board}, status = {read}, keywords = { transport planning, politics } } @techreport{Goo95, author = {Phil Goodwin}, title = {The end of hierarchy? {A} new perspective of managing the road network}, year = 1995, institution = {Council for the Protecton of Rural England}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {streets, transport planning} } @misc{Goo97, author = {Phil Goodwin}, title = {Solving Congestion}, year = 1997, howpublished = {Inaugural Lecture for the Professorship of Transport Policy, University College London}, url = {http://www.cts.ucl.ac.uk/tsu/pbginau.htm}, status = {read}, keywords = {transport modelling, history, transport planning}, annote = { A good overview of progress from the 1960s ``predict and provide'' approach to the current idea that road capacity is fundamentally a policy decision. } } @article{Goo04, author = {Phil Goodwin}, title = {Congestion Charging in Central {L}ondon: Lessons Learned}, year = 2004, month = Dec, journal = {Planning Theory \& Practice}, volume = 5, number = 4, pages = {501--505}, keywords = {congestion pricing, urban politics, transport modelling}, status = {read}, annote = { Some interesting analysis of the politics in this issue. Goodwin notes that the use of revenue from congestion charging is an essential part of any scheme, in which ``the beneficiaries were as visible and influential as the motorists who paid it'' even if the only goal is to reduce congestion, not to raise revenue. In London's case, the revenue was funneled to public transport improvements. He also notes the implications for modelling: the traffic reduction was at the upper end of the range estimated by models, and the revenues from the scheme were hence lower than expected. ``This is not particular to road pricing: it is part of a general reappraisal of establish transport modelling techniques, which have a built-in tendency to underestimate the range and complexity of the behaviour response to policy, which in turn causes an overestimation of the benefits of infrastructure expansion, and an underestimation of the benefits of demand management.'' In a footnote, he adds that ``some of the earlier modelling work had actually forecast a bigger effect, closer to what happened, but this had been progressively revised downwards by the modelling teams in order to produce robust, defensible, conservative assessments.'' } } @article{GooHasCai98, author = {Phil Goodwin and Carmen Hass-Klau and Sally Cairns}, title = {Evidence on the Effects of Road Capacity Reductions on Traffic Levels}, journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control}, volume = 39, number = 6, year = 1998, month = Jun, pages = {348--354}, keywords = {transport modelling, transport planning, roadspace reallocation}, status = {read} } @article{GorVip05, author = {D.~Gordon and S.~Vipond}, title = {Gross density and {N}ew {U}rbanism: comparing conventional and {N}ew {U}rbanist suburbs in {M}arkham, {O}ntario}, year = 2005, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 71, number = 1, pages = {41--54}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban design, urban form, transport planning, urban planning, new urbanism }, annote = { Very interesting. Markham looks like it may be a good control case for future investigations. Having lived away from the GTA for many years, I was surprised to hear of consistent support for such policies from Markham, which was quite car-dependent in my time. } } @article{GorKumRic89, author = {Peter Gordon and Ajay Kumar and Harry Richardson}, title = {The Influence of Metropolitan Spatial Structure on Commuting Time}, year = 1989, journal = {Journal of Urban Economics}, volume = 26, pages = {138--151}, keywords = {urban form, urban planning, transport planning, transport modelling, land use transport link}, status = {read}, annote = { A reasonable paper, but I'm skeptical of the data. The authors used highly aggregated metropolitan-level data to draw inferences about travel behaviour, which seems a bit dubious. They did at least include a variable summarizing how ``monocentric'' each area was, but did not otherwise disaggregate the data at all. I'm not convinced that behaviour can be analysed meaningfully at that scale. } } @article{GorRic97, author = {Peter Gordon and Harry Richardson}, title = {Are Compact Cities a Desirable Planning Goal?}, year = 1997, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 63, number = 1, pages = {95--106}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form}, quality = 2, status = {read}, url = {http://astro.temple.edu/~jmennis/Courses/GUS_0150/readings/Gordon97.htm}, annote = { While initially convincing, this article relies on some very dubious rhetorical methods to attack compact urban form. It's worthwhile if only to help develop the critical skills to dissect invalid argumentation. Be sure to read Ewing (1997) as well. } } % Only actually read chapter 6 and part of chapter 3. @book{GraMar01, author = {Stephen Graham and Simon Marvin}, title = {Splintering Urbanism}, year = 2001, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {geography, transport planning} } @article{Gra02, author = {Jill Grant}, title = {Mixed Use in Theory and Practice: {C}anadian Experience with Implementing a Planning Principle}, year = 2002, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 68, number = 1, pages = {71--84}, quality = 1, status = {read}, keywords = {canada, urban planning, urban form, zoning} } @article{Gre03, author = {Michael J.~Greenwald}, title = {The Road Less Travelled: {N}ew {U}rbanist Inducements to Travel Mode Substitution for Nonwork Trips}, year = 2003, journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research}, volume = 23, number = 1, pages = {39--57}, status = {read}, doi = {10.1177/0739456X03256248}, keywords = {urban planning, urban form, land use transport link, transport planning, pedestrian planning}, annote = { I haven't fully absorbed the meaning of this author's models yet. } } @incollection{Gri02, author = {John Grimshaw}, title = {The {UK} {N}ational {C}ycle {N}etwork: a millenium project}, year = 2002, chapter = 7, pages = {100--109}, editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for Urban Planners}, publisher = {Woodhead Publishing}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html } } @techreport{GVRD96, author = {{Greater Vancouver Regional District}}, title = {Livable Region Strategic Plan}, year = 1996, institution = {Greater Vancouver Regional District}, address = {Burnaby, BC, Canada}, keywords = {urban planning, urban form, transport planning, canada}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.gvrd.bc.ca/growth/lrsp/LRSP.pdf} } @techreport{GVRD04, author = {{Greater Vancouver Regional District}}, title = {2003 Sustainability Report}, year = 2004, institution = {Greater Vancouver Regional District}, address = {Burnaby, BC, Canada}, keywords = {urban planning, canada}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.gvrd.bc.ca/sustainability/SRIReport03/SR2003.pdf} } @article{Hal97, author = {Peter Hall}, title = {The Future of the Metropolis and its Form}, year = 1997, journal = {Regional Studies}, volume = 31, number = 3, pages = {211--220}, status = {read}, keywords = {land use transport link, urban form}, annote = { Some interesting discussion of the British experience in urban planning, drawing from Stone (1973). On the basis of cost, Stone recommended settlements of about 250,000 people instead of a huge monocentric city. Hall draws comparisons between the British experience of heavy land use regulation and the American experience, and finds that while British planning restricted land supply and raised housing prices, any solution today would require massive releases of land in high pressure areas, causing a dismemberment of the land use planning system. He discussed European sustainable urban development policies (pedestrian zones, traffic calming, and road pricing), but argues that by focusing on the centre they may be transferring the problem to the suburbs. He includes some interesting discussion of late 1990s planning efforts in France to provide radial transit to the inner suburbs of Paris (ORBITALE) and extensions of the RER system (LUTECE). He also discusses the Dutch ABC system (EXTRA). }, quality = 3 } @incollection{Hal01, author = {Peter Hall}, title = {Sustainable cities or town cramming?}, year = 2001, booktitle = {Planning for a sustainable future}, editor = {Antonia Layard and Simin Davoudi and Susan Batty}, pages = {101--114}, publisher = {E\&FN Spon}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, chapter = 7, status = {read}, keywords = {urban form, urban planning}, annote = { I found this article interesting, and it spanned a wide range of the debates on ``desirable density.'' I liked the effort to discuss net vs. gross density, comparisons of many different measures, the relation to declining household size (and hence lower person densities), and the relation to transit service. However, I found some of the arguments unpersuasive, particularly the argument in favour of a density of 30--40 units/net hectare---but perhaps I need to read the source study. I quite liked the historical aside of ``London vs. the continent'' (Rasmussen 1937) and even the bleeding edge of American debate (Jacobs and Appleyard 1987). Useful refs on density: DETR 1998 report (BSPUCLLD98), Rudlin and Falk (1999); also, Susan Owens (1984). } } @article{Hal04, author = {Peter Hall}, title = {The {B}uchanan Report: 40 years on}, year = 2004, journal = {Transport}, volume = 157, number = 1, pages = {7--14}, doi = {10.1680/tran.157.1.7.36462}, keywords = {history, urban planning, transport planning} } @article{HanBoaEwiKil02, author = {Susan L.~Handy and Marlon G.~Boarnet and Reid Ewing and Richard E.~Killingsworth}, title = {How the built environment affects physical activity: Views from urban planning}, year = 2002, journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine}, volume = 23, number = {2S}, pages = {64--73}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban form, land use transport link, urban planning, active transportation} } @article{HanCaoMok06, author = {Susan L.~Handy and Xinyu Cao and Patricia L.~Mokhtarian}, title = {Self-Selection in the Relationship Between the Built Environment and Walking: Empirical Evidence from {N}orthern {C}alifornia}, year = 2006, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 72, number = 1, quality = 4, status = {read}, pages = {55--74}, keywords = {pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, land use transport link}, annote = { An excellent article investigating the role of attitudes in walking and biking. Most importantly, they attempted a quasi-longitudinal method. They discussed the feedbacks between the act of walking and attitudes about walking, although their method is not sophisticated enough to examine those feedbacks. Some of the numbers are scary. For the average suburban respondent, the minimum distance to any establishment was about 550m, versus 250m for an urban respondent. The distance to any household maintenance establishment (e.g., groceries, drugstore, etc.) was 800m versus 400m for urban. No wonder no one walks! Their cycling model had a surprisingly high R-squared value, 0.258---most disaggregate cycling models that I've seen are much lower. Cervero \& Duncan had about 0.13; Krizek had about 0.22. Mind you, this could just be a result of their model structure, which is quite unusual. Regarding their actual models, I'm mildly concerned by the pro-bike/walk and pro-transit attitude variables in their cycling model. While the signs are plausible, the variables are fairly highly correlated; is it possible that the parameters are therefore misestimated? (Mind you, a correlation of 0.3 isn't that high, at the end of the day.) More importantly, what is the ``alternatives factor''? I'm guessing that it refers to the ``PA options'' factor, but it's not clear. Finally, why is a change in the ``socializing behaviour'' in the new neighbourhood associated with greater cycling? This isn't explored in the paper, but I could imagine that it means ``more other people out cycling''---the classic ``safety in numbers'' hypothesis from the cycling literature. }, url = {http://www.ndsu.edu/ndsu/xinyu/JAPA_Walking.pdf} } @incollection{Han04, author = {Susan Hanson}, title = {The context of urban travel}, year = 2004, booktitle = {The Geography of Urban Transportation}, editor = {Susan Hanson and Genevieve Giuliano}, edition = {3rd}, chapter = 1, publisher = {Guildford Press}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, pages = {3--29}, quality = 3, keywords = {transport planning}, status = {read}, annote = { Nothing too exciting here; basically just Transport Planning 101. } } @article{Har94, author = {Britton Harris}, title = {The real issues concerning {L}ee's ``{R}equiem''.}, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 60, number = 1, pages = {31--34}, year = 1994, annote = { Dismisses Lee73. Mostly critical of the tone of the article, and the divisions it produced in the planning community, divorcing planning from modelling for a long period. Claims are mostly about Lee's rhetoric, the authorities he appealed to, and his limited understanding of the models. Comparisons with GIS are unfortunate, since GIS has a much larger market and hence has seen much faster development than transport modelling. }, keywords = {spatial modelling, transport modelling}, status = {read} } @book{Har96, author = {Richard Harris}, title = {Unplanned Suburbs: {T}oronto's {A}merican Tragedy, 1900 to 1950}, year = 1996, publisher = {John Hopkins University Press}, address = {Baltimore, MD, USA}, keywords = {urban planning, history, urban form, canada}, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Har96/index.html } } @incollection{Har02, author = {James Harrison}, title = {Planning for more cycling: the {Y}ork experience bucks the trend}, year = 2002, chapter = 9, pages = {143--154}, editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for Urban Planners}, publisher = {Woodhead Publishing}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html } } @article{Heb03, author = {Michael Hebbert}, title = {{N}ew {U}rbanism: the movement in context}, year = 2003, journal = {Built Environment}, volume = 29, number = 3, pages = {193--209}, status = {read}, doi = {10.2148/benv.29.3.193.54285}, keywords = {new urbanism} } @article{HeiSch04, author = {Andrew Heisz and Grant Schellenberg}, title = {Public Transit Use Among Immigrants}, institution = {Statistics Canada}, year = 2004, journal = {Canadian Journal of Urban Research}, volume = 13, number = 1, pages = {170--191}, keywords = { canada, transit, transport planning, sociology }, annote = { Some very interesting notes regarding immgrants' use of public transit. ``We find that recent immigrants are much more likely than the Canadian born to use public transit to commute to work, even after controlling for age, gender, income, distance to work, and distance between place of residence and the city centre. Two factors seem to explain this high rate of transit usage. First, immigrants tend to use public transit in their commute to work more when they are new to Canada (independent of other factors such as age and income) but their rate of transit use declines as they reside in Canada for longer periods of time. Second, newer cohorts of immigrants have higher rates of transit use than earlier cohorts, suggesting that they may be different in some ways that have not been observed. [...] Projections for future public transit needs could take into account that the urban population is not only growing, but is also compositionally shifting towards a high-usage group.'' They also found some interesting results about immigrants' source countries: ``In both Toronto and Montreal, the incidence of public transit utilization is highest among immigrants from the Carribean, Southeast Asia, Central and South America, and Africa; they are lowest among immigrants from Easy Asia, Europe, West Asia, North America and Oceania.'' Results from Vancouver were unfortunately very distorted due to the transit strike that took place during the 2001 census, especially changing usage patterns in Skytrain-serviced areas versus bus-serviced areas. It's worth noting that immigrants from all of these source nations were much more likely to use transit than the Canadian born, usually by margins of at least 50\%. }, status = {read} } @article{Her98, author = {Brita Hermelin}, title = {Location of Professional Business Services}, year = 1998, journal = {European Urban and Regional Studies}, volume = 5, number = 3, pages = {263--275}, keywords = {location choice, economic geography, firm behaviour}, abstract = { The location pattern of advanced professional business services is a matter of interest among scholars in economic geography and neighbouring disciplines. This article considers location factors in the context of a conceptual discussion as well as a Swedish case- study. The conclusions suggest that there are reasons to reevaluate the relative importance of different location factors. Although the factor of proximity to clients (the market) is important and tends to dominate the discussion in much research in geography, it offers only a partial explanation of the location of professional business services firms. This article produces arguments for the importance of several other location factors: professional labour, localization and urbanization economies, and the circumstances surrounding the establishment of firms as well as their subsequent history. }, status = {read} } @inproceedings{Her99, author = {Lene Herrstedt}, title = {The {D}anish Strategy to Promote Safe Cycling}, year = 1999, booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo-City 99}, address = {Graz, Austria}, pages = {3--9}, status = {read}, url = {ftp://kamen.uni-mb.si/velo-city99/proceedings.pdf}, abstract = { One of the targets in the Danish masterplan for transport ``Traffic 2005'' is to promote cycling and walking in Danish cities and at the same time to improve traffic safety for cyclists and pedestrians as well as for road users in general. Around 4\% of car traffic mileage should be transferred to cycling and walking before 2005. The traffic safety target of the masterplan, in spite of increasing traffic is to reduce the number of persons killed and injured by 45\% before the year 2000 with reference to the year 1988. In 1997, the Danish Government published a new national traffic safety strategy ``Every accident is one too many''. This strategy pays specific attention to the safety of cyclists. Demonstration projects co-financed by the government have been initiated to demonstrate some examples on how to realize the intentions and targets. In addition, new research activities have been initiated. In 1997, the Ministry of Transport established a Cyclist Forum with the purpose of creating a dialogue among local, regional and state level Road Authorities and the different players involved or related to planning and safety of cycling. In the spring of 1999, the Ministry of Transport is going to introduce a new national cycling strategy and the Danish Road Directorate will introduce a new handbook for local technicians and planners - a Catalogue of Ideas for recommendable solutions to promote safe cycling. This paper presents the Danish strategy for promoting safe cycling - including an overview of the policy, activities and experiences so far. }, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @techreport{HesMil06, author = {Paul Hess and Beth M.~Milroy}, title = {Making {T}oronto's Streets}, year = 2006, institution = {University of Toronto, Department of Geography and Planning}, address = {Toronto, ON, Canada}, quality = 4, status = {read}, url = { http://www.cuhi.utoronto.ca/research/Toronto%20Streets%20Report%20Sept%202006.pdf }, keywords = { streets, pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, canada, street design, urban design, prioritisation } } @article{HesMouSnySta99, author = {Paul Hess and Anne V.~Moudon and Mary C.~Snyder and Kiril Stanilov}, title = {Neighborhood Site Design and Pedestrian Travel}, year = 1999, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1674, status = {read}, pages = {9--19}, keywords = {pedestrian planning, urban design, streets}, annote = { Some interesting notes about site design. It's a refreshingly concrete comparison of urban and suburban neighbourhood design. I don't think I'd realised just how sparse some American street networks are until I saw the maps of Mariner, Seattle... I can't find any Canadian suburb that empty. Not that it makes Canadian suburbs any more walkable---our suburban pattern may be dense, but it's still extremely disconnected. The scale of suburban blocks was also surprising: 300m-400m per side, on average, compared to 90m-122m for urban blocks. The rule of thumb is that people won't walk more than 400m to a bus stop---one block in the suburbs. Not to mention the perceptual bleakness of walking forever in these empty spaces... I found the comments here about pedestrian traffic to different sized commercial centres interesting. They found that in suburban neighbourhoods, pedestrians preferred medium-sized centres over other sizes. I wonder what the reasons are---perhaps the auto-favouring design features around large suburban centres, or the barrier caused by their colossal parking lots? I really liked the discussions on micro design. While many reports talk about illegal jaywalking, they at least note that in many suburban areas, the distance between legal crossings is usually 400-800m---a huge distance for someone on foot. Is it any wonder that people jaywalk? They also noted the problems of fences around apartment complexes, schools, and commercial areas---I can't count the number of times I've walked the most direct path out of a suburban location only to find a fence, and then being forced to retrace my steps, walking an extra 500-1000m for no reason whatsoever. Finally, I liked the idea of a ``latent'' pedestrian market in medium-density suburbs, that could be brought out with improved design. } } @incollection{Hil96b, author = {Mayer Hillman}, title = {In Favour of the Compact City}, year = 1996, booktitle = {The Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Form?}, editor = {Mike Jenks and Elizabeth Burton and Katie Williams}, publisher = {E\&FN Spon}, address = {London, UK}, pages = {36--44}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban form, sustainability} } @article{Hil01, author = {Mayer Hillman}, title = {Prioritising Policy \& Practice to Favour Walking}, year = 2001, journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice}, volume = 7, number = 4, pages = {39--43}, status = {read}, keywords = {pedestrian planning, prioritisation}, url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp07.4.pdf} } @incollection{Hol02, author = {Dave Holladay}, title = {Cycling with public transport: combined in partnership, not conflict}, year = 2002, chapter = 8, pages = {110--142}, editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for Urban Planners}, publisher = {Woodhead Publishing}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning, transit}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html } } @incollection{HolLinMal00, author = {Einer Holm and Urban Lindgren and Gunnar Malmberg}, title = {Dynamic Microsimulation}, editor = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and Michael Wegener}, booktitle = {Spatial Models and {GIS}: New Potential and New Models}, year = 2000, publisher = {Taylor and Francis}, address = {London, UK}, pages = {143--165}, keywords = {geographic information systems, spatial modelling}, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/FotWeg00/index.html } } @article{Hua96, author = {Herman Huang}, title = {The Land-Use Impacts of Urban Rail Transit Systems}, year = 1996, journal = {Journal of Planning Literature}, volume = 11, number = 1, pages = {17--30}, status = {read}, quality = 4, annote = { A brief survey of literature on Toronto, San Francisco, Washington, Boston, Cleveland, Atlanta, Calgary, Edmonton, Portland and San Diego. Many, many good references. }, keywords = {urban planning, transit, transport planning, land use transport link, urban form, canada} } @techreport{HubWil03, author = {Tom Huber and John Williams}, title = {Wisconsin Bicycle Planning Guidance}, year = 2003, month = Jun, url = {http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/projects/state/docs/bike-guidance.pdf}, keywords = {bicycle planning, pavement marking, traffic calming, traffic controls}, institution = {Wisconsin Department of Transportation}, address = {Madison, WI, USA}, status = {read} } % To appear: Journal of Advanced Transportation @techreport{Hun06, author = {John Douglas Hunt}, title = {An Examination of Bicycle Use Sensitivities Over Time Using Stated Preference}, year = 2006, type = {Technical Paper}, number = {TP-06015}, institution = {Institute for Advanced Policy Research, University of Calgary}, address = {Calgary, AB, Canada}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, url = { http://www.iapr.ca/images/stories/pdfs/iapr-tp-06015.pdf } } %journal = {Transportation}, @unpublished{HunAbr01, author = {John Douglas Hunt and John Edward Abraham}, title = {Influences on bicycle use}, year = 2001, month = Oct, note = {Unpublished?}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, url = {http://www.ucalgary.ca/\%7Ejabraham/Papers/edmontonbike/EdmontonCyclingPaperForTransportation.pdf}, status = {read} } @article{HunBroSte02, author = {John Douglas Hunt and Alan T.~Brownlee and Kevin J.~Stefan}, title = {Response to {C}entre {S}treet {B}ridge closure: where the ``disappearing'' travellers went}, year = 2002, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1807, keywords = {induced travel, canada, transport modelling, streets, roadspace reallocation }, url = {http://www.ucalgary.ca/\%7Ejabraham/Papers/centrest/TRB_CENT.pdf}, status = {read}, abstract = { An ongoing topic of interest in urban transportation engineering is the impact of changes in road network capacity upon the amount of vehicle travel made in the urban area. In many cases the debate focuses on the potential increases in vehicle travel occurring with increases in road capacity - the phenomenon of ``induced demand''. Some studies have also looked at the effects of reductions in roadway capacity, and found that in many of these cases reductions in vehicle travel occur, generally confirming that a relationship exists between roadway capacity and vehicle travel. This paper provides additional information on this subject, in a North American context. The City of Calgary, in Alberta, Canada is a thriving major urban centre with a population of over 850,000, and a Downtown employment of over 100,000. Centre Street Bridge is a major road bridge across the Bow River connecting Downtown Calgary to the residential area in the north part of the City. The bridge carries over 34,000 vehicles per day, with heavy peak period flows. In August of 1999 the Centre Street Bridge was closed to car and truck traffic for a period of 14 months for major repairs. A detailed study was undertaken of changes in weekday traffic, transit and pedestrian flows changes that took place in weekday travel patterns during the closure. This included both analysis of observed count data before and during the closure; and an interview survey with over 1,300 car users of the Centre Street Bridge and the other bridges serving the north side of the Downtown. This paper summarizes the major findings of this study. Particular emphasis is placed on explaining what happened to the vehicle trips that used the Bridge before the closure. }, annote = { While I'm not pleased with the results they report, I'm not too surprised. I imagine some of this can be attributed to the fact that it's car-addicted Calgary, but it's still a disappointing result: very little mode shift (<10\%). On the upside, the city didn't stop working during the bridge closure; drivers just had to shift their travel times and routes. This isn't very politically acceptable, though; many would feel hard done by if this occurred during a Burrard Bridge lane closure. } } @article{HunMilKri05, author = {John Douglas Hunt and Eric J.~Miller and David S.~Kriger}, title = {Current Operational Urban Land-Use Transport Modeling Frameworks}, year = 2005, month = May, journal = {Transport Reviews}, volume = 25, number = 3, pages = {217--234}, status = {read}, keywords = {ilute, transport modelling} } @techreport{Hun98, author = {William W.~Hunter}, title = {An Evaluation of Red Shoulders as a Bicycle and Pedestrian Facility}, year = 1998, institution = {University of North Carolina, Highway Safety Research Center}, address = {Chapel Hill, NC, USA}, keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, pavement colouring, streets}, url = {http://www.dot.state.fl.us/Safety/ped_bike/handbooks_and_research/research/redstudy.pdf}, status = {read}, annote = { Somewhat interesting, mostly due to its rarity: there are very few North American studies of pavement colouring. It's a rural context, and hence not very applicable in the situations I examine, where a bike lane might be coloured adjacent to a parking lane. The most curious aspect of the paper is the author's choice to consider ``motor vehicle encroaches neighboring vehicle lane when passing bike'' as a major variable---it's an issue, but not a major one in my view. } } @article{HunHarSteBir00, author = {William W.~Hunter and David L.~Harkey and J.~Richard Stewart and Mia L.~Birk}, title = {Evaluation of Blue Bike-Lane Treatment in {P}ortland, {O}regon}, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1705, year = 2000, pages = {107--115}, keywords = {bicycle planning, pavement colouring, streets}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1705-017.pdf} } @techreport{HunSte99, author = {William W.~Hunter and J.~Richard Stewart}, title = {An Evaluation of Bike Lanes Adjacent to Motor Vehicle Parking}, year = 1999, month = Dec, institution = {Florida Department of Transportation}, keywords = {bicycle planning, parking, pavement marking, streets }, url = {http://www.dot.state.fl.us/Safety/ped_bike/handbooks_and_research/research/ftlaud.pdf}, status = {read} } @techreport{HunSteStuHuaPei99, author = {William W.~Hunter and J.~Richard Stewart and Jane C.~Stutts and Herman H.~Huang and Wayne E.~Pein}, title = {A Comparative Analysis of Bicycle Lanes versus Wide Curb Lanes: Final Report}, year = 1999, number = {FHWA-RD-99-034}, institution = {U.S.~Federal Highway Administration}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {bicycle planning, streets, pavement marking, bicycle segregation }, url = {http://www.walkinginfo.org/pdf/r\&d/widelanes_final.pdf}, status = {read} } % Only read first bits @techreport{HunSteStuHuaPei99b, author = {William W.~Hunter and J.~Richard Stewart and Jane C.~Stutts and Herman H.~Huang and Wayne E.~Pein}, title = {A Comparative Analysis of Bicycle Lanes versus Wide Curb Lanes: Operational and Safety Findings and Countermeasure Recommendations}, year = 1999, month = Oct, number = {FHWA-RD-99-035}, institution = {U.S.~Federal Highway Administration}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle segregation, pavement marking, streets}, url = {http://www.walkinginfo.org/pdf/r\&d/widelanes_counter.pdf}, status = {read}, annote = { Many, many good references! This is a really good read. } } @article{Jab06, author = {Yosef Rafeq Jabareen}, title = {Sustainable Urban Forms: Their Typologies, Models, and Concepts}, year = 2006, journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research}, volume = 26, number = 1, pages = {38--52}, doi = {10.1177/0739456X05285119}, keywords = {sustainability, urban form, new urbanism}, annote = { Overall, a bit mixed in quality. I found the carefully delineated distinction between smart growth, new urbanism and compact cities to be useful, although a bit short. The eco-city remains a concept I consider unworkable, and I found the evaluation of the different concepts to be a bit ridiculous. A good quote from Edwards (1996): ``architects have a larger share of responsibility for the world's consumption of fossil fuel and global warming gas production than any other professional group.'' }, status = {read} } @book{Jac61, author = {Jane Jacobs}, title = {The Death and Life of Great American Cities}, year = 1961, publisher = {Vintage}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, rating = 5, keywords = {urban planning, equity, transport planning, general interest, sociology, streets, pedestrian planning, accessibility, urban design}, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Jac61/index.html } } @book{Jac70, author = {Jane Jacobs}, title = {The Economy of Cities}, year = 1970, publisher = {Vintage}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {urban economics}, status = {read} } @book{Jac84, author = {Jane Jacobs}, title = {Cities and the Wealth of Nations: Principles of Economic Life}, year = 1984, publisher = {Vintage}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {urban economics, politics}, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Jac84/index.html } } @book{Jac00, author = {Jane Jacobs}, title = {The Nature of Economies}, year = 2000, publisher = {Random House}, address = {Toronto, ON, Canada}, keywords = {environmental economics, urban economics, ecology}, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Jac00/index.html } } @incollection{Jac95, author = {Michael Jacobs}, title = {Sustainability and `the {M}arket': A Typology of Environmental Economics}, year = 1995, editor = {Robyn Eckersley}, booktitle = {Markets, the State and the Environment}, pages = {46--70}, publisher = {MacMillan}, address = {Melbourne, Australia}, annote = { An interesting essay. Jacobs examines the schools within environmental economics, with a fairly critical eye. He discusses five classes: A. traditional (status quo); B. neoclassical I: financial incentives (tradable quotas); C. neoclassical II: financial incentives (taxes, etc.); D. neoclassical III: monetary valuation (cost/benefit analyses); and E. property rights. He looks at how they address four questions: 1. ethics of environmental objective setting (what level of environmental protection should society choose?); 2. institutions (how should this level be chosen?); 3. instruments (how should this level be achieved?); 4. distribution (how shold costs/benefits be distributed within society). He contrasts the environmental economists with his own more political school, an ``environmental democracy'' based on sustainability principles. Generally, he seems to be favourable to B and C, which study only instruments; he sees these as tools compatible with environmental democracy. He is less kind to D and E, which try to answer question 2; he argues that they are unlikely to achieve sustainability, due to the market's inherent tendency to discount the future. He points out many flaws in his own preference (a democratic institution to make decisions), but prefers its basis in a public debate of ethics. }, status = {read}, keywords = {environmental economics, economics, equity} } @incollection{Jan04, author = {Donald G.~Janelle}, title = {Impact of Information Technologies}, year = 2004, booktitle = {The Geography of Urban Transportation}, editor = {Susan Hanson and Genevieve Giuliano}, edition = {3rd}, chapter = 4, publisher = {Guildford Press}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, pages = {86--112}, quality = 4, keywords = { telecommuting, transport planning, canada }, status = {read}, annote = { This was a first good discussion of telecommuting that I've seen. It went into more detail on the types of work where telecommuting might be a reasonable substitute, the possible effects on urban form and exurbanisation, and the context of the changing structure of work in North America. I found his discussion of Coppack quite itneresting, talking about competition for ``natural'' amenities at the urban fringe, and the leapfrogging and outwards movement that can result when rural/natural amenities are considered valuable. His discussion of the growing role of nonroutine activities in the workplace was also valuable in a telecommuting context. The discussion of Mokhtarian (1991) was also good, reducing some of my concerns regarding telecommuting; overall, it seems like it produces some benefits, although the impacts aren't likely to be enormous; distance is by no meanby no means dead yet. } } @article{JohHelJoh06, author = {Maria V.~Johansson and Tobias Heldt and Per Johansson}, title = {The effects of attitudes and personality traits on mode choice}, year = 2006, month = Jul, journal = {Transportation Research A}, volume = 40, number = 6, pages = {507--525}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6VG7-4HKCYS9-1-30&_cdi=6031&_user=994540&_orig=search&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F2006&_qd=1&_sk=999599993&view=c&_alid=474093644&_rdoc=1&wchp=dGLbVzz-zSkWW&md5=ab3c3086e8cb0b1d15ee4473d0bc4faf&ie=/sdarticle.pdf}, keywords = { mode choice, latent variables, travel behaviour, transport modelling}, status = {read}, annote = { Very interesting. I've seen this latent variable approach used in another recent paper, and it looks like a promising method for improving on standard regression methods. The idea that attitudes could be a useful way of inferring propensity to choose a mode is a very valuable one. } } @article{JonDou03, author = {Kenneth G.~Jones and Michael J.~Doucet}, title = {The big box, the flagship and beyond: impacts and trends in the {G}reater {T}oronto {A}rea}, year = 2003, journal = {Canadian Geographer}, volume = 45, number = 4, pages = {494--512}, status = {read}, keywords = { urban planning, toronto }, annote = { Interesting, but frustrating from a travel perspective. The analysis focuses mainly on retail format (large scale) rather than transportation bias---i.e., auto-dependent stores. So, flagship stores in the Eaton Centre are treated similarly to outer-suburban big boxes, although they induce quite different travel behaviour. Additionally, hard data on the impacts to small independent retail is not presented. Nonetheless, the description of the strategy and rationale for large format stores is interesting, given their importance to travel demand. } } @techreport{Kat01, author = {Rod Katz}, title = {Forecasting Bicycle Demand}, year = 2001, institution = {Austroads Inc.}, address = {Sydney, Australia}, number = {AP-R194/01}, keywords = {transport modelling, bicycle planning}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.abc.dotars.gov.au/418_AP_R194_1.pdf}, annote = { An everyday review of demand modelling. The section on ``maximal share studies'' was interesting (Bro82, MorTho92). They also cited a four-stage model including bicycles in Portland (RosLaw93) and Edmonton (HunBro98). } } @book{Kay97, author = {Jane Holtz Kay}, title = {Asphalt Nation}, year = 1997, publisher = {University of California Press}, address = {Berkeley, CA, USA}, keywords = {general interest, history, equity}, status = {read} } @incollection{KeiGra98, author = {Roger Keil and John Graham}, title = {Reasserting Nature: Constructing urban environments after {F}ordism}, year = {1998}, booktitle = {Remaking Reality: Nature at the Amillenium}, editor = {B.~Braun and N.~Casttree}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London, UK}, status = {read}, annote = { Some interesting criticisms of New (Sub)urbanism as a rebranding of older modes of subdivision building, in the context of Vaughan. I didn't read the article very closely, and I'm not sure what the overall thrust is. My sense is that it builds on a quote from Lef91 to explore the urbanisation of the rural and the ruralisation of the urban. }, keywords = {geography, canada, urban planning, new urbanism } } @article{KenMilShaMacCol05, author = {Christopher A.~Kennedy and Eric J.~Miller and Amer S.~Shalaby and Heather L.~Mac{L}ean and Jesse Coleman}, title = {The four pillars of sustainable urban transportation}, year = 2005, journal = {Transport Reviews}, volume = 25, number = 4, pages = {393--414}, abstract = { The unsustainable nature of current urban transportation and land use is well recognized. What is less clear is the prescription for how to move towards a more sustainable future, especially given the many interest groups involved, the complexity of urban systems and the fragmented nature of decision-making in most urban regions. It is argued that the process of achieving more sustainable transportation requires suitable establishment of four pillars: effective governance of land use and transportation; fair, efficient, stable funding; strategic infrastructure investments; and attention to neighbourhood design. A review of each pillar identifies key issues. The characteristics of an ideal body for governance of land use and transportation are considered. Trade-offs are identified with: spatial representation; organizational structure; democracy; and market philosophy. Effective financing and pricing of urban transportation may be distorted because responsibility for infrastructure is separated from service provision. Financing mechanisms are categorized depending on vehicle use and location. Investment in infrastructure for alternative fuel vehicles and intermediate semi-rapid transit may be required in many cities. Major investment in public transit infrastructure will likely not suffice if macro land use and micro neighbourhood designs are not supportive of these investments. }, status = {read}, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, governance, finance, transit, pedestrian planning}, annote = { A useful read, covering a wide swath of topics, and including many useful pointers to other papers within each topic. I found the discussion of financing transportation particularly useful, mostly because I haven't read much about that topic. Discussion of market vs. non-market approaches, including P3s, was also valuable. I'm glad to see discussion of neighbourhood design in the article, a topic which is familiar and close to my heart. } } @article{KenLau99, author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Felix B.~Laube}, title = {Patterns of automobile dependence in cities: an international overview of key physical and economic dimensions with some implications for urban policy}, year = 1999, journal = {Transportation Research A}, volume = 33, pages = {691--723}, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link, urban form}, status = {read}, quality = 5, annote = { An excellent summary of the dataset collected in their 1999 book, with useful analysis. It's presented in a much more neutral, distanced light than some of their earlier work. The methodology still undoubtedly has problems, such as the use of Metro Toronto instead of the Greater Toronto Area for the city definition. That introduces some massive bias into all references to Toronto, since it excludes all of the sprawling suburbs, including Mississauga (which now has a population over 600,000 and was already quite large in 1990). While it might not suit their agenda, I would like to see housing costs included in the analysis. There is a clear relationship between density and greater competition for limited land and housing, and any analysis of regional economic competitiveness really has to take housing costs into account. Newman and Kenworthy's core argument that land use influences transport has a clear converse, but they seem to have chosen to ignore it here. } } % I think the biggest problem is the method. Analysing an abstract % ``number of trips per mode'' doesn't reveal much; the R-squared for % all of the models is fairly poor. A discrete-choice framework like % a multinomial logit model for a concrete trip purpose is more % meaningful, and usually ``modal bias'' is a fairly small component % of such models, although I haven't seen attitude included in such % models before. @article{KitMokLai97, author = {Ryuichi Kitamura and Patricia L.~Mokhtarian and Laura Laidet}, title = {A Micro-Analysis of Land Use and Travel in Five Neighborhoods in the {S}an {F}rancisco {B}ay {A}rea}, year = 1997, journal = {Transportation}, volume = 24, number = 2, pages = {125--158}, status = {read}, keywords = {land use transport link, travel behaviour}, annote = { An interesting foray into the ``self-selection'' debate, my first reading there. I'm not yet convinced of the overall argument. Is it really surprising that transit use is associated with a positive attitude towards transit, and that that attitude can be used to explain transit use well? That's just the ``rational actor'' theory---if you don't like it, you don't use it. It's a much more direct measurement of your likelihood to use and be aware of the positives/negatives of transit than land use is. The question is about the direction of causation---does use of transit change your attitude? Does living in a transit-supportive area change your attitude? This paper doesn't yet get to the heart of the problem. } } @article{Kle07, author = {Christopher Klemek}, title = {Placing {J}ane {J}acobs within the Transatlantic Urban Conversation}, year = 2007, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 73, number = 1, pages = {49--67}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban planning, history}, annote = { An interesting slice of history regarding a writer who was an early influence on my thinking. Mumford's relation to her is intriguing--- first encouraging her to publish, then writing a patronizing review, but later coming around somewhat. Also intriguing: her Toronto connections with Marshall McLuhan, Hans Blumenfeld. } } @incollection{Kra02, author = {Thomas Krag}, title = {Urban cycling in {D}enmark}, year = 2002, chapter = 14, pages = {223---236}, editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for Urban Planners}, publisher = {Woodhead Publishing}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html } } @incollection{Kri05, author = {Alex Krieger}, title = {The Costs---and Benefits?---of Sprawl}, year = 2005, booktitle = {Sprawl and Suburbia: A {H}arvard {D}esign {M}agazine Reader}, editor = {William S.~Saunders}, pages = {44--56}, chapter = 5, publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, address = {Minneapolis, MN, USA}, status = {read}, keywords = {smart growth, urban planning} } @article{Kri03, author = {Kevin J.~Krizek}, title = {Residential relocation and changes in urban travel: does neighborhood-scale urban form matter?}, year = 2003, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 69, number = 3, pages = {265--281}, status = {read}, quality = 4, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link, travel behaviour}, annote = { An interesting study. He makes the useful note that a panel survey where some people choose to move is not strictly a random sample; there was some underlying reason why those people chose to move, so you have a self-selected samples (p. 271). I don't fully buy his assumption that movers were in equilibrium with neighbourhood prior to moving; it's a major assumption, which he acknowledges and tests towards the end of the paper. However, it's still a useful experiment: even if the movers were trying to self-select, if the move allows them to reduce/increase VMT, it suggests that urban form is an enabler for desired travel behaviour, a necessary condition for behaviour change. All told, a very methodologically cautious paper, with some good insights. } } @article{KriJoh06, author = {Kevin J.~Krizek and Pamela J.~Johnson}, title = {Proximity to trails and retail: Effects on urban cycling and walking}, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, year = 2006, volume = 72, number = 1, pages = {33--42}, status = {read}, quality = 3, annote = { A fairly simple study, but with some important discussion and results. Most importantly, they examined nonlinear reactions to distance for cycling and walking. While this is not a surprising result, and would probably emerge from a traditional multinomial logit mode choice model (with linear disutility for distance), it is still worth exploring. From a policy perspective, the nonlinear relationship that emerges can be vital to designing walkable and bikable neighbourhoods. After controlling for socioeconomic characteristics, they found that only the presence of retail closer than 200m was associated with higher odds of walking; the presence of retail in the 200m-400m range had no significant impact on the odds of walking. This contradicts the received wisdom that people are willing to walk up to 400m (1/4 mile) for such trips. It also suggests that urban intensification should be focused within a very narrow range of retail establishments to be effective, similar to the strategy of Toronto's Avenues plan or Vancouver's EcoDensity initiative. For cycling, they found that only the presence of a path within 400m of home was associated with higher odds of biking. Again, more distant paths had no significant effect. This is also a lower limit than the received wisdom, although not drastically so. I think Vancouver's long-range bicycle plan aims for bike routes with a spacing of 500m, although they're nowhere close to that yet. It does suggest that there could be significant improvements in mode share when the spacing improves from the current level (roughly 1000m) to 500m, which is a bit surprising; I'd sort of thought that we'd see diminishing returns with the later routes, but this paper suggests that routes that are too far away have no impact on most people. Finally, Krizek and Johnson mention one important note: the number of vehicles/bicycles in a household is a potentially endogenous variable, making it dangerous for use in a model. An interesting note, and one that's rarely considered in the modelling literature. }, keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning} } @article{KriLev05, author = {Kevin J.~Krizek and David M.~Levinson}, title = {Teaching Integrated Land Use-Transportation Planning: Topics, Readings and Strategies}, year = 2005, journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research}, volume = 24, number = 3, pages = {304--316}, keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning, urban form, urban planning}, status = {read}, annote = { A very useful article regarding the land use-transport link. They examined courses taught on the subject, and their syllabi. The key books were MooTho94 and Dow92/Dow04, and Cer96b was a key article, as was the debate between Ewi97 and GorRic97. Other publications included Giu95, Cra98, and Lev99. } } @incollection{LanZha00, author = {John D.~Landis and Ming Zhang}, title = {Using {GIS} to improve urban activity and forecasting models: three examples}, editor = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and Michael Wegener}, booktitle = {Spatial Models and {GIS}: New Potential and New Models}, year = 2000, publisher = {Taylor and Francis}, address = {London, UK}, pages = {63--81}, keywords = {geographic information systems, spatial modelling, transport modelling}, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/FotWeg00/index.html } } @article{leCBer03, author = {Frank {le Clercq} and Luca Bertolini}, title = {Achieving sustainable accessibility: an evaluation of policy measures in the {A}msterdam area}, journal = {Built Environment}, year = 2003, volume = 29, number = 1, pages = {36--47}, status = {read}, url = {https://www.extenza-eps.com/extenza/loadPDF?objectIDValue=53949}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, parking, accessibility}, annote = { Some interesting thoughts. 1) Their ``compact city'' policy seems to have led to a polycentric region, with the edge regions (at the boundary of the dense inner city and the car-oriented outer world) developing into subcentres. Most of this is due to earlier policies of motorway expansion and subcentre promotion. However, public transport patronage has risen. 2) Public transport expansion has been less effective than changes in urban form. Expansion to new developments has not proven feasible, due to chicken-and-egg issues. 3) The a,b,c location policy aimed to force employers with large numbers of employees/visitors to take class A sites, defined as having good public transport facilities running in several directions, and with very strict parking place supply. Class B and C sites have softer parking regimes and siting requirements. It's a national policy. While it has been evaluated as a failure (mostly due to application to only 15\% of all locations, since it only applies to new developments), it is continuing. } } @techreport{Lec02, author = {Mauricio Leclerc}, title = {Bicycle Planning in the {C}ity of {P}ortland: Evaluation of the city's {B}icycle {M}aster {P}lan and statistical analysis of the relationship between the city's bicycle network and bicycle commute}, year = 2002, month = {Fall}, type = {Field Area Paper}, status = {read}, institution = {Portland State University}, address = {Portland, OR, USA}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, url = {http://web.pdx.edu/~jdill/LeClerc.pdf} } @article{Lee94, author = {Douglas B.~Lee}, title = {Retrospective on Large-Scale Urban Models}, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 60, number = 1, pages = {35--40}, year = 1994, annote = { Some interesting (modern) comments on the problems in urban modelling. The need for more scientific method is discussed, and the need to contribute to theory as well as drawing from theory. Critiques from Lee73: black box method (even modellers don't understand internal workings of models); general purpose nature; command-and-control assumption. For better science, models need: transparency; replicability; and pragmatic evaluation. Travel prices and parking prices should be explicit parts of models. Comprehensive models have only limited value. Urban models compare quite negatively with GIS development over the same period, which suffered from similar shortcomings in the 70s (data and computation constraints), but has flourished since. }, keywords = {spatial modelling}, status = {read} } @incollection{Les02, author = {Nick Lester}, title = {On street parking regulation and enforcement in {L}ondon}, year = 2002, booktitle = {{EPA} Urban parking Policy Guide: Statement for {COST 342}}, publisher = {European Co-operation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST)}, address = {Cologne, Germany}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.europeanparking.eu/europeanparking/cms/Media/epa\%20policy\%20guide.pdf}, keywords = {parking} } @techreport{LevGar00, author = {Jonathan Levine and Yaakov Garb}, title = {Evaluating the Promise and Hazards of Congestion Pricing Proposals; An Access Centered Approach}, year = 2000, institution = {Floersheimer Institute for Policy Studies}, address = {Jerusalem, Israel}, number = {2/11}, url = {http://vtpi.org/levgarb.pdf}, keywords = {congestion pricing, equity, accessibility}, status = {read} } @article{LevGar02, author = {Jonathan Levine and Yaakov Garb}, title = {Congestion Pricing's Conditional Promise: Promotion of Accessibility or Mobility?}, year = 2002, journal = {Transport Policy}, volume = 9, number = 3, pages = {179--188}, keywords = {congestion pricing, equity, accessibility}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.itdp.org/read/Levine\&Garb(2002).pdf} } @article{LevIna04, author = {Jonathan Levine and Aseem Inam}, title = {The market for transportation-land use integration: do developers want smarter growth than regulations allow?}, year = 2004, month = Nov, journal = {Transportation}, volume = 31, number = 4, pages = {409--427}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban planning, land use transport link, equity, zoning}, abstract = { Transportation and land use research of the past decade has focused in large part on the question of whether manipulating land uses in the direction of ``smart growth'' alternatives can reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT) or otherwise improve travel behavior. Yet the notion of ``manipulating'' land uses implies that the alternative is somehow self-organized or market-based. This view appears to underestimate the extent to which current planning interventions in the United States---largely focused on lowering development densities, mandating ample road and parking designs, and separating land uses---impose an auto-oriented template on most new development. Rather than a market failure, the paucity of ``smart growth'' alternatives may be a planning failure---the result of municipal regulatory exclusion. This problem definition would shift the burden of proof for policy reform, as uncertainty in travel-behavior benefits would hardly justify the continuation of exclusionary regulations. If municipal regulations in fact constrain alternatives to low-density auto-oriented development, one would expect developers to perceive unsatisfied market interest in such development. This article studies, through a national survey (676 respondents), US developers' perceptions of the market for pedestrian- and transit-oriented development forms. Overall, respondents perceive considerable market interest in alternative development forms, but believe that there is inadequate supply of such alternatives relative to market demand. Developer-respondents attribute this gap between supply and demand principally to local government regulation. When asked how the relaxation of these regulations would affect their product, majorities of developers indicated that such liberalization woud lead them to develop in a denser and more mixed-use fashion, particularly in close-in suburban locales. Results are interpreted in favor of land-policy reform based on the expansion of choice in transportation and land use. This view contrasts with a more prevalent approach which conditions policy interventions on scientific evidence of travel-behavior modification. }, annote = { An excellent article, rebutting the claims of many others in the research community. The abstract is an excellent summary of the points made in this article. References BoaCra01, EwiCer01, Cra99 and Dow92. The latter is quoted: ``[T]he belief that sprawl is caused primarily by market failures is based on the false assumption that there is a freely operating land use market in US metropolitan areas. No metropolitan area has anything remotely approaching a free land use market because of local regulations adopted for parochial political, social and fiscal purposes.'' } } % Torng works for Mitretek, the TRANSIMS maintainers. @article{LevInaTor05, author = {Jonathan Levine and Aseem Inam and Gwo-Wei Torng}, title = {A Choice-Based Rationale for Land Use and Transportation Alternatives: Evidence from {B}oston and {A}tlanta}, year = 2005, journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research}, volume = 24, pages = {317--330}, doi = {10.1177/0739456X04267714}, keywords = {land use transport link, equity, travel behaviour, zoning}, quality = 5, annote = { Some great equity context, including the Tiebout hypothesis. } } @incollection{Lil01, author = {Einar Lillebye}, title = {The architectural significance of the street as a functional and social arena}, year = 2001, editor = {Colin Jefferson and Janet Rowe and Carlos Brebbia}, booktitle = {The Sustainable Street: The Environmental, Human and Economic Aspects of Street Design and Management}, publisher = {Wessex Institute of Technology Press}, address = {Southampton, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {street design, streets, urban design, architecture, sustainability} } @article{Lim97, author = {Clark C.~Lim}, title = {The status of {T}ransportation {D}emand {M}anagement in {G}reater {V}ancouver and Energy Implications}, year = 1997, journal = {Energy Policy}, volume = 25, number = {14--15}, pages = {1193--1202}, status = {read}, keywords = {transportation demand management, canada, energy} } @techreport{LitEnc, author = {Todd A.~Litman}, title = {Online Transportation Demand Management Encylopedia}, year = 2005, institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute}, address = {Victoria, BC, Canada}, url = {http://www.vtpi.org/tdm/index.php}, rating = 5, status = {read}, keywords = {transportation demand management, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, transit, urban form, parking, urban economics, finance, prioritisation, accessibility }, } % n.b.: url is for a techreport, not the paper @article{Lit01, author = {Todd A.~Litman}, title = {Generated Traffic and Induced Travel: Implications for Transport Planning}, year = 2004, journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal}, month = Apr, pages = {38--47}, volume = 71, number = 4, url = {http://www.vtpi.org/gentraf.pdf}, keywords = {transport planning, induced travel}, status = {read} } @techreport{Lit02, author = {Todd A.~Litman}, title = {Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis: Techniques, Estimates and Implications}, year = 2002, institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute}, address = {Victoria, BC, Canada}, keywords = {transportation demand management, finance, environmental economics}, url = {http://www.vtpi.org/tca}, status = {read} } @techreport{Lit04, author = {Todd A.~Litman}, title = {Pay-As-You-Drive Pricing for Insurance Affordability}, year = 2004, month = May, institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute}, address = {Victoria, BC, Canada}, keywords = {transportation demand management, equity, insurance}, url = {http://www.vtpi.org/payd_aff.pdf}, status = {read} } @techreport{Lit04b, author = {Todd A.~Litman}, title = {Parking Requirements Impacts on Housing Affordability}, year = 2004, month = Jun, institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute}, address = {Victoria, BC, Canada}, keywords = {parking, urban planning, transportation demand management, equity}, url = {http://vtpi.org/park-hou.pdf}, status = {read}, annote = { A very interesting read. Litman raises a number of issues associated with housing that I hadn't considered---my first reaction is to question Vancouver's downtown development patterns. Are parking requirements responsible for the tower fad, by making townhouse and four-story apartment development uneconomic for developers? On interesting bit of trivia: curb cuts reduce onstreet parking capacity. His parking management solutions are quite valuable and innovative ideas, and the studies he cites in Victoria and Mississauga are useful; I should follow up on all of his references. Of the management solutions, the two ideas I found novel were: shared parking, where apartments and businesses share spaces due to opposite peak demand times - very practical for residential downtowns; transportation management associations, where a neighbourhood organisation is formed to trade parking in a neighbourhood. I was initially convinced by his arguments about reducing developer incentive to create low-income housing, but I'm now a little skeptical; figure 12, in particular, says to me that in a scenario where 0 parking spaces are required, developers will have a huge incentive to produce high income housing, since the relative profit difference will be so much greater. Of course, this ignores the entire demand side of the equation. Overall, I think more analysis is needed to determine the real effect on developers. } } @techreport{Lit04c, author = {Todd A.~Litman}, title = {Comprehensive Evaluation of Rail Transit Benefits}, year = 2004, institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute}, address = {Victoria, BC, Canada}, keywords = {transport planning, transit, rail}, url = {http://www.vtpi.org/railben.pdf}, annote = { Some interesting analysis. It's primarily a critique of another paper, ``Great Rail Disasters'' by Randal O'Toole, which I'm not familiar with; apparently, the paper condemns rail transit as cost ineffective, but its analysis is fundamentally flawed. In the end, the flaws boil down to two differences: 1) O'Toole values mobility more than accessibility; and 2) he's quite ready to distort statistics to make an argument. Probably the most interesting part of his analysis is Figure 13, showing that ``in Bus Only and Small Rail cities, traffic congestion costs tend to increase with city size [...] but Large Rail cities do not follow this pattern. They have substantially lower congestion costs than comparable size cities. As a result, New York and Chicago have about half the per capita congestion delay as Los Angeles.'' Tables 6 and 7 is also very interesting, showing the total subsidy to bus and rail systems, and a lower bound on the total benefits from each. Litman's notes comparing bus rapid transit and rail are interesting, particularly his statistic showing that people are more willing to stand on rail systems, allowing more passengers per vehicle. His notes that rail does not subtract from bus systems are also interesting, showing that cities with large and small rail tend to spend more per-capita on transit, and hence that rail does not necessarily reduce bus system performance. (Although I'm sure there are cases where that happens!) I still have some questions about one part of his analysis: his argument proceeds by defining ``large rail'' cities as those with transit mode share of 20\%+ with rail making up more than half of the transit trips. He then argues that these cities have lower vehicle-miles, higher transit trips, etc., typically due to the land use impacts of the rail systems. However, there are elements of a circular argument here: it's possible that the causation runs in the other direction, and land uses cause higher transit mode share, and hence shift certain cities into the large rail category. (Personally, I don't believe that's the case---I think that rail does cause denser land use. But the argument may need to be rephrased to make this unambiguous.) I need to think about this more before I can be certain that there actually is a flaw in his reasoning, though. Regardless, I don't think it's a big flaw---it's a difficult subject to tackle perfectly, and his analysis is generally quite sound. Litman includes a reference to the spreadsheet containing his calculations! This could be quite useful for learning how this analysis is done. }, status = {read} } @techreport{LitBlaDemEddFriLaiMadFor02, author = {Todd A.~Litman and Robin Blair and Bill Demopoulos and Nils Eddy and Anne Fritzel and Danelle Laidlaw and Heath Maddox and Katherine Forster}, title = {Pedestrian and Bicycle Planning: A Guide to Best Practices}, year = 2002, institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute}, address = {Victoria, BC, Canada}, keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning}, url = {http://www.vtpi.org/nmtguide.doc}, status = {read} } @article{LiuGua05, author = {Rongfang (Rachel) Liu and Chang-Qian Guan}, title = {Mode Biases of Urban Transportation Policies in {C}hina and their Implications}, year = 2005, month = Jun, journal = {Journal of Urban Planning and Development}, volume = 131, number = 2, pages = {58--70}, keywords = {bicycle planning, transit, transport modelling}, status = {read}, rating = 3, annote = { An interesting article, particularly since I haven't read much on China before. They describe bike mode share of 40--60\%, which is quite incredible! Car trips belong in the "other" category, and other makes up less than 14\% of trips. However, it's on the rise: they show Beijing rising from 6\% in 1986 to 27\% in 2000 (for "other"). They complain about patronizing Western attitudes towards bicycles, but do a little of the same themselves. However, they close with an appeal for China to emulate the Dutch. } } @article{Liv04, author = {Ken Livingstone}, title = {The Challenge of Driving Through Change: Introducing Congestion Charging in Central {L}ondon}, year = 2004, month = Dec, journal = {Planning Theory \& Practice}, volume = 5, number = 4, pages = {490--498}, keywords = {congestion pricing, urban politics}, status = {read} } @article{LouBan96, author = {Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris and Tridib Banerjee}, title = {There's no There there: or why neighborhoods don't readily develop around light rail stations}, year = 1996, month = {Fall}, journal = {Access Magazine}, volume = 9, pages = {2--6}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban planning, transit-oriented development}, annote = { A short but interesting look at the failures around the Blue Line in Los Angeles. When transportation planners choose a transit alignment through an industrial/abandoned area with cheap land, I think the ridership estimates need to be informed by the miserable urban realm around transit stations... but I imagine they completely ignore such micro features. } } @incollection{Luk00, author = {Timothy W.~Luke}, title = {A rough road out of {R}io: The right-wing reaction in the {U}nited {S}tates against global environmentalism}, year = 2000, booktitle = {Consuming Cities: The Urban Environment in the Global Economy after the {R}io Declaration}, editor = {N.~Low and B.~Gleeson and I.~Elander and R.~Lidskog}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London, UK}, pages = {54--69}, status = {read}, keywords = {sustainability}, annote = { A good source for some classic quotes on American environmental policy, including ``The American life-style is not up for negotiation'' and ``Earth Day? It should actually be called Anti-Human Day'' (the latter is from the Ayn Rand Institute). I appreciated the connection drawn between globalisation and environmentalism, particularly as the agenda of two élites with substantial negative impacts on the regular population. }, url = {http://www.cddc.vt.edu/tim/tims/Tim599.htm} } @article{Lun03, author = {Hollie Lund}, title = {Testing the Claims of {N}ew {U}rbanism: Local Access, Pedestrian Travel, and Neighboring Behaviors}, year = 2003, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 69, number = 4, pages = {414--429}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban planning, pedestrian planning, new urbanism} } @incollection{McC02b, author = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, title = {The mainstreaming of cycle policy}, year = 2002, chapter = 1, pages = {1--16}, editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for Urban Planners}, publisher = {Woodhead Publishing}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning, transit, transport planning}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html } } @incollection{McC02c, author = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, title = {The development of {UK} cycling policy}, year = 2002, chapter = 2, pages = {17--35}, editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for Urban Planners}, publisher = {Woodhead Publishing}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html } } @incollection{McC02d, author = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, title = {Promoting cycling through `soft' (non-infrastructural) measures}, year = 2002, chapter = 3, pages = {36--49}, editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for Urban Planners}, publisher = {Woodhead Publishing}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html } } @incollection{McC02e, author = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, title = {Nottingham}, year = 2002, chapter = 11, pages = {171--191}, editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for Urban Planners}, publisher = {Woodhead Publishing}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html } } @mastersthesis{McM04, author = {Sarah Mc{M}illan}, title = {Toward a {L}ivable {R}egion? {A}n Evaluation of Business Parks in {G}reater {V}ancouver}, year = 2004, school = {University of British Columbia, School of Community and Regional Planning}, address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.urbanstudio.sala.ubc.ca/2005/3_resources/Toward_A_Livable_Region_SMcMillan.pdf}, keywords = { canada, firm behaviour, location choice, urban planning } } @incollection{Mam02, author = {Marcello Mamoli}, title = {Padua: a decade to become a cycle city}, year = 2002, chapter = 16, pages = {251--262}, editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for Urban Planners}, publisher = {Woodhead Publishing}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, annote = { Nothing exceptional in this chapter. } } @article{ManSho04, author = {Michael Manville and Donald C.~Shoup}, title = {People, Parking and Cities}, year = 2004, journal = {Access Magazine}, volume = 25, pages = {20--26}, status = {read}, keywords = {transport planning, parking}, url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/access.pl?25/Access\%2025\%20-\%2002\%20-\%20People,\%20Parking,\%20and\%20Cities.pdf}, annote = { A fascinating study of Los Angeles versus New York and San Francisco. When the entire urban agglomeration is taken into account, L.A. is actually denser than New York or San Francisco, since its suburbs are relatively dense. The article explains discusses how downtown parking in L.A. is profoundly different from the other two, and how it hurts the city. } } @article{Mar06, author = {Greg R.~Marsden}, title = {The Evidence Base for Parking Policies---A Review}, year = 2006, journal = {Transport Policy}, volume = 13, number = 6, pages = {447--457}, status = {read}, keywords = {parking}, url = {http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/archive/00002023/02/ITS15_The_evidence_base_for_parking_policies_UPLOADABLE.pdf} } @book{Mar05, author = {Stephen Marshall}, title = {Streets \& Patterns: The Structure of Urban Geometry}, year = 2005, publisher = {Spon Press}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, quality = 5, status = {read}, keywords = {streets, urban planning, urban form, transport planning, street design, urban design} } @article{MarGuy99, author = {Simon J.~Marvin and S.~Guy}, title = {Towards a new logic of transport planning?}, year = 1999, journal = {Town Planning Review}, volume = 70, number = 2, pages = {139--158}, status = {read}, annote = { An interesting article on the crisis in transport planning, with some details of new ways of thinking emerging. ``Central to this rethinking is the wider shift away from `predict and provide' planning towards demand-management which is slowly emerging across various infrastructure sectors. The common thread linking these diverse services is the attempts by network operators to work with users to reduce demand on the most stressed parts of the network through the introduction of traffic calming and pedestrianisation measures; advanced information technology-based systems to get the msot out of the existing infrastructure; road pricing; and a reduction in the building of new roads.'' Their article is followed by comment from David Banister, Michael Breheny, and Bert van Wee, and closes with comments from the authors. }, keywords = {transport planning, transportation demand management} } @incollection{MatMikSan00, author = {Hel{\`e}ne Mathian and Boguslaw Mikula and Lena Sanders}, title = {Modelling the Dynamics of Spatial Systems within a {GIS}: Problems and Perspectives}, editor = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and Michael Wegener}, booktitle = {Spatial Models and {GIS}: New Potential and New Models}, year = 2000, publisher = {Taylor and Francis}, address = {London, UK}, pages = {203--221}, keywords = {geographic information systems, spatial modelling}, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/FotWeg00/index.html } } @book{MeyMil01, author = {Michael D.~Meyer and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Urban Transportation Planning: A Decision-Oriented Approach}, edition = {2nd}, year = 2001, publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, status= {read}, keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling, land use transport link}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/MeyMil01 } } @incollection{Mil00, author = {Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Transportation and Communication}, editor = {Trudi Bunting and Pierre Filion}, booktitle = {{C}anadian Cities in Transition: The Twenty-First Century}, edition = {2nd}, year = 2000, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, keywords = {canada, urban planning, transport planning}, status = {read} } @techreport{Mil01, author = {Eric J.~Miller}, title = {The {G}reater {T}oronto {A}rea Travel Demand Modelling System Version 2.0}, volume = {I: Model Overview}, year = 2001, institution = {Joint Program in Transportation, University of Toronto}, address = {Toronto, ON, Canada}, keywords = {transport modelling, canada}, status = {read}, annote = { A clear overview of the classic four-stage transport model, with applications to Toronto, including more emphasis on multi-modal trips etc. } } @article{Mil02, author = {Eric Miller}, title = {An Interview with {D}avid {G}unn}, journal = {Rail Travel News}, volume = 31, number = 10, year = 2002, month = Oct, pages = {14--15}, keywords = {general interest, transit, rail} } @unpublished{Mil03, author = {Eric J.~Miller}, title = {{ILUTE}: Historical Evolution, Current Status, Future Prospects}, year = 2003, note = {Presentation available online}, url = {http://www.civ.utoronto.ca/sect/traeng/ilute/downloads/friday_seminars/miller_seminar-apr-25-03.pdf}, keywords = {ilute, transport modelling}, status = {read}, annote = { A good overview of the current status of the ILUTE project. } } @article{MilHunAbrSal04, author = {Eric J.~Miller and John Douglas Hunt and John Edward Abraham and Paul A.~Salvini}, title = {Microsimulating Urban Systems}, year = 2004, month = Jan, journal = {Computers, Environment and Urban Systems}, volume = 28, number = 1, pages = {9--44}, abstract = { This paper presents a status report concerning on-going research and development work by a team of Canadian researchers to develop a microsimulation, agent-based, integrated model of urban land use and transportation. It describes in some detail the overall design and current status of the ILUTE (Integrated Land Use, Transportation, Environment) modelling system under development. The overall purpose of ILUTE is to simulate the evolution of an entire urban region over an extended period of time. Such a model is intended to replace conventional, aggregate, static models for the analysis of a broad range of transportation, housing and other urban policies. Agents being simulated in the model include individuals, households and establishments. The model operates on a ``100\% sample'' (i.e., the entire population) of agents which, in the base case, are synthesized from more aggregate data such as census tables and which are then evolved over time by the model. A range of modelling methods are employed within the modelling system to represent individual agents' behaviours, including simple state transition models, random utility choice models, rule-based ``computational process'' models, and hybrids of these approaches. A major emphasis within ILUTE is the development of microsimulation models of market demand-supply interactions, particularly within the residential and commercial real estate markets. In addition, travel demand is modelled explicitly as the outcome of a combination of household and individual decisions concerning the participation in out-of-home activities over the course of a day. Spatial entities in the model include buildings, residential dwelling units and commercial floorspace, as well as aggregate ``spatial containers'' such as traffic zones, census tracts or grid cells. }, annote = { Good references: ConLaw02, VelKapTim00, VosPetDon02. Their discussion of spatial representation is interesting, and echos (somewhat) my own thoughts on the subject. They have two sections: one on residential representation and one on representations for firms. I'm curious to see how far they've come in the last few months. They discuss real estate markets, with zonal average prices. Offers can have individual prices, though, overriding zonal averages. It seems that this idea would mesh better with building-based spatial representation---grid based representation makes it hard to store data like ``sale price'' or compute zonal averages. I'm a bit baffled by their commercial development model. The grid-based approach they used seems to be based on cellular automata, using logit models for state transitions. But they don't consider adjacency information, which seems like it would be essential for firms---who wants floorspace divided into a random patchwork? Can you really just rearrange floorspace as needed? Their closing paragraphs are encouraging: they really don't want zones, anywhere. }, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, spatial modelling}, status = {read} } @techreport{MilKriHun98, author = {Eric J.~Miller and David S.~Kriger and John Douglas Hunt}, title = {Integrated urban models for simulation of transit and land use policies: guidelines for implementation and use}, type = {Report}, number = 48, institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation Research Board}, year = 1998, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, transit, land use transport link}, status = {read}, url = {http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_48.pdf} } % url = {http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9435.html}, @techreport{MilKriHun98b, author = {Eric J.~Miller and David S.~Kriger and John Douglas Hunt}, title = {Integrated urban models for simulation of transit and land use policies}, year = 1998, type = {Web Document}, number = 9, institution = {Transportation Cooperative Research Program, Transportation Research Board}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, url = {http://faculty.washington.edu/pwaddell/Models/Tcrp-rep.pdf}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, transit, land use transport link}, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/MilKriHun98b/index.html } } @article{MilSha03, author = {Eric J.~Miller and Amer S.~Shalaby}, title = {Evolution of Person Travel in the {T}oronto {A}rea and Policy Implications}, year = 2003, month = Mar, journal = {ASCE Journal of Urban Planning and Development}, volume = 129, number = 1, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, canada, transit, urban form}, abstract = { This paper presents a descriptive analysis of the historical evolution of personal travel behavior in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) over the past 35 years. The analysis indicates that in many respects the GTA taken as a whole is similar to other cities within North America in terms of increasing auto ownership; increasing individual auto-drive trip rates; increasing suburbanization of population and employment into areas poorly served by transit; increasingly complex travel patterns; and transit, at best, maintaining a constant number of trips per capita but losing modal share. The analysis also highlights ways in which the GTA, particularly the city of Toronto, deviates from the North American ``norm.'' These include transit per capita ridership, overall mode splits, revenue-cost operating ratios are still extremely high by North American standards; the regional commuter rail system has been very successful in attracting increasing numbers of commuters from outside Toronto into the Toronto central area; the continuing strength of the Toronto central area has provided a strong, viable transit service; and more generally, the relatively high density and transit orientation of development throughout the city of Toronto is highly supportive of transit. }, annote = { Some very useful background on the transportation context of Toronto. While I grew up in that city, I actually knew fairly little about the evolution of its transportation system, so this was quite useful to me. Not very revolutionary in content (it's just a basic historical review), but worthwhile; a few good references (Mee02, Shi97, PucLef96, WriLov02). }, status = {read} } @techreport{MilSob03, author = {Eric J.~Miller and Richard M.~Soberman}, title = {Travel Demand and Urban Form}, year = 2003, institution = {Neptis Foundation}, type = {Issue Paper}, number = 9, url = { http://www.neptis.org/library/cf_download.cfm?file=travel_demand_nip9.pdf\&path=\\ }, keywords = {transport planning, canada, urban planning, transit, land use transport link, urban form}, status = {read}, annote = { A good report, with a realistic and progressive vision for the future. I found the maps comparing Toronto, Square One and Pearson trip ends extremely interesting (figures II.7 - II.9). } } @book{Mil02b, author = {J.B.~Miller}, title = {Case Studies in Infrastructure Delivery}, year = 2002, address = {Boston, MA, USA}, publisher = {Kluwer}, keywords = {finance} } % Only read chapters 1-4, 12 @book{MilHam89, author = {Edwin S.~Mills and Bruce W.~Hamilton}, title = {Urban Economics}, edition = {4th}, year = 1989, publisher = {Harper Collins}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {urban economics}, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/MilHam89/index.html } } @article{MinRavSal04, author = {Orit Mindali and Adi Raveh and Ilan Salomon}, title = {Urban Density and Energy Consumption: A New Look at Old Statistics}, year = 2004, month = Feb, journal = {Transportation Research A}, volume = 38, number = 2, status = {read}, pages = {143--162}, keywords = {urban form, land use transport link, energy}, annote = { They looked at the NewKen89 data using a different statistical technique, and claimed to find poor statistical support for the density correlation to energy use, at least for North American and Australian cities. European cities showed a significant relation to inner city and CBD density. I remain skeptical overall, though. I need to read more about their statistical methods before making any conclusions, though. } } @inproceedings{MoeSchWeg02, author = {Rolf Moeckel and Carsten Sch{\"u}rmann and Michael Wegener}, title = {Microsimulation of Urban Land Use}, year = 2002, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Congress of the European Regional Science Association}, publisher = {European Regional Science Assocation}, address = {Dortmund, Germany}, url = {http://www.raumplanung.uni-dortmund.de/rwp/ersa2002/cd-rom/papers/261.pdf}, abstract = { The project ILUMASS (Integrated Land-Use Modelling and Transportation System Simulation) aims at embedding a microscopic dynamic simulation model of urban traffic flows into a comprehensive model system incorporating both changes of land use and the resulting changes in transport demand. The land-use component of ILUMASS will be based on the land-use parts of an existing urban simulation model, but is to be microscopic like the transport parts of ILUMASS. Microsimulation modules will include models of demographic development, household formation, firm lifecycles, residential and non-residential construction, labour mobility on the regional labour market and household mobility on the regional housing market. These modules will be closely linked with the models of daily activity patterns and travel and goods movements modelled in the transport parts of ILUMASS developed by other partners of the project team. The design of the land use model takes into account that the collection of individual micro data (i.e. data which because of their micro location can be associated with individual buildings or small groups of buildings) or the retrieval of individual micro data from administrative registers for planning purposes is neither possible nor, for privacy reasons, desirable. The land use model therefore works with synthetic micro data which can be retrieved from generally accessible public data. ILUMASS is a group project of institutes of the universities of Aachen, Bamberg, Dortmund, Cologne and Wuppertal under the co-ordination of the Transport Research Institute of the German Aerospace Centre (DLR). Study region for tests and first applications of the model is the urban region of Dortmund. The common database will be compiled in co-operation with the City of Dortmund. After its completion the integrated model is to be used for assessing the impacts of potential transport and land use policies for the new land use plan of the city. The paper will focus on the land-use parts of the ILUMASS model. It will present the underlying behavioural theories and how they are made operational in the model design, explain how the synthetic population is generated, show first model results and demonstrate the potential usefulness of the model for the planning process. }, status = {read}, annote = { Interesting. They've adapted the IRPUD land use project for a new integrated model. They do some major rasters (200 000 cells) for some of their lookups, although they're also interested in environmental indicators as well as transport results. They don't operate on a parcel-level due to local privacy legislation; instead they work on a zonal level, combined with a density plot of unknown detail. }, keywords = {transport modelling, spatial modelling, land use transport link} } @article{MohMil02b, author = {Abolfazl Mohammadian and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Estimating the Expected Price of Vehicles in a Transportation Microsimulation Modeling System}, year = 2002, month = Nov, journal = {Journal of Transportation}, volume = 128, number = 6, pages = {537--541}, keywords = {activity-based modelling, ilute, travel behaviour, vehicle ownership}, status = {read}, abstract = { Microsimulation modeling is an emerging approach to activity-based travel forecasting. Household automobile-ownership models are being included in microsimulation travel-demand models more. Implicitly, vehicle price is an important attribute of vehicles in all automobile-ownership models. In order to update prices at each point of time within the simulation, a modeling tool is required to estimate the price of each vehicle at any time. This paper develops a hedonic price model to estimate the expected price of vehicles to be used in a comprehensive urban-transportation modeling system. In this study, the use of a linear hedonic price model was investigated in terms of its application to the market price of automobiles. }, annote = { Seems pretty reasonable. It's a little surprising that fuel economy makes a car less attractive, but I suppose that's typical of the 1990s vehicle market. Perhaps a repeat of the study today would show different results. (The price of gas was not a study variable, and didn't vary much over the period when the data was collected anyways.) } } @article{MohMil03, author = {Abolfazl Mohammadian and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Dynamic Modeling of Household Automobile Transactions}, year = 2003, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1831, pages = {98--105}, url = {http://transportation.northwestern.edu/seminars/03-04/mohammadian112003/MohammadianDynamicAutoTransactions.pdf}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute}, status = {read} } %annote = { % An interesting read, and it could potentially be relevant beyond % the modelling community, since it concerns one of the most important % decisions affecting our transportation system. I'm a little % concerned by their conclusion that the number of licensed drivers % in a household is one of the major factors affecting fleet size % decisions---this could well beg the question, shifting from % ``why did you buy a vehicle?'' to ``why did you get a license?'' % Also, their final results aren't spectacular---while they get 90\% % success rate, they seem to get there by biasing answers towards the % ``do nothing'' alternative, which accounts for 86\% of all % decisions. If you used the stupidest possible model, ``pick the % most probable decision'' and thus always chose ``do nothing,'' % you'd get 86\% right, so 90\% isn't so astounding. But I'm not an % expert in these things at all---perhaps I've misunderstood. % They don't seem to include a lot of variables in their model; I'm % surprised that some of have been ommitted (commute distance, or % commute time by various modes, some variable for level of mixed use % development around home, gasoline prices). Perhaps these variables are % too hard to measure (especially mixed use), or perhaps they can't get % statistically significant results for these variables using their % dataset. Curious. %} @article{MohMil03b, author = {Abolfazl Mohammadian and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {An Empirical Investigation of Household Vehicle Type Decisions}, year = 2003, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1854, pages = {99--106}, url = {http://transportation.northwestern.edu/seminars/03-04/mohammadian112003/MohamadianVehicleTypeChoice.pdf}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute}, status = {read}, annote = { Not very useful for my purposes, although I'm sure anyone interested in emissions analysis might appreciate it. It's curious that gasoline prices aren't considered a relevant variable. } } @techreport{MooTho94, author = {Terry Moore and Paul Thorsnes}, title = {The Transportation/Land Use Connection}, year = 1994, month = Jan, institution = {American Planning Association}, address = {Chicago, IL, USA}, edition = {1st}, number = {448/449}, keywords = {urban economics, transport planning, urban planning, congestion pricing, transportation demand management, transit, land use transport link, zoning }, rating = 5, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/MooTho94/index.html } } @article{MouLeeCheColJohSchWea05, author = {Anne V.~Moudon and Chanam Lee and Allen D.~Cheadle and Cheza W.~Collier and Donna Johnson and Thomas L.~Schmid and Robert D.~Weather}, title = { Cycling and the Built Environment, a {US} perspective}, year = 2005, month = May, journal = {Transportation Research D}, volume = 10, number = 3, status = {read}, pages = {245--261}, abstract = { This disaggregate cross-sectional study uses primary data on the cycling behavior of 608 randomly sampled respondents in urbanized King County, Washington, and objective parcel-level GIS measures of land use and infrastructure conditions. Binary logit model findings provide new insights on who bicycles, and on perceived and actual built environmental conditions associated with the likelihood of cycling in neighborhoods, controlling for socio-demographic variables. A high 21\% of the respondents report cycling at least once a week in their neighborhood, more often for recreation or exercise than for transportation. Cycling is more popular among male, younger adults, transit users, and those who are physically active and in good health. Both perceived and objective environmental conditions contribute to the likelihood of cycling. Proximity to trails and the presence of agglomerations of offices, clinics/hospitals, and fast food restaurants, measured objectively, are significant environmental variables. Previously researched correlates of cycling, such as the presence of bicycle lanes, traffic speed and volume, slope, block size, and the presence of parks, are found insignificant when objectively measured. A non-linear relationship is found between the odds of cycling and the perception of traffic problems and automobile-oriented facilities. Overall, cycling is only moderately associated with the neighborhood environment. It appears to be an individual choice that is independent from environmental support. This finding likely reflects the limited bicycle infrastructure in the sample frame---an unfortunate condition found in most US metropolitan regions. Policy and intervention programs could increase cycling by improving both actual and perceived environmental conditions. }, annote = { The study is severely limited by its sampling frame and by casting its net too broadly. If it had focused only on work trips or shopping trips, the results would probably be more meaningful. Of course, given the survey method and the miniscule mode share of cycling, this would be extremely expensive. }, keywords = {bicycle planning, urban form} } @incollection{MouUnt87, author = {Anne V.~Moudon and Richard K.~Untermann}, title = {Grids Revisited}, year = 1987, editor = {Anne V.~Moudon}, booktitle = {Public Streets for Public Use}, chapter = 9, pages = {132--148}, publisher = {Van Nonstrand Reinhold}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, status = {read}, keywords = {streets, urban planning} } @incollection{Mul86, author = {Peter O.~Muller}, title = {Transportation and Urban Form: Stages in the Spatial Evolution of the {A}merican Metropolis}, year = 1986, booktitle = {The Geography of Urban Transportation}, editor = {Susan Hanson}, edition = {1st}, chapter = 2, publisher = {Guildford Press}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, pages = {26--52}, status = {read}, keywords = { urban form, land use transport link, history }, annote = { An interesting take on a classic topic. (See also: MooTho94, NewKen96, etc.) I found the discussion of class interesting: dispersed development (initially in the form of streetcar suburbs, later in the form of auto suburbs) allowed the middle-class to achieve something that had previously been reserved for the upper-class: income segregation. Prohibition was part of this process: dry districts were partly intended to keep out the working classes. Streetcars also opened up enough space to allow the formation of ethnic neighbourhoods for the first time, which is certainly evident in a city like Toronto. The period from 1920--1930 was the ``point im time, many geographers and planners would agree, that intrametropolitan transportation achieved its greatest level of efficiency---the burgeoning city truly `worked.' '' Muller cites some great studies: Bae78 shows the evolution of land uses along a Minneapolis freeway corridor from 1953--1976 as a new `downtown' emerged along the freeway. } } @book{Mum61, author = {Lewis Mumford}, title = {The City in History: Its origins, its transformations and its prospects}, year = 1961, publisher = {Harcourt, Brace}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, status = {read}, keywords = {history, urban planning, urban design, urban politics} } @inproceedings{Nas04, author = {Andrew Nash}, title = {Traffic Calming in Three {E}uropean Cities: Recent Experience}, year = 2004, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 84th meeting of the Transportation Research Board}, url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb/trb2004/TRB2004-001101.pdf}, keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, parking, urban planning, traffic calming}, status = {read}, annote = { An interesting look at Munich, Vienna and Zurich. Their approaches to funding are similar to Vancouver's, but they've done some very innovative projects, including narrowing arterials while maintaining capacity, and extensive parking management plans. } } @techreport{NeuStrKra00, author = {Ren{\'e} Neuenschwander and Silvia Strub and David Kramer}, title = {Swiss Overview (COST 342: Parking Policy Measures and Their Effects on Mobility and the Environment)}, year = 2000, month = Oct, institution = {European Co-operation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST)}, number = {COST 342/18/CH}, address = {Bern, Switzerland}, status = {read}, keywords = {parking}, annote = { Some interesting notes on the Swiss context. They've had the same difficulties as elesewhere---conflicts between state and city, business groups and environmental. The total number of spaces seems to be impossible to reduce, although the relative number can change slowly. One city tried to force shopping centres to charge for all parking, but backed down in the end. }, url = {ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/cost-transport/docs/342-19-ch.pdf} } @techreport{NeuStrKra01, author = {Ren{\'e} Neuenschwander and Silvia Strub and David Kramer}, title = {Swiss Case Studies (COST 342: Parking Policy Measures and Their Effects on Mobility and the Environment)}, year = 2001, month = May, institution = {European Co-operation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST)}, number = {COST 342/18/CH}, address = {Bern, Switzerland}, status = {read}, keywords = {parking}, url = {ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/cost-transport/docs/342-18-ch.pdf} } @article{Neu05, author = {Michael Neuman}, title = {The Compact City Fallacy}, year = 2005, journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research}, volume = 25, number = 1, pages = {11--26}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban form, energy}, annote = { An interesting, clearly and calmly written article, but not entirely convincing in its central argument. I liked the discussion and dissection of sustainability themes (something I haven't read too much about), but I find the condemnation of compact cities and New Urbanism a little premature. Neuman's criticisms are largely legitimate---particularly with regard to the actual New Urbanist developments on the ground---and I am quite sympathetic to the goal of organic city processes, but I think urban form (and density in particular) remains a key component of any future sustainable city: a necessary condition, but not sufficient. } } @article{NewKen89b, author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy}, title = {Gasoline Consumption and Cities: A Comparison of {U.S.}~Cities with a Global Survey}, year = 1989, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 55, number = 1, pages = {24--37}, status = {read}, keywords = { transport planning, urban planning, canada, energy, land use transport link, urban form, transit }, rating = 4, annote = { This was the first I read by these authors; this article and their 1989 book are classic texts in the field. It's an ambitious and impressive effort, although I doubt that anyone will ever completely believe either their data or their results. Nevertheless, the data collection effort is laudable, especially when they include information on parking and relative speeds. Since reading this, I've improved my stats quite a bit, and I'd like to revisit it (or their 1999 followup) and see if I buy their results and conclusions. I'd also like to look into the econometric models they criticised. One choice quote: ``Toronto has a much stronger transit system (50?? vehicle miles of service per capita) than do U.S. or Australian cities, a feature with its dense land use; its provision for automobiles is also much less than that in U.S. and Australian cities. The diversity of its transit systems, which include commuter rail, subway, modern trams on-street and new LRT on separated tracks, electric trolleys, and diesel buses (as well as comprehensive cycle ways), provides a powerful comparison to nearby Detroit, which has an almost complete commitment to the automobile. The per capita gasoline consmuption in Detroit is double that in Toronto; transit use is 0.8 percent of total passenger miles in Detroit, compared with 16.7 percent in Toronto. However, the difference in gasoline consumption in Detroit and Toronto cannot be explained simply by the difference in transit use. For example, if all of Toronto's transit users transferred to car the per capita use of gasoline would increase by 53 gallons, making Toronto's usage still 184 gallons per capita lower than that of Detroit. The Toronto transit system is part of an overall more energy-efficient city, despite Toronto having lower gasoline prices in 1980 and less fuel-efficient vehicles than the U.S. Indeed, Toronto is one of the few cities in the world with well-developed policies for transportation energy conservation based on land use strategies.'' } } @article{NewKen96, author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy}, title = {The land use-transportation connection: an overview}, year = 1996, month = Jan, journal = {Land Use Policy}, volume = 13, number = 1, pages = {1--22}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, canada, land use transport link, urban form}, abstract = { There is a growing international movement, ``The New Urbanism'', which seeks to reconnect transport with land use and in particular to establish transit-oriented development where higher-density, mixed-use areas built around high-quality transit systems provide a focused urban structure that can help to loosen the grasp of automobile dependence. There are many case studies around the world of cities which demonstrate this process of reconnecting land use and transport. The cases of Singapore, Hong Kong, Zurich (Switzerland), Copenhagen (Denmark), Freiburg (Germany), Toronto and Vancouver (Canada), Portland, Oregon (USA) and Perth (Australia) are briefly described here to show the various levels of achievement in very different environments around the world. }, rating = 4, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/NewKen96/index.html } } @book{NewKen99, author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy}, title = {Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence}, year = 1999, publisher = {Island Press}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, status = {read}, rating = 5, keywords = {general interest, transport planning, urban planning, canada, land use transport link, urban form, energy, sustainability}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/NewKen99/index.html } } % actual authors: Jane Howard and Samuel Seskin and Robert Cervero and Jeffrey % Zupan % part of TCRP Project H-1: Transit and Urban Form @techreport{ParCerHowZup96c, author = {{Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade \& Douglas, Inc.} and Robert Cervero and {Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.} and Jeffrey Zupan}, title = {Transit and Urban Form: A Guidebook for Practitioners}, type = {Report}, number = {16 Volume 2 Part III}, institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation Research Board}, year = 1996, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, status = {read}, keywords = {transit, transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link}, url = {http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_16-3.pdf} } @techreport{PBIC02, author = {{Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center}}, title = {Bike Lane Design Guide}, year = 2002, month = Aug, institution = {Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center}, address = {Chapel Hill, NC, USA}, keywords = {bicycle planning, pavement marking}, url = {http://www.bicyclinginfo.org/de/bikelaneguide.htm}, status = {read} } @inproceedings{Pel05, author = {Piet H.~Pellenbarg}, title = {Firm migration in the {N}etherlands}, year = 2005, month = Aug, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 45th {E}uropean {R}egional {S}cience {A}ssociation Congress}, address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands}, status = {read}, keywords = {location choice, firm behaviour, demography of firms} } %volume = 7, @techreport{Per1929, author = {Clarence A.~Perry}, title = {The neighborhood unit: a scheme of arrangement for the family-life community}, year = 1929, booktitle = {The Regional Plan of {N}ew {Y}ork and its Environs}, institution = {Russell Sage Foundation}, type = {Monograph}, volume = 1, quality = 3, status = {read}, keywords = {urban planning, urban design, streets}, annote = { Some interesting discussion. This design served as the prototype for suburban layouts for quite a while, although the results have not met the optimistic expectations laid out here. Many of his goals are laudable (walking distance to all amenities, avoid forcing children to cross arterials, etc.) while others are not (promoting segregation). ``It is plain that arterial highways must necessarily run in every direction and turn the street system into a network, and that residential life must occupy the interstitial spaces.'' This marked one of the first times that a neighbourhood was planned inside the bounds of a square of ``arterials,'' and that framing proved popular, although Jane Jacobs has made strong arguments against it. Perry represents Jacobs' antithesis, I think: patriarchal and paternalist, aiming to plan and provide for whatever needs he considers valid. He calls the regular grid of equal-sized streets ``leading nowhere in particular'' while his meandering discontinuous street plan is ``leading to places where people go.'' It's a deceptively persuasive argument---who would be against good design?---but it's ultimately patronising and controlling. } } @article{Pla04, author = {Pnina O.~Plaut}, title = {Non-commuters: the people who walk to work or work at home}, year = 2004, month = May, journal = {Transportation}, volume = 31, number = 2, pages = {229--255}, status = {read}, keywords = {pedestrian planning, transport modelling }, annote = { So... patronising. From the title (``non-commuters'') onwards, the author treats walking as an exotic eccentricity: ``While fascinating, exotic and possibly romantic, little is known about those who ``refuse'' to use the two main modes of travel.'' The author does note that Eas99 found that motorized travel models cannot be easily applied to nonmotorized travel. The analysis is confused by the antiquated sexist division of the Israeli census into ``heads of household'' and ``spouse of head'' categories. The author makes little attempt to unify the analysis of these categories, and falls into rambling about walkers being ``poorer and less educated'' than commuters, instead of doing a breakdown by income group and comparing trends within each group, or making a reasonable effort to guess at causes. Okay, I'm reacting very negatively to the article, and I'm not giving it a fair shake, but the tone and language really irritated me. }, rating = 1 } @techreport{Por01, author = {Andr{\'e} Porlier}, title = {Le stationnement comme outil de gestion des déplacements dans la région métropolitaine de Montréal}, year = 2001, month = May, institution = {Conseil régional de l'environnement de Montréal}, address = {Montréal, QC, Canada}, status = {read}, keywords = {parking, canada, transportation demand management}, url = {http://www.transportdurable.qc.ca/documents/stationnement.pdf} } @incollection{PraDia00, author = {Poulicos Prastacos and Manolis Diamandakis}, title = {Applying {GIS} Technology in Operational Urban Models}, editor = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and Michael Wegener}, booktitle = {Spatial Models and {GIS}: New Potential and New Models}, year = 2000, publisher = {Taylor and Francis}, address = {London, UK}, pages = {223--234}, keywords = {geographic information systems, spatial modelling, transport modelling}, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/FotWeg00/index.html } } @article{Puc01, author = {John Pucher}, title = {Cycling Safety on Bikeways vs. Roads}, year = 2001, month = {Fall}, journal = {Transportation Quarterly}, volume = 55, number = 4, keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle segregation }, url = {http://policy.rutgers.edu/tpi/docs/cyclingsafety.pdf}, status = {read}, annote = { Essentially just a rebuttal to John Forester's (ridiculous) claims about the massive benefits of vehicular cycling. } } @article{PucBue05, author = {John Pucher and Ralph Buehler}, title = {Cycling Trends and Policies in {C}anadian Cities}, year = 2005, month = Mar, journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice}, volume = 11, number = 1, keywords = {bicycle planning, canada}, url = {http://www.vtpi.org/pucher_canbike.pdf}, status = {read}, abstract = { Bicycling accounted for an average of 1.2\% of work trips in Canada in 2001, but with considerable variation by province and metropolitan area. In this study, we chose six Canadian cities for detailed analysis of their cycling trends and policies: Montreal and Quebec City in Quebec; Ottawa and Toronto in Ontario; and Vancouver and Victoria in British Columbia. All of these cities have made impressive efforts to encourage more and safer cycling. Most of the cities report increases in cycling levels over the past two decades but appear to have reached a limit due to lack of funding for crucially needed cycling infrastructure (bike paths and lanes, parking, intersection modifications, etc.). In addition, the low-density, car-oriented suburban sprawl spreading around most Canadian cities has been increasing trip distances, thus making cycling decreasingly feasible outside the urban core. Finally, Canadian cities and provinces have not imposed any significant restrictions on car use or imposed increases in taxes, fees, and other charges for car use, such as most European cities have implemented to discourage driving and increase transit use, walking, and cycling. If Canadian cities really want to further increase cycling levels, they will have to further expand cycling infrastructure, curb low-density sprawl, and impose more restrictions and charges on car use. } } @article{PucBue06, author = {John Pucher and Ralph Buehler}, title = {Why {C}anadians cycle more than {A}mericans: A comparative analysis of bicycling trends and policies}, year = 2006, journal = {Transport Policy}, volume = 13, number = 3, pages = {265--279}, keywords = {bicycle planning, canada}, abstract = { In spite of their colder climate, Canadians cycle about three times more than Americans. The main reasons for this difference are Canada?s higher urban densities and mixed-use development, shorter trip distances, lower incomes, higher costs of owning, driving and parking a car, safer cycling conditions, and more extensive cycling infrastructure and training programs. Most of these factors result from differences between Canada and the United States in their transport and land-use policies, and not from intrinsic differences in history, culture or resource availability. That is good news, since it suggests the possibility of significantly increasing cycling levels in the United States by adopting some of the Canadian policies that have so effectively promoted cycling and enhanced its safety. }, status = {read}, url = {http://www.policy.rutgers.edu/faculty/pucher/TransportPolicyArticle.pdf}, annote = { Very interesting. They perform a regression on some fairly aggregate data: provincial and state modal share and statistics. They find that precipitation, gasoline price, cycling fatality rates and temperature are the major factors determining mode share when American and Canadian data are combined, with median work trip distance almost as significant. Some of the most interesting findings: average length of work trips in similar-sized cities are twice as high in the US; cars are really quite a bit more expensive in Canada: 33\% of income, compared to 18\% in the U.S. I'm curious to see their sources for Canadian cycling injury stats; while I can see how they estimate total injuries, I can't imagine how they convert that to injuries per 100 million kilometres. I looked at the results a little more closely, and tried to normalize the input variables prior to doing correlation, to give a sense of their rank in affecting cycling mode share. (This effectively just amounts to multiplying the regression parameter by the standard deviation of the variable.) Using this approach, I found the parameters to be, from most to least important: 1) gas price, 0.30; 2) precipitation, -0.19; 3) work trip distance, -0.10; 4) temperature, 0.09; 5) fatality rate, -0.09. I'd be curious to see a similar analysis done in a purely urban Canadian context. } } @article{PucDij03, author = {John Pucher and Lewis Dijkstra}, title = {Promoting Safe Walking and Cycling to Improve Public Health: Lessons from the {N}etherlands and {G}ermany}, journal = {American Journal of Public Health}, volume = 93, number = 9, year = 2003, month = Sep, pages = {1509--1516}, annote = { Some interesting stats on cycling and walking rates among the elderly in Germany and the Netherlands}, keywords = {active transportation}, url = {http://policy.rutgers.edu/tpi/docs/usascii.pdf}, status = {read} } @book{Pun03, author = {John V.~Punter}, title = {The {V}ancouver Achievement: Urban Planning and Design}, year = 2003, publisher = {University of British Columbia Press}, address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada}, keywords = {history, canada, urban planning, urban politics, architecture, streets, urban design }, abstract = { This book examines the development of Vancouver's unique approach to zoning, planning, and urban design from the early 1970s to the beginning of the twenty-first century. By the late 1990s, Vancouver had established a reputation in North America for its planning achievement, especially for its creation of a participative, responsive, and design-led approach to urban regeneration and redevelopment. This system has other important features: an innovative approach to megaproject planning, a system of cost and amenity levies on major schemes, a participative process to underpin active neighbourhood planning, and a sophisticated panoply of design guidelines. These systems, processes, and their achievements place Vancouver at the forefront of international planning practice. The Vancouver Achievement explains the keys to its success, and evaluates its approach to planning and design against internationally accepted criteria. Generously illustrated with over 160 photos and figures, this book - the first comprehensive account of contemporary planning and urban design practice in any Canadian city - will appeal to academic and professional audiences, as well as the general public. }, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://www.davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Pun03/index.html } } @book{PusZup77, author = {Boris S.~Pushkarev and Jeffrey M.~Zupan}, title = {Public Transportation and Land Use Policy}, year = 1977, publisher = {Indiana University Press}, address = { Bloomington, IN, USA }, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, transit, land use transport link}, status = {read}, rating = 5, annoteurl = { http://www.davidpritchard.org/sustrans/PusZup77/index.html } } @inproceedings{RanVeoCetNag02, author = {Bryan Raney and Andreas Voelimy and Nurhan Cetin and Kai Nagel}, title = {Large scale multi-agent transportation simulation}, year = 2002, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Congress of the European Regional Science Association}, publisher = {European Regional Science Assocation}, address = {Dortmund, Germany}, url = {http://www.raumplanung.uni-dortmund.de/rwp/ersa2002/cd-rom/papers/333.pdf}, abstract = { In a multi-agent transportation simulation, each traveler is represented individually. Such simulation consist of at least the following modules: - Activity generation. For each traveler in the simulation, a complete 24-hour day-plan is generated, with each major activity (sleep, eat, work, shop, drink beer), their times, and their locations. - Modal and route choice. For each traveler in the simulation, the mode of transportation and the actual routes are computed. - The Traffic simulation itself. In this module, the travelers are moved through the system, via the transportation mode they have chosen. A reasonably realistic traffic dynamics is necessary to include dynamic effects such as queue built-up. - Learning and feedback. In order to find solutions which are consistent between the modules (congestion is a result of plans, but plans are made in anticipation of congestion), a standard relaxation technique is used. This technique has similarities to day-to-day human learning and can also be interpreted that way. It is clear that further modules need to be added, such as for housing and land use, but also for freight traffic. The important point of doing rule-based microscopic simulations is that it is possible to experiment with arbitrary behavioral rules, going all the way from simple learning heuristics to rational agent That is, one is not bound by, e.g., mathematical constraints. It is for example possible to construct, for each individual agent, a large set of plans (``strategies'') and have the agent select between these strategies, based on past performance, or construct a new strategy. This allows, for example, to evaluate performance according to individual preferences. It also allows to have, for each agent, an only partial knowledge of the world, which may be different for each agent, and may be changed via exploration (``mental maps''). Using advanced computational methods, in particular parallel computing, it is now possible to do this for large metropolitan areas with 10 million inhabitants or more. We are currently working on such a simulation of all of Switzerland. Our focus is on a computationally efficient implementation of the agent-based representation, which means that we in fact represent each agent with an individual set of plans as explained above. We use a data base to store the agent's strategies, then load them into the simulation modules as required, and feed back individual performance measures into the data base. This approach allows that additional modules can be coupled easily, and without destroying computational performance. Since the above only models day-to-day replanning, we also look at within-day replanning, which means that travelers can change plans during travel. In particular, we look at efficient distributed implementations of this. It turns out that computational efficiency is closely related to the real-world mechanics of the distributed intelligence inherent in the real world system. }, keywords = {transport modelling, computer science}, status = {read} } % Read chapters 1-2,12 @book{Ric77, author = {H.W.~Richardson}, title = {The new urban economics: and alternatives}, publisher = {Pion}, address = {London, UK}, year = 1977, keywords = {urban economics}, status = {read} } @article{Rie05, author = {Piet Rietveld}, title = {Six reasons why supply-oriented indicators systematically overestimate service quality in public transport}, year = 2005, month = May, journal = {Transport Reviews}, volume = 25, number = 3, pages = {319--328}, status = {read}, annote = { He's quite correct. All of these issues occurred to me when I was working on Vancouver's Transit Service Guideline implementation, which was supply-oriented rather than demand-oriented. It's a detailed case study in the problems with averages. }, keywords = {transit, indicators, transit indicators} } @article{RieDan04, author = {Piet Rietveld and Vanessa Daniel}, title = {Determinants of bicycle use: do municipal policies matter?}, year = 2004, month = Aug, journal = {Transportation Research A}, volume = 38, number = 7, pages = {531--550}, keywords = {bicycle planning, transport planning}, status = {read}, annote = { A useful read, featuring a regression analysis of 103 Dutch cities, their cycling policies, network quality, and geographic features. The Fietersbond (Dutch Cyclists' Union) collected a lot of the data here, including a special bicycle that measures pavement quality via vibrations! Before drawing conclusions from their results, I'd like to normalize all of their variables to better understand what the relative contribution of each parameter was. } } @techreport{Rob89, author = {John Roberts}, title = {Quality Streets: How traditional urban centres benefit from traffic-calming}, year = 1988, month = May, institution = {Transport and Environmental Studies (TEST)}, number = 75, address = {London, UK}, rating = 5, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Rob89/index.html }, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, pedestrian planning, traffic calming, streets} } @article{RooMohMil00, author = {Matthew J.~Roorda and Abolfazl Mohammadian and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {{T}oronto {A}rea Car Ownership Study: A Retrospective Interview and its Applications}, year = 2000, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1719, pages = {69--76}, abstract = { Recent work in the area of comprehensive transportation modeling systems in a microsimulation framework, more specifically auto ownership modeling, has recognized the need for increased experimentation with dynamic models. Implicitly, dynamic models require longitudinal data. A Toronto area car ownership study was conducted to design and administer a longitudinal survey to fulfill the data requirements for such a dynamic model, to validate the survey results, and to conduct preliminary analysis on those results. An in-depth retrospective telephone survey was conducted with the help of a computer aid in Toronto, Canada. Simple univariate analyses were conducted on the data to determine the relationship between characteristics of the household and the occurrence of vehicle transactions, the choice of vehicle type, the duration a vehicle is held, and the degree of consumer loyalty to different types of vehicles. }, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, canada}, status = {read}, annote = { I read this after Mohammadian's later papers. It looks like they did collect home/employer locations during the surveys---why didn't they use this information? } } @techreport{RTCAPBC99, author = {{Rails-to-Trails Conservancy and the Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Professionals}}, title = {Improving Conditions for Bicycling and Walking: A Best Practices Report}, year = 1998, month = Jan, institution = {U.S.~Federal Highway Administration}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {transport planning, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning}, url = {http://www.walkinginfo.org/task_orders/to_5/intro.pdf}, status = {read} } @article{RyeCowIso06, author = {Tom Rye and Tom Cowan and Stephen Ison}, title = {Expansion of a Controlled Parking Zone and its influence on mode split: The Case of {E}dinburgh}, year = 2006, month = Feb, journal = {Transportation Planning and Technology}, volume = 29, number = 1, pages = 75, keywords = {parking} } @article{RyeIso05, author = {Tom Rye and Stephen Ison}, title = {Overcoming barriers to the implementation of car parking charges at {UK} workplaces}, year = 2005, journal = {Transport Policy}, volume = 12, number = 1, pages = {57--64}, status = {read}, keywords = {parking} } @techreport{Sac04, author = {Fatma Sa\c{c}li}, title = {Office Parks, Accessibility and Location Policy}, year = 2004, institution = {International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis}, type = {Land Use Change Report}, number = {IR-04-20}, address = {Laxenburg, Austria}, status = {read}, keywords = {firm behaviour, location choice}, url = {http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Publications/Documents/IR-04-020.pdf} } @inproceedings{Sal00, author = {Jaana Salo}, title = {Conditions related to cycling and planning parking facilities for bicycles}, year = 2000, booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo Mondiale 2000}, address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands}, keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle parking}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.velomondial.net/velomondiall2000/PDF/SALO.PDF} } @phdthesis{Sal03, author = {Paul A.~Salvini}, title = {Design and development of the {ILUTE} operational prototype: a comprehensive microsimulation model of urban systems}, year = 2003, school = {University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering}, address = {Toronto, ON, Canada}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute}, status = {read} } @inproceedings{SalMil03, author = {Paul A.~Salvini and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {{ILUTE}: An Operational Prototype of a Comprehensive Microsimulation Model of Urban Systems}, year = 2003, month = Aug, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Travel Behavior Research}, address = {Lucerne, Switzerland}, url = {http://www.ivt.baum.ethz.ch/allgemein/pdf/salvini.pdf}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute}, status = {read} } @article{SanRoj04, author = {Georgina Santos and Laurent Rojey}, title = {Distributional impacts of road pricing: the truth behind the myth}, year = 2004, month = Feb, journal = {Transportation}, volume = 31, number = 1, pages = {21--42}, keywords = {congestion pricing, equity}, status = {read}, abstract = { This paper shows that road pricing can be regressive, progressive or neutral, and refutes the generalised idea that road pricing is always regressive. The potential distributional impacts of a road pricing scheme are assessed in three English towns. It is found that impacts are town specific and depend on where people live, where people work and what mode of transport they use to go to work. Initial impacts may be progressive even before any compensation scheme for losers is taken into account. When the situation before the scheme is implemented is such that majority of drivers entering the area where the scheme would operate come from households with incomes above the average, it can be expected that, once the scheme is implemented, these drivers coming from rich households will continue to cross the cordon and will be prepared to pay the charge. In such a case the overall effect will be that on average, rich people will pay the toll and poor people will not. } } @book{Sau95, author = {John Ralston Saul}, title = {The Unconscious Civilization}, year = 1995, publisher = {House of Anansi}, address = {Toronto, ON, Canada}, series = {CBC Massey Lectures}, status = {read}, keywords = {philosophy, politics, governance}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Sau95/index.html } } @article{Sch96, author = {Paul Schimek}, title = {Household Motor Vehicle Ownership and Use: How Much Does Residential Density Matter?}, year = 1996, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1552, pages = {120--125}, status = {read}, keywords = {transport modelling, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link} } % annote = { % I have to say that I really doubt some of the conclusions drawn by % this paper. He claims that ``[t]he effect of density is so small % that even a relatively large-scale shift to urban densities would % have a negligible impact on total vehicle travel.'' Intuitively, % I completely disagree with this conclusion; it just doesn't make % sense to me. However, until I read this paper, I didn't have a good % enough understanding of the language used in social sciences % statistics to contradict him. Just by looking at his method and % formulas, I could see problems, but I needed to learn a bit about % the statistical methods he used to really critique the paper's % conclusions. % % On the basis of a little reading in the area, I would % suggest two main flaws. First, some of his % independent variables are likely highly correlated: density, % transit, and central city location. If they are highly correlated % (``collinear''), then their t-statistics may be underestimated; in % other words, they may be more significant than his results show. % (He notes the connection between density and central city location, % but I think it'll have more impact than he suggests.) % Second, he has probably omitted some important variables, such as % the relative cost of driving with respect to transit. His low % R-squared values may be a symptom of this omission. Beyond these % major arguments, I see other problems: he uses true/false % independent variables instead of continuous variables (e.g., % there either is a transit stop within three blocks or not, rather % than using a variable for the distance to the nearest transit stop, % or the expected travel+wait time), and he makes conclusions based % on some fairly major extrapolations from his data. Also, as Dow92 % noted, a 50\% increase in population density doesn't have much % effect at all. As FraPiv94 noted in a much better study, the % relationship between density and modal split is nonlinear. % Curiously, Schimek cites that paper but dismisses it since it % doesn't control for income. (I think they might actually have % controlled for income, but they admittedly didn't mention it.) % I'd be curious to revisit this once I've % got more experience with the statistical methods used in this % type of analysis. I suspect I could estimate the relative % significance of the various flaws I've outlined above with a bit % more skill and reading. % % I've seen this study cited positively by many authors, usually for % the fact of seeing a relationship between density and VMT. Overall, % I'm not convinced that his method really captures the relationship; % Todd Litman's web page describing transportation elasticities does % a better job. That said, Schimek does raise some valid points: % rising incomes could conceivably counteract the effects of % increases in density. % } @inproceedings{Sch97, author = {Paul Schimek}, title = {The Dilemmas of Bicycle Planning}, booktitle = {Presented at the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning and Association of European Schools of Planning Joint International Conference}, year = 1996, month = Jul, address = {Toronto, ON, Canada}, url = {http://danenet.wicip.org/bcp/dilemma.html}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, status = {read} } @unpublished{Sch97b, author = {Paul Schimek}, title = {Understanding the Relatively Greater Use of Public Transit in {C}anada Compared to the {USA}}, year = 1997, institution = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning}, address = {Cambridge, MA, USA}, note = {Unpublished Ph.D. thesis}, keywords = {canada, transit, transport planning} } @article{SchMok05, author = {Tim Schwanen and Patricia L.~Mokhtarian}, title = {What affects commute mode choice: neighborhood physical structure or preferences towards neighborhoods?}, year = 2005, journal = {Journal of Transport Geography}, volume = 13, number = 1, pages = {83--99}, status = {read}, keywords = {land use transport link, travel behaviour}, annote = { A very useful classification of residents: by urban/suburban mismatch. Those living in the city but preferring suburbia (``dissonant'') behave those who both live in and prefer the city (``consonant''). Of the dissonants, urban-dwellers are claimed to be better off than suburban-dwellers, since urban dissonants can still drive, while suburban dissonants can't really do much about inadequate transit service / walking environment. } } @techreport{SchPorPaySuhMoeWil99, author = {W.L.~Schwartz and C.D.~Porter and G.C.~Payne and J.H.~Suhrbier and P.C.~Moe and W.L.~{Wilkinson III}}, title = {Guidebook on Methods to Estimate Non-Motorized Travel: Overview of Methods}, year = 1999, number = {FHWA-RD-98-165}, institution = {U.S.~Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {transport planning, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning}, status = {read}, abstract = { This guidebook provides a means for practitioners to better understand and estimate bicycle and pedestrian travel and to address transportation planning needs. The guidebook describes and compares the various methods that can be used to forecast non-motorized travel demand or that otherwise support the prioritization and analyses of non-motorized projects. These methods are categorized according to four major purposes: (1) demand estimation; (2) relative demand potential; (3) supply quality analysis; and (4) supporting tools and techniques. Discrete choice models, regional travel models, sketch plan methods, facility demand potential, bicycle compatibility measures, and geographic information systems are among the methods and tools described. }, url = {http://www.walkinginfo.org/task_orders/to_12/to12/vol1/title.htm} } @article{Sho99, author = {Donald C.~Shoup}, title = {The Trouble with Minimum Parking Requirements}, year = 1999, month = Sep, journal = {Transportation Research A}, volume = 33, number = {7/8}, pages = {549--574}, status = {read}, keywords = {transport planning, parking}, url = {http://vtpi.org/shoup.pdf}, annote = { A top-notch article. Fascinating reading. I suspect that we need some intermediate steps before priced curb parking could be viable, but I like some of his analysis of the costs associated with parking, and his illustration of the benefits of paid parking. He raises some interesting novel points about (1) minimum parking requirements depressing land values; (2) fee-in-lieu as a way of gauging the value of parking spaces; (3) minimum parking requirements mandate meeting the peak demand for free parking, preventing a market from forming; (4) minimum parking requirements derive from a desire to prevent spillover effects in residential areas. } } @article{Sho99b, author = {Donald C.~Shoup}, title = {Instead of Free Parking}, year = 1999, journal = {Access Magazine}, volume = 15, pages = {10--15}, status = {read}, keywords = {transport planning, parking}, url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/access.pl?access15.pdf} } @article{Sho02, author = {Donald C.~Shoup}, title = {Roughly Right or Precisely Wrong}, year = 2002, journal = {Access Magazine}, volume = 20, pages = {20--26}, status = {read}, keywords = {transport planning, parking}, url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/access.pl?access20.pdf} } @article{Sie04, author = {Matti Siemiatycki}, title = {The International Diffusion of Radical Transportation Policy: The Case of Congestion Charging}, year = 2004, month = Dec, journal = {Planning Theory \& Practice}, volume = 5, number = 4, pages = {510--514}, keywords = {congestion pricing, urban politics}, status = {read} } @article{Ska06, author = {Andrejs Skaburskis}, title = {New {U}rbanism and Sprawl}, year = 2006, journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research}, volume = 25, pages = {233--248}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban planning, new urbanism} } @incollection{Smi02, author = {Graham Paul Smith}, title = {Homezones and traffic calming: implications for cyclists}, year = 2002, chapter = 5, pages = {72--85}, editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for Urban Planners}, publisher = {Woodhead Publishing}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning, traffic calming}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html } } @inproceedings{Sny04, author = {Ryan Snyder}, title = {Models, Shmodels: Why Can't We Accept the Reality of Uncertainty?}, year = 2004, booktitle = {Proceedings of Pro Walk/Pro Bike 2004}, address = {Victoria, BC, Canada}, url = {http://www.bikewalk.net/sessions/55_Models_shmodels/Models_Shmodels.doc}, keywords = {bicycle planning, transport modelling}, status = {read} } @techreport{Sob97, author = {Richard Soberman}, title = {The Track Ahead: Organization of the {TTC} under the new amalgamated {C}ity of {T}oronto}, year = 1997, month = Sep, institution = {University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering}, url = {http://transit.toronto.on.ca/archives/reports/track_ahead.pdf}, status = {read}, keywords = {transit, governance, canada} } @article{SonKna04, author = {Yan Song and Gerrit-Jan Knaap}, title = {Measuring Urban Form: Is {P}ortland Winning the War on Sprawl?}, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, year = 2004, volume = 70, number = 2, url = {http://www.planning.org/japa/pdf/JAPAsong.pdf}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form}, status = {read} } @article{Sou97, author = {Michael Southworth}, title = {Walkable Suburbs: an evaluation of neotraditional communities at the urban edge}, year = 1997, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 63, number = 1, pages = {28--44}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban planning, new urbanism} } @incollection{SpiWeg00, author = {Klaus Spiekermann and Michael Wegener}, title = {Freedom from the Tyranny of Zones: Towards New {GIS}-based Spatial Models}, editor = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and Michael Wegener}, booktitle = {Spatial Models and {GIS}: New Potential and New Models}, year = 2000, publisher = {Taylor and Francis}, address = {London, UK}, pages = {45--61}, keywords = {geographic information systems, spatial modelling, transport modelling, equity}, status = {read}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/FotWeg00/index.html } } @article{TalEll02, author = {Emily Talen and Cliff Ellis}, title = {Beyond Relativism: Reclaiming the Search for Good City Form}, year = 2002, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 22, pages = {36--49}, keywords = {philosophy, urban form}, status = {read}, abstract = { This article argues that the search for a theory of good city form should be given a more prominent place in planning theory alongside theories of planning as a process. The professional practice of city and regional planning requires well-validated, durable criteria for successful outcomes. Fortunately, many recent developments in philosophy, science, political theory, and the arts challenge the postmodern relativism that has deflected attention away from normative theory toward procedural issues. The authors argue that planners should take advantage of these new ideas and launch a renewed quest for the elements of good city form. }, annote = { Taking off from Lyn81 and borrowing from Turner's theory of the "radical centre,'' this article discusses the need for good urban form as a key part of planning theory. A good quote: ``As Duany et. al (2000) have argued, our goal should be a very high `win-loss ratio,' not sporadic, serendipitous victories.'' } } @incollection{Tay03, author = {David Taylor}, title = {Connectivity and Movement}, year = 2003, editor = {Peter Neal}, booktitle = {Urban Villages and the Making of Communities}, chapter = 5, pages = {103--118}, publisher = {Spon Press}, address = {London, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {new urbanism, urban planning} } @article{Tie56, author = {Charles Tiebout}, title = {A pure theory of local public expenditures}, year = 1956, journal = {Journal of Political Economy}, volume = 64, number = 5, pages = {416--424}, keywords = {urban politics, equity, zoning} } @article{TilLevKri07, author = {N.Y.~Tilahun and David M.~Levinson and Kevin J.~Krizek}, title = {Trails, lanes or traffic: Valuing bicycle facilities with an adapted stated preference survey}, year = 2007, month = May, journal = {Transportation Research A}, volume = 41, number = 4, pages = {287--301}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @inproceedings{Tim03, author = {Harry J.P.~Timmermans}, title = {The Saga of Integrated Land Use-Transport Modeling: How Many More Dreams Before We Wake Up?}, year = 2003, month = Aug, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Travel Behavior Research}, address = {Lucerne, Switzerland}, url = {http://www.ivt.baum.ethz.ch/allgemein/pdf/timmermans.pdf}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, land use transport link}, status = {read}, annote = { He makes some very valid criticisms of integrated transportation/land use models. He has four things in particular that he'd like to see done: induction of principles of spatial behaviour; development of context and domain-specific behavioural models, where he complains about the use of multinomial logit models for residential location decisions, despite the fact that most households have very limited information and housing literature gives better models; development of truly integrated models, instead of cobbling together existing models and all of their assumptions; modelling of spatial planning and its effects on urban form, including P3s. } } @article{Tiw03, author = {Geetam Tiwari}, title = {Transport and land-use policies in {D}elhi}, year = 2003, journal = {Bulletin of the World Health Organization}, volume = 81, pages = {444--450}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, equity} } @article{Tom02, author = {Ray Tomalty}, title = {Growth Management in the {V}ancouver Region}, year = 2002, journal = {Local Environment}, volume = 7, number = 4, pages = {431--445}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban planning, canada, smart growth, urban growth boundary}, annote = { A good article summarizing the history of the GVRD and the effectiveness of its growth management. Invaluable for anyone new to the Vancouver planning scene, or for those who just want to step back momentarily and look at the big picture. } } @article{TomSka03, author = {Ray Tomalty and Andrejs Skaburskis}, title = {Development Charges and City Planning Objectives: the {O}ntario Disconnect}, year = 2003, journal = {Canadian Journal of Urban Research}, volume = 12, number = 1, pages = {142--161}, abstract = { In many provinces in Canada, development charges are collected by municipal governments to help pay for the capital costs associated with urban growth. Hardly anywhere, however, is there an attempt to structure development charges so as to achieve planning goals. This article examines the disconnect between fiscal and planning goals by tracking the evolution of development charge regimes in a particular urban region, namely the Greater Toronto Area in Ontario, Canada. The authors pose the question: why do so many municipalities adopt average cost approaches to calculating development charges when it is widely assumed that a marginal cost approach is superior from an infrastructure and land-use efficiency (i.e., planning) perspective? The typical explanations put forward to account for this preference are examined and found wanting. A fuller explanation requires an understanding of developer-municipal conflict over the principles involved in the design of development charges. This leads us to an account of the emergence of development charges in Ontario and the evolving debate between municipalities and developers over who should pay for the infrastructure needed to support growth. This story reveals that there has been a gradual shift in municipal infrastructure financing practices from a marginal cost or ``site-specific'' approach, favoured by developers, to an average cost or ``municipal-wide'' approach, favoured by municipalities. In the conclusions, a number of factors underlying this evolution are identified. }, status = {read}, keywords = {canada, urban planning, urban politics, finance} } @inproceedings{Tom00, author = {David Tomlinson}, title = {Conflicts between Cyclists and Motorists in {T}oronto, {C}anada}, year = 2000, booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo Mondiale 2000}, address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands}, keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle accidents, canada}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.velomondial.net/velomondiall2000/PDF/TOMLINSO.PDF}, annote = { A good analysis of 2600 collisions over a two-year period. Valuable insight in a typical Canadian context. See also full report (CT03). } } @article{TorOSu01, author = {P.M.~Torrens and David O'Sullivan}, title = {Cellular Automata and Urban Simulation: where do we go from here?}, year = 2001, journal = {Environment and Planning B}, volume = 28, number = 2, pages = {163--168}, annote = { High-level reflection on CA. Authors discuss relation between theory of CA and practice (bastardization) in urban simulation. See calibration as the biggest current issue, but also feel that many modelers get caught up in modeling and don't contribute back to urban theory. }, keywords = {spatial modelling, computer science}, status = {read} } @techreport{Tra03, author = {TransLink}, title = {Sustainable Region Showcase for {G}reater {V}ancouver}, year = 2003, month = May, institution = {TransLink}, address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada}, status = {read}, keywords = {canada, transport planning, transit} } @techreport{Tra04, author = {TransLink}, title = {Cycling Performance Scorecard}, year = 2004, month = Jun, institution = {TransLink}, address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.translink.bc.ca/files/polls_surveys/cust_satisfaction/Cycling_PerfRep.pdf}, keywords = {canada, data, bicycle planning} } @techreport{TraBCA04, author = {TransLink and {British Columbia Automobile Association}}, title = {Interest in Viable Transportation Options Among Private Vehicle Drivers}, year = 2004, month = Jul, institution = {TransLink}, address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.translink.bc.ca/files/polls_surveys/cust_satisfaction/Report_BCAA_GVTA_Travel_Choices_Quantitative_Nov2004.pdf}, keywords = {canada, data, transit, transport planning} } @techreport{TLSM04, author = {{Transport for London Street Management}}, title = {A Business Case for Cycling and Evaluation of the Impacts of Cycling in {L}ondon}, year = 2004, month = Jan, institution = {Transport for London}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {bicycle planning, finance}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.tfl.gov.uk/streets/pdfdocs/cycling/Business\%20Case\%20for\%20Cycling.pdf}, annote = { A very ambitious bicycle plan, and with a rare application of cost/benefit analysis to cycling (instead of highways), showing reasonable benefits, even with major potential benefits excluded (health, reduced parking costs). } } @inproceedings{TLSM05b, author = {{Transport for London Street Management}}, title = {{A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines ({ASLs}): Background and Research Studies}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo-City 2005}, year = 2005, month = Jun, address = {Dublin, Ireland}, institution = {Transport for London}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box}, url = {http://www.tfl.gov.uk/cycles/downloads/pdf/asl.pdf}, annote = { A very useful overview of London-based research on advanced stop lines (aka bike boxes) to give cyclists priority at intersections. } } @book{ULINPA83, author = {{Urban Land Institute} and {National Parking Association}}, title = {The Dimensions of Parking}, edition = {2nd}, publisher = {The Urban Land Institute}, year = 1983, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {parking, transport planning}, status = {read}, annote = { Wow, what an awful collection of essays. I can't speak for the more engineering-oriented chapters (``Construction Techniques'' or ``Ventilation''), but the chapters on energy and the environment are so glib and blinkered that they're painful. ``Parking Demand'' was the most painful: after rightly pointing out the error of relying on tables of ``questionable, inappropriate, unknown, or obsolete origin'', Jean Keneipp then tells us to rely on these tables as long as they come from state transportation departments. He's also big on building to accommodate peak demand, instead of absorbing peak demand with other modes. Sigh. }, rating = 1 } @techreport{UNECE68, author = {{United Nations Economic Commission for Europe}}, title = {Vienna Convention on Road Traffic}, year = 1968, month = Nov, institution = {United Nations}, url = {http://www.unece.org/trans/conventn/crt1968e.pdf}, status = {read}, keywords = {law, bicycle planning}, annote = { A nice document, but sadly not ratified by Canada or the U.S. As suggested by the fact that it's a European convention, it's mostly ratified by European countries, plus a few African ones. Canada did ratify the 1949 convention, though. } } @techreport{Urb99, author = {{Urban Systems Inc.}}, title = {Parking Issues and Opportunities}, year = 1999, institution = {University of British Columbia Properties Inc.}, address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada}, url = {http://www.trek.ubc.ca/research/pdf/paper7.pdf}, keywords = {parking, transport planning, canada, transportation demand management}, annote = { An interesting read. It has a lot of useful Vancouver context, in more detail than other similar reports that I've read. That said, it makes a classic planning mistake: they make some decisions by surveying neighbouring jurisdictions and looking at averages. }, status = {read} } @techreport{Urb04, author = {Urban Systems Ltd.}, title = {Transportation Status Report: Fall 1997 to Fall 2003}, year = 2004, institution = {University of British Columbia TREK Program Centre}, address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada}, url = {http://www.trek.ubc.ca/research/pdf/Fall 2003 Transportation Status Report.pdf}, keywords = {transport planning, canada}, status = {read} } @article{Urr04, author = {John Urry}, title = {Social Engineering: Responding to {K}en {L}ivingstone}, year = 2004, month = Dec, journal = {Planning Theory \& Practice}, volume = 5, number = 4, pages = {506--509}, keywords = {congestion pricing, sociology}, status = {read} } @incollection{vanWis99, author = {van Wissen, Leo}, title = {A micro-simulation model of firms, applications of concepts of the demography of the firm}, year = 1999, chapter = 2, booktitle = {Demography of Firms: Spatial Dynamics of Firm Behaviour}, editor = {van Dijk, Jouke and Piet H.~Pellenbarg}, publisher = {Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap/Netherlands Geographical Studies}, address = {Utrecht/Groningen, The Netherlands}, issn = {0169-4839}, pages = {15--48}, status = {read}, keywords = {demography of firms, firm behaviour, location choice} } @article{VerNijRie95, author = {Erik Verhoef and Peter Nijkamp and Piet Rietvald}, title = {The economics of regulatory parking policies: the (im)possibilities of parking policies in traffic regulation}, year = 1995, month = Mar, journal = {Transportation Research A}, volume = 29, number = 2, pages = {141--156}, status = {read}, keywords = { parking, congestion pricing, urban economics }, abstract = { This article contains an economic analysis of regulatory parking policies as a substitute to road pricing. The scope for such policies is discussed, after which a simple diagrammatic analysis is presented, focusing on the differences between the use of parking fees and physical restrictions on parking space supply. The former is found to be superior for three reasons: an information argument, a temporal efficiency argument and an intertemporal efficiency argument. Finally, a spatial parking model is developed, showing that it may be possible to overcome the difficulty of regulatory parking policies not differentiating according to distance driven by specifying the appropriate spatial pattern of parking fees, making individuals respond to (spatial) parking fee differentials. } } @techreport{VR05, author = {{Vic Roads}}, title = {Coloured Surface Treatments for Bicycle Lanes}, year = 2005, month = Apr, institution = {Vic Roads}, address = {Melbourne, Australia}, type = {Cycle Notes}, number = 14, url = {http://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/vrpdf/trum/TR2004227.pdf}, keywords = {bicycle planning, pavement colouring}, status = {read} } % Reprinted in Stein, J, ed (1995). "Classic Readings in Urban Planning", NY: % McGraw-Hill: 311-332. @article{Wac84, author = {Martin Wachs}, title = {Autos, Transit, and the Sprawl of {L}os {A}ngeles: the 1920s}, year = 1984, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 50, number = 3, pages = {297--310}, keywords = { history, land use transport link, transit }, annote = { A different take on Los Angeles than I'd heard before. Wachs describes a city that was distinct from an early age. Its initial trajectory was not so different from Vancouver: a population of only 6000 in 1870, linked to the railroad in 1876. But it exploded from there, to 50,000 by 1890, up to 320,000 by 1910, and 1.2 million by 1930---and already 780,000 cars by that date. The city motorized extremely early, aided by the California climate and local conditions. The immigrants were quite well-to-do, mostly born in the USA and raised with American values, and settled in a very dispersed pattern well before the arrival of the automobile, mostly aided by streetcars. The city developed in parallel with communications technology (the telephone) and at the height of the City Beautiful movement. Also, building heights were constrained by city laws after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Already by 1924, 48 percent entering the CBD came by car. The decisive stroke in favour of automobiles, however, was the decision to proceed with an incremental roads and highway plan (1924), and the failure to adopt a proposed high-cost transit plan (1926). }, quality = 4 } @article{Wac89, author = {Martin Wachs}, title = {When Planners Lie with Numbers}, year = 1989, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 55, number = 4, pages = {476--479}, status = {read}, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, transport modelling}, annote = { ``You're the expert,'' says the client. ``If you can't produce an estimate, nobody can.'' ``I'm not paying you for guesses,'' says the supervisor. ``Where are the facts to back up your position?'' I once told a client that I could not in good conscience produce a forecast of the daily use of a proposed facility because there had never been a facility of that type in the region, and there was no experience on which to base a forecast. I was told, without even a pretense of politeness, ``If you won't forecast, I'll get another consultant.'' Another consultant was hired, and a forecast was made and paid for. Should the forecast be considered a good technical estimate, or a fiction produced to garner a fee by pleasing the client? } } @article{Wad02, author = {Paul Waddell}, title = {Urban{S}im: Modeling Urban Development for Land Use, Transportation and Environmental Planning}, year = 2002, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 68, number = 3, pages = {297--314}, annote = { Interesting. Waddell gives a nod to Miller's 98 TRCP paper, generally agreeing that it's a good description of an ``ideal model.'' Waddell's model definitely tries to do a better job than earlier models, but the simulation may still be too coarse to achieve its goals. There is no modelling of the household, or much modelling of decision-making procedures within the household. They use the same one-year timestep as Miller, but only a five-year timestep for calculation of the transportation network. Their ability to deal with other modes is seriously limited - while disaggregation brings the scale down to a reasonable level, they don't model automobile ownership, one of the key decisions. They note the difficulty of validation against historical data; even with a relatively stable period (1980-1994, little job or pop changes), there's a fair bit of difference between their model and others' models. And of course they can't hope to predict big changes - like Weyerhaueser closing a plant. They're also still fairly cellular automata based - transition rules instead of behavioural modelling. }, keywords = {transport modelling, transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link}, status = {read} } @incollection{WadUlf04, author = {Paul Waddell and Gudmundur F.~Ulfarsson}, title = {Introduction to Urban Simulation: Design and Development of Operational Models}, year = 2004, booktitle = {Handbook in Transport}, volume = {5: Transport Geography and Spatial Systems}, editor = {P.~Stopher and K.~Button and K.~Kingsley and D.~Hensher}, publisher = {Pergamon Press}, address = {Elmsford, NY, USA}, pages = {204--236}, annote = { Interesting background notes on the municipal interest in modeling - lawsuits from Sierra Club and others. I should compare Figure 3 vs. ILUTE's structure. Lots of good background on different modeling strategies. Claims that there is no evidence that aggregate data is less error-prone than disaggregate data. They show a very rough breakdown into submodels. }, keywords = {transport modelling, land use transport link}, status = {read} } @techreport{WalDavCra03, author = {G.T.~Wall and D.G.~Davies and M.~Crabtree}, title = {Capacity Implications of {A}dvanced {S}top {L}ines for Cyclists}, year = 2003, number = {TRL585}, institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {bicycle planning, bike box}, url = {http://217.118.128.203/store/downloadreport.asp?id=2736}, issn = {0968-4107}, status = {read}, abstract = { An investigation of the capacity implications of installing Advanced Stop Lines (ASLs) has been carried out by TRL Limited as part of a project entitled Cycling Facilities and Engineering, commissioned by the Charging and Local Transport Division of the Department for Transport. The study included a review of previous research into ASLs in the UK and in the Netherlands; an examination of the theoretical capacity implications of installing ASLs using OSCADY (Optimised Signal Capacity and Delay) the signal-controlled junction modelling computer programme and saturation flow formulae; `before' and `after' video surveys of modified junctions at four sites in Guildford, Surrey, and questionnaires to examine the attitudes of cyclists. While cyclists generally thought that the ASLs were safer and easier to use than unadapted junctions, concerns were expressed that some drivers did not comply with the new layout. Changes in the length of time between green signals or a longer minimum green time may be required in some circumstances. At the two sites where the number of traffic lanes remained the same there was a slight increase in saturation flow, but at the two sites where a traffic lane was removed large reductions in saturation flow were observed. This report of the study concludes with several recommendations. }, annote = { A valuable source, particularly for its review of Dutch literature on bike boxes. They find that adding a bike box with a 5m deep reservoir for a bike box has no effect on an intersection's motor vehicle capacity, unless a lane must be removed to make room for the bike box. } } @incollection{Wel02, author = {Ton Welleman}, title = {An efficient means of transport: experiences with cycling policy in the {N}etherlands}, year = 2002, chapter = 12, pages = {192--208}, editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for Urban Planners}, publisher = {Woodhead Publishing}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html } } @article{Whe00, author = {Stephen M.~Wheeler}, title = {Planning for Metropolitan Sustainability}, year = 2000, journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research}, volume = 20, pages = {133--145}, status = {read}, quality = 3, keywords = {sustainability, urban planning, governance, canada, public participation}, annote = { Some interesting historical notes on regional government: the abandonment of regional government in London, Barcelona and Copenhagen in the 1980s, and the Minneapolis-St. Paul tax sharing arrangement. He argues in favour of direct election of regional governments (e.g., Portland) rather than selection from local government officials (e.g., Vancouver, San Francisco) or appointment by state (e.g., Minneapolis-St. Paul). The article also has a more realistic view of governance and planning in the Greater Toronto Area than most articles I've read. } } @article{Whe03, author = {Stephen M.~Wheeler}, title = {The Evolution of Urban Form in {P}ortland and {T}oronto: implications for sustainability planning}, year = 2003, month = Jun, journal = {Local Environment}, volume = 8, number = 3, pages = {317--336}, status = {read}, url = {http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/1083947350-55615933/ftinterface~content=a713685047~fulltext=713240930}, keywords = {urban form, canada, streets, history, transport planning, urban planning, new urbanism}, abstract = { This paper analyses the evolution of urban form in two North American metropolitan regions (Portland and Toronto) and asks how more sustainable regional form might come about in the future in these and other urban areas. In the past, dominant patterns of urban form have emerged in such regions at different historical periods. These morphological phases include mid 19th-century grids, streetcar suburb grids, garden suburbs, automobile suburbs and New Urbanist neighbourhoods (which have only recently made an appearance and may or may not become widespread). Judging by the performance of past types of urban morphology, five design values appear particularly important for more sustainable urban form in the future: compactness, contiguity, connectivity, diversity and ecological integration. Although these principles were not well supported by 20th-century development, contemporary movements such as the New Urbanism and Smart Growth re-emphasise them. The example of these two regions indicates that, in the absence of new technological, economic or geographical forces, public sector institutions and urban social movements represent the most likely means to bring about new, more sustainable types of urban form. } } @techreport{WilWalHarGriLit04, author = {John Williams and Tom Walsh and David Harkey and Glenn Grigg and Todd Litman}, title = {Wisconsin Bicycle Facility Design Handbook}, year = 2004, url = {http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/projects/state/docs/bike-facility.pdf}, keywords = {bicycle planning, pavement marking, traffic calming, traffic controls}, institution = {Wisconsin Department of Transportation}, address = {Madison, WI, USA}, rating = 4, status = {read}, annote = { A very good, modern approach to bicycle facility design, from a North American perspective. Some really excellent diagrams of traffic calming designs; a good description of right-turn conflicts (p.~3-20). } } @incollection{Wil00, author = {Katie Williams}, title = {Does intensifying cities make them more sustainable?}, year = 2000, booktitle = {Achieving sustainable urban form}, editor = {Katie Williams and Elizabeth Burton and Mike Jenks}, pages = {30--45}, address = {London, UK}, publisher = {E\&FN Spon}, status = {read}, keywords = {sustainability, urban form} } @article{Wil95, author = {Richard W.~Willson}, title = {Suburban parking requirements: a tacit policy for automobile use and sprawl}, year = 1995, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 61, number = 1, pages = {29--42}, status = {read}, quality = 4, annote = { One of the better parking papers that I've read, and one which makes the connection to urban form explicit. One sentence was phrased in a way that struck me: he notes that each site is required to have adequate space to meet peak demands---rather than allowing one ``peak'' site for the area. Existing parking standards insist that parking must be provided exactly at the destination, even for rare peak demands. }, keywords = {transport planning, parking, land use transport link} } @incollection{Yea02, author = {Michael Yeates}, title = {Making space for cyclists: a matter of speed?}, year = 2002, chapter = 4, pages = {50--71}, editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for Urban Planners}, publisher = {Woodhead Publishing}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, rating = 1, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html } } @article{Zac05, author = {John Zacharias}, title = {Non-motorized transportation in four {S}hanghai districts}, year = 2005, journal = {International Planning Studies}, volume = 10, number = {3/4}, pages = {323--340}, status = {read}, keywords = {pedestrian planning, bicycle planning} } @incollection{Zal02, author = {Andrzej Zalewski}, title = {Traffic calming on the national road network to improve cycling conditions in small towns in {P}oland: the case of {K}obylnica {S}lupska on {N}ational {R}oad 21}, year = 2002, chapter = 15, pages = {237--250}, editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for Urban Planners}, publisher = {Woodhead Publishing}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, status = {read}, keywords = {bicycle planning, traffic calming}, annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html } } % REKEYWORDED TO HERE % UNREAD % Also 1981 edition @techreport{AASHTO91, author = {{American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials}}, title = {Guide for development of new bicycle facilities}, institution = {American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, year = 1991, keywords = {bicycle planning, transport planning} } @techreport{Abr98, author = {John Edward Abraham}, title = {A review of the {MEPLAN} modelling framework from a perspective of urban economics}, year = 1998, institution = {University of Calgary, Department of Civil Engineering}, address = {Calgary, AB, Canada}, type = {Research Report}, number = {CE98-2}, keywords = {transport modelling} } @phdthesis{Abr00, author = {John Edward Abraham}, title = { Parameter Estimation in Urban Models: Theory and Application to a Land Use Transport Interaction Model of the {S}acramento, {C}alifornia Region}, year = 2000, school = {University of Calgary, Department of Civil Engineering}, address = {Calgary, AB, Canada}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, land use transport link }, url = {http://www.ucalgary.ca/~jabraham/Papers/jeadissertation.pdf/JEADissertation.pdf} } @inproceedings{AbrHun01, author = {John Edward Abraham and John Douglas Hunt}, title = {Dynamic microsimulation of heterogeneous spatial markets}, year = 2001, month = Jun, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Economics with Heterogeneous Interacting Agents}, address = {Maastricht, The Netherlands}, keywords = {transport modelling, spatial modelling, ilute} } @inproceedings{AbrHun02, author = {John Edward Abraham and John Douglas Hunt}, title = {Spatial market representations: concepts and application to integrated planning models}, year = 2002, month = Nov, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 49th Annual North American Meetings of the Regional Science Association International}, address = {San Juan, Puerto Rico}, keywords = {transport modelling, spatial modelling, ilute} } @inproceedings{AbrHun03b, author = {John Edward Abraham and John Douglas Hunt}, title = {Market-based linkages in integrated land use transport models}, year = 2003, month = Mar, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th Computers in Planning and Urban Management Conference}, address = {Sendai, Japan}, url = {http://www.ucalgary.ca/~jabraham/Papers/markets/8100.pdf}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute}, abstract = { An economic market approach to urban system modelling is described, where all interactions are characterized as exchanges in a market. This leads to a natural partition of an integrated urban model into submodels based on the category of good or service being supplied or demanded, the type of agent making the demand or supply, and the time and place of interaction. Actors communicate through 6 defined operations on markets, decoupling the algorithms representing different behaviour. Agent based approaches to simulation are a natural extension of the market approach, allowing a transaction based simulation of heterogeneous spatial markets with individual agents making specific offers in specific places at specific times, and other agents accepting those offers at future specific times. Incorporating many existing modelling methods into such a framework requires a set of average prices by segmenting markets by commodity category, space and time, and wrapping the modules in interfaces that recast the inputs and ouputs into market operations. The paradigm is applied to two existing modelling frameworks: the Sacramento MEPLAN model and the Oregon statewide TLUMIP model. } } @inproceedings{AbrMcMBroHun02, author = {John Edward Abraham and Susan Mc{M}illan and Alan T.~Brownlee and John Douglas Hunt}, title = {Investigation of Cycling Sensitivities}, year = 2002, month = Jan, booktitle = {Transportation Research Board Annual Conference}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, url = {http://www.ucalgary.ca/~jabraham/Papers/calgarybike/CalgaryBike.pdf} } @article{AbrWeiGliWilHun05, author = {John Edward Abraham and T.~Weidner and J.~Gliebe and C.~Willison and John Douglas Hunt}, title = {Three Methods for Synthesizing Base-Year Built Form for Use in Integrated Land Use-Transport Models}, year = 2005, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1902, pages = {114--123}, keywords = {transport modelling, urban planning} } @techreport{ACRBAH91, author = {{Advisory Commission on Regulatory Barriers to Affordable Housing}}, title = {``Not {I}n {M}y {B}ack {Y}ard'': Removing Barriers to Affordable Housing}, year = 1991, month = Jul, institution = {U.S.~Department of Housing and Urban Development}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {equity, urban planning} } @article{Ale65, author = {Christopher Alexander}, title = {A city is not a tree}, journal = {Architectural Forum}, volume = 122, year = 1965, month = {April, May}, pages = {58--62, 58--61}, keywords = {architecture, urban design, urban form, streets, street design }, annote = { Apparently, a critique of hierarchical, tree-like city design (particularly conventional suburban street layouts) } } @book{Ale79, author = {Christopher Alexander}, title = {The timeless way of building}, year = 1979, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {architecture, urban design } } @book{Ale02, author = {Christopher Alexander}, title = {The nature of order}, year = 2002, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {architecture, urban design } } @book{AleIshSilJacFicAng77, author = {Christopher Alexander and S.~Ishikawa and M.~Silverstein and M.~Jacobson and I.~Fiksdahl-King}, title = {A pattern language}, year = 1977, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {architecture, urban design }, priority = 4 } @book{AleNeiAnnKin87, author = {Christopher Alexander and H.~Neis and A.~Anninou and I.~King}, title = {A new theory of urban design}, year = 1987, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {architecture, urban design } } @techreport{Ale87, author = {L.A.~Alexander}, title = {Better Downtown Parking: Increasing the Supply and Managing it Better}, year = 1987, institution = {Downtown Research \& Development Center}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, abstract = { This publication presents guidelines for improving downtown parking. It explains how to ``think right'' about downtown parking; how to ``plan a total parking system'' that meets all needs; how to get the ``right amount of parking'' and how to define your downtown ``parking goals'' and shape ``parking plans'' to reach them. In addition, this report aims to alert downtowners to essential ``new ideas and concepts'' such as efficient shared-parking, standards for calculating demand, organizing free parking districts, etc. Another basic idea covered relates to ``making all parking more productive'' by parking system management. Other topics covered include relationship to transit, handling heavy employee parking loads, metering or not metering, and the ``ideal'' parking system. }, keywords = {parking, transportation demand management} } @article{AllRouHumMil98, author = {D.~Patrick Allen and Nagui Rouphail and Joseph E.~Hummer and Joseph S.~{Milazzo II}}, title = {Operational Analysis of Uninterrupted Bicycle Facilities}, year = 1998, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1636, pages = {30--36}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1636-005.pdf} } @article{AllDanDha04, author = {Cheryl Allen-Munley and Janice Daniel and Sunil Dhar}, title = {Urban Bicycle Route Safety Rating Logistic Model}, year = 2004, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1878, keywords = {bicycle planning}, url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb/trb2004/TRB2004-000375.pdf}, abstract = { In response to the renewed appreciation of the benefits of bicycling to the environment and public health, public officials across the nation are working to establish new bicycle routes (1). During the past two decades, a number of methods have been endorsed for the selection of ``suitable'' bicycle routes. These methods are limited in that they do not explicitly address bicycle safety nor do they reflect urban conditions. The purpose of this research was to develop an objective bicycle route safety rating model based on injury severity. The model development was conducted using a logistic transformation of Jersey City's bicycle crash data for the period 1997-2000. The resulting model meets a 90\% confidence level by using various operational and physical factors (traffic volume, lane width, population density, highway classification, the presence of vertical grades, one-way streets and truck routes) to predict the severity of an injury that would result from a motor vehicle crash that occurred at a specific location. The modeled rating of the bicycle route's safety is defined as the expected value of the predicted injury severity. This rating is founded on the premise that safe routes produce less severe accidents than unsafe routes. The contribution of this research goes beyond the model's predictive capacity in comparing the safety of alternative routes. The model provides planners with an understanding, derived from objective data, of the factors that add to the route's safety, the factors that reduce safety and the factors that are irrelevant. The model confirms widely held beliefs, as evidenced by the findings that highways with steep grades, truck routes and poor pavement quality, create an unfavorable environment for bicyclists. On the other hand, the model found that increased volume and reduced lane width, at least in urban areas, actually reduce the likelihood of severe injury. Planners are encouraged to follow the lead of experienced bicyclists in choosing routes that travel through the urban centers as opposed to diverting bicyclists to circuitous routes on wide, low volume roads at the periphery of cities. } } @techreport{AlrEtc00, author = {D.~Alrutz et al.}, title = {Begleitforschung {F}ahrradfrendliche {S}t{\"a}dte und {G}emeinden {NRW}: {M}a{\ss}nahmen- und {W}irksamkeitsuntersuchung}, year = 2000, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf, Germany}, institution = {Ministerium f{\"u}r {W}irtschaft und {M}ittelstand, {E}nergie und {V}erkehr {NRW}}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @book{Alt80, author = {Alan Altshuler}, title = {The Urban Transportation System}, year = 1980, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge, MA, USA}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning} } @techreport{APTA97, author = {{American Public Transit Association}}, title = {The Transit Fact book, 1996--97}, year = 1997, institution = {American Public Transit Association}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {transit, transport planning} } @book{Ana92, author = {Alex Anas}, title = {{NYSIM} (The {N}ew {Y}ork Simulation Model): A Model of Cost-Benefit Analysis of Transportation Projects}, year = 1992, publisher = {Regional Planning Association}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {transport modelling} } @techreport{Ana94, author = {Alex Anas}, title = {{METROSIM}: A Unified Economic Model of Transportation and Land-Use}, year = 1994, institution = {Alex Anas \& Associates}, address = {Williamsville, NY, USA}, keywords = {transport modelling} } @article{Ana95, author = {Alex Anas}, title = {Capitalization of Urban Travel Improvements into Residential and Commercial Real Estate: Simulations with a Unified Model of Housing, Travel Mode and Shopping Choices}, year = 1995, journal = {Journal of Regional Science}, volume = 35, number = 3, pages = {351--375}, keywords = {transport modelling} } @techreport{Ana98, author = {Alex Anas}, title = {{NYMTC} Transportation Models and Data Initiative, The {NYMTC} {L}and {U}se {M}odel}, year = 1998, institution = {Alex Anas \& Associates}, address = {Williamsville, NY, USA}, keywords = {transport modelling} } @article{AnaArnSma98, author = {Alex Anas and R.~Arnott and Kenneth A.~Small}, title = {Urban spatial structure}, year = 1998, journal = {Journal of Economic Literature}, volume = 36, pages = {1426--1464}, keywords = {urban form} } @article{AnddeP04, author = {Simon P.~Anderson and Andr{\'e} {de Palma}}, title = {The economics of pricing parking}, year = 2004, journal = {Journal of Urban Economics}, volume = 55, number = 1, pages = {1--20}, keywords = {parking, urban economics} } % TODO: pull out a few refs @article{AndKanMilBul96, author = {William P.~Anderson and Pavlos S.~Kanaroglou and Eric J.~Miller and Ron N.~Buliung}, title = {Simulating Automobile Emissions in an Integrated Urban Model}, year = 1996, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1520, pages = {71--80}, keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling, ilute, greenhouse gases}, abstract = { The network component of an integrated urban model called IMULATE is interfaced with the MOBILE5.C emissions models. IMULATE produces estimates of traffic flows and average speeds on each link in an urban road network using a user equilibrium assignment algorithm. This information is combined with speed-dependent emissions factors generated by MOBILE5.C to calculate estimates of the three types of emissions on a link-by-link basis. The combined models are implemented for the Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, metropolitan area. Simulations are conducted to illustrate the spatial patterns of emissions in the morning peak period and to demonstrate the impact of congestion on emissions estimates. The incorporation of detailed network performance information yields significant benefits in the estimation of regional automobile emissions. } } @techreport{Ant93, author = {S.~Antcliff}, title = {An Introduction to {DYNAMOD}---A Dynamic Population Microsimulation Model}, year = 1993, institution = {National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling}, address = {Canberra, Australia}, keywords = {urban economics} } @article{Ant94, author = {C.L.~Antonakos}, title = {Environmental and travel preferences of cyclists}, year = 1994, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1438, pages = {25--33}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @book{App81, author = {Donald Appleyard}, title = {Livable Streets}, year = 1981, publisher = {University of California Press}, address = {Berkeley, CA, USA}, keywords = {urban design, streets, street design, traffic calming} } @techreport{AppJac82, author = {Donald Appleyard and Allan B.~Jacobs}, title = {Toward an Urban Design Manifesto}, year = 1982, institution = {Institute of Urban \& Regional Design, University of California}, address = {Berkeley, CA, USA}, keywords = {urban design} } @book{AppLynMye64, author = {Donald Appleyard and Kevin Lynch and John Myer}, title = {The View from the Road}, year = 1964, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge, MA, USA}, keywords = {streets, urban planning, street design} } @article{AppLin72, author = {Donald Appleyard and M.~Lintell}, title = {The environmental quality of city streets: the residents' viewpoint}, year = 1972, journal = {Journal of the American Institute of Planners}, volume = 38, number = 2, pages = {84--101}, keywords = {streets, urban design, street design} } @article{AreTim05, author = {Theo A.~Arentze and Harry J.P.~Timmermans}, title = {An analysis of context and constraints-dependent shopping behaviour using qualitative decision principles}, year = 2005, month = Mar, journal = {Urban Studies}, volume = 42, number = 3, doi = {10.1080/00420980500035105}, keywords = {shopping, activity-based modelling} } @book{ArnRavSch05, author = {Richard Arnott and Tilmann Rave and Ronnie Schob}, title = {Alleviating Urban Traffic Congestion}, year = 2005, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge, MA, USA}, keywords = {congestion pricing, transport planning, urban economics, bicycle planning, parking}, annote = { Apparently contains a fairly positive view of cycling, from a group of economists. } } % Some interesting modelling, looking at relative effects of history vs. % economics. Too much industrial focus, though. @incollection{Art88, author = {W.~Brian Arthur}, title = {Urban Systems and Historical Path Dependence}, year = 1988, pages = {85--97}, editor = {Jesse H.~Ausubel and Robert Herman}, booktitle = {Cities and Their Vital Systems}, publisher = {The National Academies Press}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, url = {http://www.nap.edu/catalog/1093.html}, isbn = {0309037867}, keywords = {location choice, urban economics } } @article{Aug1948, author = {Tracy B.~Augur}, title = {The Dispersal of Cities as a Defensive Measure}, year = 1948, month = {Summer}, journal = {Journal of the American Institute of Planners}, pages = {29--35}, keywords = {urban form, urban planning, history} } @phdthesis{Aul96, author = {Lisa Aultman-Hall}, title = {Commuter Bicycle Route Choice: Analysis of Major Determinants and Safety Implications}, year = 1996, school = {McMaster University}, address = {Hamilton, ON, Canada}, keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle safety, route choice} } @article{AulAda98, author = {Lisa Aultman-Hall and Michael F.~{Adams~Jr.}}, title = {Sidewalk Bicycling Safety Issues}, year = 1998, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1636, pages = {71--76}, keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle accidents, canada}, url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1636-011.pdf} } @article{AulHal98, author = {Lisa Aultman-Hall and Fred Hall}, title = {Research Design Insights from a Survey of Urban Bicycle Commuters}, year = 1998, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1636, pages = {21--28}, keywords = {bicycle planning, canada}, url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1636-004.pdf} } @article{AulHal98b, author = {Lisa Aultman-Hall and Fred Hall}, title = {{O}ttawa-{C}arleton Commuter Cyclist on and off road incident rates}, year = 1998, journal = {Accident Analysis and Prevention}, volume = 30, pages = {29--43}, keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle accidents, canada} } @article{AulHalBae97, author = {Lisa Aultman-Hall and Fred Hall and Brian B.~Baetz}, title = {Analysis of Bicycle Commuter Routes Using {G}eographic {I}nformation {S}ystems: Implications for Bicycle Planning}, year = 1997, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1578, pages = {102--110}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1578-13.pdf} } @article{AulRooBae97, author = {Lisa Aultman-Hall and Matthew Roorda and B.W.~Baetz}, title = {Using {GIS} for evaluation of neighbourhood pedestrian accessibility}, year = 1997, journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research}, volume = 19, pages = {53--66}, keywords = {pedestrian planning, accessibility} } @incollection{Axh98, author = {Kay W.~Axhausen}, title = {Can we ever obtain the data we would like to have?}, booktitle = {Theoretical Foundations of Travel Choice Modelling}, editor = {K.~Westin}, year = 1998, publisher = {Elsevier Science Ltd.}, address = {Oxford, UK}, pages = {305--323}, keywords = {transport modelling, spatial modelling} } @article{Axh00, author = {Kay W.~Axhausen}, title = {Geographies of Somewhere: A Review of Urban Literature}, journal = {Urban Studies}, volume = 37, number = 16, pages = {1849--1864}, year = 2000, abstract = { The past 10 years have seen the publication of a whole range of books from the US dealing with the loss of place in one way or the other. The books under review were, in general, written for broad audiences and are, in many cases, campaign documents. Their success and substantial number indicate an unease, which many academic texts cannot formulate. They are in this way evidence, in just the same way as were The Death and Life of Great American Cities or Edge City. This European-based review will critically review these recent books in an attempt to highlight their common threads. While the books show particular concern for the poverty of current urban and suburban environments, they lack any substantial discussion of the economic mechanisms which are reproducing the undesired results. They are also unaware of the recent developments in communications and transport technologies, which have considerable potential to influence future trends, which will be discussed in the review. Also included in the review are a number of transport-oriented books, as they formulate a different aspect of the same concern about the built environment. }, keywords = { urban planning, transport planning, general interest } } @article{AxhPol91, author = {Kay W.~Axhausen and J.W.~Polak}, title = {Choice of parking: stated preference approach}, year = 19991, journal = {Transportation}, volume = 18, number = 1, pages = {59--81}, keywords = {parking} } @phdthesis{Bad94, author = {Daniel A.~Badoe}, title = {An Investigation into the Long Range Transferability of Work-Trip Discrete Mode Choice Models}, year = 1994, school = {University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering}, address = {Toronto, ON, Canada}, keywords = {transport modelling, canada} } @article{BadMil95, author = {Daniel A.~Badoe and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Analysis of Temporal Transferability of Disaggregate Work Trip Mode Choice Models}, year = 1995, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1493, pages = {1--11}, keywords = {transport modelling, canada}, abstract = { An empirical study is presented of the long-range temporal transferability properties within a fixed geographic area of disaggregate logit models of work trip mode choice. The study area is the greater Toronto area, Ontario, Canada. The two temporal contexts are 1964 and 1986, with models estimated from 1964 data being used to predict 1986 travel choices. In addition to the very long transfer period (which does not appear to have been previously examined), a major feature of this study is that a wide variety of model specifications, ranging from the simplest possible market share model to a complex market segmentation model, are tested to investigate the relationship between model specification and transferability. Major findings of the study include (a) as in most transferability studies, model parameters are not temporally stable; (b) pragmatically the transferred models provide considerable useful information about application context travel behavior; (c) in general, improved model specification improves the extent of the model's transferability; (d) an important exception to Point c is the complex market segment model, which appears to be ``overspecified'' and, in the face of changing contextual factors during the 22-year period predicts 1986 conditions quite poorly; (e) Point c notwithstanding, simple level-of-service models perform very well in terms of their spatially aggregate predictions (which are often of primary practical importance to planners); (f) the models that best fit the estimation context (1964) data do not always transfer the best to 1986 conditions; and (g) ``transfer scaling'', in which modal utility constants and scales are updated, can significantly improve model transferability. } } @article{BadMil95b, author = {Daniel A.~Badoe and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Comparison of Alternative Methods for Updating Disaggregate Logit Mode Choice Models}, year = 1995, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1493, pages = {90--100}, keywords = {transport modelling}, abstract = { An empirical assessment of alternative methods of updating disaggregate travel choice models so that their transferability from the estimation context within which they were originally developed to an application context (which differs from the original estimation context geographically or temporally, or both) is presented. The case study for the empirical tests performed is a long-term temporal transfer of work trip logit mode choice models estimated using 1964 data for the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) to represent 1986 work trip mode choice in the GTA. Three updating procedures that have been previously presented in the literature are examined (Bayesian updating, transfer scaling, and combined transfer estimation), plus a fourth new procedure, joint context estimation. All four procedures assume that a ``small'' data set of observed travel choices is available for the application context, which can be used in the updating procedure. The case study results indicate that the latter three procedures all possess merit as potential updating methods, with the choice among the three depending on such items as model specification and application context sample size. The results also indicate that if the application context sample size exceeds 400 to 500 observations, then updating may provide little or no improvement over simple estimation of an application context model, especially if ``full'' model specification is supported by the available data. } } @article{BadMil98, author = {Daniel A.~Badoe and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {An automatic segmentation procedure for studying variations in mode choice behavior}, year = 1998, journal = {Journal of Advanced Transportation}, volume = 32, number = 2, pages = {190--215}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute}, abstract = { Urban areas are very complex and heterogeneous in terms of their population composition and activity systems. The transit system, modal choices and service levels available to the population also varies considerably across space and time. These similarities and differences in choices and levels of explanatory variables facing individual tripmakers have to be explicitly considered in any study of transit behavior. The common practice has been to include user attributes, in addition to the system characteristics, in the modal utility functions to help capture differences in choice behavior across individuals. However, it could well be that the mode-choice behavior of a segment of the population is fundamentally different from other segments of the population. In view of this, some studies have applied segmentation schemes to help identify the subgroups of presumably different travel responses. Typically, such schemes have been based on stratification of the population by a single variable, chosen either based on a priori notions or one-way cross tabulations. This paper develops analytical procedure that simultaneously deals with level of service, socioeconomic and spatial factors to determine the relative role each plays in determining travel behavior. The procedure is applied to data from the Toronto region to illustrate its use. } } @article{BadMil98b, author = {Daniel A.~Badoe and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Modeling mode choice with data from two independent cross-sectional surveys: an investigation}, year = 1998, journal = {Transportation Planning and Technology}, volume = 21, pages = {235--261}, keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling, ilute}, abstract = { The prevailing practice in travel demand modelling is to estimate disaggregate models of mode choice with data from the most recent cross-sectional travel survey available on an urban area for forecasting purposes. Very often, however, most urban areas have available data from older cross-sectional surveys, which are often entirely ignored in the modelling effort. This paper explores the possibility of pooling data from two independent cross-sectional travel surveys on the same urban area for model estimation and forecasting by applying a model structure which allows for transfer-bias, referred to as the joint context estimation procedure. This procedure consists of joint, full information maximum likelihood estimation of a related set of logit choice models for the contexts which are based on the following two assumptions: (1) differences in model parameter values between contexts are expressible in terms of differences in the contexts' alternative-specific constants and overall scale of the contexts' utility functions; and (2) aside from these differences in alternative-specific constants and scales, model parameters are common across contexts. An empirical case study is presented, involving the use of two datasets, gathered 22 years apart (1964 and 1986) for the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), to estimate morning peak period work trip mode choice models. The estimated models are applied in prediction tests on the 1964, 1986 and a third independent data set, the 1991-data, also collected in the GTA. The performance of the joint context models is compared to that of an independent model, estimated on the 1986 data only. The results clearly demonstrate that joint context estimation dominates the independent 1986-model in predictive performance. The paper concludes by briefly discussing the possible roles, which joint context estimation might play in the development of improved transferability of disaggregate choice models. } } @article{BadMil00, author = {Daniel A.~Badoe and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Transportation land-use interaction: empirical findings in {N}orth {A}merica, and their implications for modeling}, year = 2000, journal = {Transportation Research D}, volume = 5, number = 4, pages = {235--263}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, land use transport link} } @inproceedings{BaeDemAlv95, author = {C.~Baeijs and Y.~Demazeau and L.~Alvares}, title = {Application des syst{\`e}mes multi-agents {\`a} la g{\'e}n{\'e}ralisation cartographique}, year = 1995, booktitle = {Actes des 3{\`e}mes journ{\'e}es francophones sur l'Intelligence Artificielle Distribu{\'e}e et les Syst{\`e}mes Multi-Agents}, address = {Camb{\'e}ry, France}, keywords = {computer science} } @article{Bae78, author = {T.J.~Baerwald}, title = {The emergence of a new ``downtown.''}, year = 1978, journal = {Geographical Review}, volume = 68, pages = {308--318}, keywords = { urban form, land use transport link } } @article{Bai02, author = {R.~Bain}, title = {Improving the quality of city centre parking: will the consumer pay?}, year = 2002, journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control}, volume = 43, number = 5, pages = {175--179}, keywords = {parking} } @article{Baj83, author = {Vladimir Bajic}, title = {The effects of a subway line on housing prices in {M}etropolitan {T}oronto}, year = 1983, journal = {Urban Studies}, volume = 20, number = 2, pages = {147--158}, keywords = { transport planning, canada, land use transport link }, annote = { Sounds interesting---looks at the impacts on real estate around the Spadina line. } } @article{Bal96, author = {Michael R.~Baltes}, title = {Factors Influencing Nondiscretionary Work Trips by Bicycle Determined from 1990 {U.S.}~Census Metropolitan Statistical Area Data}, year = 1996, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1538, pages = {96--101}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1538-013.pdf} } @article{Ban96, author = {Reza Banai}, title = {`Neotraditional' settlements and dimensions of performance}, year = 1996, journal = {Environment and Planning B}, volume = 23, pages = {177--190}, keywords = {urban planning} } @article{Ban89, author = {David Banister}, title = {Congestion: market pricing for parking}, year = 1989, journal = {Built Environment}, volume = 15, number = {3/4}, pages = {251--256}, keywords = {parking, congestion pricing} } @article{Ban94b, author = {David Banister}, title = {Reducing the need to travel through planning}, year = 1994, journal = {Town Planning Review}, volume = 65, pages = {349--354}, keywords = {transport planning, transportation demand management} } @book{BanBer01, author = {David Banister and Joseph Berechman}, title = {Transport Investment and Economic Development}, year = 2001, publisher = {E\&FN Spon}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {urban economics, finance} } @book{BanMar99, author = {David Banister and Stephen Marshall}, title = {Encouraging Travel Alternatives: Good Practice in Reducing Travel}, year = 1999, publisher = {The Stationery Office Books}, keywords = {transport planning} } @book{BanSteSteAkeDreNijSch00, author = {David Banister and Dominic Stead and Peter Steen and Jonas {\AA}kerman and Karl Dreborg and Peter Nijkamp and Ruggero Schleicher-Tappeser}, title = {European Transport Policy and Sustainable Mobility}, publisher = {E\&FN Spon}, address = {London, UK}, year = 2000, keywords = {transport planning} } @article{BanWatWoo97, author = {David Banister and S.~Watson and C.~Wood}, title = {Sustainable cities: transport, energy and urban form}, year = 1997, journal = {Environment and Planning B}, volume = 24, number = 2, pages = {125--143}, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning} } @article{BarKri05, author = {Gary Barnes and Kevin J.~Krizek}, title = {Estimating Bicycle Demand}, year = 2005, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1939, doi = {10.3141/1939-06}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } % Includes a chapter on commercial corridors @book{Bar03, author = {Jonathan Barnett}, title = {Redesigning Cities: Principles, Practice, Implementation}, year = 2003, publisher = {APA Planners Press}, address = {Chicago, IL, USA}, keywords = {urban planning} } @article{Bar00, author = {L.~Barr}, title = {Testing for the significance of induced highway travel demand in metropolitan areas}, year = 2000, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1706, pages = {1--8}, keywords = {induced travel, land use transport link} } @techreport{BSPUCLLD98, author = {{Bartlett School of Planning} and {University College London} and {Llewelyn-Davies Consultants}}, title = {The Use of Density in Urban Planning}, year = 1998, month = Jun, type = {Research Report}, number = {RES71}, isbn = {1-85112-071-8}, institution = {Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {urban planning, urban form} } @techreport{BasReiLesThoTol02, author = {L.~Basford and Stuart J.~Reid and T.~Lester and J.~Thomson and A.~Tolmie}, title = {Driver's perceptions of cyclists}, year = 2002, number = 549, address = {London, UK}, institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, url = {http://217.118.128.203/store/downloadreport.asp?id=2700}, abstract = { This report describes research that examined the attitude and behaviour of drivers towards cycle users. A range of qualitative and quantitative research techniques was used, including the use of virtual reality equipment to simulate encounters between drivers and cyclists. Variations in driver attitude and behaviour based on a number of factors, including physical infrastructure and cyclists behaviour were examined. The research also examined the effectiveness of two different approaches to improving drivers' consideration of the needs of cyclists. The report makes recommendations to improve driver training, for the layout of roads and for future campaigns to raise awareness of cyclists among drivers. } } @article{BatSkiSchBra97, author = {J.~Bates and A.~Skinner and G.~Scholefield and R.~Bradley}, title = {Study of parking and traffic demand: {II}. A demand {T}raffic {R}estraint {A}nalysis {M}odel ({TRAM})}, year = 1997, month = Mar, journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control}, volume = 38, number = 3, pages = {135--141}, keywords = {parking} } @incollection{BatBoy86, author = {D.F.~Batten and D.E.~Boyce}, title = {Spatial interaction, transportation, and interregional commodity flow models}, editor = {P.~Nijkamp}, booktitle = {Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics}, volume = {1: Regional Economics}, year = 1986, publisher = {North Holland}, address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands}, pages = {357--406}, keywords = {transport modelling, spatial modelling} } @book{BauOat88, author = {W.J.~Baumol and W.E.~Oates}, title = {The Theory of Environmental Policy}, edition = {2nd}, year = 1988, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, keywords = {transport planning} } @techreport{BAEF90, author = {Bay Area Economic Forum}, title = {Market-Based Solutions to the Transportation Crisis: Executive Summary}, year = 1990, address = {San Francisco, CA, USA}, institution = {Bay Area Economic Forum}, keywords = {transportation demand management, parking} } @techreport{BCT89, author = {{BC~Transit}}, title = {Sky{T}rain: A Catalyst for Development}, year = 1989, month = Apr, address = {Vancouver, BC, USA}, institution = {BC~Transit}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, canada} } @article{BecImm94, author = {M.~Beck and L.~Immers}, title = {Bicycle Ownership and Use in {A}msterdam}, year = 1994, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1441, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @article{Bec69, author = {M.J.~Beckmann}, title = {On the distribution of urban rent and residential density}, year = 1969, journal = {Journal of Economic Theory}, volume = 1, pages = {60--67}, keywords = {urban economics} } @book{BecMcGWin56, author = {M.J.~Beckmann and C.B.~Mc{G}uire and C.B.~Winston}, title = {Studies in the Economics of Transportation}, year = 1956, publisher = {Yale University Press}, address = {New Haven, CI, USA}, keywords = {transport modelling} } @article{BecBagMcK96, author = {Richard J.~Beckmann and Keith A.~Baggerly and Michael D.~Mc{K}ay}, title = {Creating Synthetic Baseline Populations}, year = 1996, journal = {Transportation Research A}, volume = 30, number = 6, pages = {415--435}, status = {read}, keywords = {transport modelling, population synthesis} } @book{Bel91, author = {R.~Bellah}, title = {The good society}, year = 199, publisher = {Knopf}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {sociology} } @book{BelEtc85, author = {R.~{Bellah et al.}}, title = {Habits of the heart: individualism and commitment in {A}merican life}, year = 1985, publisher = {University of California Press}, address = {Berkeley, CA, USA}, keywords = {sociology} } @article{Ben74, author = {Moshe E.~Ben-Akiva}, title = {Structure of Passenger Travel Demand Models}, year = 1974, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 526, annote = { Common reference of Miller's, used to justify prominence of auto ownership in models. }, keywords = {transport modelling} } @book{BenLer85, author = {Moshe E.~Ben-Akiva and Steven R.~Lerman}, title = {Discrete Choice Analysis: Theory and Application to Travel Demand}, year = 1985, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge, MA, USA}, keywords = {discrete choice modelling, transport modelling} } @article{Ben95, author = {Eran Ben-Joseph}, title = {Changing the Residential Street Scene: Adapting the Shared Street (Woonerf) Concept to the Suburban Environment}, year = 1995, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 61, number = 4, pages = {504--515}, keywords = {urban planning, streets, street design, pedestrian planning} } @article{Ber98, author = {Lance Berelowitz}, title = {Reinventing {V}ancouver's Waterfront, Projects for a New Urban Mythology}, year = 1998, journal = {Bauwelt}, volume = 89, number = 12, pages = {600--605}, note = {in German; author's original in English}, keywords = {sociology, canada} } @article{Ber96, author = {M.A.~Berman}, title = {The transportation effects of neo-traditional development}, year = 1996, journal = {Journal of Planning Literature}, volume = 10, number = 4, pages = {347--363}, keywords = {land use transport link, urban planning} } @inproceedings{Ber99, author = {Inger Marie Bernhoft}, title = {In depth interviews with road users in cyclist accidents}, year = 1999, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Bicycle Planning Conference}, pages = {63--67}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, address = {Graz, Austria and Maribor, Slovenia} } @techreport{BeiPue03, author = {Edward Beimborn and Robert Puentes}, title = {Highways and Transit: Leveling the Playing Field in Federal Transportation Policy}, year = 2003, month = Dec, institution = { The Brookings Institution }, series = {Series on Transportation Reform}, keywords = {finance, transit} } @article{BerPaa05, author = {Joseph Berechman and R.E.~Paaswell}, title = {Evaluation, Prioritization and Selection of Transportation Investment Projects in {N}ew {Y}ork {C}ity}, year = 2005, journal = {Transportation}, volume = 32, number = 3, pages = {223--249}, abstract = { This article reports on a methodological framework undertaken by the authors to help the stakeholders in The Partnership of the City of NY to understand a group of significant transportation capital investment projects and to provide a means to discriminate among them. The authors' major objects was to inform these stakeholders how to make rational and systematic choices based on economic and transportation grounds, in an environment where appropriate data is lacking, no comprehensive regional transportation plan or objectives are defined, and the decision-making environment is highly fragmented. After the authors define the problem, they discuss details of the analysis, including the methodology used, the data sources, and the cost-benefit models. The authors then introduce the Goals Achievement Matrix for the selection and prioritization of projects. The final selections discuss key results and consider specific and general policy implications. Out of the sizeable number of large-scale transportation investment projects that have been proposed for New York City, eight were selected for close scrutiny and assessment. The authors briefly discuss the top three: the Fulton Transit Center and permanent PATH station, the Penn Station/Farley Post Office, and the Number 7 Subway Extension. These projects scored highest on both transportation benefits and economic development benefits scales. }, annote = { I attended a talk given the author, which seems to have focused on the content of this paper. }, keywords = {prioritisation, finance, transit} } @article{BerWil90, author = {J.~Bergdall and R.~Williams}, title = {Perception of Density}, year = 1990, journal = {Berkeley Planning Journal}, volume = 5, pages = {15--38}, keywords = {urban planning, urban form, urban design} } @article{BerCon00, author = {P.R.~Berke and M.M.~Conroy}, title = {Are we planning for sustainable development? {A}n evaluation of 30 comprehensive plans}, year = 2000, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Assocation}, volume = 66, pages = {21--33}, keywords = {smart growth, urban planning} } @article{BerGalMilWol87, author = {M.K.~Berkowitz and N.T.~Gallini and Eric J.~Miller and R.A.~Wolfe}, title = {Forecasting Vehicle Holdings and Usage with a Disaggregate Choice Model}, year = 1987, journal = {Journal of Forecasting}, volume = 6, number = 4, pages = {249--269}, keywords = {vehicle ownership, discrete choice modelling} } @article{BerGalMilWol90, author = {M.K.~Berkowitz and N.T.~Gallini and Eric J.~Miller and R.A.~Wolfe}, title = {Disaggregate Analysis of the Demand for Gasoline}, year = 1990, month = May, journal = {Canadian Journal of Economics}, volume = 23, number = 2, pages = {253--275}, keywords = {energy} } @book{BerCer97, author = {M.~Bernick and Robert Cervero}, title = {Transit villages in the 21st century}, year = 1997, publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {transit, urban planning, transport planning} } @article{BerleCKap05, author = {Luca Bertolini and Frank {le Clercq} and L.~Kapoen}, title = {Sustainable accessibility: a conceptual framework to integrate transport and land use plan-making. Two test-applications in the {N}etherlands and a reflection on the way forward}, journal = {Transport Policy}, year = 2005, volume = 12, number = 3, pages = {207--220}, keywords = {accessibility, land use transport link} } @article{BerSal03, author = {Luca Bertolini and Willem Salet}, title = {Planning Concepts for Cities in Transition: Regionalization of Urbanity in the {A}msterdam Structure Plan}, journal = {Journal of Planning Theory and Practice}, year = 2003, month = Jun, volume = 4, number = 2, pages = {131--146}, abstract = { 'Opting for urbanity' is the main thread running through the Amsterdam structure plan currently under preparation. But what is 'urbanity'? How is it emerging in a multi-centred region? What spatial planning implications does it entail? These questions were at the outset of a research study commissioned by the municipality of Amsterdam to the Amsterdam study centre for the Metropolitan Environment (AME) and summarized in this article. There are two main conclusions. The first is that traditional inside out development strategies--accommodating the expansion of a single core and its periphery--must be substituted by outside in development strategies, seeking to achieve a new synergy among different sub-centres and places at the urban-regional level. The second is that new sub-centres will have to be developed as real centres of urbanity instead of as mono-functional islands, as currently still the case. In order to implement these strategies the municipality needs to enter coalitions with a variety of public and private actors, spanning different spatial scales and policy sectors. }, keywords = {urban planning} } @incollection{BetGreKas80, author = {D.~Betson and D.~Greenberg and R.~Kasten}, title = {A microsimulation model for analyzing alternative welfare reform proposals: an application to the Program for Better Jobs and Income}, year = 1980, editor = {R.H.~Havemann and K.~Hollenbeck}, booktitle = {Microeconomic Simulation Models for Public Policy Analysis}, volume = 1, publisher = {Academic Press}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {urban economics} } @article{Bha98, author = {Chandra R.~Bhat}, title = {Analysis of travel mode and departure time choice for urban shopping trips}, year = 1998, month = Aug, journal = {Transportation Research B}, volume = 32, number = 6, pages = {361--371}, keywords = {mode choice, shopping} } @article{BhaHig92, author = {Kiran U.~Bhatta and Thomas J.~Higgins}, title = {Road and Parking Pricing: Issues and Research Needs}, year = 1992, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1346, pages = {68--73}, keywords = {congestion pricing, parking} } @article{Bla99, author = {J.~Blake}, title = {Car parking bombshell}, year = 1999, month = Feb, journal = {Town and Country Planning}, volume = 68, number = 2, keywords = {parking}, annote = { Apparently about the DETR report on parking standards for the southeast. } } @book{Bla77, author = {P.~Blake}, title = {Form Follows Fiasco: Why Modern Architecture Hasn't Worked}, year = 1977, publisher = {Little, Brown}, address = {Boston, MA, USA}, keywords = {architecture} } @article{BloSut99, author = {S.~Blore and J.~Sutherland}, title = {Building {S}mileyville}, year = 1999, journal = {Vancouver Magazine}, volume = 32, number = 9, pages = {48--58, 105}, keywords = {sociology, canada} } @book{Blu67, author = {Hans Blumenfeld}, title = {The modern metropolis: its origins, growth, characteristics and planning}, year = 1967, publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology}, address = {Cambridge, MA, USA}, keywords = {history, urban planning} } @article{Blu83, author = {Hans Blumenfeld}, title = {Metropolis extended}, year = 1983, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 52, number = 3, pages = {346--348}, keywords = {urban planning} } @article{Boa98, author = {Marlon G.~Boarnet}, title = {Spillovers and locational effect of public infrastructure}, year = 1998, journal = {Journal of Regional Science}, volume = 38, number = 3, pages = {381--400}, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link} } @article{BoaCha01, author = {Marlon G.~Boarnet and S.~Chalermpong}, title = {New highways, house prices, and urban development: a case study of toll roads in {O}range {C}ounty, {CA}}, year = 2001, journal = {Housing Policy Debate}, volume = 12, number = 3, pages = {575--605}, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link} } % Read chapter 2 @book{BoaCra01, author = {Marlon G.~Boarnet and Randall Crane}, title = {Travel by design: the influence of urban form on travel}, year = 2001, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling, urban planning, land use transport link}, annote = { The chapter I've read (2) was a fairly technical look at modelling the impacts of land use changes on travel demand. } } @article{BoaCra01b, author = {Marlon G.~Boarnet and Randall Crane}, title = {The influence of land use on travel behavior: empirical strategies}, year = 2001, journal = {Transportation Research A}, volume = 35, pages = {823--845}, keywords = {land use transport link} } @article{BoaSar98, author = {Marlon G.~Boarnet and S.~Sarmiento}, title = {Can land-use policy really affect travel behavior: a study of the link between non-work travel and land-use characteristics}, year = 1998, journal = {Urban Studies}, volume = 35, pages = {1155--1169}, keywords = {land use transport link, urban form, transport planning, urban planning } } @article{BolIhl97, author = {C.~Bollinger and K.~Ihlandfeldt}, title = {The impact of rapid rail transit on economic development: the case of {A}tlanta's {MARTA}}, year = 1997, journal = {Journal of Urban Economics}, volume = 42, pages = {179--204}, keywords = {transit, transport planning} } @article{Bon96b, author = {Shaun Boney}, title = {Car parks: good, bad or just ugly?}, year = 1996, month = Dec, journal = {Town and Country Planning}, volume = 65, number = 6, keywords = {parking} } @techreport{BonSta93, author = {J.~Bonsall and R.~Stacey}, title = {A Rapid Transit Strategy into the Next Century}, year = 1993, institution = {OC Transpo}, address = {Ottawa, ON, Canada}, type = {Mimeo}, keywords = { canada, transit, transport planning } } @article{Bon96, author = {P.~Bonsall}, title = {Can induced traffic be measured by surveys?}, year = 1996, journal = {Transportation}, volume = 23, pages = {17--34}, keywords = {induced travel, land use transport link} } @inproceedings{Bon00, author = {Marco Bontje}, title = {The network city: a realistic planning concept? {R}ecent trends in daily mobility and their possible planning implications in the {N}etherlands}, year = 2000, booktitle = {IFHP 2000 Rotterdam: Urban Networks, Towards a New Planning Perspective}, pages = {168--172}, url = {http://members.chello.nl/smetaal/ufm.htm}, keywords = {urban form} } @article{BooWen88, author = {L.~Bookout and J.~Wentling}, title = {Density by Design}, journal = {Urban Land}, volume = 47, year = 1988, pages = {10--15}, keywords = {urban planning, urban form, urban design} } @article{Bot95, author = {H.~Botma}, title = {Method to determine level of service for bicycle paths and pedestrian-bicycle paths}, year = 1995, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1502, pages = {38--44}, keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning} } @article{Bou91, author = {Larry S.~Bourne}, title = {Recycling urban systems and metropolitan areas: a geographical agenda for the 1990s and beyond}, year = 1991, journal = {Economic Geography}, volume = 67, pages = {185--209}, keywords = {geography, urban planning} } @article{Bou92, author = {Larry S.~Bourne}, title = {Self-fulfilling prophecies? Decentralization, inner city decline, and the quality of urban life}, year = 1992, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 58, number = 4, pages = {509--513}, keywords = {urban planning, geography} } @incollection{Bou00, author = {M.E.~Bouwman}, title = {Changing mobility patterns in a compact city: Environmental impacts}, year = 2000, booktitle = {Compact Cities and Sustainable Urban Development: A critical assessment of policies and plans from an international perspective}, editor = {G.~{de Roo} and D.~Miller}, publisher = {Ashgate}, address = {Aldershot, UK}, keywords = {urban form, energy, transport planning, land use transport link}, annote = { Allegedly finds very little differences in energy use across a range of spatial settings in the Netherlands. } } @incollection{BovOrfZum93, author = {P.~Bovy and J.~Orfeuil and D.~Zumkeller}, title = {Europe: A Heterogenous Single Market}, year = 1993, booktitle = {A Billion Trips a Day}, editor = {I.~{Salomon et al.}}, publisher = {Kluwer}, address = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands}, keywords = {transport planning} } @article{BovBra85, author = {Piet H.L.~Bovy and Mark A.~Bradley}, title = {Route Choice Analyzed with Stated-Preference Approaches}, year = 1985, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1037, keywords = {route choice, transport modelling, bicycle planning} } @incollection{Boy76, author = {D.~Boyce}, title = {Impact of Rapid Transit on Residential Property Sales Prices}, year = 1976, booktitle = {Space Location and Regional Development}, editor = {M.~Chatterjee}, pages = {145--153}, publisher = {Pion}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning, transit, urban planning, urban form} } @article{Boy84, author = {D.E.~Boyce}, title = {Urban Transportation Network-Equilibrium and Design Models: recent achievements and future prospects}, year = 1984, journal = {Environment and Planning A}, volume = 16, pages = {1445--1474}, keywords = {transport modelling} } @techreport{BraLudThi91, author = {T.~Bracher and H.~Luda and H.-J.~Thiemann}, title = {Zusammenfassende {A}uswertung von {F}orschungsergebnissen zum {R}adverkehr in der {S}tadt}, year = 1991, address = {Band A7, Bergisch Gladbach/Berlin/Bonn, Germany}, institution = {Forschung Stadtverkehr, Bundesministerium f{\"u}r {V}erkehr (Federal Ministry of Traffic)}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @book{BraDowSma82, author = {Katherine L.~Bradbury and Anthony Downs and Kenneth A.~Small}, title = {Urban Decline and the Future of {A}merican Cities}, year = 1982, publisher = {The Brookings Institution}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {urban planning} } @book{BraKel96, author = {L.~Branscomb and J.~Keller}, title = {Converging Infrastructures: Intelligent Transportation and the National Information Infrastructure}, year = 1996, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge, MA, USA}, keywords = {transport planning} } @article{Bra99, author = {Stefan Bratzel}, title = {Conditions of success in sustainable urban transport policy: policy change in `relatively successful' {E}uropean cities}, year = 1999, journal = {Transport Reviews}, volume = 19, number = 2, pages = {177--190}, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning} } @article{Bre91, author = {Michael J.~Breheney}, title = {Contradictions of the Compact City}, year = 1991, journal = {Town and Country Planning}, volume = 60, pages = 21, keywords = {urban planning, urban form} } % Actually a collection @book{Bre92, author = {Michael J.~Breheney}, title = {Sustainable Development and Urban Form}, year = 1992, publisher = {Pion}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {urban form, transport planning, urban planning} } @incollection{Bre96, author = {Michael J.~Breheney}, title = {Counterurbanisation and sustainable urban forms}, booktitle = {Cities in Competition: The Emergence of Productive and Sustainable Cities for the 21st Century}, editor = {J.~Brotchie and M.~Batty and P.~Hall and P.~Newton}, publisher = {Longman Cheshire}, address = {Melbourne, Australia}, year = 1996, pages = {402--429}, keywords = {urban planning, urban form} } @incollection{Bre96b, author = {Michael J.~Breheney}, title = {Centrists, Decentrists and Compromisers: Views on the Future of Urban Form}, year = 1996, booktitle = {The Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Form?}, editor = {Mike Jenks and Elizabeth Burton and Katie Williams}, publisher = {E\&FN Spon}, address = {London, UK}, pages = {13--35}, keywords = {urban form, transport planning, urban planning} } @article{Bri92, author = {Ray E.~Brindle}, title = {{T}oronto---paradigm lost?}, year = 1992, journal = {Australian Planner}, volume = 30, number = 3, pages = {123--130}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, canada} } @article{Bri03b, author = {Ray E.~Brindle}, title = {Kicking the habit (part 2): what are the real options for reducing `car dependence'?}, year = 2003, month = Dec, journal = {Road and Transport Research}, volume = 12, number = 4, pages = {34--40}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning} } % address = {Washington, D.C.}, @inproceedings{Bro82, author = {Werner Br{\"o}g}, title = {The acceptance of policies to encourage cycling}, year = 1982, publisher = {Transportation Research Board}, booktitle = {Socialdata}, address = {Muenchen, Germany}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @inproceedings{BroErlFunJam99, author = {Werner Br{\"o}g and E.~Erl and S.~Funke and B.~James}, title = {Behaviour Change and Sustainability from Individualised Marketing}, year = 1999, month = Sep, booktitle = {Proceedings of 24th {ATRF} {C}onference}, address = {Perth, Australia}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @article{BroMarvanOmm04, author = {Aleid E.~Brouwer and Ilaria Mariotti and van Ommeren, Jos N.}, title = {The firm relocation decision: An empirical investigation}, year = 2004, journal = {The Annals of Regional Science}, volume = 38, number = 2, pages = {335--347}, doi = {10.1007/s00168-004-0198-5}, issn = {0570-1864}, keywords = {firm behaviour, demography of firms, location choice} } @article{BroLam72, author = {S.A.~Brown and Thomas A.~Lambe}, title = {Parking Prices in the {C}entral {B}usiness {D}istrict}, year = 1972, journal = {Socio-Economic Planning Sciences}, volume = 6, pages = {133--144}, keywords = {parking, canada} } @book{Bru05, author = {Robert Bruegmann}, title = {Sprawl: a compact history}, year = 2005, publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, address = {Chicago, IL, USA}, keywords = {urban form}, priority = 1, annote = { From the one chapter I've read (10), this doesn't seem like a very worthwhile text. The rhetoric was quite extreme, and the perspective was 100\% libertarian. Most importantly, his argumentation was quite weak, and he relied upon quite a bit of rhetorical sleight of hand to ``prove'' his points. } } @article{BruFitGasKatHam87, author = {R.~Brunner and J.~Fitch and J.~Gassia and L.~Kathlene and K.~Hammond}, title = {Improving Data Utilization: The Case-Wise Alternative}, year = 1987, journal = {Policy Sciences}, volume = 20, number = 4, pages = {365--395}, keywords = {methodology} } @article{BruVuc95, author = {Eric C.~Bruun and Vukan R.~Vuchic}, title = {Time-area concept: Development, meaning and applications}, year = 1995, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1499, pages = {95--104}, keywords = {transport planning} } @article{BruVucShi99, author = {Eric C.~Bruun and Vukan R.~Vuchic and Yong-Eun Shin}, title = {Time-distance diagrams: A powerful tool for service planning and control}, year = 1999, journal = {Journal of Public Transportation}, volume = 2, number = 2, keywords = {transport planning, transit} } @techreport{BrySav97, author = {K.~Bryan-{B}rown and T.~Savill}, title = {Cycle theft in {G}reat {B}ritain}, year = 1997, number = 284, address = {London, UK}, institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, abstract = { This report presents a summary of international literature on pedal cycle theft, cycle theft statistics for Great Britain and the results of a survey of victims of bicycle theft in Great Britain. The 1996 British Crime Survey estimated that there were 660,000 incidences of pedal cycle theft during 1995 in England and Wales, of which only 28\% were reported to, and recorded by, the Police. The Scottish Crime Survey estimated that there were 26,000 bicycles stolen during 1993, representing a rise of 53\% on the 1986 figures. A survey of bicycle theft victims was conducted in December 1996 and January 1997. Topics covered include attitudes towards bicycle theft and how theft and the threat of them affect cycling behaviour. These are compared with response from a control sample of cyclists who have never experienced theft. Results from the survey are compared with British Crime Survey findings. } } @book{Buc58, author = {Colin D.~Buchanan}, title = {Mixed Blessing: The Motor in {B}ritain}, year = 1958, publisher = {Leonard Hill}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {transport planning, history} } @incollection{BunFil96, author = {Trudi Bunting and Pierre Filion}, title = {The dispersed city: its spatial and temporal dynamics}, pages = {9--54}, editor = {Pierre Filion and Trudi Bunting and K.~Curtis}, booktitle = {The Dynamics of the Dispersed City: Geographic and Planning Perspective on {W}aterloo {R}egion}, year = 1996, series = {Department of Geography Publication Series}, volume = 47, publisher = {University of Waterloo}, address = {Waterloo, ON, Canada}, keywords = {urban planning, canada} } @article{BunFil99, author = {Trudi Bunting and Pierre Filion}, title = {Dispersed City Form in {C}anada: A {K}itchener {CMA} Case Study}, year = 1999, journal = {The Canadian Geographer}, volume = 43, pages = {268--287}, keywords = {canada, urban planning} } @book{BunFil00, editor = {Trudi Bunting and Pierre Filion}, title = {{C}anadian Cities in Transition: The Twenty-First Century}, edition = {2nd}, year = 2000, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, keywords = {canada, urban planning, geography, transport planning, history, urban economics} } @article{BunFilPri02, author = {Trudi Bunting and Pierre Filion and H.~Priston}, title = {Density Gradients in {C}anadian Metropolititan Regions, 1971--96: Differential Patterns of Central Area and Suburban Growth and Change}, year = 2002, journal = {Urban Studies}, volume = 39, number = 13, pages = {2531--2552}, abstract = { This paper demonstrates that over the 25-year period, 1971-96, the majority of Canadian cities have undergone transition towards an increasingly decentralised urban form. The trends, however, are quite diverse, pointing to fundamental differences in the respective importance of growth in central and outer parts of the metropolitan area. On the whole, the relatively high densities observed in Canadian central cities, in comparison with US ones, appear to reflect residual centralisation rather than continued growth in metropolitan regions' innermost parts. Only Vancouver, and to a lesser extent Toronto and Victoria, exhibit indisputable evidence of post-1971 central-area growth. The predominant trend has been towards suburban-style, low-density expansion, albeit with considerable intercity variation regarding changes in central-area and suburban density. Findings presented here point to previously unidentified trends towards recentralisation in a few CMAs and, in about half of the surveyed metropolitan areas, densification of suburban tracts. }, keywords = {canada, urban planning, urban form } } @article{BurGueMatPumSan96, author = {S.~Bura and F.~Gu{\'e}rin and H.~Mathian and D.~Pumain and L.~Sanders}, title = {Multi-agent systems and the dynamics of a settlement system}, year = 1996, journal = {Geographical analysis}, volume = 28, number = 2, pages = {161--178}, keywords = {computer science, spatial modelling} } @book{BurDowMuk05, author = {Robert Burchell and Anthony Downs and Sahan Mukherji}, title = {Sprawl Costs: Economic Impacts of Unchecked Development}, year = 2005, publisher = {Island Press}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {urban planning} } % Project H-10. Also parts B and C @techreport{BurLowDolGalDowSesStiMoo02, author = {Robert Burchell and George Lowenstein and William R.~Dolphin and Catherine C.~Galley and Anthony Downs and Samuel Seskin and Katherine Gray Still and Terry Moore}, title = {Costs of Sprawl 2000}, type = {Report}, number = 74, institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation Research Board}, year = 2002, publisher = {National Academy Press}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {land use transport link, urban form, urban planning}, url = {http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_74-a.pdf} } % Project H-10. Also parts B..F @techreport{BurShaLisPhiDowSesDavMooHelGal98, author = {Robert Burchell and Naveed A.~Shad and David Listokin and Hilary Phillips and Anthony Downs and Samuel Seskin and Judy S.~Davis and Terry Moore and David Helton and Michelle Gall}, title = {Costs of Sprawl Revisited}, type = {Report}, number = 39, institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation Research Board}, year = 1998, publisher = {National Academy Press}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {land use transport link, urban form, urban planning}, url = {http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_39-a.pdf} } @article{BurAde83, author = {Peter J.~Burt and Edward H.~Adelson}, title = {The {L}aplacian {P}yramid as a Compact Image Code}, year = 1983, month = Apr, journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Communications}, pages = {532--540}, keywords = {computer science} } @article{Bur00, author = {Elizabeth Burton}, title = {The compact city: Just or just compact? {A} preliminary analysis}, year = 2000, journal = {Urban Studies}, volume = 37, number = 11, pages = {1969--2001}, priority = 5, keywords = {equity, urban form} } @techreport{But00, author = {Patrick Butler}, title = {Why The Standard Automobile Insurance Market Breaks Down In Low Income Zip Codes: A per-mile analysis of {T}exas auto insurance based on testimony before the {T}exas {H}ouse {C}ommittee on {I}nsurance April 6 and 13, 1999}, year = 2000, number = 633, month = Jul, institution = {Cents Per Mile Now}, abstract = { The Texas legislature relied on this analysis of zip-code pricing (red lining) and uninsured cars in passing the ``cents-per-mile choice'' law to cure these and other maladies produced by fixed annual rates per-car. As introduced, the legislation drafted to NOW's specifications made the cents-per-mile option a ``mandatory offer'' to all customers by all companies after a two year phase-in period. As passed, the law makes offering cents-per-mile rates as an alternative to annual rates per car voluntary for companies. Consumers need to demand that companies take the cure: measure the miles of protection they sell for the customers who want it. }, keywords = {transportation demand management, insurance}, url = {http://centspermilenow.org/publicat.htm} } @techreport{CaiPra95, author = {E.~Caindec and P.~Prastacos}, title = {Update of the {POLIS} Land-use Transportation Models}, year = 1995, type = {Working Paper}, institution = {Assocation of Bay Area Governments}, address = {Oakland, CA, USA}, keywords = {transport modelling} } @article{Cai01, author = {Sally Cairns}, title = {Going Further with Cycling}, year = 2001, month = {July/August}, journal = {Town and Country Planning}, volume = 70, number = {7/8}, pages = 197, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @article{Cai03, author = {Sally Cairns}, title = {Cycle Gains}, year = 2003, month = Sep, journal = {Town and Country Planning}, volume = 72, number = 8, pages = {230--233}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @techreport{CaiSloNewAnaKirGoo04, author = {Sally Cairns and L.~Sloman and C.~Newson and J.~Anable and A.~Kirkbride and Phil Goodwin}, title = {Smarter Choices---Changing the Way We Travel}, year = 2004, institution = {Department for Transport}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {transportation demand management} } @book{CalKei96, author = {S.~Caldwell and L.A.~Keister}, title = {Wealth in {A}merica: family stock ownership and accumulation 1960--1995}, year = 1996, series = {European Research in Regional Science}, volume = 6, publisher = {Pion}, address = {London, UK}, pages = {88--116}, keywords = {urban economics} } @book{Cal93, author = {Peter G.~Calthorpe}, title = {The Next {A}merican Metropolis: Ecology, Community and the {A}merican Dream}, year = 1993, publisher = {Harper \& Row}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, priority = 5, keywords = {urban planning, new urbanism, transit-oriented development} } % Read chapter 3 (pp. 43-60) @book{CalFul01, author = {Peter G.~Calthorpe and William B.~Fulton}, title = {The Regional City: Planning for the End of Sprawl}, year = 2001, publisher = {Island Press}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {urban planning, new urbanism} } @techreport{Cal02, author = {Edward Calthrop}, title = {Evaluating on-street parking policy}, year = 2002, institution = {Katholieke Universiteit Leuven}, type = {Working Paper}, number = {2002-03}, keywords = {urban economics, congestion pricing, parking}, url = {http://weblog.kuleuven.be/dlcount.php?id=ete\&url=http://www.econ.kuleuven.be/ete/downloads/ete-wp02-03.pdf}, abstract = { This paper uses a formal model to examine the welfare gains from a marginal increase in the price of on-street parking. The benefits of such a policy are shown to depend on the improvement in search externalities in the on-street parking market itself, plus effects on other distorted urban transport markets, including congested freeway and backroad use, mass-transit and off-street parking. The paper makes two further contributions. The model is sufficiently general that several well-known results from the parking literature emerge as special cases. The model is used to review the existing literature and highlights findings in separate parts of literature. Finally, a numerical simulation model is used to investigate the order of magnitude of an optimal urban parking fee. In particular, these results confirm the importance of taking into accounts effects on other distorted transport markets when deciding upon the level of the price for on-street parking. The model confirms that while parking pricing reform may lead to substantial improvements in parking search times, there is little overall impact on road congestion levels. } } @techreport{CalPro02, author = {Edward Calthrop and Stef Proost}, title = {Regulating on-street parking}, year = 2002, institution = {Katholieke Universiteit Leuven}, type = {Working Paper}, number = {2002-02}, keywords = {urban economics, congestion pricing, parking}, url = {http://weblog.kuleuven.be/dlcount.php?id=ete\&url=http://www.econ.kuleuven.be/ete/downloads/ete-wp02-02.pdf}, abstract = { Consider the choices available to a shopper driving to a city and trying to park downtown. One option, typical to many cities, is to follow the signposts to an off-street parking facility, which is often privately operated. Another option is to search for an on-street spot. If this proves unsuccessful, it is always possible to return to the off-street facility. We formalise such a setting and examine optimal on-street parking policy in the presence of an off-street market. Not surprisingly, the amount of socially-wasteful searching behaviour is shown to depend on the prices of both the off- and on-street market. If the off-street market is run competitively, optimal on-street policy reduces to a simple and attractive rule: set the on-street price equal to the resource cost of off-street parking supply. Other pricing rules result in either excessive searching behaviour or excessive off-street investment costs. Time restrictions - a common alternative to on-street fees - are also shown to be inefficient. In practice, however, off-street markets are unlikely to be competitive. We examine the case of a single off-street supplier playing as a Stackelberg follower to the government regulated on-street market. Based on a numerical example (calibrated to London), optimal on-street policy is shown to either involve setting a relatively high on-street price, such that the monopolist is induced to undercut and gain the entire parking demand, or setting a relatively low price, while the monopolist maximises profit on the residual demand curve. Which strategy is optimal is shown to be parameter dependent. } } @techreport{CalPro04, author = {Edward Calthrop and Stef Proost}, title = {Regulating on-street parking}, year = 2004, institution = {Katholieke Universiteit Leuven}, type = {Working Paper}, number = {2004-10}, keywords = {urban economics, congestion pricing, parking}, url = {http://weblog.kuleuven.be/dlcount.php?id=ete\&url=http://www.econ.kuleuven.be/ete/downloads/ETE-WP-2004-10.PDF}, abstract = { Consider a shopper or tourist driving downtown and trying to park. Two strategies are usually available: either park at a private off-street facility or search for a cheaper on-street spot. We formalise such a setting and use the model to study optimal government regulation of the on-street parking market. It is shown that the optimal on-street fee equals the marginal cost of off-street supply at the optimal quantity. If the off-street market is supplied under constant returns to scale, this provides a particular simple operational rule: the price on street should match that off street. We also extend the model to consider maximum length of stay restrictions and non-competitive private supply. A numerical model, calibrated to central London, investigates the magnitude of an optimal fee. } } @article{CalProvan00, author = {Edward Calthrop and Stef Proost and Kurt {van Dender}}, title = {Parking Policies and Road Pricing}, year = 2000, journal = {Urban Policy}, volume = 37, number = 1, pages = {63--76}, keywords = {parking, congestion pricing} } @incollection{CamCapNij99, author = {R.~Camagni and R.~Capello and P.~Nijkamp}, title = {New governance principles for sustainable urban transport}, editor = {R.~Camagni and R.~Capello and P.~Nijkamp}, booktitle = {New Contributions to Transportation Analysis in {E}urope}, year = 1999, pages = {213--250}, publisher = {Ashgate}, address = {Brookfield, VT, USA}, keywords = {transport planning, governance} } @article{CamHarKeh01, author = {I.C.~Cameron and N.J.~Harris and N.J.~Kehoe}, title = {Tram-related injuries in {S}heffield}, year = 2001, month = May, journal = {Injury}, volume = 32, number = 4, pages = {275--277}, keywords = {transit, bicycle planning} } @article{CamKenLyo03, author = {I.~Cameron and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and T.J.~Lyons}, title = {Understanding and Predicting Private Motorised Urban Mobility}, year = 2003, journal = {Transportation Research D}, volume = 8, pages = {267--283}, keywords = {transport modelling} } @article{CamLyoKen04, author = {I.~Cameron and T.J.~Lyons and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy}, title = {Trends in vehicle kilometers of travel in world cities, 1960--1990: underlying drivers and policy responses}, year = 2004, month = Jul, journal = {Transport Policy}, volume = 11, number = 3, pages = {287--298}, keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning} } @techreport{CIPGFG04, author = {{Canadian Institute of Planners} and {Go For Green}}, title = {Community Cycling Manual: A Planning and Design Guide}, year = 2004, month = Jun, institution = {Go For Green}, address = {Ottawa, ON, Canada}, url = {http://www.goforgreen.ca/at/Eng/PDF/CommunityCyclingManual-June2004.pdf}, keywords = {bicycle planning, canada} } @techreport{Can04, author = {Jeffrey J.~Cantos}, title = {Parking Strategies and Affordable Housing: An Efficient and Equitable Approach}, year = 2004, institution = {School of Planning, University of Toronto}, address = {Toronto, ON, Canada}, keywords = {canada, parking}, url = {http://www.geog.utoronto.ca/programs/planning/planning\%20new/recentwork/2003/CIP/parkingstrategiespdf.pdf}, } @article{Car04, author = {Matthew Carmona}, title = {Road to Nowhere: Urban Design, Highway Engineers, and the Design of Cycle Lanes}, year = 2004, journal = {Town and Country Planning}, volume = 73, number = 1, month = Jan, pages = 31, keywords = {bicycle planning, streets, urban design} } @article{CarHogWelMil07, author = {Juan A.~Carrasco and B.~Hogan and B.~Wellmand and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Collecting Social Network Data to Study Social Activity-Travel Behavior: An Egocentric Approach}, year = 2007, journal = {Environment and Planning B}, volume = {forthcoming}, keywords = { transport modelling } } @article{CarMil06, author = {Juan A.~Carrasco and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Exploring the Propensity to perform social activities: A social network approach}, year = 2006, journal = {Transportation}, volume = 33, pages = {463--480}, keywords = { transport modelling } } @inproceedings{CarMilWel06, author = {Juan A.~Carrasco and Eric J.~Miller and B.~Wellman}, title = {The Interaction Between Spatial and Social Networks: The Case of Social Activity-Travel}, year = 2006, month = Aug, booktitle = {Presented at the 11th International Association for Travel Behaviour Research Conference}, address = {Kyoto, Japan}, keywords = {travel behaviour, transport modelling, ilute} } @article{CarOrt02, author = {Juan A.~Carrasco and Juan~de~Dios Ort\'{u}zar}, title = {A Review and Assessment of the Nested Logit Model}, year = 2002, journal = {Transport Reviews}, volume = 22, number = 2, pages = {197--218}, keywords = {transport modelling, discrete choice modelling} } @techreport{CCIL83, author = {{Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie de {L}yon, Direction Promotion du Commerce, Service Urbanisme Commercial et Etudes}}, title = {Deplacements moyens de transports liés aux achats}, year = 1983, institution = {Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie de Lyon}, address = {Lyon, France}, keywords = {transport planning} } @techreport{deCer02, author = {Allison L.C.~{de Cerre\~no}}, title = {Dynamics of On-Street Parking in Large Central Cities}, year = 2002, institution = {Wagner Rudin Center for Transportation Policy \& Management, New York University}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, url = {http://www.nyu.edu/wagner/transportation/files/street.pdf}, abstract = {Funded by the Federal Highway Administration, the purpose of this report is three-fold: (1) to determine, to the degree possible, the impact that on-street parking has on transportation, development, and land-use; (2) to identify and review comprehensively ``on-street'' parking policies and management practices in large cities; and, (3) to recommend best practice strategies for on-street parking in large cities. The report is the culmination of a year-long study, which included an extensive literature review, one-on-one discussions with city parking officials, a peer-to-peer exchange session in Boston, and a detailed questionnaire to which nine U.S. cities responded.}, keywords = {parking} } @article{Cer84, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Light Rail Transit and Urban Development}, year = 1984, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 50, number = 2, pages = {133--147}, keywords = {urban planning, transit, transport planning, rail, land use transport link} } @article{Cer84b, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Cost and performance impacts of transit subsidy programs}, year = 1984, journal = {Transportation Research A}, volume = 18, pages = {407--413}, keywords = {equity, transit, finance} } @article{Cer85, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {The Anatomy of Transit Operating Deficits}, year = 1985, journal = {Urban Law and Policy}, volume = 6, number = 3, pages = {281--298}, keywords = {transit, transport planning} } @article{Cer85b, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {A tale of two cities: Light rail transit in {C}anada}, year = 1985, journal = {Journal of Transportation Engineering}, volume = 111, number = 6, pages = {633--650}, keywords = {canada, transit, transport planning} } @article{Cer86, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Urban Transit in {C}anada: Integration and Innovation at its Best}, year = 1986, journal = {Transportation Quarterly}, volume = 40, number = 3, pages = {293--316}, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, canada, transit} } @techreport{Cer86b, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Suburban Gridlock}, institution = {Center for Urban Policy Research}, address = {New Brunswick, NJ, USA}, year = 1986, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning} } @article{Cer88, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Land Use Mixing and Suburban Mobility}, year = 1988, month = Jul, journal = {Transportation Quarterly}, pages = {429--446}, volume = 42, number = 3, keywords = { urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link }, url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/countdown.pl?003.pdf} } %month = {Spring}, @article{Cer89, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Jobs-Housing Balance and Regional Mobility}, year = 1989, journal = {American Planning Association Journal}, volume = 55, number = 2, pages = {136--150}, keywords = { urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link, urban form }, url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/countdown.pl?050.pdf} } @article{Cer89b, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Suburban Employment Centers: Probing the Influence of Site Features on the Journey-to-Work}, year = 1989, journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research}, pages = {75--85}, keywords = { urban planning, urban form, urban design }, url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/countdown.pl?049.pdf} } @book{Cer89c, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {America's Suburban Centers: The Land Use-Transportation Link}, year = 1989, publisher = {Unwin-Hyman}, address = {Boston, MA, USA}, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link } } @article{Cer90, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Transit Pricing Research: A Review and Synthesis}, year = 1990, journal = {Transportation}, volume = 17, pages = {117--139}, keywords = {transit, finance, equity} } @article{Cer90b, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Profiling profitable bus routes}, year = 1990, journal = {Transportation Quarterly}, volume = 44, pages = {183--201}, keywords = {transit, finance, equity} } @article{Cer91, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Land uses and travel at suburban activity centers}, year = 1991, journal = {Transportation Quarterly}, volume = 45, pages = {479--491}, keywords = { urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link } } @article{Cer91b, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Congestion, Growth, and Public Choices}, year = 1991, month = Mar, journal = {Berkeley Planning Journal}, keywords = { urban planning, transport planning }, url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/countdown.pl?051.pdf} } @article{Cer91c, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Congestion relief: the land use alternative}, year = 1991, journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research}, volume = 10, pages = {119--129}, keywords = {urban form, urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link} } @techreport{Cer93, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Ridership Impacts of Transit-Focused Development in {C}alifornia}, year = 1993, type = {Monograph}, number = 45, address = {Berkeley, CA, USA}, institution = {Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California}, keywords = {transit, urban form, land use transport link, urban planning, transport planning} } @techreport{Cer93b, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Transit Supportive Development in the {U}nited {S}tates: Experiences and Prospects}, year = 1993, institution = {Federal Transit Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {urban planning, transit} } @article{Cer93c, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Assessing the impacts of urban rail transit on local real estate markets using quasi-experimental comparisons}, year = 1993, journal = {Transportation Research A}, volume = 27, number = 1, pages = {13--22}, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link} } @article{Cer94, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Making Transit Work in the Suburbs}, year = 1994, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1451, pages = {3--11}, keywords = {transit, transport planning} } @article{Cer94b, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Rail transit and joint development: Land market impacts in {W}ashington, {D.C.} and {A}tlanta}, year = 1994, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 60, number = 1, pages = {83--94}, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning} } @article{Cer94c, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Rail-oriented office development in {C}alifornia: how successful?}, year = 1994, journal = {Transportation Quarterly}, volume = 48, number = 1, pages = {33--44}, keywords = {urban planning, transit-oriented development} } @article{Cer95, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Sustainable New Towns: {S}tockholm's rail-served satellites}, year = 1995, journal = {Cities}, volume = 12, number = 1, pages = {41--51}, keywords = { transit, urban planning, rail, urban form } } @techreport{Cer95b, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {{BART @ 20}: Land Use and Development Impacts}, year = 1995, type = {Monograph}, number = 49, address = {Berkeley, CA, USA}, institution = {Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California}, keywords = {transit, urban planning, land use transport link, transport planning} } @article{Cer96, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Mixed Land-Uses and Commuting: Evidence from the {A}merican Housing Survey}, year = 1996, journal = {Transportation Research A}, volume = 30, number = 5, pages = {361--377}, keywords = { transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link, urban form }, abstract = { Past research suggests that mixed land-uses encourage non-auto commuting; however, the evidence remains sketchy. This paper explores this question by investigating how the presence of retail activities in neighborhoods influences the commuting choices of residents using data from the 1985 American Housing Survey. Having grocery stores and other consumer services within 300 feet of one's residence is found to encourage commuting by mass transit, walking and bicycling, controlling for such factors as residential densities and vehicle ownership levels. When retail shops are beyond 300 feet yet within 1 mile of residences, however, they tend to encourage auto-commuting, ostensibly because of the ability to efficiently link work and shop trips by car. The presence of nearby commercial land-uses is also associated with relatively low vehicle ownership rates and short commuting distances among residents of a mixed-use neighborhood. Overall, residential densities exerted a stronger influence on commuting mode choices than levels of land-use mixture, except for walking and bicycle commutes. For non-motorized commuting, the presence or absence of neighborhood shops is a better predictor of mode choice than residential densities. } } @article{Cer96c, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Traditional Neighborhoods and Commuting in the {S}an {F}rancisco {B}ay {A}rea}, year = 1996, journal = {Transportation}, volume = 23, pages = {373--394}, keywords = {urban form, transport planning, urban planning, urban design} } @book{Cer97, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Paratransit in {A}merica: Redefining Mass Transportation}, year = 1997, publisher = {Praeger}, address = {Westport, CT, USA}, keywords = {transit, transport planning} } @incollection{Cer01, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Integration of Urban Transport and Urban Planning}, editor = {M.~Freire and R.~Stren}, booktitle = {The Challenge of Urban Government: Policies and Practices}, year = 2001, pages = {407--427}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, publisher = {The World Bank Institute}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link} } @article{Cer02, author = {Robert Cervero}, title = {Built Environments and Mode Choice: Toward a Normative Framework}, year = 2002, journal = {Transportation Research D}, volume = 7, number = 4, pages = {265--284}, keywords = {urban form, land use transport link} } @article{CerGor95, author = {Robert Cervero and R.~Gorham}, title = {Commuting in transit versus automobile neighborhoods}, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, year = 1995, volume = 61, number = 2, pages = {210--225}, keywords = {urban planning, transit, land use transport link } } @article{CerHan02, author = {Robert Cervero and M.~Hansen}, title = {Induced travel demand and induced road investment: a simultaneous-equation analysis}, year = 2002, journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy}, volume = 36, number = 3, pages = {469--490}, keywords = {induced travel, transport planning, land use transport link} } @techreport{CerRad95, author = {Robert Cervero and Carolyn Radisch}, title = {Travel choices in pedestrian versus automobile oriented neighborhoods}, year = 1995, month = Jul, type = {Working Paper}, institution = {University of California Transportation Center}, number = 281, keywords = {pedestrian planning, urban planning, urban form, urban design, land use transport link}, url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/countdown.pl?281.pdf} } @article{CerRad96, author = {Robert Cervero and Carolyn Radisch}, title = {Travel choices in pedestrian versus automobile oriented neighborhoods}, journal = {Transport Policy}, year = 1996, volume = 3, pages = {127--141}, keywords = {pedestrian planning, urban planning, urban form, urban design, land use transport link}, annote = { Apparently fairly important - shows benefits of traditional neighbourhood design. } } % With Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas @techreport{CerSes95, author = {Robert Cervero and Samuel Seskin}, title = {The Relationship Between Transit and Urban Form}, year = 1995, type = {Research Results Digest}, number = 7, institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {transit, land use transport link, transport planning, urban planning, urban form} } @article{CerTsa03, author = {Robert Cervero and Yu-Hsin Tsai}, title = {Job Access and Reverse Commuting Initiatives in {C}alifornia: Review \& Assessment}, year = 2003, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1859, pages = {79--86}, keywords = {urban form, urban planning, transport planning} } @article{CerTsa04, author = {Robert Cervero and Yu-Hsin Tsai}, title = {City {C}ar{S}hare in {S}an {F}rancisco, {C}alifornia: Second- year travel demand and car ownership impacts}, year = 2004, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1887, pages = {117--127}, keywords = {car sharing, transport planning} } @article{CerWac82, author = {Robert Cervero and Martin Wachs}, title = {An Answer to the Transit Crisis: The Case for Distance-Based Fares}, year = 1982, journal = {Journal of Contemporary Studies}, volume = 5, number = 2, pages = {59--70}, keywords = {transit} } @article{CerWu97, author = {Robert Cervero and K.L.~Wu}, title = {Polycentrism, Commuting, and Residential Location in the {S}an {F}rancisco {B}ay {A}rea}, year = 1997, journal = {Environment and Planning A}, volume = 29, pages = {865--886}, keywords = {urban form, transport planning, urban planning} } @techreport{CHA99, author = {{Cleary Hughes Associates}}, title = {Nottingham {C}ycle {C}hallenge {P}roject: Final Report}, year = 1999, institution = {Cleary Hughes Associates}, address = {Hucknall, Nottingham, UK}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @book{Cha92, author = {K.~Chatzis}, title = {A Conceptual Framework for Analysing the Long-term Evolution of Regulatory Control Practices within Large Technical Systems}, year = 1992, publisher = {Mimeo}, keywords = {transport planning, governance} } @article{CheDeaHigHue06, author = {Christopher R.~Cherry and Elizabeth Deakin and Nathan Higgins and S.~Brian Huey}, title = {Systems-Level Approach to Sustainable Urban Arterial Revitalization}, year = 2006, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, keywords = {streets, street design} } @book{Chi98, author = {Mark Childs}, title = {Parking Spaces: A Design, Implementation and Use Manual for Architects, Planners and Engineers}, year = 1998, publisher = {McGraw Hill}, keywords = {transport planning, parking} } @book{Chr66, author = {W.~Christaller}, title = {Central Places in Southern Germany}, year = 1966, publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, keywords = {urban economics} } @article{Chu99, author = {Arza Churchman}, title = {Disentangling the Concept of Density}, year = 1999, journal = {Journal of Planning Literature}, volume = 13, number = 4, pages = {389--411}, doi = {10.1177/08854129922092478}, keywords = {urban form} } @incollection{Cie02, author = {D.J.~Cieslewicz}, title = {The Environmental Impacts of Sprawl}, year = 2002, booktitle = {Urban Sprawl: Causes, Consequences and Policy Responses}, editor = {G.D.~Squires}, publisher = {The Urban Institute Press}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, pages = {23--38}, keywords = {urban planning} } @techreport{CIT01, author = {{Commission for Integrated Transport}}, title = {European Best Practice in Delivering Integrated Transport}, year = 2001, month = Nov, address = {London, UK}, institution = {{Commission for Integrated Transport}}, keywords = {bicycle planning, transit}, url = {http://www.cfit.gov.uk/docs/2001/ebp/index.htm} } @article{ClaJia01, author = {Christophe Claramunt and B.~Jiang}, title = {An integrated representation of spatial and temporal relationships}, year = 2001, journal = {Geographical Systems}, volume = 3, number = 4, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, pages = {154--159}, keywords = {computer science, geographic information systems} } @incollection{ClaParThe97, author = {Christophe Claramunt and Christine Parent and Marius Th{\'e}riault}, title = {Design patterns for spatio-temporal processes}, booktitle = {Searching for Semantics: Data Mining, Reverse Engineering}, editor = {Stefano Spaccapietra and F.~Maryanski}, year = 1997, publisher = {Chapman \& Hall}, pages = {415--428}, keywords = {computer science, geographic information systems, ilute}, url = {http://www.ecole-navale.fr/fr/irenav/cv/claramunt/IFIP97.zip} } @article{ClaPag00, author = {Stephen D.~Clark and Matthew W.~Page}, title = {Cycling and Urban Traffic Management and Control Systems}, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1705, year = 2000, pages = {77--84}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1705-013.pdf} } @techreport{ClaTra95, author = {Andy Clarke and Linda Tracy}, title = {Bicycle Safety-Related Research Synthesis}, year = 1995, number = {FHWA-RD-94062}, institution = {U.S.~Federal Highway Administration}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @book{Cla96, editor = {Graham P.~Clarke}, title = {Microsimulation for Urban and Regional Policy Analysis}, year = 1996, series = {European Research in Regional Science}, volume = 6, publisher = {Pion}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {urban economics, transport modelling} } @article{ClaHol87, author = {M.~Clarke and E.~Holm}, title = {Micro-simulation methods in human geography and planning: a review and further extensions}, year = 1987, journal = {Geografiska Annaler}, volume = {69B}, pages = {145--164}, keywords = {urban economics, transport modelling} } @article{ClaSpo85, author = {M.~Clarke and M.E.~Spowage}, title = {Integrated models for public policy analysis: an example of the practical use of simulation models in health care planning}, year = 1985, journal = {Papers of the Regional Science Association}, volume = 55, pages = {25--45}, keywords = {urban economics} } @article{ClaEtc93, author = {P.~{Clarke et al.}}, title = {The use of stated preference techniques to investigate likely responses to changes in workplace parking supply}, year = 1993, journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control}, volume = 34, number = {7/8}, pages = {350--354}, keywords = {parking} } @article{Cla98, author = {G.~Clay}, title = {Will the real {P}ortland please stand up?}, year = 1998, journal = {Landscape Architecture}, volume = 88, number = 5, pages = {155--156}, keywords = {urban design} } @article{CleMcC00, author = {Jo Cleary and Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, title = {Evaluation of the {C}ycle {C}hallenge {P}roject: A case study of the {N}ottingham cycle-friendly employers' project}, year = 2000, month = Apr, journal = {Transport Policy}, volume = 8, number = 2, pages = {117--125}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @article{CleMcC00b, author = {Jo Cleary and Hugh Mc{C}lintock}, title = {The {N}ottingham cycle-friendly employers' project: lessons for encouraging cycle commuting}, year = 2000, journal = {Local Environment}, volume = 5, number = 2, pages = {217--222}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @book{CliOrd73, author = {A.D.~Cliff and J.K.~Ord}, title = {Spatial Autocorrelation}, year = 1973, publisher = {Pion}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {spatial modelling} } @inproceedings{Coa97, author = {Nigel Coates}, title = {Parking Policy and Bicycle Promotion in {O}xford}, year = 1997, month = Sep, booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo-City 1997}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, keywords = {bicycle planning, parking} } @article{Cod83, author = {W.R.~Code}, title = {The strength of the centre: downtown offices and metropolitan decentralization policy in {T}oronto}, year = 1983, journal = {Environment and Planning A}, volume = 15, pages = {1361--1380}, keywords = {urban planning, canada} } @techreport{Cof94, author = {W.J.~Coffey}, title = {The evolution of {C}anada's metropolitan economies}, year = 1994, address = {Montreal, QC, Canada}, institution = {Institute for Research on Public Policy}, keywords = { canada, history } } @article{ConLaw02, author = {Sonny Conder and Keith Lawton}, title = {Alternative futures for integrated transportation and land use models contrasted with ``{T}rend-{D}elphi'' models: {P}ortland {O}regon {M}etro results}, year = 2002, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1805, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {land use transport link, transport modelling} } @book{Con96, author = {Patrick Condon}, title = {Sustainable Urban Landscapes: The {S}urrey Design Charette}, year = 1996, publisher = {University of British Columbia Press}, address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada}, keywords = {public participation} } @book{Coo90, author = {P.~Cook}, title = {Back to the future: Modernity, postmodernity and locality}, year = 1990, publisher = {Unwin Hyman Ltd.}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {geography} } @article{Coo96, author = {D.~Coombe}, title = {Induced traffic: what do transportation models tell us?}, year = 1996, journal = {Transportation}, volume = 23, number = 1, pages = {83--101}, keywords = {transport modelling, induced travel} } @article{CooGueBatLeM97, author = {D.~Coombe and P.~Guest and J.~Bates and P.~{le Masurier}}, title = {Study of parking and traffic demand: {I}. The Research Programme}, year = 1997, month = Feb, journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control}, volume = 38, number = 2, keywords = {parking} } @article{CopCaiFoxLawLocLumRidRos03, author = {Andy Cope and Sally Cairns and Ken Fox and Debbie A.~Lawlor and Mary Lockie and Les Lumsdon and Chris Riddoch and Paul Rosen}, title = {The {UK} National Cycle Network: an assessment of the benefits of a sustainable transport infrastructure}, year = 2003, journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice}, volume = 9, number = 1, keywords = {bicycle planning}, url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp09.1.pdf} } @unpublished{Cop85, author = {P.M.~Coppack}, title = {An exploration of amenity and its role in the development of the urban field}, year = 1985, note = {Unpublished Ph.D. thesis}, institution = {University of Waterloo}, address = {Waterloo, ON, Canada}, keywords = {urban planning, geography, canada} } @book{Cow97, author = {Robert Cowan}, title = {The Connected City}, year = 1997, publisher = {Urban Initiatives}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {urban planning} } @inproceedings{CoxLovNew97, author = {W.~Cox and J.~Love and N.~Newton}, title = {Competition in Public Transport: International State of the Art}, year = 1997, booktitle = {Paper presented at the Fifth International Conference on Competition and Ownership in Passenger Transport}, address = {Leeds, UK}, month = May, keywords = {transit, finance, transport planning} } @techreport{CPAG01, author = {{Cyclists' Public Affairs Group}}, title = {{BikeFrame}: A Model Cycling Policy}, year = 2001, institution = {Cyclists' Touring Club and the Bicycle Association}, address = {Godalming, UK}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @article{Cra96, author = {Randall Crane}, title = {The influence of uncertain job location on urban form and the journey to work}, year = 1996, journal = {Journal of Urban Economics}, volume = 39, number = 3, pages = {342--358}, keywords = {transport planning, urban form, land use transport link, location choice} } @article{Cra96b, author = {Randall Crane}, title = {Cars and drivers in the new suburbs: linking access to travel in neotraditional planning}, year = 1996, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 62, number = 1, pages = {51--65}, keywords = {urban planning} } @article{Cra96c, author = {Randall Crane}, title = {On form versus function: will the {N}ew {U}rbanism reduce traffic, or increase it?}, year = 1996, journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research}, volume = 15, number = 2, pages = {117--126}, keywords = {urban planning, land use transport link, new urbanism} } @article{Cra98, author = {Randall Crane}, title = {Travel by design?}, journal = {Access Magazine}, year = 1998, volume = 12, pages = {2--7}, keywords = {land use transport link} } @article{Cra99b, author = {Randall Crane}, title = {The influence of urban form on travel: an interpretive review}, journal = {Journal of Planning Literature}, year = 1999, volume = 15, pages = {3--23}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning} } @article{Cra00, author = {Randall Crane}, title = {The impacts of urban form on travel: an interpretive review}, year = 2000, journal = {Journal of Planning Literature}, volume = 15, pages = {3--23}, keywords = {land use transport link, urban form, transport planning, urban planning} } @article{CraCre98, author = {Randall Crane and R.~Crepeau}, title = {Does neighbourhood design influence travel? A behavioral analysis of travel diary and GIS data}, year = 1998, journal = {Transportation Research D}, volume = 3, number = 4, pages = {225--238}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning} } @book{Cra00b, author = {J.H.~Crawford}, title = {Carfree Cities}, year = 2000, publisher = {International Books}, address = {Utrecht, The Netherlands}, keywords = {urban planning, pedestrian planning, bicycle planning} } @incollection{Cra99, author = {M.~Crawford}, title = {The architect and the mall}, year = 1999, booktitle = {You are Here}, editor = {{John Jerde Partnership International}}, publisher = {Phaidon}, address = {London, UK}, pages = {44--54}, keywords = {architecture} } @techreport{CROW93, author = {{Centre for Research and Contract Standardisation in Civil Engineering (CROW)}}, title = {Sign up for the bike: design manual for a cycle-friendly infrastructure}, year = 1993, institution = {CROW}, address = {Ede, The Netherlands}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @techreport{CROW96, author = {CROW}, title = {Aanbevelingen voor verkeersvoorzieningen binnen de bebouwde kom {ASVV} 1996 (Recommendations for traffic and transport facilities in built-up areas)}, year = 1996, number = 110, institution = {CROW}, address = {Ede, The Netherlands}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @techreport{CT04, author = {{City of Toronto}}, title = {Toronto Official Plan}, year = 2004, address = {Toronto, ON, Canada}, institution = {{City of Toronto}}, url = {http://toronto.ca/torontoplan/official_plan.htm}, keywords = {urban planning, canada}, } @book{Cul61, author = {G.~Cullen}, title = {Townscape}, year = 1961, publisher = {Architectural Press}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {architecture, urban design} } @article{Cul92, author = {S.~Cullinane}, title = {Attitudes towards the car in the {UK}: some implications for policies on congestion and the environment}, year = 1992, journal = {Transportation Review}, volume = {26A}, pages = {291--301}, keywords = {transport planning} } @techreport{CV05, author = {{City of Vancouver}}, title = {Zoning and Development By-law}, number = {3575}, type = {By-law}, year = 2005, institution = {{City of Vancouver}}, address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada}, url = {http://vancouver.ca/commsvcs/BYLAWS/zoning/zon&dev.htm}, keywords = {urban planning, canada}, } @techreport{DalWil77, author = {E.~Dalby and A.E.~Williamson}, title = {Pedestrian and traffic management. Techniques in {D}elft: report of a visit made in {D}ecember 1975}, year = 1977, institution = {Crowthorne Transport \& Road Research Laboratory}, number = {SR257}, keywords = {urban planning} } @article{DalSmi01, author = {Martin Dale and Richard Smith}, title = {Estimating {L}ondon's Parking Space Capacity}, year = 2001, month = Sep, journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control}, volume = 41, number = 8, pages = {325--328}, keywords = {parking} } @article{DamLer80, author = {D.~Damm and A.~Lerman}, title = {Response of Urban Real Estate Values in Anticipation of the {W}ashington {M}etro}, year = 1980, journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy}, volume = 1, number = 3, pages = {315--335}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link} } @book{DanWar80, author = {P.W.~Daniels and A.M.~Warnes}, title = {Movement in Cities: Spatial Perspectives in Urban Transport and Travel}, year = 1980, publisher = {Methuen}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning} } @inproceedings{DasWeb92, author = {M.~Dasgupta and F.~Webster}, title = {Land Use/Transport Interaction: Policy Relevance of the {ISGLUTI} Study}, year = 1992, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth World Conference on Transport Research}, address = {Lyon, France}, publisher = {World Congress on Transport Research}, keywords = {land use transport link, urban planning, transport planning} } @mastersthesis{Dav97b, author = {Gavin Davidson}, title = {Area Wide Traffic Management: A Strategy for Improving the Economic, Social and Environmental Health of Urban Centers}, year = 1997, school = {Simon Fraser University, School of Resource and Environmental Management}, address = {Burnaby, BC, Canada}, keywords = {transport planning, traffic calming, canada} } @techreport{Dav89, author = {D.~Davies}, title = {Light rapid transit: implications for cyclists}, year = 1989, month = {June/July}, institution = {Cycle Touring and Campaigning}, keywords = {transit, bicycle planning} } @techreport{DavChiBucRei03, author = {D.G.~Davies and L.~Chinn and G.S.~Buckle and Stuart J.~Reid}, title = {Cycling in vehicle restricted areas}, year = 2003, number = 583, address = {London, UK}, institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited}, keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning}, url = {http://217.118.128.203/store/downloadreport.asp?id=2734}, abstract = { Vehicle restricted areas (VRAs) or `pedestrian areas' in town centres are sometimes important routes for cyclists. However, cycling is prohibited in many VRAs on the grounds of pedestrian comfort and safety. TRL studied the behaviour of 2,220 cyclists at sites in Cambridge, Hull and Salisbury where cycling is permitted for part or all of the day. TRL also interviewed 300 pedestrians and 150 cyclists at these sites to obtain additional details about behaviour and attitudes. The report presents data on cycling speeds, dismounting and pedestrian flows and identifies those factors that significantly influence cyclist behaviour. It also shows which types of cyclists are most likely to ignore cycling bans and to cycle fast. The interviews reveal varying levels of acceptance by pedestrians of cycling in VRAs, and indicate that some injurious incidents occur. Conclusions are presented about how the physical layout of the VRA and other factors can affect pedestrian safety and comfort. The report does not endorse or reject cycling in VRAs, but presents information that may assist with appropriate local regulation and design. } } @techreport{DavHar99, author = {D.G.~Davies and E.~Hartley}, title = {New Cycle Owners: Expectations and Experience}, year = 1999, number = 369, address = {London, UK}, institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, abstract = { Cycle sales have increased substantially but overall cycle use has not. This project investigated the expectations and experiences of new cycle owners to see how they might be encouraged to cycle more, particularly for utility purposes. 76 adults who did not regularly cycle, who were buying a new cycle for themselves, were interviewed in cycle shops immediately after their purchase, about their planned cycle use and expectations. After one month they completed a four-day travel diary. After another month, they were interviewed in-depth regarding their cycle use, experiences and attitudes. Almost all those who completed the survey were pleased with their purchase. The majority cycled at least once a week, some much more frequently. Leisure was the main journey purpose but those who cycled to work tended to cycle more frequently. Physical effort, practical difficulties, the weather and the danger and unpleasantness from motor traffic were the main deterrents. One quarter reported using their cars less. However, most continued to use cars for the majority of journeys, including many under one mile. The report concludes that measures are needed to overcome practical barriers to greater cycle use, and to make cycling more enjoyable, for both new and existing cyclists. } } @incollection{Dav97, author = {Mike Davis}, title = {How {E}den Lost Its Garden}, year = 1997, editor = {Allen Scott and Edward Soja}, publisher = {University of California Press}, booktitle = {The City}, address = {Berkeley, CA, USA}, keywords = {history} } @incollection{Dav05, author = {Mike Davis}, title = {{O}zzie and {H}arriet in Hell: On the Decline of the Inner Suburbs}, year = 2005, booktitle = {Sprawl and Suburbia: A {H}arvard {D}esign {M}agazine Reader}, editor = {William S.~Saunders}, publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, address = {Minneapolis, MN, USA}, chapter = 3, pages = {27--33}, status = {read}, keywords = {urban planning} } @article{DeaBecCraArcCaiKluLeuNi04, author = {Elizabeth Deakin and Ally Bechtel and Amber Crabbe and Mary Archer and Shannon Cairns and Andrew Kluter and Kamshing Leung and Jason Ni}, title = {Parking Management and Downtown Land Development in {B}erkeley, {C}alifornia}, year = 2004, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1898, pages = {124--129}, keywords = {parking} } @inproceedings{DeaLat98, author = {Elizabeth Deakin and T.~Lathrop}, year = 1998, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Research Needs in Land Use Modeling and Analysis}, address = {Berkeley, CA, USA}, month = Jun, keywords = {transport modelling, transport planning, urban planning} } @article{Dea75, author = {M.~Dear}, title = {Rapid Transit and Suburban Residential Land Uses}, year = 1975, journal = {Traffic Quarterly}, volume = 29, number = 2, pages = {223--242}, keywords = {land use transport link, transit, urban planning, transport planning} } @article{DeCCoh99, author = {P.~De{C}orla-Souza and H.~Cohen}, title = {Estimating induced travel for evaluation of metropolitan highway expansion}, year = 1999, journal = {Transportation}, volume = 26, pages = {249--262}, keywords = {transport modelling, induced travel} } @article{DelAreBieBorTim98, author = {Benedict G.C.~Dellaert and Theo A.~Arentze and Michel Bierlaire and Aloys W.J.~Borgers and Harry J.P.~Timmermans}, title = {Investigating Consumers' Tendency to Combine Multiple Shopping Purposes and Destinations}, year = 1998, month = May, journal = {Journal of Marketing Research}, volume = 35, pages = {177--188}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/view/00222437/sp040138/04x1816v/0}, keywords = {transport modelling, shopping} } @article{DeL96, author = {Marc De{L}ucchi}, title = {Total Cost of Motor-Vehicle Use}, year = 1996, journal = {Access Magazine}, volume = 8, pages = {7--13}, keywords = {transport planning} } @article{Dew76, author = {Donald Dewees}, title = {The effect of a subway on residential property values in {T}oronto}, year = 1976, journal = {Journal of Urban Economics}, volume = 3, number = 4, pages = {357--369}, keywords = {canada, transport planning, land use transport link} } @incollection{DijSch02, author = {M.~Dijst and W.~Schenkel}, title = {Urban Performance in Perspective}, editor = {M.~Dijst and W.~Schenkel and I.~Thomas}, booktitle = {Governing Cities on the Move: Functional and Management Perspectives on Transformations of European Urban Infrastructures}, year = 2002, pages = {1--18}, publisher = {Ashgate}, address = {Aldershot, UK}, keywords = {urban planning, governance} } @inproceedings{Dil04, author = {Jennifer Dill}, title = {Measuring Network Connectivity for Bicycling and Walking}, year = 2004, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 84th meeting of the Transportation Research Board}, keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, urban planning, transport planning}, url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb/trb2004/TRB2004-001550.pdf} } @book{Dim90, author = {H.~Dimitriou}, title = {Transport Planning for Third World Cities}, year = 1990, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London, UK}, keywords = {transport planning} } @article{Din78, author = {D.~Dingemans}, title = {Rapid Transit and Suburban Residential Land Use}, journal = {Traffic Quarterly}, year = 1978, volume = 32, number = 2, pages = {289--306}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link, transit} } @techreport{DivNewKen96, author = {G.~Diver and Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy}, title = {An evaluation of Better Cities: Environmental Component}, year = 1996, institution = {Government of Australia, Department of Environment, Sport and Territories}, address = {Canberra, Australia}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning} } @article{Dix96, author = {Linda B.~Dixon}, title = {Bicycle and Pedestrian Level-of-Service Performance Measures and Standards for Congestion Management Systems}, year = 1996, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1538, pages = {1--9}, keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning}, url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1538-001.pdf} } @incollection{Doh02, author = {Sean T.~Doherty}, title = {Interactive methods for activity scheduling processes}, year = 2002, booktitle = {Transportation Systems Planning: Methods and Applications}, editor = {K.~Goulias}, address = {New~York City, NY, USA}, publisher = {CRC~Press}, volume = 7, pages = {25--51}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute} } @article{DohAulSwa00, author = {Sean T.~Doherty and Lisa Aultman-Hall and Jill Swaynos}, title = {Commuter Cyclist Accident Patterns in {T}oronto and {O}ttawa}, year = 2000, journal = {Journal of Transportation Engineering}, month = {Jan/Feb}, volume = 126, number = 1, keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle accidents, canada}, pages = {21--26}, abstract = { In this study, self-reported cyclist collision and fall information from a mail-back questionnaire was analyzed for a sample of 2,945 adult cyclists who commute to work/school in Toronto and Ottawa. Analysis focused on incident frequencies by month, time of day, location, road surface condition, and injury level. These results are presented in order to provide a valuable complement to other sources of bicycle incident data obtained primarily from emergency room hospital records. Only a small percentage of collision and fall incidents resulted in a major injury and would therefore be found in a bicycle accident database compiled from emergency room hospital records. Slightly more, 19.2 and 11.7\% of the collisions in Ottawa and Toronto, respectively, were reported to police. The results of the study found that collisions were more sensitive to automobile traffic, whereas falls were more sensitive to the prevailing roadway surface conditions. There was a higher proportion of falls than collisions during the winter months in both cities. However, the severity of injuries from collisions and falls were fairly consistent across time periods. Even when the severity of collisions and falls were considered for different roadway environmental conditions and between roads and off-road, no difference was found. This analysis suggests that minor collisions and falls should be considered in accessing the safety experience of bicyclists. } } @inproceedings{DohAxhGar98, author = {Sean T.~Doherty and Kay W.~Axhausen and Tommy G{\"a}rling and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {A Conceptual Model of the Weekly Household Activity-Travel Scheduling Process}, year = 1998, month = Apr, booktitle = {Network on European Communications and Transport Activities Euroconference}, address = {Israel}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour} } @incollection{DohAxh99, author = {Sean T.~Doherty and Kay W.~Axhausen}, title = {The Development of a Unified Modeling Framework of the Household Activity-Travel Scheduling Process}, year = 1999, booktitle = {Traffic and Mobility: Simulation-Economics-Environment}, editor = {W.~Brilon and F.~Huber and M.~Schreckengerg and H.~Wallentowitz}, pages = {35--56}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin, Germany}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour} } @inproceedings{DohMil97, author = {Sean T.~Doherty and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Tracing the household activity scheduling process using a one week computer-based survey}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Association of Travel Behavior Research: Challenges and Opportunities in Travel Behavior Research and Applications}, year = 1997, month = Sep, address = {Austin, TX, USA}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour} } @inproceedings{DohMil98, author = {Sean T.~Doherty and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Activity patterns derived from a one-week household activity scheduling survey}, year = 1998, month = Jan, booktitle = {Presented at the 77th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour}, } @article{DohMil01, author = {Sean T.~Doherty and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {A Computerized Household Activity Scheduling Survey}, year = 2001, journal = {Transportation}, volume = 27, number = 1, pages = {75--97}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour} } @incollection{DohMilAxhGar02, author = {Sean T.~Doherty and Eric J.~Miller and Kay W.~Axhausen and Tommy G{\"a}rling}, title = {A Conceptual Model of the Weekly Household Activity-Travel Scheduling Process}, year = {2002}, booktitle = {Travel Behaviour: Patterns, Implications and Modelling}, editor = {E.~Stern and I.~Salomon and P.~Bovy}, publisher = {Elgar Publishing}, pages = {148--165}, address = {Cheltenham, UK}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour}, url = {http://www.civ.utoronto.ca/sect/traeng/ilute/chase/downloads/conceptual_paper.pdf} } @article{DohMoh03, author = {Sean T.~Doherty and Abolfazl Mohammadian}, title = {Application of Artificial Neural Network Models to Activity Scheduling Time Horizon}, year = 2003, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1854, pages = {43--49}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, travel behaviour} } @article{DohNemRooMil04, author = {Sean T.~Doherty and Erika Nemeth and Matthew J.~Roorda and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Design and Assessment of the {T}oronto {A}rea Computerized Household Activity Scheduling Survey}, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1894, pages = {140--149}, year = 2004, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, canada, travel behaviour} } @techreport{Don82, author = {P.~Donnelly}, title = {Rail Transit Impact Studies: {A}tlanta, {W}ashington, and {S}an {D}iego}, year = 1982, institution = {Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {transit, urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link} } @techreport{Dor75, author = {D.~Dornbush}, title = {{BART}-Induced Changes in Property Values and Rents: Land Use and Urban Development Projects, Phase I, {BART} Impact Study}, year = 1975, institution = {U.S. Department of Transportation and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {transit, land use transport link, urban form, transport planning, urban planning} } @article{Dow98, author = {R.~Dowling}, title = {Neotraditionalism in the suburban landscape: Cultural geographies of exclusion in {V}ancouver, {C}anada}, year = 1998, journal = {Urban Geography}, volume = 19, number = 2, pages = {105--122}, keywords = {geography, canada} } % Dowling Associates @techreport{DowHolHua02, author = {Richard Dowling and Joseph Holland and Allen Huang}, title = {Guidelines for Applying Microsimulation Modeling Software}, institution = {California Department of Transportation}, address = {Oakland, CA, USA}, year = 2002, keywords = {transport modelling}, url = {http://www.itc-world.com/docs/Caltrans Microsimapps 2002.pdf} } @techreport{DowIreSkaGilStoHorBowDeaDul00, author = {Richard Dowling and Ireson and Skabardonis and Gillen and Stopher and Horowitz and Bowman and Elizabeth Deakin and Dulla}, title = {Predicting Short-Term and Long-Term Air Quality Effects of Traffic-Flow Improvement Projects}, number = {NCHRP 25-21}, institution = {Transportation Research Board}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, year = 2000, keywords = {transport planning}, url = {http://faculty.washington.edu/pwaddell/Models/NCHRP25-21.pdf} } @article{Dow62, author = {Anthony Downs}, title = {The Law of Peak-Hour Expressway Congestion}, year = 1962, journal = {Traffic Quarterly}, volume = 33, pages = {347--362}, keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling} } % Read chapters 1-3 @book{Dow94, author = {Anthony Downs}, title = {New Visions for Metropolitan {A}merica}, year = 1994, publisher = {The Brookings Institution}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {urban planning, equity, zoning, urban politics, smart growth}, annote = { In the first three chapters (the only part I've read), there were some very interesting discussion of growth management policies, equity and racial segregation in the USA. One point I found interesting was the discussion of preferences. In general, Americans want single-family detached houses, auto-based travel, free parking and short travel times. The planning system in many ways guarantees the first two: suburbs have extremely high minimum standards for housing (low density single-family homes), and generally provide generous roads and free parking. The last aspect of preferences cannot be guaranteed due to growth and swamping of existing roads by new travel, discussed at length in the book. This is the aspect I find interesting: the system is inherently biased towards one set of preferences (housing) and limits trading off housing against travel time---if an individual prefers short travel times and is willing to accept ``lower quality'' dense housing in return, that option is rarely available. In other words, this minimum provision limits choices, a point that Andre Sorensen has made repeatedly in his discussions in the course I'm taking. Downs notes that one-third of US households did not live in single-family homes in 1990, and one-third were renters (presumably with substantial overlap). He describes the provision of low-cost housing as a ``trickle-down'' process: since cheap new housing is prohibited, only degraded older houses are available for those who cannot afford the suburban single-family home. This process breaks down when ``net housing construciton is lower than net household formation''---i.e., periods of rapid growth. } } @article{Dow99, author = {Anthony Downs}, title = {Some realities about sprawl and urban decline}, year = 1999, journal = {Housing Policy Debate}, volume = 10, number = 4, pages = {955--974}, keywords = {urban planning} } @article{Dow01, author = {Anthony Downs}, title = {What Does {S}mart {G}rowth Really Mean?}, year = 2001, journal = {Planning}, volume = 67, number = 4, pages = {20--25}, keywords = {urban planning, smart growth} } @techreport{DSB90, author = {{DSB (Danish State Railways)}}, title = {Cykelparkering og cykelcentre: et idekatalog ({C}ycle parking and cycle centres: a catalogue of ideas)}, year = 1990, address = {Copenhagen, Denmark}, institution = {DSB Styregruppen vedr. cykelparkering}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @techreport{DSB91, author = {{DSB (Danish State Railways, S-Togsdivision)}}, title = {Handlingsplan for forbedring af cykelparkering ved {S}-stationer ({P}lan for promotion of cycle parking at {S}-train stations)}, year = 1991, address = {Copenhagen, Denmark}, institution = {DSB Styregruppen vedr. cykelparkering}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @techreport{DTLR01, author = {{Department for {T}ransport, {L}ocal {G}overnment and the {R}egions}}, title = {A Road Safety Good Practice Guide}, year = 2001, address = {London, UK}, institution = {Department for {T}ransport, {L}ocal {G}overnment and the Regions}, url = {http://www.roads.dtlr.gov.uk/roadsafety/goodpractice/18.htm}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } % editor = A. Krieger and W.~Lennertz? @book{DuaPla91, author = {Andr\'{e}s Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk}, title = {Towns and town-making principles}, year = 1991, publisher = {Rizzoli International Publications}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {urban planning} } @article{DuaPla92, author = {Andr\'{e}s Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk}, title = {The second coming of the {A}merican small town}, year = 1992, month = {Winter}, journal = {Wilson Quarterly}, pages = {19--48}, keywords = {new urbanism} } @book{DuaPlaSpe00, author = {Andr\'{e}s Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk and Jeff Speck}, title = {Suburban nation: The rise of sprawl and the decline of the {A}merican dream}, year = 2000, publisher = {North Point Press}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {general interest, urban planning, new urbanism} } @article{Dud01, author = {Michael Quinn Dudley}, title = {Sprawl as Strategy: City Planners Face the Bomb}, year = 2001, journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research}, volume = 21, pages = {52--63}, keywords = {urban form, urban planning, history} } @article{Dun79, author = {S.~Duncan}, title = {Qualitative change in human geography: an introduction}, year = 1979, journal = {Geoforum}, volume = 10, number = {1--4}, keywords = {transport modelling} } @incollection{Dun97, author = {R.~Dunphy}, title = {Toronto: A Pioneering Transit Model in a Suburbanizing Future}, year = 1997, booktitle = {Moving Beyond Gridlock: Traffic and Development}, publisher = {The Urban Land Institute}, pages = {109--124}, keywords = {canada, transit} } @article{DunFis96, author = {R.~Dunphy and K.~Fisher}, title = {Transportation, congestion and density: New insights}, year = 1996, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1552, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning} } @techreport{Dur96, author = {Alan Durning}, title = {The Car and the City}, year = 1996, institution = {Northwest Environment Watch}, annote = {Comparison of Portland, Seattle and Vancouver}, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, canada} } @article{Eas99, author = {R.~Eash}, title = {Destination and mode choice models for nonmotorized travel}, year = 1999, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1674, pages = {1--8}, keywords = {pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, transport modelling}, annote = { Apparently, this talks about the inapplicability of motorized travel models to peds/bikes. } } @book{EchSai01, author = {M.~Echenique and A.~Saint}, title = {Cities for the new millenium}, year = 2001, publisher = {Island Press}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {urban planning} } @techreport{ECO01, author = {{ECONorthwest}}, title = {Metro Urban Centers: An Evaluation of the Density of Development}, year = 2001, month = Jul, institution = {Metro}, address = {Portland, OR}, url = {http://www.metro-region.org/library_docs/land_use/centersreport.pdf}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning} } @book{Edw96, author = {Brian Edwards}, title = {Sustainable architecture: {E}uropean directives and building design}, year = 1996, publisher = {Architectural Press}, address = {Oxford, UK}, keywords = {architecture} } @book{EgeGol98, editor = {M.J.~Egenhofer and R.G.~Golledge}, title = {Spatial and temporal reasoning in geographic information systems}, year = 1998, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {geographic information systems} } @article{ElgKen05, author = {Ilan Elgar and Christopher Kennedy}, title = {Review of Optimal Transit Subsidies: Comparison between models}, year = 2005, month = Jun, journal = {Journal of Urban Planning and Development}, volume = 131, number = 2, pages = {71--78}, keywords = {transit, finance} } @article{ElgMil06, author = {Ilan Elgar and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {A Conceptual Model of Small Office Firm Location}, year = 2006, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1977, pages = {190--196}, keywords = {ilute, transport modelling, location choice} } @article{EllWri82, author = {J.R.~Elliot and C.C.~Wright}, title = {The collapse of parking enforcement in large towns: some causes and solutions}, year = 1982, month = Jun, journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control}, volume = 23, number = 6, pages = {304--310}, keywords = {parking} } @article{ElmBadMil99, author = {A.~Elmi and Daniel A.~Badoe and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Transferability Analysis of Work-Trip Distribution Models}, year = 1999, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1676, pages = {169--176}, keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, canada}, abstract = { An empirical study of the temporal transferability properties of entropy-type trip-distribution models, applied within a fixed geographic region, is presented. Data for the study were drawn from three travel surveys conducted in 1964, 1986, and 1996 in the Toronto region. Very long transfer periods were examined, and a wide variety of model specifications were tested. These specifications ranged from the simple proportional flow model to an occupationally stratified, doubly constrained entropy model, for which spatial separation was measured by highway travel time. These models were estimated using data from 1964 and 1986. The estimated 1964 models were transferred to 1986 and 1996 to predict the distribution of travel. The 1986 models also were transferred to 1996 to predict the distribution of travel. Results showed that the travel-time parameter was not temporally stable. However, pragmatically, the transferred models were found to provide forecasts very comparable to those generated by models estimated in the respective application contexts. Improved model specification consistently resulted in improved precision of the forecasts obtained. In particular, stratification of the data by worker occupation category resulted in models with the best fit to estimation data, as well as forecasts. However, from a decision- oriented perspective, the improvement in precision obtained from additional complexity in specification did not warrant a recommendation for use of more complex models. Thus, the simple, doubly constrained entropy model with spatial separation measured by highway travel time appears satisfactory for use in practical modeling efforts. } } @article{Elv00, author = {Rune Elvik}, title = {Which are the relevant costs and benefits of road safety measures designed for pedestrians and cyclists?}, year = 2000, journal = {Accident Analysis and Prevention}, volume = 32, pages = {37--45}, keywords = {bicycle accidents, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, finance} } @article{Elv01, author = {Rune Elvik}, title = {Improving road safety in {N}orway and {S}weden: analysing the efficiency of policy priorities}, year = 2001, journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control}, volume = 42, number = 1, pages = {9--16}, keywords = {prioritisation, streets, bicycle accidents} } @article{Elv01b, author = {Rune Elvik}, title = {Area-wide urban traffic calming schemes: a meta-analysis of safety effects}, year = 2001, journal = {Accident Analysis and Prevention}, volume = 33, pages = {327--336}, keywords = {pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, traffic calming, bicycle accidents} } @article{EmeCruBor03, author = {J.~Emery and C.~Crump and P.~Bors}, title = {Reliability and validity of two instruments designed to assess the walking and bicycling suitability of sidewalks and roads}, year = 2003, journal = {American Journal of Health Promotion}, volume = 18, number = 1, keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, active transportation} } @techreport{Ene94, author = {{Energy Pathways, Inc.}}, title = {Condominium Parking Standards in {M}ississauga}, year = 1994, institution = {Canadian Mortgage and Housing Association}, address = {Ottawa, ON, Canada}, keywords = {transport planning, parking} } @article{Eng93, author = {Kim V.L.~England}, title = {Suburban Pink Collar Ghettos: the Spatial Entrapment of Women?}, year = 1993, journal = {Annals of the Association of American Geographers}, volume = 83, number = 2, pages = {225--242}, keywords = {equity, gender, urban planning} } @article{Eno02, author = {M.~Enoch}, title = {{UK} Parking Cash Out Experience, and Lessons from {C}alifornia}, year = 2002, journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control}, volume = 48, number = 5, pages = {184--187}, keywords = {parking} } @techreport{EPA00, author = {{U.S.~Environmental Protection Agency}}, title = {Projecting Land-Use Change: A Summary of Models for Assessing the Effects of Community Growth and Change on Land-Use Patterns}, number = {EPA/600/R-00/098}, year = 2000, institution = {U.S.~Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development}, address = {Cincinnati, OH, USA}, keywords = {transport planning}, url = {http://faculty.washington.edu/pwaddell/Models/REPORTfinal2.pdf} } @article{Epp94, author = {Bruce Epperson}, title = {Evaluating suitability of roadways for bicycle use: towards a cycling level-of-service standard}, year = 1994, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1438, pages = {9--16}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @article{Evi95, author = {B.~Evill}, title = {Population, urban density and fuel use: Eliminating the spurious correlation}, year = 1995, journal = {Urban Policy and Research}, volume = 13, number = 1, pages = {29--36}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}, annote = { Demonstrated that NewKen89's approach was sound. } } @article{Ewi95, author = {Reid Ewing}, title = {Measuring Transportation Performance}, year = 1995, journal = {Transportation Quarterly}, volume = 49, number = 1, pages = {91--104}, keywords = {transport planning} } @book{Ewi96, author = {Reid Ewing}, title = {Best Development Practices: Doing the Right Thing and Making Money at the Same Time}, year = 1996, publisher = {The Planners Press}, address = {Chicago, IL, USA}, keywords = {urban planning, bicycle planning} } @book{Ewi97b, author = {Reid Ewing}, title = {Transportation \& Land Use Innovations: When you can't pave your way out of congestion}, year = 1997, publisher = {American Planning Association}, address = {Chicago, IL, USA}, keywords = {land use transport link, urban planning, transport planning} } @techreport{Ewi99, author = {Reid Ewing}, title = {Traffic Calming: State of the Practice}, year = 1999, institution = {Institute of Transportation Engineers/Federal Highway Administration}, keywords = {traffic calming, streets} } @article{Ewi01, author = {Reid Ewing}, title = {Impacts of Traffic Calming}, journal = {Transportation Quarterly}, year = 2001, volume = 55, number = 1, pages = {33--45}, keywords = {urban planning, traffic calming} } @inproceedings{EwiCer01, author = {Reid Ewing and Robert Cervero}, title = {Travel and the built environment---synthesis}, year = 2001, month = Oct, booktitle = {Redefining, reevaluating and reinventing transit: the transportation/land~use/environmental connection}, series = {Annual Policy and Research Symposium Series}, address = {UCLA Conference Center, Lake Arrowhead, CA, USA}, keywords = {transport planning, transit, urban planning} } @article{EwiHalPag94, author = {Reid Ewing and Padma Haliyur and G.~William Page}, title = {Getting Around a Traditional City, a Suburban Planned Unit Development, and Everything in Between}, year = 1994, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1466, pages = {53--62}, keywords = {transport planning, urban form} } @article{EwiKoo97, author = {Reid Ewing and C.~Kooshian}, title = {{U.S.} Experience with Traffic Calming}, year = 1997, month = Aug, journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal}, volume = 8, number = 7, pages = {28--33}, keywords = {traffic calming, streets} } @techreport{EwiPenChe02, author = {Reid Ewing and Rolf Pendall and Don Chen}, title = {Measuring Sprawl and its Impact}, year = 2002, institution = {Smart Growth America}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, url = {http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/sprawlindex/MeasuringSprawl.PDF}, keywords = {urban planning, urban form} } @article{EwiSchGre04, author = {Reid Ewing and William Schroeer and William Greene}, title = {School Location and Student Travel: Analysis of Factors Affecting Mode Choice}, year = 2004, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1895, pages = {55--63}, keywords = { pedestrian planning, bicycle planning} } @article{FagEgy99, author = {Ardeshir Faghri and Erika Egyh{\'a}ziov{\'a}}, title = {Development of a Computer Simulation Model of Mixed Motor Vehicle and Bicycle Traffic on an Urban Road Network}, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1674, year = 1999, pages = {86--93}, keywords = {bicycle planning, transport modelling}, url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1674-012.pdf} } @article{Fai72, author = {Ray Fair}, title = {Disequilibrium in Housing Models}, journal = {Journal of Finance}, volume = 27, number = 2, pages = {207--221}, year = 1972, month = May, keywords = {urban economics} } @techreport{Fee86, author = {B.P.~Feeney}, title = {A Review of the Impact of Parking Policy Measures on Travel Demand}, year = 1986, institution = {Swedish Road and Traffic Research Institute}, type = {VTI Rapport}, number = {308A}, address = {Linkoping, Sweden}, keywords = {parking, transport planning} } @article{Fee89, author = {B.P.~Feeney}, title = {A Review of the Impact of Parking Policy Measures on Travel Demand}, year = 1989, journal = {Transportation Planning and Technology}, volume = 13, pages = {229--234}, keywords = {parking} } @article{FeiRot04, author = {Eran Feitelson and Orit Rotem}, title = {The case for taxing surface parking}, year = 2004, journal = {Transportation Research D}, volume = 9, number = 4, pages = {319--333}, abstract = { Surface parking generates multiple externalities. If left to the market the supply of parking is likely to be suboptimal. But parking requirements ignore most of the externalities. This paper suggests that a tax approach may be a more efficient method to internalize the externalities associated with parking provision, thereby assuring an optimal supply of parking. However, in practice it is infeasible to value all externalities in monetary terms and to set such a tax. Hence, a suboptimal flat surface parking tax is advanced. In addition to its contribution to the reduction of externalities from land cover, this tax is likely to have several noteworthy positive attributes. It is simple to assess. It will provide an incentive for intensifying the use of parking. It may also increase the attractiveness of providing underground parking relative to surface parking, thereby reducing the attractiveness of suburban retail centers relative to central cities. A discussion of implementation issues suggests that a surface parking tax may face relatively low transaction costs. These will be largely a function of the use of revenues. Hence, the use of revenues should be specified when such a tax is proposed. }, keywords = {parking, transport planning } } @inproceedings{Fel94, author = {Martin Fellendorf}, title = {{VISSIM}: {E}in {I}nstrument zur {B}eurteilung verkehrsabh{\"a}ngiger {S}teuerungen}, year = 1994, booktitle = {{T}agungsband zum {K}olloqium ``{V}erkehrsabh{\"a}ngige {S}teuerung am {K}notenpunkt''}, publisher = {{F}orschungsgesellschaft f{\"u}r {S}trassen- und {V}erkehrswesen}, address = {K{\"o}ln (Cologne), Germany}, pages = {58--68}, keywords = {transport modelling}, annote = { This guy is the chief researcher at PTV AG (makers of VISSIM) } } @inproceedings{Fel94b, author = {Martin Fellendorf}, title = {{VISSIM}: A Microscopic Simulation Tool to Evaluate Actuated Signal Control including Bus Priority}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 64th {ITE} Annual Meeting}, year = 1994, month = Oct, publisher = {Institute of Traffic Engineers}, address = {Dallas, TX, USA}, keywords = {transport modelling}, url = {http://www.itc-world.com/docs/1994 ITE VISSIM Bus Priority.pdf} } @article{Fer90, author = {Erik Ferguson}, title = {Transportation Demand Management: Planning, Development and Implementation}, year = 1990, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 56, number = 4, pages = {442--456}, keywords = {transportation demand management, transport planning} } @book{Fer98, author = {Erik Ferguson}, title = {Transportation Demand Management}, year = 1998, publisher = {American Planning Association}, address = {Chicago, IL, USA}, keywords = {transportation demand management} } @incollection{FerDro92, author = {J.~Ferber and A.~Drogoul}, title = {Using reactive multi-agent systems in simulation and problem solving}, year = 1992, editor = {L.~Gasser and N.~Avouris}, booktitle = {Distributed Artificial Intelligence: Theory and practice}, publisher = {Kluwer}, address = {Dordrecht, Germany}, keywords = {computer science} } @book{FHWA89, author = {{U.S.~Federal Highway Administration}}, title = {Highway Statistics 1989}, year = {1989}, publisher = {U.S.~Department of Transportation}, keywords = {transport planning} } @techreport{FGSV96, author = {Forschungsgesellschaft f{\"u}r {S}tra{\ss}en- und {V}erkehrswesen}, title = {Empfehlungen f{\"u}r {R}adverkehrsanlagen {ERA} 95}, year = 1996, institution = {FGSV}, address = {Cologne, Germany}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @book{FHWA91, author = {{U.S.~Federal Highway Administration}}, title = {Highway Statistics 1991}, year = {1991}, publisher = {U.S.~Department of Transportation}, keywords = {transport planning} } @techreport{FHWA99-2, author = {{U.S.~Federal Highway Administration}}, title = {Guidebook on Methods to Estimate Non-Motorized Travel: Supporting Documentation}, year = 1999, number = {FHWA-RD-98-166}, institution = {U.S.~Department of Transportation}, keywords = {transport planning, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning}, url = {http://www.walkinginfo.org/task_orders/to_12/to12/vol2/title.htm} } @techreport{Fie01, author = {R.~Field}, title = {Are You Being Squeezed at Road Narrowings?}, year = 2001, institution = {Cyclists' Touring Club}, address = {Godalming, Surrey, UK}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @article{FieKle93, author = {G.J.~Fielding and D.B.~Klein}, title = {How to Franchise Highways}, year = 1993, journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy}, volume = 27, number = 2, pages = {113--130}, keywords = {transport planning, congestion pricing} } @article{Fil88, author = {Pierre Filion}, title = {The Neighbourhood Improvement Plan, {M}ontreal and {T}oronto: contrasts between a participatory and a centralized approach to urban policy making}, journal = {Urban History Review}, year = 1988, volume = 17, pages = {16--28}, keywords = {urban planning, canada} } @article{Fil95, author = {Pierre Filion}, title = {Planning proposals and urban development trends: can the gap be bridged?}, year = 1995, journal = {Plan Canada}, volume = 35, number = 5, pages = {17--19}, keywords = {urban planning, canada} } @article{Fil99, author = {Pierre Filion}, title = {Rupture or continuity? Modern and postmodern planning in {T}oronto}, journal = {International Journal of Urban and Regional Research}, year = 1999, volume = 23, pages = {423--444}, url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1468-2427.00206}, keywords = {urban planning, canada} } @techreport{FilBunCKPD98, author = {Pierre Filion and Trudi Bunting and {City of Kitchener Planning Department}}, title = {Housing Development Potential in {K}itchener's Core Area: Markets and Recommendations}, year = 1998, institution = {City of Kitchener}, address = {Kitchener, ON, Canada}, keywords = {urban planning, canada} } @book{FilBunCur96, editor = {Pierre Filion and Trudi Bunting and K.~Curtis}, title = {The Dynamics of the Dispersed City: Geographic and Planning Perspective on {W}aterloo {R}egion}, year = 1996, publisher = {University of Waterloo, Department of Geography}, address = {Waterloo, ON, Canada}, keywords = {urban planning, canada} } @article{FilBunWar99, author = {Pierre Filion and Trudi Bunting and K.~Warriner}, title = {The Entrenchment of Urban Dispersion: Residential Preferences and Location Patterns in the Dispersed City}, year = 1999, journal = {Urban Studies}, volume = 36, pages = {1317--1347}, keywords = {urban planning} } @book{Fis76, author = {C.S.~Fischer}, title = {The urban experience}, year = 1976, publisher = {Harcourt, Bruce, Jonavich}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {urban economics} } @article{FitSmi93, author = {F.~Fitzroy and I.~Smith}, title = {Priority Over Pricing: Lessons from {Z}urich on the Redundacy of Road Pricing}, year = 1993, journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy}, volume = 27, number = 2, pages = {207--214}, keywords = {transport planning, congestion pricing} } @book{Fog67, author = {R.~Fogelson}, title = {The Fragmented Metropolis: {L}os {A}ngeles from 1850 to 1930}, year = 1967, publisher = {Harvard University Press}, address = {Cambridge, MA, USA}, keywords = {geography, history, urban planning} } @article{For99, author = {L.~Ford}, title = {Lynch revisited: {N}ew {U}rbanism and theories of good city form}, year = 1999, journal = {Cities}, volume = 16, number = 4, pages = {247--257}, keywords = {urban planning, urban form, new urbanism} } @book{For83, author = {John Forester}, title = {Bicycle Transportation}, year = 1983, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge, MA, USA}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @article{For96, author = {John Forester}, title = {How to make biking a real alternative}, year = 1996, journal = {Transportation and Environment}, volume = 21, pages = {59--61}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @article{For01, author = {John Forester}, title = {The Bicycle Transportation Controversy}, year = 2001, month = {Spring}, journal = {Transportation Quarterly}, volume = 55, number = 2, pages = {7--17}, url = {http://www.johnforester.com/Articles/Facilities/TransQuart01.htm}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @inproceedings{ForColHas97, author = {Jon F.~Forni and Thorburn Colquhoun and David Hasen}, title = {The Use of Coloured Surfacing in Road Layout}, year = 1997, month = Sep, booktitle = {European Transport Forum Annual Meeting, Traffic Management and Road Safety}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, annote = { Quote: Forni, Colquhoun and Hasen reported in 1997 a study of the use of coloured surfacing in road layouts in Europe. They found that the colour red is the most commonly used pavement colour for road safety in Europe. However, colours including yellow and other combination colours have been successfully used to reduce speeds and accidents. The study suggested adopting green coloured surfacing for schemes that aim to identify sections of road for use by certain vehicles such as buses or bicycles. } } @article{ForGleWar96, author = {D.~Forrest and J.~Glen and R.~Ward}, title = {The impacts of a light rail system on the structure of house prices: a hedonic longitudinal study}, year = 1996, journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy}, volume = 30, number = 1, pages = {15--30}, keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning} } @book{For69, author = {J.W.~Forrester}, title = {Urban Dynamics}, year = 1969, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge, MA, USA}, keywords = {urban economics} } @book{ForMiy84, author = {Adrian Forsyth and Ken Miyata}, title = {Tropical Nature}, publisher = {Macmillan}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, year = 1984, keywords = {ecology} } @article{FotWon91, author = {A.~Stewart Fotheringham and D.W.~Wong}, title = {The modifiable areal unit problem and multivariate analysis}, year = 1991, journal = {Environment and Planning A}, volume = 23, pages = {1025--1044}, keywords = {spatial modelling} } @article{Fra84, author = {M.~Francis}, title = {Mapping downtown activity}, year = 1984, journal = {Journal of Architectural and Planning Research}, volume = 1, pages = {21--35}, keywords = {urban planning, pedestrian planning} } @article{Fra94, author = {Lawrence D.~Frank}, title = {Impacts of Mixed Used and Density on Utilization of Three Modes of Travel: Single-Occupant Vehicle, Transit, Walking}, year = 1994, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1466, pages = {44--52}, keywords = {land use transport link, urban form} } @article{Fra98, author = {Lawrence D.~Frank}, title = {Improving Air Quality through Growth Management and Travel Reduction Strategies}, year = 1998, journal = {Journal of Urban Planning and Development}, volume = 124, number = 1, pages = {11--32}, keywords = {transport planning, transportation demand management, urban form, greenhouse gases}, abstract = { Land-use impacts on travel demand and vehicle emissions is emerging as a topic of major interest, as several regions around the nation struggle to demonstrate conformance with the requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA). The implementation of the CAAA threatens the withholding of federal transportation funding from several regions unable to demonstrate the ability to meet milestone reductions in emissions required by the CAAA. A case study of a network of policies emerging in Washington State as part of growth management efforts is presented. These policies, when coupled with federal clean air (CAAA) and surface transportation legislation (ISTEA), provide a framework for the implementation of land-use strategies that are associated with less vehicular travel and emissions. A review of the land development and transportation investment policies espoused in newly adopted local comprehensive plans in the Central Puget Sound Region of Washington State are presented. This review indicates a shift toward planning solutions that could result in reduced vehicle emissions if implemented. } } @article{Fra00, author = {Lawrence D.~Frank}, title = {Land use and transportation interaction: implications on public health and quality of life}, journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research}, year = 2000, month = Sep, volume = 20, number = 1, pages = {6--22}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, active transportation, land use transport link}, url = {http://www.act-trans.ubc.ca/documents/Frank\%20-\%20JPER\%20-\%202000.pdf}, abstract = { Increases in per capita vehicle usage and associated emissions have spawned an increased the examination of the ways in which our communities and regions are developing. Associated with increased vehicle usage are decreased levels of walking and biking, two valid forms of physical activity. The Surgeon General's 1996 report, Physical Activity and Health, highlights the increasing level of physical inactivity as a growing cause of mortality. The costs and benefits of contrasting land development and transportation investment practices have been the subject of considerable debate in the literature. Findings have been refuted based on methodological grounds and inaccurate interpretation of data. Several of these studies, their methodological approaches, and their critiques are analyzed. While most agree that the built environment influences travel, considerable disagreement exists over the likely impacts of increased density, mix, and street connectivity on air quality, transportation system performance, and household activity patterns. } } @article{Fra01, author = {Lawrence D.~Frank}, title = {Transportation, Air Quality and Thinking Big: Pollution Control Requires a Holistic Approach}, year = 2001, journal = {T.R.~News}, volume = 213, pages = {35--37}, keywords = {energy, transport planning, urban planning} } @inproceedings{Fra02, author = {Lawrence D.~Frank}, title = {Land Use and Transportation}, year = 2002, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Environment Research Needs in Transportation}, publisher = {Transportation Research Board}, pages = {127--137}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link} } % More like a magazine than a journal... @article{FraDun98, author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Robert T.~Dunphy}, title = {{S}mart {G}rowth and Transportation}, year = 1998, month = May, journal = {Urban Land}, volume = 76, number = 5, pages = {58--63}, publisher = {Urban Land Institute}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning} } @techreport{FraEng00, author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Peter O.~Engelke}, title = {An Annotated Bibliography of Research on Land Development and Transportation Practices that Impact Physical Activity and Health}, year = 2000, month = Jan, institution = {Active Community Environments}, type = {Working Paper}, number = 2, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, active transportation, urban form, land use transport link, urban planning}, url = {http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/pdf/aces-workingpaper2.pdf} } @article{FraEng01, author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Peter O.~Engelke}, title = {The built environment and human activity patterns: exploring the impacts of urban form on public health}, year = 2001, month = Nov, journal = {Journal of Planning Literature}, volume = 16, number = 2, pages = {202--218}, keywords = {active transportation, urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link}, url = {http://www.act-trans.ubc.ca/documents/Frank\%20and\%20Engelke\%20-\%20JPL\%20-\%202001.pdf}, abstract = { An increasing body of evidence suggests that moderate forms of physical activity (such as walking and bicycling), when engaged in regularly, can have important beneficial effects on public health. This article reviews current public health, planning, and urban design research to determine, first, how walking and bicycling might be critically important exercise behaviors for improving public health, second, how urban form affects the frequency of walking and bicycling as a form of physical activity, and third, how the public health considerations outlined in this article might reorient planners' thinking toward the realization of health-promotive environments. The current lack of emphasis on the interdependencies between built form and overall quality of life, as measured by health, safety, and welfare considerations, suggests the need for a rethinking of public policy approaches to transportation investment and land development. } } @article{FraEng04, author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Peter O.~Engelke}, title = {Multiple Impacts of Urban Form on Public Health}, year = 2004, journal = {International Regional Science Review}, keywords = {active transportation, urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link} } @book{FraEngSch03, author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Peter O.~Engelke and Thomas L.~Schmid}, title = {Health and Community Design: The Impacts of the Built Environment on Physical Activity}, publisher = {Island Press}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, year = 2003, keywords = {active transportation, urban planning, pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, urban form, transport planning, land use transport link} } @techreport{FraEngSchKil01, author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Peter O.~Engelke and Thomas L.~Schmid and Richard E.~Killingsworth}, title = {How Land Use and Transportation Systems Impact Public Health: A Literature Review of the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Built Form}, year = 2001, institution = {Active Community Environments}, number = 1, type = {Working Paper}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, active transportation, land use transport link, urban form}, url = {http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/pdf/aces-workingpaper1.pdf} } @article{FraSalConChaSaeBac06, author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and James F.~Sallis and Terry L.~Conway and James E.~Chapman and Brian E.~Saelens and William Bachman}, title = {Many Pathways from Land Use to Health: Associations between Neighborhood Walkability and Active Transportation, Body Mass Index, and Air Quality}, year = 2006, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 72, number = 1, pages = {75--87}, url = {http://www.act-trans.ubc.ca/documents/JAPA-06-Franketal.pdf}, keywords = {active transportation} } @article{FraSchSalChaSae05, author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Thomas L.~Schmid and James F.~Sallis and James E.~Chapman and Brian E.~Saelens}, title = {Linking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form: Findings from {SMARTRAQ}}, year = 2005, journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine}, volume = 28, number = {2S2}, pages = {117--125}, url = {http://www.act-trans.ubc.ca/documents/jpm-feb05.pdf}, keywords = {active transportation} } @article{FraStoBac00, author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Brian Stone and William Bachman}, title = {Linking land use with household vehicle emissions in the {C}entral {P}uget {S}ound: Methodological framework and findings}, year = 2000, month = May, journal = {Transportation Research D}, volume = 5, number = 3, pages = {173--196}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link}, url = {http://www.act-trans.ubc.ca/documents/Frank\%20et\%20al\%20-\%20TR\%20-\%202000.pdf}, abstract = { A leading cause of air pollution in many urban regions is mobile source emissions that are largely attributable to household vehicle travel. While household travel patterns have been previously related with land use in the literature (Crane, R., 1996. Journal of the American Planning Association 62 (1, Winter); Cervero, R. and Kockelman, C., 1997. Transportation Research Part D 2 (3), 199--219), little work has been conducted that effectively extends this relationship to vehicle emissions. This paper describes a methodology for quantifying relationships between land use, travel choices, and vehicle emissions within the Seattle, Washington region. Our analysis incorporates land use measures of density and mix which affect the proximity of trip origins to destinations; a measure of connectivity which impacts the directness and completeness of pedestrian and motorized linkages; vehicle trip generation by operating mode; vehicle miles/h of travel and speed; and estimated household vehicle emissions of nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide. The data used for this project consists of the Puget Sound Transportation Panel Travel Survey, the 1990 US Census, employment density data from the Washington State Employment Security Office, and information on Seattle's vehicle fleet mix and climatological attributes provided by the Washington State Department of Ecology. Analyses are based on a cross-sectional research design in which comparisons are made of variations in household travel demand and emissions across alternative urban form typologies. Base emission rates from MOBILE5a and separate engine start rates are used to calculate total vehicle emissions in grams accounting for fleet characteristics and other inputs reflecting adopted transportation control measures. Emissions per trip are based on the network distance of each trip, average travel speed, and a multi-stage engine operating mode (cold start, hot start, and stabilized) function. } } @techreport{FreDal88, author = {Jean Frebault and Christiane Dalmais}, title = {Transports en commun et politique urbaine dans l'agglomération {L}yonnaise}, year = 1988, institution = {Agence d'Urbanisme de la Communauté Urbaine de Lyon}, address = {Lyon, France}, keywords = {transport planning} } @book{Fre75, author = {J.~Freedman}, title = {Crowding and behaviour}, year = 1975, publisher = {Viking}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {urban planning} } @incollection{Fri63, author = {M.~Fried}, title = {Grieving for a Lost Home}, year = 1963, booktitle = {The Urban Condition}, editor = {J.~Duhl}, pages = {151--171}, publisher = {Simon \& Schuster}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {sociology, urban planning} } @article{FriGorPee94, author = {B.~Friedman and S.P.~Gordon and J.B.~Peers}, title = {Effects of neotraditional neighborhood design on travel characteristics}, year = 1994, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1466, pages = {63--70}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning} } @book{Fro91, author = {L.~Frost}, title = {The new urban frontier: Urbanisation and city building in {A}ustralasia and the {A}merican {W}est}, year = 1991, publisher = {University of New South Wales Press}, address = {Sydney, Australia}, keywords = {history, urban planning} } @techreport{Fro90, author = {T.~Froitzheim}, title = {Fahrradstationen an {B}ahnofen: {M}odelle, {C}hancen, {R}isiken}, year = 1990, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf, Germany}, institution = {ADFC-Nordrhein-Westfalen}, keywords = {bicycle planning} } @book{FruFraJac04, author = {Howard Frumkin and Lawrence D.~Frank and Richard Jackson}, title = {Urban sprawl and public health: designing, planning, and building for healthy communities}, publisher = {Island Press}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, year = 2004, keywords = {active transportation, urban planning, pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, urban form, transport planning} } @article{FukMor07, author = {D.~Fukuda and S.~Morichi}, title = {Incorporating aggregate behavior in an individual's discrete choice: An application to analyzing illegal bicycle parking behavior}, year = 2007, month = May, journal = {Transportation Research A}, volume = 41, number = 4, pages = {313--325}, keywords = {parking, bicycle planning} } @article{FulMesNolTho00, author = {L.~Fulton and D.~Meszler and R.~Noland and J.~Thomas}, title = {A statistical analysis of induced travel effects in the {U.S.~M}id-{A}tlantic region}, year = 2000, journal = {Journal of Transportation and Statistics}, volume = 3, number = 1, pages = {1--14}, keywords = {induced travel, land use transport link} } @article{Gad85, author = {G.~Gad}, title = {Office location dynamics in {T}oronto: suburbanization and central district specialization}, year = 1985, journal = {Urban Geography}, volume = 6, pages = {331--351}, keywords = {location choice, urban planning, canada, geography} } @article{Gaf03, author = {Philine Gaffron}, title = {The implementation of walking and cycling policies in {B}ritish local authorities}, year = 2003, month = Jul, journal = {Transport Policy}, volume = 10, number = 3, pages = {235--244}, keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning} } @article{GalHanRatWolColFre01, author = {G.~Galster and R.~Hanson and M.~Ratcliffe and H.~Wolman and S.~Coleman and J.~Freihage}, title = {Wrestling sprawl to the ground: Defining and measuring an elusive concept}, year = {2001}, journal = {Housing Policy Debate}, volume = 12, number = 4, pages = {681--717}, keywords = {urban planning, urban form} } @article{GanDea72, author = {C.~Gannon and M.~Dean}, title = {Rapid Transit and Office Development}, year = 1972, journal = {Traffic Quarterly}, volume = 29, number = 2, pages = {223--242}, keywords = {transit, urban planning, land use transport link} } @book{Gan62, author = {H.~Gans}, title = {The Urban Villagers: Group and Class Life in the Life of {I}talian-{A}mericans}, year = 1962, publisher = {Free Press}, address = {Glencoe, NY, USA}, keywords = {sociology, urban planning} } @book{Gan68, author = {H.~Gans}, title = {People and Plans: Essay on Urban Problems and Solutions}, year = 1968, publisher = {Basic}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {sociology, urban planning} } @inproceedings{Gan82, author = {J.Th.~Gantvoort}, title = {Pedestrian planning in the {N}etherlands}, year = 1982, month = Jul, booktitle = {World Developments in Pedestrian Planning}, address = {Glasgow, UK}, keywords = {urban planning} } @article{GarLedPul98, author = {Per G{\aa}rder and Lars Leden and Urho Pulkkinen}, title = {Measuring the Safety Effect of Raised Bicycle Crossings Using a New Research Methodology}, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1636, year = 1998, pages = {64--70}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1636-010.pdf} } @techreport{Gar98, author = {G.~Gardner}, title = {Transport implications of leisure cycling}, year = 1998, number = 347, address = {London, UK}, institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, abstract = { This research considers the links between leisure cycling, purely for the enjoyment of it, and cycling for more utility purposes, such as to work. Surveys of more than 500 leisure cyclists, non-cyclists and those who cycle to work have been completed along with depth interviews and discussion groups. The main focus of the work is to understand what are the differences between the perceptions of leisure cycling and utility cycling and to determine how this might be overcome in order to increase the use of cycling for utility journeys. Recommendations are made of the type of facility and promotional means that might encourage more people to move from leisure cycling to utility cycling. } } @book{Gar91, author = {Joel Garreau}, title = {Edge City: Life on the New Frontier}, year = 1991, publisher = {Anchor Doubleday}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {urban planning, urban politics} } @book{Gat83, author = {A.C.~Gatrell}, title = {Distance and Space: A Geographical Perspective}, year = 1983, publisher = {Clarendon Press}, address = {Oxford, UK}, keywords = {spatial modelling} } @article{GatSmi93, author = {D.~Gatzlaff and M.~Smith}, title = {The impact of the {M}iami {M}etrorail on the value of residences near station locations}, year = 1993, journal = {Land Economics}, volume = 69, number = 1, pages = {54--66}, keywords = {land use transport link, transit, transport planning} } @book{Geh71, author = {Jan Gehl}, title = {Livet mellom husene (Life between buildings)}, year = 1971, publisher = {Kunstakademiets arkitekth{\o}gskole}, address = {Copenhagen, Denmark}, keywords = {urban planning} } @article{Geh80, author = {Jan Gehl}, title = {The Residential Street Environment}, year = 1980, journal = {Built Environment}, volume = 6, number = 1, pages = {51--61}, keywords = {urban planning, pedestrian planning} } @article{Geh86, author = {Jan Gehl}, title = {Soft Edges in Residential Streets}, year = 1986, month = May, journal = {Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research}, volume = 3, number = 2, pages = {89--102}, keywords = {urban planning, pedestrian planning} } @book{Geh87, author = {Jan Gehl}, title = {Life Between Buildings: Using Public Space}, year = 1987, publisher = {Van Nostrand Reinhold}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {urban planning, urban design, pedestrian planning} } % Read a few chapters of this online - quite good. @book{Geh01, author = {Jan Gehl}, title = {Life between buildings}, year = 2001, edition = {4th}, publisher = {Arkitektens Forlag}, address = {Copenhagen, Denmark}, keywords = {urban planning}, url = {http://www.rudi.net/bookshelf/classics/lifebetweenbuildings/index.shtml} } @techreport{GehGem96, author = {Jan Gehl and L.~Gemz{\o}e}, title = {Public spaces, public life}, year = 1996, institution = {City of Copenhagen}, address = {Copenhagen, Denmark}, keywords = {urban planning} } @inproceedings{Ger99, author = {Christian Gerondeau}, title = {Moving Peopl and Goods in Europe}, booktitle = {Driving {A}merica Conference}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, year = 1999, keywords = {transport planning, transit} } %Bereikbaarheidsmaten: review en case studies; Beoordeling van %bereikbaarheidseffecten van ruimtelijk-infrastructurele scenario's, %en gerelateerde sociale en economische effecten %{R}ijksinstituut {V}oor {V}olksgezondheid en {M}ilieu % (National Institution for Public Health and the Environment)}, @techreport{GeuRit02, author = {K.T.~Geurs and Ritsema van Eck, J.R.}, title = { Accessibility measures: review and applications; Evaluation of accessibility impacts of land-use transportation scenarios, and related social and economic impact)}, year = 2002, month = Jun, institution = {National Institution for Public Health and the Environment}, address = {Bilthoven, The Netherlands}, number = 408505006, abstract = { This report describes an extensive literature study and three case studies aimed at reviewing accessibility measures for their ability to evaluate the accessibility impacts of national land-use and transport scenarios, and related social and economic impacts. Several activity- and utility-based accessibility measures were computed to analyse job accessibility by car and public transport in the Netherlands for: (1) the (base) year 1995, (2) a Trend, or business-as-usual, scenario, representing the continuation of (restrictive) Dutch land-use policies and historical land-use trends for 1995-2020, (2) a Tolerant scenario, representing a land-use scenario, in which consumers' housing preferences determine land-use developments for 1995-2020. The scenarios are based on calculations using national land-use models and a national transport model. The main conclusion arising from this study is that the current Dutch practice of evaluating the (infrastructure-based) accessibility impacts of (land-use) transport projects, plans or scenarios can be improved by estimating activity-based accessibility measures, using existing land-use and transport data, and/or models. Activity-based accessibility measures are very well able to analyse accessibility impacts, satisfactorily incorporate the different components of accessibility (i.e. the transport, land-use, temporal and individual components) and serve as a useful tool for analysing social impacts. Utility-based accessibility measures may provide a useful basis for economic evaluations of land-use transport scenarios, but further research is necessary to analyse the added value to existing evaluation methods. }, url = {http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/408505006.html}, keywords = {transport modelling, accessibility} } @article{GhaWilDarJon98, author = {Nasir Gharaibeh and Cynthia Wilson and Michael Darter and George Jones}, title = {Development of a Bike Path Management System for the {U}niversity of {I}llinois at {U}rbana-{C}hampaign}, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1636, year = 1998, pages = {56--63}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1636-009.pdf} } @article{GilMcC94, author = {K.~Gilbert and M.~Mc{C}arthy}, title = {Deaths of cyclists in {L}ondon 1985--92: the hazards of road traffic}, year = 1994, month = Jun, journal = {British Medical Journal}, volume = 308, pages = {1534--1537}, keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle accidents} } @article{Gil77, author = {David W.~Gillen}, title = {Estimation and Specification of the Effects of Parking Costs on Urban Transport Mode Choice}, year = 1977, journal = {Journal of Urban Economics}, volume = 4, pages = {186--199}, keywords = {parking} } @article{Gil78, author = {David W.~Gillen}, title = {Parking Policy, Parking Location Decisions and the Distribution of Congestion}, year = 1978, journal = {Transportation}, volume = 7, number = 1, pages = {69--86}, keywords = {parking, transport planning} } @article{Gil93, author = {David W.~Gillen}, title = {Investing in Infrastructure: will it really yield a more competitive nation?}, year = 1993, journal = {ITS Review}, volume = 16, number = 3, pages = {2--3}, keywords = {finance} } % Read chapters 1,10 @book{Gil02, author = {Oliver Gillham}, title = {The Limitless City: A Primer on the Urban Sprawl Debate}, year = 2002, publisher = {Island Press}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}, priority = 2, annote = { Seems reasonable, with a more balanced coverage of the debate than others (GorRic97, even Ewi97). } } @article{Giu89, author = {Genevieve Giuliano}, title = {New directions for understanding transportation and land use}, year = 1989, journal = {Environment and Planning A}, volume = 21, pages = {145--159}, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link} } @article{Giu95, author = {Genevieve Giuliano}, title = {The Weakening Transportation-Land Use Connection}, year = 1995, journal = {Access Magazine}, volume = 6, pages = {3--11}, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link} } @article{GiuSma91, author = {Genevieve Giuliano and Kenneth A.~Small}, title = {Subcenters in the {L}os {A}ngeles Region}, year = 1991, journal = {Regional Science and Urban Economics}, volume = 21, number = 2, pages = {163--182}, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning} } @article{GiuSma93, author = {Genevieve Giuliano and Kenneth A.~Small}, title = {Is the journey to work explained by urban structure?}, year = 1993, journal = {Urban Studies}, volume = 30, pages = {1485--1500}, keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link} } @article{Gla00, author = {E.L.~Glaeser}, title = {Cities and ethics: An essay for {J}ane {J}acobs}, year = 2000, journal = {Journal of Urban Affairs}, volume = 22, number = 4, pages = {473--493}, keywords = {urban planning} } @inproceedings{God00, author = {Tom Godefrooj}, title = {Segregation or Integration? {T}he {D}utch approach}, year = 2000, booktitle = {Proceedings of Velo Mondiale 2000}, address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands}, keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle segregation}, url = {http://www.velomondial.net/velomondiall2000/PDF/GODEFROO.PDF} } @book{Goe94, author = {Sally Goerner}, title = {Chaos and the Evolving Ecological Universe}, year = 1994, address = {Langhorne, PA, USA}, publisher = {Gordon and Breach}, keywords = {mathematics, ecology} } @book{Goe99, author = {Sally Goerner}, title = {After the Clockwork Universe: The Emerging Science and Culture of Integral Society}, year = 1999, address = {Edinburgh, UK}, publisher = {Floris}, keywords = {mathematics, sociology} } @book{GolMer86, author = {Michael A.~Goldberg and John Mercer}, title = {The Myth of the {N}orth {A}merican City}, year = 1986, address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada}, publisher = {University of British Columbia Press}, keywords = {urban planning} } @article{GolYanHar02, author = {J.~Golias and G.~Yannis and M.~Harvatis}, title = {Off-street parking choice sensitivity}, year = 2002, journal = {Transportation Planning and Technology}, volume = 25, number = 4, pages = {333--348}, keywords = {parking} } @article{Gom91, author = {Jose A.~Gomez-Iba{\~n}ez}, title = {A Global View of Automobile Dependence}, year = 1991, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, pages = {376--379}, volume = 57, number = 3, keywords = { transport planning }, annote = {Book review (of NewKen89?)} } @article{GomMey90, author = {Jose A.~Gomez-Iba{\~n}ez and J.~Meyer}, title = {Privatizing and Deregulating Local Public Services: Lessons from {B}ritain's Buses}, year = 1990, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, pages = {9--21}, volume = 56, number = 1, keywords = { transit, transport planning, finance } } @mastersthesis{Gon80, author = {L.S.Q.~Gonzales}, title = {Short run bus transit planning: demand prediction at the route level}, year = 1980, type = {{S.M.}~thesis}, school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering}, address = {Cambridge, MA, USA}, keywords = {transport planning} } @article{Goo89, author = {Phil Goodwin}, title = {The `Rule of Three': A Possible Solution to the Political Problem of Competing Objectives for Road Pricing.}, year = 1989, month = Oct, journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control}, volume = 30, number = 10, keywords = {congestion pricing} } @article{Goo92, author = {Phil Goodwin}, title = {A review of demand elasticities with special reference to short and long run effects of price changes}, year = 1992, journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy}, volume = 26, number = 2, pages = {155--169}, keywords = {transport planning} } @article{Goo96, author = {Phil Goodwin}, title = {Empirical Evidence on Induced Traffic}, year = 1996, journal = {Transportation}, volume = 23, number = 1, pages = {35--54}, keywords = { induced travel, land use transport link } } @incollection{Goo98, author = {Phil Goodwin}, title = {The End of Equilibrium}, year = 1998, booktitle = {Theoretical Foundations of Travel Choice Modelling}, editor = {T.~G{\aa}rling and T.~Laitila and K.~Westin}, publisher = {Pergamon Press}, address = {Oxford, UK}, keywords = {transport modelling} } @article{GooDarHan04, author = {Phil Goodwin and J.~Dargay and M.~Hanly}, title = {Elasticities of road traffic and fuel consumption with respect to price and income: a review}, year = 2004, journal = {Transport Reviews}, volume = 24, number = 3, pages = {275--292}, keywords = {transport modelling} } @article{GooNol03, author = {Phil Goodwin and Robert B.~Nolan}, title = {Building new roads really does create extra traffic: a response to {P}rakesh et al.}, year = 2003, month = Sep, journal = {Applied Economics}, volume = 35, number = 13, abstract = { A recent article by Prakash et al. (Applied Economics, 33, 1579-85, 2001) asserted that induced travel effects do not occur. This paper is criticized on several grounds. It disregards much of the recent work in this area that has empirically estimated induced travel relationships. The models specified are inappropriate for properly addressing this question, both in their use of road expenditure data (based on a misunderstanding of how this may relate to traffic growth) and specification of a model that does not account for other variables that generally have a large effect on traffic growth (notably population and income growth). The evidence in the literature is summarized and an analysis of UK road expenditure data shows that expenditure is not a good measure of actual road capacity that is built. }, keywords = { transport planning, urban planning } } @book{Gor91, author = {D.~Gordon}, title = {Steering a New Course: Transportation, Energy, and the Environment}, year = 1991, publisher = {Island Press}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {transport planning, energy} } @article{GorRic89, author = {Peter Gordon and Harry Richardson}, title = {Gasoline Consumption and Cities: A Reply}, year = 1989, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 55, number = 3, pages = {342--345}, keywords = {urban planning, urban form, transport planning, energy, land use transport link} } @article{GorRic96, author = {Peter Gordon and Harry Richardson}, title = {Beyond Polycentricity: The Dispersed Metropolis, {L}os {A}ngeles, 1970--1990}, year = 1996, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 62, number = 3, pages = {161--173}, keywords = {urban planning, urban form} } @article{GorRic97b, author = {Peter Gordon and Harry Richardson}, title = {Where's the Sprawl?}, year = 1997, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = 63, number = 1, pages = {275--278}, keywords = {urban planning, urban form} } @article{GorRic98, author = {Peter Gordon and Harry Richardson}, title = {Bicycling in the {U}nited {S}tates: A Fringe Mode?}, journal = {Transportation Quarterly}, year = 1998, month = {Winter}, volume = 52, number = 1, pages = {9--11}, keywords = { bicycle planning } } @article{GorRicJun91, author = {Peter Gordon and Harry Richardson and Myung-Jin Jun}, title = {The Commuting Paradox: Evidence from the Top Twenty}, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, year = 1991, volume = 57, number = 4, pages = {416--420}, keywords = { transport planning } } @mastersthesis{Gor96, author = {R.~Gorham}, title = {Regional Planning and Travel Behavior: A Comparative Study of the {S}an {F}rancisco and {S}tockholm Metropolitan Regions}, year = 1996, school = {Department of City and Regional Planning, University of California}, address = {Berkeley, CA, USA}, keywords = {urban planning, transport planning} } @article{Gra00, author = {Stephen Graham}, title = {Constructing Premium Network Spaces}, year = 2000, journal = {International Journal of Urban and Regional Research}, volume = 24, number = 1, pages = {182--200}, url = {http://estia.arch.auth.gr/Courses/2U2-18/files/Graham_Network_spaces_2000.pdf}, keywords = {geography, transport planning} } @techreport{GraTasPog02, author = {Fanis Grammenos and Julie Tasker-{B}rown and Soxag Pogharian}, title = {Residential Street Pattern Design}, year = 2002, series = {Socio-economic Series}, number = 75, institution = {Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation}, address = {Ottawa, ON, Canada}, url = {http://kn.fcm.ca/file_download.php?URL_ID=3159&filename=10369596040socio75-e.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=1350698&name=socio75-e.pdf&location=user-S/}, keywords = {urban planning, canada, pedestrian planning, bicycle planning} } @book{Gra89, author = {Roberta B.~Gratz}, title = {The living city}, year = 1989, publisher = {Simon \& Schuster}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {urban planning, ecology} } % PBQD VP @book{Gra03, author = {Sigurd Grava}, title = {Urban Transportation Systems: Choices for Communities}, year = 2003, publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, address = {New York City, NY, USA}, keywords = {transport planning} } @techreport{GraVanPic94, author = {S.~Gray and C.~Vance and M.P.~Pickett}, title = {Special parking areas in {L}ondon}, year = 1994, institution = {Transport Research Laboratory}, address = {London, UK}, number = {TRL-97-279}, keywords = {parking} } @book{GreJam93, author = {R.~Green and O.~James}, title = {Rail Transit Station Area Development: Small Area Modeling in {W}ashington, {D.C.}}, year = 1993, publisher = {M.E.~Sharpe Publishers}, address = {Armonk, NY, USA}, keywords = {urban planning, transit} } @misc{Gua02, author = {Jeffrey Guan}, title = {Synthesizing Family Relationships Between Individuals for the {ILUTE} Micro-simulation Model}, year = 2002, howpublished = {B.A.Sc. thesis, University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering}, address = {Toronto, ON, Canada}, keywords = {ilute, transport modelling} } @techreport{GutDavGar01, author = {N.~Guthrie and D.G.~Davies and G.~Gardner}, title = {Cyclist's assessments of road and traffic conditions: the development of a cyclability index}, year = 2001, number = 490, address = {London, UK}, institution = {Transport Research Laboratory Limited}, keywords = {bicycle planning}, abstract = { This project examined the factors that determine how suitable a road is for cycling (its level of service for cycling, here termed `cyclability'). Using a specially equipped instrumented bicycle, 51 cyclists road a 9.2km route and made subjective assessments of the `cyclability' of its 11 links. The authors then tried to explain the subjective scores in terms of objective road and traffic data. These included road width, surface quality, traffic flow and speed, passing distance, gradient, `lateral conflict', effort and aesthetics. This approach has potential applications in the field of cycle route planning as it can provide engineers with reassurance that certain types of conditions are likely to be deemed satisfactory by the majority of cyclists. } } @article{GuyGraMar97, author = {S.~Guy and Stephen Graham and Simon Marvin}, title = {Splintering networks: cities and technical networks in 1990s {B}ritain}, year = 1997, journal = {Urban Studies}, volume = 34, number = 2, pages = {191--216}, keywords = {geography} } @inproceedings{HabElgMil06, author = {Khandker M.N.~Habib and Ilan Elgar and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Stress Triggered Household Decision to Change Dwelling: A Simultaneous Dynamic Approach}, year = 2006, month = Aug, booktitle = {Presented at the 11th International Association for Travel Behaviour Research Conference}, address = {Kyoto, Japan}, keywords = {travel behaviour, transport modelling, ilute} } @inproceedings{HabMil06, author = {Khandker M.N.~Habib and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Modelling Activity Generation: A Utility Based Model for Activity-Travel Demand}, year = 2006, month = Aug, booktitle = {Presented at the 11th International Association for Travel Behaviour Research Conference}, address = {Kyoto, Japan}, keywords = {travel behaviour, transport modelling, ilute} } @article{HabMil06b, author = {Khandker M.N.~Habib and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Modelling Individuals' Frequency and Time Allocation Behaviour for Shopping Activities Considering Household Level Random Effects}, year = 2006, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = {forthcoming}, keywords = {travel behaviour, transport modelling, ilute} } @article{HabMil06c, author = {Khandker M.N.~Habib and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Modelling Skeletal Components of Workers' Daily Activity Schedules}, year = 2006, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = {forthcoming}, keywords = {travel behaviour, transport modelling, ilute} } @article{Hag70, author = {T.~H{\"a}gerstrand}, title = {What about people in regional science?}, year = 1970, journal = {Papers of the Regional Science Association}, volume = 24, number = 7, pages = {7--21}, annote = {About activity-based vs. trip-based travel modelling}, keywords = {spatial modelling, transport modelling} } @incollection{Hag75, author = {T.~H{\"a}gerstrand}, title = {Space, time and human conditions}, year = 1975, editor = {A.~Karlqvist and L.~Lundqvist and F.~Snickars}, booktitle = {Dynamic Allocation of Urban Space}, publisher = {Saxon House}, address = {Farnborough, UK}, pages = {3--12}, keywords = {spatial modelling, transport modelling} } @article{Hag75b, author = {T.~H{\"a}gerstrand}, title = {Survival and arena: on the life-history of individuals in relation to their geographical environment}, year = 1975, journal = {Monadnock}, volume = 49, pages = {9--29}, keywords = {spatial modelling} } @incollection{Hag95, author = {T.~H{\"a}gerstrand}, title = {Action in the physical everyday world}, year = 1995, editor = {A.D.~Cliff and P.~Gould and A.~Hoare and N.~Thrift}, booktitle = {Diffusing Geography: Essays for {P}eter {H}aggett}, publisher = {Blackwell}, address = {Oxford, UK}, keywords = {spatial modelling} } @phdthesis{Hai03, author = {Murtaza Haider}, title = {Spatio-temporal Modelling of Housing Starts in the {G}reater {T}oronto {A}rea}, year = 2003, school = {University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering}, address= {Toronto, ON, Canada}, keywords = {spatial modelling, ilute, canada}, url = {http://www.regionomics.com/Research/Doctoral/Thesis.htm} } @inproceedings{HaiMil99, author = {Murtaza Haider and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Effects of Transportation Infrastructure and Locational Elements on Residential Real Estate Values}, year = 1999, month = Jan, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Annual Transportation Research Board Conference}, address = {Washington, D.C., USA}, keywords = {spatial modelling, ilute, urban planning, land use transport link}, url = {http://www.regionomics.com/Research/trb_99.PDF}, } @article{HaiMil00, author = {Murtaza Haider and Eric J.~Miller}, title = {Effects of Infrastructure and Locational Elements on Residential Real Estate Values: An Application of Autoregressive Techniques}, year = 2000, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1722, pages = {1--8}, abstract = { Proximity to transportation infrastructure (highways and public transit) influences residential real estate values. Housing values also are influenced by propinquity to a shopping facility or a recreational amenity. Spatial autoregressive (SAR) models were used to estimate the impact of locational elements on the price of residential properties sold during 1995 in the Greater Toronto Area. A large data set consisting of 27,400 freehold sales was used in the study. Moran's I was estimated to determine the effects of spatial autocorrelation that existed in housing values. SAR models, using a combination of locational influences, neighborhood characteristics, and structural attributes, explained 83\% variance in housing values. Using the ``comparable sales approach,'' a spatiotemporal lag variable was estimated for every property in the database. This research discovered that SAR models offered a better fit than nonspatial models. This study also discovered that in the presence of other explanatory variables, locational and transportation factors were not strong determinants of housing values. On the other hand, the number of washrooms and the average household income in a neighborhood were found to be significant determinants of housing values. Stepwise regression techniques were used to determine reduced spatial hedonic models. }, keywords = {ilute, canada, urban planning, land use transport link} } @article{HaiMil04, author = {Murtaza Haider}, title = {Modeling Location Choices of Housing Builders in the {G}reater {T}oronto, {C}anada, {A}rea}, year = 2004, journal = {Transportation Research Record}, volume = 1898, pages = {148--156}, keywords = {spatial modelling, ilute, canada, urban planning} } @book{Hai90, author = {R.P.~Haining}, title = {Spatial Data Analysis in the Social and Environmental Sciences}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, year = 1990, keywords = {spatial modelling} } @article{Hal02, author = {Derek Halden}, title = {Using Accessibility Measures to Integrate Land Use and Transport Policy In {E}dinburgh and {L}othians}, year = 2002, month = Oct, journal = {Transport Policy}, volume = 9, number = 4, pages = {313--324}, keywords = {transport modelling, accessibility} } % Read chapter 9: the city on the highway @book{Hal88, author = {Peter Hall}, title = {Cities of Tomorrow: An Intellectua