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@COMMENT{{Command line: /usr/bin/bib2bib -ob people_todd_litman.bib -c 'author: "Todd.*Litman"' ref.bib}}
@TECHREPORT{LitEnc,
author = {Todd A.~Litman},
title = {Online Transportation Demand Management Encylopedia},
year = 2005,
institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute},
address = {Victoria, BC, Canada},
url = {http://www.vtpi.org/tdm/index.php},
rating = 5,
status = {read},
keywords = {transportation demand management, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, transit, urban form, parking, urban economics, finance, prioritisation, accessibility }
}
@ARTICLE{Lit01,
author = {Todd A.~Litman},
title = {Generated Traffic and Induced Travel: Implications for
Transport Planning},
year = 2004,
journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal},
month = APR,
pages = {38--47},
volume = 71,
number = 4,
url = {http://www.vtpi.org/gentraf.pdf},
keywords = {transport planning, induced travel},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{Lit02,
author = {Todd A.~Litman},
title = {Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis: Techniques,
Estimates and Implications},
year = 2002,
institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute},
address = {Victoria, BC, Canada},
keywords = {transportation demand management, finance, environmental economics},
url = {http://www.vtpi.org/tca},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{Lit04,
author = {Todd A.~Litman},
title = {Pay-As-You-Drive Pricing for Insurance Affordability},
year = 2004,
month = MAY,
institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute},
address = {Victoria, BC, Canada},
keywords = {transportation demand management, equity, insurance},
url = {http://www.vtpi.org/payd_aff.pdf},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{Lit04b,
author = {Todd A.~Litman},
title = {Parking Requirements Impacts on Housing Affordability},
year = 2004,
month = JUN,
institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute},
address = {Victoria, BC, Canada},
keywords = {parking, urban planning, transportation demand management, equity},
url = {http://vtpi.org/park-hou.pdf},
status = {read},
annote = {
A very interesting read. Litman raises a number of issues
associated with housing that I hadn't considered---my first
reaction is to question Vancouver's downtown development patterns.
Are parking requirements responsible for the tower fad, by making
townhouse and four-story apartment development uneconomic for
developers? On interesting bit of trivia: curb cuts reduce
onstreet parking capacity. His parking management solutions
are quite valuable and innovative ideas, and the studies he cites
in Victoria and Mississauga are useful; I should follow up on all
of his references. Of the management solutions, the two ideas I
found novel were: shared parking, where apartments and businesses
share spaces due to opposite peak demand times - very practical for
residential downtowns; transportation management associations, where a
neighbourhood organisation is formed to trade parking in a
neighbourhood.
I was initially convinced by his
arguments about reducing developer incentive to create low-income
housing, but I'm now a little skeptical; figure 12, in particular,
says to me that in a scenario where 0 parking spaces are required,
developers will have a huge incentive to produce high income
housing, since the relative profit difference will be so much
greater. Of course, this ignores the entire demand side of the
equation. Overall, I think more analysis is needed to determine the
real effect on developers.
}
}
@TECHREPORT{Lit04c,
author = {Todd A.~Litman},
title = {Comprehensive Evaluation of Rail Transit Benefits},
year = 2004,
institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute},
address = {Victoria, BC, Canada},
keywords = {transport planning, transit, rail},
url = {http://www.vtpi.org/railben.pdf},
annote = {
Some interesting analysis. It's primarily a critique of another
paper, ``Great Rail Disasters'' by Randal O'Toole, which I'm not
familiar with; apparently, the paper condemns rail transit as cost
ineffective, but its analysis is fundamentally flawed. In the end,
the flaws boil down to two differences: 1) O'Toole values mobility
more than accessibility; and 2) he's quite ready to distort
statistics to make an argument.
Probably the most interesting part of his analysis is Figure 13,
showing that ``in Bus Only and Small Rail cities, traffic
congestion costs tend to increase with city size [...] but Large
Rail cities do not follow this pattern. They have substantially
lower congestion costs than comparable size cities. As a result,
New York and Chicago have about half the per capita congestion
delay as Los Angeles.''
Tables 6 and 7 is also very interesting, showing the total subsidy
to bus and rail systems, and a lower bound on the total benefits
from each.
Litman's notes comparing bus rapid transit and rail are interesting,
particularly his statistic showing that people are more willing to
stand on rail systems, allowing more passengers per vehicle. His
notes that rail does not subtract from bus systems are also
interesting, showing that cities with large and small rail tend to
spend more per-capita on transit, and hence that rail does not
necessarily reduce bus system performance. (Although I'm sure there
are cases where that happens!)
I still have some questions about one part of his analysis: his
argument proceeds by defining ``large rail'' cities as those with
transit mode share of 20\%+ with rail making up more than half of
the transit trips. He then argues that these cities have lower
vehicle-miles, higher transit trips, etc., typically due to the land
use impacts of the rail systems. However, there are elements of a
circular argument here: it's possible that the causation runs in
the other direction, and land uses cause higher transit mode share,
and hence shift certain cities into the large rail category.
(Personally, I don't believe that's the case---I think that rail
does cause denser land use. But the argument may need to be
rephrased to make this unambiguous.) I need to think about this
more before I can be certain that there actually is a flaw in his
reasoning, though. Regardless, I don't think it's a big flaw---it's
a difficult subject to tackle perfectly, and his analysis is
generally quite sound.
Litman includes a reference to the spreadsheet containing his
calculations! This could be quite useful for learning how this
analysis is done.
},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{LitBlaDemEddFriLaiMadFor02,
author = {Todd A.~Litman and Robin Blair and Bill Demopoulos and Nils
Eddy and Anne Fritzel and Danelle Laidlaw and Heath Maddox and
Katherine Forster},
title = {Pedestrian and Bicycle Planning: A Guide to Best Practices},
year = 2002,
institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute},
address = {Victoria, BC, Canada},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning},
url = {http://www.vtpi.org/nmtguide.doc},
status = {read}
}
@TECHREPORT{WilWalHarGriLit04,
author = {John Williams and Tom Walsh and David Harkey and Glenn Grigg
and Todd Litman},
title = {Wisconsin Bicycle Facility Design Handbook},
year = 2004,
url = {http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/projects/state/docs/bike-facility.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pavement marking, traffic calming, traffic controls},
institution = {Wisconsin Department of Transportation},
address = {Madison, WI, USA},
rating = 4,
status = {read},
annote = {
A very good, modern approach to bicycle facility design, from a
North American perspective. Some really excellent diagrams of
traffic calming designs; a good description of right-turn conflicts
(p.~3-20).
}
}
@ARTICLE{Lit05,
author = {Todd Litman},
title = {Efficient vehicles versus efficient transportation: comparing
transportation energy conservation strategies},
year = 2005,
journal = { Transport Policy},
volume = 12,
number = 2,
pages = {91--184},
keywords = { energy }
}
@TECHREPORT{MilLitRoo02,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Todd Litman and Matthew J.~Roorda},
title = {Study of the Environmental Benefits of an {I}ntegrated
{M}obility {S}ystem ({IMS}) in the {G}reater {T}oronto {A}rea},
year = 2002,
month = NOV,
institution = {Joint Program in Transportation},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {transport planning, transit, canada}
}
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