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@comment{{Command line: /usr/bin/bib2bib -ob keyword_urban_politics.bib -c 'keywords: "urban politics"' ref.bib}}
@article{Ban04,
author = {David Banister},
title = {Implementing the Possible?},
year = 2004,
month = dec,
journal = {Planning Theory \& Practice},
volume = 5,
number = 4,
pages = {499--501},
keywords = {congestion pricing, urban politics},
status = {read}
}
@mastersthesis{Cal99,
author = {Beth Callister},
title = {Vancouver area bicycle groups: approaches and effectiveness},
school = {University of British Columbia, School of Community and
Regional Planning},
year = 1999,
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
annote = {
An interesting little essay, including some historical facts about
Vancouver cycling groups that I wasn't aware of, such as the
fact that BEST was originally an offshoot of Bicycle People.
Too bad there's no online copy... reading it on microfiche on
UBC campus is a pain.
},
keywords = {activism, bicycle planning, urban politics, canada},
status = {read}
}
@book{Dav02,
author = {Mike Davis},
title = {Dead Cities and other tales},
year = 2002,
publisher = {The New Press},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
keywords = {general interest, history, sociology, urban planning, urban politics},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Dav02/index.html },
status = {read}
}
@article{Dow05,
author = {Anthony Downs},
title = {Smart {G}rowth: Why We Discuss It More Than We Do It},
year = 2005,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 71,
number = 4,
pages = {367--378},
status = {read},
keywords = { transport planning, urban form, transit, land use transport link, urban politics, smart growth }
}
@article{Fil00,
author = {Pierre Filion},
title = {Balancing Concentration and Dispersion? Public Policy and
Urban Structure in {T}oronto},
year = 2000,
journal = {Environment and Planning C},
volume = 18,
pages = {163--189},
status = {read},
quality = 5,
keywords = { canada, urban planning, geography, urban politics, toronto },
annote = {
An excellent, detached and comprehensive overview of postwar trends
in the Toronto region. The hypothesis that Toronto may have ``the
best of both worlds'' by having both dispersed and concentrated
environments is an interesting one, although the retention of that
status would require both realms to grow at similar rates, which
has not been the trend in recent decades.
}
}
@article{Fil03,
author = {Pierre Filion},
title = { Towards Smart Growth? {T}he Difficult Implementation of
Alternatives to Urban Dispersion},
year = 2003,
journal = {Canadian Journal of Urban Research},
volume = 12,
number = 1,
pages = {48--70},
keywords = { urban planning, urban politics, canada, urban form, smart growth},
status = {read},
abstract = {
The smart growth concept has recently achieved prominence within
the planning profession. It represents a reaction to mounting
resentment towards the adverse consequences of prevailing forms of
urbanization: air pollution, high development costs and
deteriorating quality of life. The article examines the possibility
of implementing smart growth proposals within the prevailing
political, economic and value environment. After drawing lessons
from the lack of success of attempts at altering urban development
over the last thirty years, the article proposes two smart growth
strategies. To maintain their implementation potential and capacity
to modify urbanization trends, the strategies avoid clashes with
entrenched preference patterns and powerful interest groups. The
first strategy consists in an expansion of the high-density
transit-oriented compact urban realm into the ambient low-density
car-dependent dispersed realm. The second strategy involves the
creation of mixed-use high-density corridors, hospitable to transit
use and walking, within newly urbanized areas.
},
annote = {
An excellent article, aimed at realistic incremental policies to
change urban densities, the main obstacle to mode share changes.
The solutions he presents are not new at all, but the political
context and discussion of suburban values are worth thinking about.
}
}
@book{God94,
author = {Stephen B.~Goddard},
title = {Getting There: The Epic Struggle between Road and Rail in the
{A}merican Century},
year = 1994,
publisher = {The University of Chicago Press},
address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
keywords = {history, finance, urban politics}
}
@article{Goo04,
author = {Phil Goodwin},
title = {Congestion Charging in Central {L}ondon: Lessons Learned},
year = 2004,
month = dec,
journal = {Planning Theory \& Practice},
volume = 5,
number = 4,
pages = {501--505},
keywords = {congestion pricing, urban politics, transport modelling},
status = {read},
annote = {
Some interesting analysis of the politics in this issue. Goodwin notes
that the
use of revenue from congestion charging is an essential part of any
scheme, in which ``the beneficiaries were as visible and influential as
the motorists who paid it'' even if the only goal is to reduce
congestion, not to raise revenue. In London's case, the revenue was
funneled to public transport improvements.
He also notes the implications for modelling: the traffic
reduction was at the upper end of the range estimated by models,
and the revenues from the scheme were hence lower than expected.
``This is not particular to road pricing: it is part of a general
reappraisal of establish transport modelling techniques, which have
a built-in tendency to underestimate the range and complexity of
the behaviour response to policy, which in turn causes an
overestimation of the benefits of infrastructure expansion, and an
underestimation of the benefits of demand management.'' In a
footnote, he adds that ``some of the earlier modelling work
had actually forecast a bigger effect, closer to what happened, but
this had been progressively revised downwards by the modelling
teams in order to produce robust, defensible, conservative
assessments.''
}
}
@article{Liv04,
author = {Ken Livingstone},
title = {The Challenge of Driving Through Change: Introducing
Congestion Charging in Central {L}ondon},
year = 2004,
month = dec,
journal = {Planning Theory \& Practice},
volume = 5,
number = 4,
pages = {490--498},
keywords = {congestion pricing, urban politics},
status = {read}
}
@book{Mum61,
author = {Lewis Mumford},
title = {The City in History: Its origins, its transformations and its
prospects},
year = 1961,
publisher = {Harcourt, Brace},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
status = {read},
keywords = {history, urban planning, urban design, urban politics}
}
@book{Pun03,
author = {John V.~Punter},
title = {The {V}ancouver Achievement: Urban Planning and Design},
year = 2003,
publisher = {University of British Columbia Press},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
keywords = {history, canada, urban planning, urban politics, architecture, streets, urban design },
abstract = {
This book examines the development of Vancouver's unique approach
to zoning, planning, and urban design from the early 1970s to
the beginning of the twenty-first century. By the late 1990s,
Vancouver had established a reputation in North America for its
planning achievement, especially for its creation of a
participative, responsive, and design-led approach to urban
regeneration and redevelopment. This system has other important
features: an innovative approach to megaproject planning, a
system of cost and amenity levies on major schemes, a
participative process to underpin active neighbourhood
planning, and a sophisticated panoply of design guidelines.
These systems, processes, and their achievements place
Vancouver at the forefront of international planning practice.
The Vancouver Achievement explains the keys to its success, and
evaluates its approach to planning and design against
internationally accepted criteria. Generously illustrated with
over 160 photos and figures, this book - the first
comprehensive account of contemporary planning and urban design
practice in any Canadian city - will appeal to academic and
professional audiences, as well as the general public.
},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://www.davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Pun03/index.html }
}
@article{Sie04,
author = {Matti Siemiatycki},
title = {The International Diffusion of Radical Transportation Policy:
The Case of Congestion Charging},
year = 2004,
month = dec,
journal = {Planning Theory \& Practice},
volume = 5,
number = 4,
pages = {510--514},
keywords = {congestion pricing, urban politics},
status = {read}
}
@article{Tie56,
author = {Charles Tiebout},
title = {A pure theory of local public expenditures},
year = 1956,
journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
volume = 64,
number = 5,
pages = {416--424},
keywords = {urban politics, equity, zoning}
}
@article{TomSka03,
author = {Ray Tomalty and Andrejs Skaburskis},
title = {Development Charges and City Planning Objectives: the
{O}ntario Disconnect},
year = 2003,
journal = {Canadian Journal of Urban Research},
volume = 12,
number = 1,
pages = {142--161},
abstract = {
In many provinces in Canada, development charges are collected by
municipal governments to help pay for the capital costs associated
with urban growth. Hardly anywhere, however, is there an attempt to
structure development charges so as to achieve planning goals. This
article examines the disconnect between fiscal and planning goals
by tracking the evolution of development charge regimes in a
particular urban region, namely the Greater Toronto Area in
Ontario, Canada. The authors pose the question: why do so many
municipalities adopt average cost approaches to calculating
development charges when it is widely assumed that a marginal cost
approach is superior from an infrastructure and land-use efficiency
(i.e., planning) perspective?
The typical explanations put forward to account for this preference
are examined and found wanting. A fuller explanation requires an
understanding of developer-municipal conflict over the principles
involved in the design of development charges. This leads us to an
account of the emergence of development charges in Ontario and the
evolving debate between municipalities and developers over who
should pay for the infrastructure needed to support growth. This
story reveals that there has been a gradual shift in municipal
infrastructure financing practices from a marginal cost or
``site-specific'' approach, favoured by developers, to an average
cost or ``municipal-wide'' approach, favoured by municipalities. In
the conclusions, a number of factors underlying this evolution are
identified.
},
status = {read},
keywords = {canada, urban planning, urban politics, finance}
}
@book{Bal99,
author = {Peter C.~Baldwin},
title = {Domesticating the street: the reform of public space in
{H}artford, 1850--1930},
year = 1999,
publisher = {Ohio State University Press},
address = {Columbus, OH, USA},
keywords = {streets, history, urban politics, street design, roadspace reallocation, zoning}
}
@book{Dow94,
author = {Anthony Downs},
title = {New Visions for Metropolitan {A}merica},
year = 1994,
publisher = {The Brookings Institution},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {urban planning, equity, zoning, urban politics, smart growth},
annote = {
In the first three chapters (the only part I've read), there were
some very interesting discussion of growth management policies,
equity and racial segregation in the USA.
One point I found interesting was the discussion of preferences. In
general, Americans want single-family detached houses, auto-based
travel, free parking and short travel times. The planning system
in many ways guarantees the first two: suburbs have extremely high
minimum standards for housing (low density single-family homes), and
generally provide generous roads and free parking. The last aspect
of preferences cannot be guaranteed due to growth and swamping of
existing roads by new travel, discussed at length in the book.
This is the aspect I find interesting: the system is inherently
biased towards one set of preferences (housing) and limits trading
off housing against travel time---if an individual prefers short
travel times and is willing to accept ``lower quality'' dense
housing in return, that option is rarely available. In other words,
this minimum provision limits choices, a point that Andre Sorensen
has made repeatedly in his discussions in the course I'm taking.
Downs notes that one-third of US households did not live in
single-family homes in 1990, and one-third were renters (presumably
with substantial overlap). He describes the provision of low-cost
housing as a ``trickle-down'' process: since cheap new housing is
prohibited, only degraded older houses are available for those
who cannot afford the suburban single-family home. This process
breaks down when ``net housing construciton is lower than net
household formation''---i.e., periods of rapid growth.
}
}
@article{FilBun93,
author = {Pierre Filion and Trudi Bunting},
title = {Local power and its limits: Three decades of attempts to
revitalize {K}itchener's {CBD}},
year = 1993,
journal = {Urban History Review},
volume = 12,
pages = {48--70},
keywords = {urban politics, canada, urban planning}
}
@book{Gar91,
author = {Joel Garreau},
title = {Edge City: Life on the New Frontier},
year = 1991,
publisher = {Anchor Doubleday},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, urban politics}
}
@book{Ham87,
author = {M.~Hamer},
title = {Wheels within wheels: A study of the road lobby},
year = 1987,
publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban politics, transport planning}
}
@book{Han98,
author = {J.~Hannigan},
title = {Fantasy Cities: Pleasure and Profit in the Postmodern
Metropolis},
year = 1998,
publisher = {Routledge},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban politics, urban planning}
}
@article{Mal93,
author = {W.~Mallett},
title = {Managing the post-industrial city: {B}usiness {I}mprovement
{D}istricts in the {U}nited {S}tates},
year = 1993,
journal = {Area},
volume = 26,
number = 3,
pages = {276--287},
keywords = {urban politics}
}
@article{Mal93b,
author = {W.~Mallett},
title = {Private government formation in the {D.C.} metropolitan area},
year = 1993,
journal = {Growth and Change},
volume = 24,
pages = {385--415},
keywords = {urban politics}
}
@book{Pil79,
author = {Juri Pill},
title = {Planning and Politics: The {M}etropolitan {T}oronto
{T}ransportation {R}eview},
year = 1979,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {urban politics, canada, transport planning}
}
@book{Pro92,
author = {A.P.~Pross},
title = {Group Politics and Public Policy},
year = 1992,
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {urban politics, governance}
}
@book{Sew72,
author = {John Sewell},
title = {Against City Hall},
year = 1972,
publisher = {James Lorimer},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {canada, urban politics}
}
@article{Smi86,
author = {P.~Smith},
title = {Regional governance in {B}ritish {C}olumbia},
year = 1986,
journal = {Planning and Administration},
volume = 13,
pages = {7--20},
keywords = {governance, urban politics, canada}
}
@article{Smi96,
author = {P.~Smith},
title = {Restructuring metropolitan governance: {V}ancouver and {BC}
reforms},
year = 1996,
journal = {Policy Options},
volume = 17,
number = 2,
pages = {7--11},
keywords = {urban politics, canada, governance}
}
@incollection{Swy93,
author = {Erik Swyngedouw},
title = {Power plays: the politics of interlinking systems},
year = 1993,
booktitle = {Transport and Communications in the new {E}urope},
editor = {G.~Giannopoulos and A.~Gillespie},
publisher = {Hampton Press},
address = {Cresskill, NJ, USA},
keywords = {urban politics, transport planning}
}
@techreport{VinPhiNew92,
author = {P.~Vintila and J.~Phillimore and Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Markets, morals and manifestos: Fightback! and the politics of
economic rationalism in the 1990s},
year = 1992,
institution = {Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch
University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {urban politics}
}
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