@comment{{This file has been generated by bib2bib 1.91}}
@comment{{Command line: /usr/bin/bib2bib -ob keyword_transport_planning.bib -c 'keywords: "transport planning"' ref.bib}}
@book{Alv01,
author = {Katie Alvord},
title = {Divorce Your Car! Ending the love affair with the automobile},
year = 2001,
publisher = {New Society Publishers},
keywords = {general interest, history, transport planning, urban planning},
status = {read}
}
@article{AndKanMil96,
author = {William P.~Anderson and Pavlos S.~Kanaroglou and Eric
J.~Miller},
title = {Urban Form, Energy and the Environment: A Review of Issues,
Evidence and Policy},
year = 1996,
month = feb,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 33,
number = 1,
pages = {7--35},
keywords = {transport planning, land use transport link, urban form, energy},
status = {read}
}
@inproceedings{Arn01,
author = {Richard Arnott},
title = {The Economic Theory of Urban Traffic Congestion: A Microscopic
Research Agenda},
year = 2001,
month = jul,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Environmental Economics and
the Economics of Congestion},
address = {Venice, Italy},
url = {http://fmwww.bc.edu/ec-p/wp502.pdf},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban economics, transport planning, congestion pricing, parking}
}
@inproceedings{BanPuc03,
author = {David Banister and John Pucher},
title = {Can Sustainable Transport Be Made Acceptable?},
year = 2003,
month = may,
booktitle = {Presented at the STELLA Focus Group on Institutions,
Regulation and Markets in Transportation},
address = {Santa Barbara, CA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, intercity transport},
status = {read},
url = {http://policy.rutgers.edu/papers/16.pdf},
annote = {
Some good notes on the airline industry, which is often ignored in
analyses of sustainable transportation. Leisure travel is a major
and growing part of the airline business. Airlines are often in a
privileged position in terms of taxes, and have few incentives to
reduce externalities.
``When thinking about measures to achieve
sustainable transport, there are some (like pricing) that are
common to all futures. Such measures need to be implemented now,
even though their impacts might be slow in the initial stages. For
example, the UK government has increased the costs of driving
through raising fuel duty by at least 5 per cent in real terms
each year. In the transport sector, this is the main policy
being pursued to meet the Kyoto reduction targets for CO2
emissions. Over the past six years, this has increased the
price of a litre of fuel from 45 pence to 85 pence (1994-2000),
of which 70 pence is tax and duty. The escalator has been removed
(2000) after pressure from industry and other interests,
particularly those in rural areas.''
}
}
@article{BerleC03,
author = {Luca Bertolini and Frank {le Clercq}},
title = {Urban development without more mobility by car? Lessons from
{A}msterdam, a multimodal urban region},
journal = {Environment and Planning A},
year = 2003,
month = apr,
volume = 35,
number = 4,
pages = {575--589},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, accessibility},
status = {read},
abstract = {
The fundamental dilemma in attempts to make urban development less
dependent upon mobility by car is the inability of alternatives
to match the quality of accessibility provided by private
motorized transport. Failure to recognize this means that
bringing about environmentally more sustainable urban mobility
patterns is only possible at economic, social, and political
costs that are unacceptable in most societies. In this paper we
identify and discuss ways out of this dilemma, in the form of
solutions that pursue the goal of increasing both
sustainability and accessibility. We start by contending that
what people ask is not a generic mobility, but rather
opportunities to participate in spatially disjointed
activities. Accordingly, accessibility should be defined as the
amount and the diversity of 'spatial opportunities' that can be
reached within a certain amount of time. Solutions to the
accessibility - sustainability dilemma building upon this
perspective (that is, planning concepts, policy measures) have
been the object of recent research at the Universiteit van
Amsterdam and are discussed and we look for, and find, evidence
of the feasibility of these solutions in the actual trends in
the Amsterdam urban region. Some policy implications of the
findings are discussed.
},
annote = {
They define accessibility as the ``amount of `spatial opportunities'
that can be reached within a certain amount of time,'' an idea that
matches my intuition. They base this on three assumptions about
human behaviour: (a) For the most part people travel not just for
the sake of it, but in order to participate in spatially disjointed
activities (for example, living, working, shopping, visiting in
different places); (b) People want to have a choice among as large
a number and as diverse a range of activities as possible; (c)
Travel costs, and particularly travel time rather than travel
distance, set a limit to these possibilities (in the form of total
daily travel-time budgets, travel-to-work time budgets, etc.). They
also aim for a synergy with sustainability, and express their goal
as ``Developing conditions for as large as possible a share of the
more environmentally friendly modes in urban mobility, while at the
same time maintaining, and possible increasing, the amount and the
diversity of activity places that can be reached within an
acceptable travel time.'' They note that ``only activities with
middle to high spatial reach and low intensity of use (for example,
living, working, or recreating in low densities) are best served by
the car system''... which would include hiking, I suppose. ``[T]he
most significant policy dealing with car environments has been the
regulation of parking allowance, which has proved an invaluable
tool in managing the accessibility of locations, most notably
within the municipality of Amsterdam.'' They close with an
interesting note: they call the transport system the supply of
mobility, and land-use patterns are the origin of the demand for
mobility. It's an interesting and relevant labelling.
}
}
@article{Blu04,
author = {Evelyn Blumenberg},
title = {En-gendering effective planning: spatial mismatch, low-income
women, and transportation policy},
year = 2004,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 70,
number = 3,
pages = {269--281},
status = {read},
keywords = {equity, gender, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@techreport{BoaHau00,
author = {Marlon G.~Boarnet and Andrew F.~Haughwout},
title = {Do Highways Matter? {E}vidence and Policy Implications of
Metropolitan Development},
year = 2000,
month = aug,
institution = {Brookings Institution},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
type = {Discussion Paper},
url = {http://www.brook.edu/es/urban/boarnet.pdf},
status = {read},
annote = {
I didn't get much new from this paper... but there were some good
references, like Moh93 and a range of land use impact studies.
It is interesting to see two authors with economics backgrounds
write on this subject, and state that highway systems redistribute
growth rather than create it---not the view that's taken by many
provincial transportation agencies. That said, American cities are
generally starting from a higher level of highway provision than
Canadian cities.
I remain annoyed by the tendency (everywhere in the literature)
to discount highways' effect on
decentralisation. Yes, they are not a sufficient condition for
decentralising---but they are still a necessary condition! If you
don't build the highway, the ability to decentralise is extremely
limited.
},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban planning, transport planning},
abstract = {
Growing concerns about traffic congestion and rapid
suburban expansion (also known as sprawl) have reignited interest in
the ways in which highway spending affects metropolitan growth
patterns. This discussion paper extracts the best evidence to date on
how highway investments distribute growth and economic activity across
metropolitan areas. The paper also offers ideas on how transportation
financing and policies can better respond to the various costs and
benefits of highway projects in a region.
}
}
@inproceedings{Bri94,
author = {Ray E.~Brindle},
title = {Lies, damned lies and ``automobile dependence''---some
hyperbolic reflections},
year = 1994,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1994 Australian Transport Research
Forum},
pages = {117--131},
address = {Melbourne, Australia},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, land use transport link},
url = {http://www.aitpm.org.au/annex/0304_RBtech.pdf},
annote = {
An interesting read. (See also NewKen89, NewKen89b, NewKen99.)
He makes a valid point about NewKen89's central graph: it's
statistically misleading. They shows fuel use per capita plotted
against density, but the real relationship in their data is between
fuel use and urban area. Brindle gets a bit carried away
criticizing NewKen89, however; while their presentation and
analysis was wrong (severely undermining their credibility), the
relationship they claimed does in fact exist, by equivalence with
the fuel use vs. urban area relationship. Brindle has, however,
shown conclusively that the 30 persons/hectare threshold claimed by
NewKen is invalid. Refs: Gom91, Kir92, War91.
}
}
@article{Bri03,
author = {Ray E.~Brindle},
title = {Kicking the habit (part 1): some musings on the meaning of
`car dependence'},
year = 2003,
month = sep,
journal = {Road and Transport Research},
volume = 12,
number = 3,
pages = {61--73},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link},
status = {read},
annote = {
The article argues that the role of urban form has been
over-emphasized in the debate about changing travel habits.
Personal preferences may need to be changed instead. There are some
interesting quotes regarding access and housing preferences in the
1960s and 1970s, quite useful for understanding how little has
changed.
}
}
@techreport{BurLag99,
author = {Dan Burden and Peter Lagerway},
title = {Road Diets: Fixing the Big Roads},
year = 1999,
month = mar,
institution = {Walkable Communities Inc.},
address = {High Springs, FL, USA},
url = {http://www.walkable.org/download/rdiets.pdf},
keywords = {transport planning, streets, roadspace reallocation},
status = {read}
}
@article{CaiAtkGoo02,
author = {Sally Cairns and Stephen Atkins and Phil Goodwin},
title = {Disappearing traffic? {T}he story so far},
year = 2002,
journal = {Municipal Engineer},
volume = 151,
number = 1,
pages = {13--22},
keywords = {transport planning, streets, roadspace reallocation},
url = {http://www.ucl.ac.uk/transport-studies/tsu/disapp.pdf},
status = {read},
abstract = {
Reallocating roadspace from general traffic, to improve conditions
for pedestrians or cyclists or buses or on-street light rail or
other high-occupancy vehicles, is often predicted to cause
major traffic problems on neighbouring streets. This
paper reports on two phases of research, resulting in
the examination of over 70 case studies of roadspace
reallocation from eleven countries, and the collation
of opinions from over 200 transport professionals
worldwide. The findings suggest that predictions of
traffic problems are often unnecessarily alarmist, and
that, given appropriate local circumstances,
significant reductions in overall traffic levels can
occur, with people making a far wider range of
behavioural responses than has traditionally been
assumed. Follow-up work has also highlighted the
importance of managing how schemes are perceived by
the public and reported in the media, with various
lessons for avoiding problems. Finally, the
findings highlight that well-designed schemes to
reallocate roadspace can often contribute to a
multiplicity of different policy aims and
objectives.
}
}
@article{Cal02b,
author = {Peter G.~Calthorpe},
title = {The Urban Network: A Radical Proposal},
year = 2002,
journal = {Planning},
volume = 68,
number = 5,
pages = {10--15},
status = {read},
abstract = {
There is a critical need for a new paradigm of growth on undeveloped
sites - one that complements urban infill and revitalization. The
alternative transportation network proposed here calls for a new
hierarchy of arterials and boulevards that allow for through traffic
without always by-passing commercial centers - a road network that
reinforces access to walkable neighborhoods and urban town centers
without cutting them off from local pedestrian movement. A plan for new
growth areas around Chicago proposes 3 types of major roads to replace
the standard arterial grid: transit boulevards, throughways, and
arterials. The transit boulevards combine the capacity of a major
arterial with the intimacy of local frontage roads and the pedestrian
orientation that comes with the transit system. Local arterials are
multi-lane facilities that transition into a couplet of main streets at
the village centers.
},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets, street design, new urbanism}
}
@techreport{Cal02c,
author = {Peter G.~Calthorpe},
title = {The Urban Network: A New Framework for Growth},
year = 2002,
institution = {Calthorpe Associates},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
url = {http://calthorpe.com/clippings/UrbanNet1216.pdf},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets, street design, new urbanism}
}
@book{Cer98,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry},
year = 1998,
publisher = {Island Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
status = {read},
annoteurl = {http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Cer98/index.html},
keywords = {transit, urban planning, transport planning, canada, land use transport link, urban form, transit-oriented development}
}
@article{Cer03,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Road Expansion, Urban Growth, and Induced Travel: A Path
Analysis},
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
year = 2003,
volume = 69,
number = 2,
pages = {145--163},
url = {http://www.planning.org/newsreleases/pdf/Cervero.pdf},
quality = 5,
keywords = {transport planning, induced travel, urban form, land use transport link},
abstract = {
Claims that roadway investments spur new travel, known as induced
demand, and thus fail to relieve traffic congestion have
thwarted road development in the United States. Past studies
point to a significant induced demand effect. This research
employs a path model to causally sort out the links between
freeway investments and traffic increases, using data for 24
California freeway projects across 15 years. Traffic increases
are explained in terms of both faster travel speeds and land
use shifts that occur in response to adding freeway lanes.
While the path model confirms the presence of induced travel in
both the short and longer run, estimated elasticities are lower
than those of earlier studies. This research also reveals
significant ``induced growth'' and ``induced investment''
effects---real estate development gravitates to improved
freeways, and traffic increases spawn road investments over
time. Travel-forecasting models are needed that account for
these dynamics.
},
annote = {
A much more sophisticated methodology to help untangle a
complicated problem. The model suggests that it may be possible to
build out of congestion without road pricing, although the
author speculates that the ultimate urban form may look something
like Houston. An interesting side note is the role of density,
which exerts a strong influence on the level of induced demand.
Unfortunately, since the dataset is from Southern California where
truly high densities are rare, the model cannot say too much about
roadway expansion in dense areas.
}
}
@article{CerKoc97,
author = {Robert Cervero and Kara Maria Kockelman},
title = {Travel Demand and the 3 {D}s: Density, Diversity and Design},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 2,
number = 3,
pages = {199--219},
status = {read},
keywords = { urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link },
abstract = {
The built environment is thought to influence travel demand along
three principal dimensions -- density, diversity, and design.
This paper tests this proposition by examining how the ``3Ds''
affect trip rates and mode choice of residents in the San
Francisco Bay Area. Using 1990 travel diary data and land-use
records obtained from the U.S. census, regional inventories,
and field surveys, models are estimated that relate features of the
built environment to variations in vehicle miles traveled per
household and mode choice, mainly for non-work trips. Factor
analysis is used to linearly combine variables in the density
and design dimensions of the built environment. The research
finds that density, land-use diversity, and pedestrian-oriented
designs generally reduce trip rates and encourage non-auto
travel in statistically significant ways, though their
influences appear to be fairly marginal. Elasticities between
variables and factors that capture the 3Ds and various measures
of travel demand are generally in the .06 to .18 range,
expressed in absolute terms. Compact development was found to exert
the strongest influence on personal business trips.
Within-neighborhood retail shops, on the other hand, was most
strongly associated with mode choice for work trips. And while
a factor capturing ``walking quality'' was only moderately
related to mode choice for non-work trips, those living in
neighborhoods with grid-iron street designs and restricted
commercial parking were nonetheless found to average
significantly less vehicle miles of travel and rely less on
single-occupant vehicles for non-work trips. Overall, this
research shows that the elasticities between each dimension of
the built environment and travel demand are modest to moderate,
though certainly not inconsequential. Thus is supports the
contention of new urbanists and others that creating more
compact, diverse, and pedestrian-oriented neighborhoods, in
combination, can meaningfully influence how Americans travel.
},
annote = {
A solid study, and a useful decomposition of urban form. By the
time I got around to reading it, I'd seen several similar papers
(like Cervero and Duncan's later followup), so the conclusion was
not surprising.
}
}
@article{CerLan97,
author = {Robert Cervero and John Landis},
title = {Twenty Years of the {B}ay {A}rea {R}apid {T}ransit system:
Land Use and Development Impacts},
year = 1997,
month = jul,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 31,
number = 4,
pages = {309--333},
status = {read},
keywords = {transit, urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link},
annote = {
A good, balanced paper.
A few comments on the models: the first model does not account for
spatial autocorrelation, which may be an issue. The finding that
station location within a highway median, incentive zoning, and
restrictive zoning were not statistically correlated with building
activity around stations is quite interesting.
}
}
@article{ClaKui94,
author = {William A.V.~Clark and Marianne Kuijpers-Linde},
title = {Commuting in Restructuring Urban Regions},
year = 1994,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 31,
number = 3,
pages = {465--483},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning},
annote = {
A comparison of trends 1980--1990 in Southern California and the
Netherlands. The authors seemed determined to push a particular
thesis about increasing automobility and rising polycentricity, but
the data from the Netherlands didn't really bear out their thesis:
trips were generally getting quicker and both cycling and transit
mode share were rising, despite growing auto ownership. They did
make an interesting distinction between different forms of
polycentric development: an ``archipelago'' with nodes in an urban
sea (Los Angeles) versus ``spheres of interest'' where primary
nodes have secondary nodes in their sphere (or orbit), and
essentially partition the region (Netherlands).
}
}
@techreport{Col04,
author = {{Colliers International}},
title = {North {A}merican {CBD} Parking Rate Survey},
year = 2004,
institution = {Colliers International},
url = {http://www.colliers.com/Content/Repositories/Base/Corporate/English/Market_Report_Corporate/PDFs/ColliersParkingRateSurvey2004.pdf},
keywords = {parking, transport planning, data},
status = {read}
}
@techreport{CTTTC05,
author = {{City of Toronto} and {Toronto Transit Commission}},
title = {Building a Transit City},
month = jan,
year = 2005,
institution = {City of Toronto},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, transit, canada}
}
@techreport{CV02,
author = {{City of Vancouver}},
title = {Downtown Transportation Plan},
year = 2002,
institution = {City of Vancouver},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
status = {read},
url = {http://vancouver.ca/dtp/final.htm},
keywords = {transport planning, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, goods movement, transit, canada},
annoteurl = {http://www.davidpritchard.org/vacc/dtp},
annote = {
This was my real introduction to transport planning, and now in
retrospect I can see that this document represents a very
progressive stance on transportation planning. See some of my
detailed comments on cycling at the VACC website; I've been the
lead person on downtown issues for the VACC for the last several
years.
}
}
@article{DavRosAle98,
author = {Gavin Davidson and Mark Roseland and Don Alexander},
title = {Area-Wide Traffic Management: An Innovative Strategy for Urban
Centres},
year = 1998,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 4,
number = 4,
keywords = {transportation demand management, transport planning, canada},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp04.4.pdf},
status = {read},
annote = {
Some interesting notes, especially relevant for my work with
Vancouver's Downtown Transportation Plan. They discuss a
consensus-building approach they used in discussions over the plan,
bringing stakeholders together in an effort to find some common
ground.
}
}
@incollection{Dek04,
author = {Devaiyoti Deka},
title = {Social and Environmental Justice Issues in Urban
Transportation},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {The Geography of Urban Transportation},
editor = {Susan Hanson and Genevieve Giuliano},
edition = {3rd},
chapter = 12,
publisher = {Guildford Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
pages = {332--355},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, equity},
quality = 4,
annote = {
A good overview of the full breadth of equity issues in
transportation planning. A few distinctive points: 1) access to
health care is often ignored. 2) Residential dispersal is a valid
solution to spatial mismatch, but transportation is usually touted
as the politically easier solution instead. My thoughts: in some ways,
providing
subsidised transit connections for reverse commutes is a subsidy to
suburbanising businesses, giving them access to low-wage employees
at a low-cost location. Without that access, they might choose to
locate closer to low-wage workers. 3) In addition to poor/rich
urban/suburban, short trip/long trip cross-subsidies, there are also
peak/off-peak trip cross-subsidies: off-peak travellers (e.g.,
low income midnight shift workers, part-time workers) do not
require the expensive ``peaked'' service of the regular workday.
(To be fair, late night service is also often heavily subsidised.)
4) The rationale for federal/state funding of transit projects in
suburban areas, despite inefficiency: suburbs pay a substantial chunk
of taxes, and need to see some returns. If the funds didn't go
through a federal level, this might not be an issue: cities could
fund their own transit projects... 5) The environmental justice
discussion is interesting, particularly the details of the various
Bus Riders' Unions. 6) Rich drivers generate more pollution than
poor drivers, both from longer trips and from lower fuel
efficiency.
}
}
@incollection{Dot87,
author = {Steve Dotterer},
title = {Portland's arterial streets classification policy},
year = 1987,
editor = {Anne V.~Moudon},
booktitle = {Public Streets for Public Use},
chapter = 12,
pages = {170--179},
publisher = {Van Nostrand Reinhold},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
status = {read},
keywords = {streets, transport planning}
}
@book{Dow92,
author = {Anthony Downs},
title = {Stuck in Traffic: Coping with Peak-Hour Traffic Congestion},
year = 1992,
publisher = {Brookings Institution Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = { transport planning, congestion pricing, transportation demand management, transit, land use transport link, urban form, induced travel, zoning },
status = {read},
annoteurl = {http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Dow92/index.html}
}
@book{Dow04,
author = {Anthony Downs},
title = {Still Stuck in Traffic: Coping with Peak-Hour Traffic Congestion},
year = 2004,
publisher = {Brookings Institution Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
status = {read},
keywords = { transport planning, congestion pricing, transportation demand management, transit, land use transport link, urban form, induced travel, zoning },
annoteurl = {http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Dow92/index.html}
}
@article{Dow05,
author = {Anthony Downs},
title = {Smart {G}rowth: Why We Discuss It More Than We Do It},
year = 2005,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 71,
number = 4,
pages = {367--378},
status = {read},
keywords = { transport planning, urban form, transit, land use transport link, urban politics, smart growth }
}
@article{Dun04,
author = {Robert T.~Dunphy},
title = {Housing and Traffic},
year = 2004,
month = feb,
journal = {Urban Land},
volume = 63,
number = 2,
pages = {76--80},
publisher = {Urban Land Institute},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form},
status = {read},
annote = {
Interesting, with some good statistics. The author shows that if
transportation and housing costs are combined, total spending
amounts to 47--57\% of income across almost all of the United States.
The split between transport and housing varies dramatically, of course,
but the point is that you aren't really saving people any money by
building an auto-dependent region; you're just choosing a different
urban form. Top 10 most expensive: San Diego, Tampa, Los Angeles,
Miami, Denver, Atlanta, Phoenix, Cleveland and San Francisco.
Bottom 11: Portland, Baltimore, Houston, Milwaukee, Kansas City,
Anchorage, Pittsburgh, Minneapolis/St. Paul, St. Louis and
Honolulu. New York, surprisingly, is right in the middle of the
pack.
}
}
@article{Dun04b,
author = {Robert T.~Dunphy},
title = {Conflicted Over Congestion},
year = 2004,
month = may,
journal = {Urban Land},
volume = 63,
number = 5,
pages = {81--86},
publisher = {Urban Land Institute},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning},
status = {read}
}
@techreport{ECO04,
author = {{ECONorthwest}},
title = {Metro Corridors Project: Analysis of Land Use and
Transportation Issues},
year = 2004,
month = aug,
institution = {Metro and the Transportation Growth Management Program,
Oregon Department of Transportation/Department of Land Conservation and
Development},
address = {Portland, OR, USA},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.metro-region.org/library_docs/land_use/analysis_land_use_cov_and_text.pdf},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets}
}
@techreport{ECO05,
author = {{ECONorthwest}},
title = {Metro Corridors Project: Case Study Report},
year = 2005,
month = jun,
institution = {Metro and the Transportation Growth Management Program,
Oregon Department of Transportation/Department of Land Conservation and
Development},
address = {Portland, OR, USA},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.metro-region.org/library_docs/land_use/case_study_land_use_cov_and_text.pdf},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets}
}
@article{Fil01,
author = {Pierre Filion},
title = {Suburban Mixed-Use Centres and Urban Dispersion: What
Difference do They Make?},
year = 2001,
journal = {Environment and Planning A},
volume = 33,
number = 1,
pages = {141--160},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban design, pedestrian planning},
annote = {
Some very good points in a comparison of several Toronto shopping
centres that I know well. Hard data makes for an interesting
comparison exercise. The amazing thing, really, is the allocation
of space in each centre: roughly 2.5:1 ratio of space for cars to
space for buildings (except North York Centre, at 2:1), compared
with 1:2 in downtown Toronto. North York Centre still comes out
almost as bad as the others, since it uses its saved space mostly
for open park space (38\% of total space!)
``If suburban mixed-use centres have been successful in juxtaposing
different land uses, their integration of these uses has been far
less impressive.''
}
}
@article{FlyHolBuh02,
author = {Bent Flyvbjerg and Mette Skamris Holm and S{\o}ren Buhl},
title = {Underestimating costs in public works projects: error or
lie?},
year = 2002,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 68,
number = 3,
pages = {279--295},
annote = {
A very interesting article. The theory that actors lie about
project costs for political gain is supported by the
statistically significant results found in this article.
},
keywords = {transport planning, politics, finance, transit},
status = {read}
}
@article{FraAndSch04,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Martin A.~Andresen and Thomas L.~ Schmid},
title = {Obesity Relationships with community design, physical
activity, and time spent in cars},
year = 2004,
month = aug,
volume = 27,
number = 2,
pages = {87--96},
journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, active transportation, urban form, land use transport link},
url = {http://www.act-trans.ubc.ca/documents/ajpm-aug04.pdf},
abstract = {
Obesity is a major health problem in the United States and
around the world. To date, relationships between obesity and
aspects of the built environment have not been evaluated
empirically at the individual level.
Objective
To evaluate the relationship between the built environment
around each participant's place of residence and self-reported
travel patterns (walking and time in a car), body mass index
(BMI), and obesity for specific gender and ethnicity
classifications.
Body Mass Index, minutes spent in a car, kilometers walked,
age, income, educational attainment, and gender were derived
through a travel survey of 10,878 participants in the Atlanta,
Georgia region. Objective measures of land use mix, net residential
density, and street connectivity were developed within a
1-kilometer network distance of each participant's place of
residence. A cross-sectional design was used to associate urban
form measures with obesity, BMI, and transportation-related
activity when adjusting for sociodemographic covariates.
Discrete analyses were conducted across gender and ethnicity.
The data were collected between 2000 and 2002 and analysis was
conducted in 2004.
Land-use mix had the strongest association with obesity (BMI>=30
kg/m^2), with each quartile increase being associated
with a 12.2\% reduction in the likelihood of obesity across
gender and ethnicity. Each additional hour spent in a car per
day was associated with a 6\% increase in the likelihood of
obesity. Conversely, each additional kilometer walked per day
was associated with a 4.8\% reduction in the likelihood of
obesity. As a continuous measure, BMI was significantly
associated with urban form for white cohorts. Relationships
among urban form, walk distance, and time in a car were
stronger among white than black cohorts.
Measures of the built environment and travel patterns are
important predictors of obesity across gender and ethnicity,
yet relationships among the built environment, travel patterns, and
weight may vary across gender and ethnicity. Strategies to
increase land-use mix and distance walked while reducing time
in a car can be effective as health interventions.
},
status = {read},
annote = {
A very useful addition to the debates on urban form. I'm a fan of
anything bring active transportation into the debate, rather than
just trying to reduce SOV trips. I'm curious about why they
found land-use mix and walking distance to be statistically
independent influences on obesity. Their speculation that it may
be related to nutrition (and so-called ``food deserts'') is an
interesting idea.
}
}
@article{FraPiv94,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Gary Pivo},
title = {Impacts of mixed use and density on utilization of three modes
of travel: single-occupant vehicle, transit, and walking},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1466,
pages = {44--52},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form, transit, active transportation, land use transport link},
abstract = {
Findings from an empirical analysis to test the impacts of land-use
mix, population density, and employment density on the use of the
single-occupant vehicle (SOV), transit and walking for both work
trips and shopping trips are presented. The hypothetical
relationships tested focused on whether there is a relationship
between urban form and modal choice, whether this relationship
exists when controlling for non-urban form factors, whether this
relationship is linear or nonlinear, and whether a stronger
relationship exists between modal choice and urban form when they
are measured at both trip ends as opposed to either the origin or
the destination. A review of the literature and experiences
suggested that a fair amount of information is known about the
impacts of density on mode choice. However, considerable debate
exists over whether density itself is actually the causal stimulus
or a surrogate for other factors. To address this issue a data base
was developed with a comprehensive set of variables for which
density may be a proxy, for example, demographics and level of
service. This analysis employed a correlational research design in
which mode choice was compared among census tracts with differing
levels of density and mix. Findings from this research indicate
that density and mix are both related to mode choice, even when
controlling for non-urban form factors for both work trips and
shopping trips. Furthermore, the relationship between population
and employment density and mode choice for SOV, transit and walking
is nonlinear for both work and shopping trips. Transit usage and
walking increase as density and land-use mix increase, whereas SOV
usage declines. The findings from this research suggest that
measuring urban form at both trip ends provides a greater ability
to predict travel choices than looking at trip ends separately. The
findings also suggest that increasing the level of land-use mix at
the trip origins and destinations is also related to a reduction in
SOV travel and an increase in transit and walking.
},
annote = {
Solid research, with more convincing methodology than Sch96 (which
I read at about the same time).
Overall, the most interesting result of the paper is the
demonstration of nonlinearity. Figures 2 and 3 of their paper show
a graph of modal share vs. employment density, and vs. population
density. These graphs show that major increases in bus/walk modes
only happen at employment densities greater than 125
employees/acre (work trips), or 13 residents/acre (shopping trips).
The implications for policy are obvious: if you aren't going to
reach those thresholds, you're wasting your time. Also, the
employment graph shows substantial nonlinearity: between 75 and 125
employees/acre, there is essentially no change in mode share.
They also had some predictable results: walking trips were the most
sensitive to increases in population density; it's worth
considering densities at both trip ends (i.e., both residential
population density and employment population density); etc.
}
}
@incollection{Gak94,
author = {Ralph Gakenheimer},
title = {Six strategic decisions for transportation in mega-cities},
year = 1994,
editor = {Roland J.~Fuchs and Ellen Brennan and Joseph Chamie and
Fu-chen Lo and Juha I.~Uitto},
booktitle = {Mega-city growth and the future},
chapter = 13,
pages = {332--348},
publisher = {United Nations University Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{GarTay99,
author = {Mark Garrett and Brian Taylor},
title = {Reconsidering Social Equity in Public Transit},
year = 1999,
journal = {Berkeley Planning Journal},
volume = 13,
pages = {6--27},
status = {read},
keywords = {equity, transport planning, finance},
annote = {
Some interesting notes on racial/income equity in transit service.
Apparently, transit users were only 20\% minorities in 1977--but
that rose to 63\% by 1995! I hadn't realised that the racialisation
of transport in the USA was so recent. Also, some interesting notes
on US funding formulas for transit: a heavy weight on service area
coverage, and little weight on ridership achieved.
}
}
@book{GarWac96,
author = {Mark Garrett and Martin Wachs},
title = {Transportation Planning on Trial: The Clean Air Act and Travel
Forecasting},
year = 1996,
publisher = {Sage Publications},
address = {Thousand Oaks, CA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling, activism },
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/GarWac96/index.html }
}
@article{Giu92,
author = {Genevieve Giuliano},
title = {Transportation demand management: promise or panacea?},
year = 1992,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 58,
number = 3,
pages = {327--335},
status = {read},
keywords = { transport planning, transportation demand management }
}
@article{Giu92b,
author = {Genevieve Giuliano},
title = {Is Jobs-Housing Balance a Transportation Issue?},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1305,
pages = {305--312},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning},
status = {read},
annote = {
A good discussion of this issue, although it's admittedly not a
topic I find particularly important.
One possible reason why suburb-to-suburb commutes may wind up being
relatively short: ``the relative homogeneity of suburban areas
(making it easy to locate near one's job, or conversely negating any
advantage of living far from one's job).''
In general, I agree with most of the author's conclusions. I don't
see jobs-housing balance as a central issue in transportation
planning. I would aim more for diversity: providing a mixture of
types of jobs and types of housing in every community. Aiming for
an exact or near-exact balance is futile, as the author argues, but
I believe that there is nonetheless a need to give people the
option of locating near their jobs, which may not be provided
automatically by the market. (See, for example, the absence of
family-oriented condominiums in downtown Toronto, despite clear
evidence of a demand after they were built in downtown Vancouver.)
},
url = { http://www.uctc.net/papers/133.pdf }
}
@incollection{Giu04,
author = {Genevieve Giuliano},
title = {Land Use Impacts of Transportation Investments: Highways and
Transit},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {The Geography of Urban Transportation},
editor = {Susan Hanson and Genevieve Giuliano},
edition = {3rd},
chapter = 9,
publisher = {Guildford Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
pages = {237--273},
quality = 4,
keywords = {transport planning, land use transport link, urban planning},
status = {read},
annote = {
A very good article, covering the theory, the empirical tests, and
the methodology involved in measuring land use impacts. Overall, I
agree with most of the analysis, with the exception of the closing
tirade against planners who support transit and oppose highway
expansion.
I found the discussion of the 1980 beltway study (PayBla80) quite
interesting---54 U.S. cities, with and without beltway highways, to
see what the impacts were on central cities. It's a good question
about regional structure and urban form.
There is one key difference between the highway studies and the
transit studies cited: since the studies are American, the highways
are in areas with no competing modes. As a result, presence/absence
of a highway is an indication of the presence/absence of access,
really, since the transit service is almost universally poorer than
the road access. The transit facilities, by contrast, each
represent fairly incremental improvements to access to areas that
are already well-served by highways; furthermore, they are
competing with highways, while the highway projects listed aren't
really competing with transit. Finally, many of the transit
facilities studied sound like examples of poor planning overall.
Boarnet \& Chalermpong's 2001 study of toll roads in Orange County
shows an example of a simple highway project providing access to an
otherwise inaccessible region. If there was a comparable example of
rail providing access to an empty hinterland (like streetcars at
the turn of the century), it might make a fair comparison.
For this reason, I'd like to look closer at Haider \& Miller's study
in Toronto. It's a context where both modes are quite viable: rail
and highways both attract significant customers. Absence of
highways does not mean absence of access, since transit can fill that
void; and vice versa.
That said, the conclusions the author draws about highway impacts
and transit impacts are somewhat fair. I would perhaps expand the
field of impact of rail beyond the narrow corridor she ascribes
to it---with feeder bus systems, a rail line can have impacts well
beyond its immediate corridor.
The one argument I would like to pursue further is the author's
claim that transit systems should have a decentralising effect
similar to highways, since they provide access and allow people to
access the centre quickly from a distance. From a theoretical
perspective considering a single rail line, I agree with this;
however, it ignores two important points: the focussing effect of
transit, and the accessibility peaks at intersecting facilities.
Mutually supportive transit+land use involves a concentration of
activities along the transit corridor, focusing
origins/destinations within a linear region. Highways do also have
some focusing effects---hence the higher land values near
interchanges. However, since the transit feeder mode is usually foot
rather than car, a transit facility will tend to have a stronger
focusing effect. This is not a direct argument against
decentralisation, but it is a partial argument: the transit
facility may allow radial decentralisation, but it will
simultaneously encourage circumferential centralisation.
Finally, when multiple transportation facilities intersect, there
is a peaking of accessibility, providing a single focal point. This
can be seen at the intersection of freeways, or the intersection of
transit lines. It is here that transit can encourage radial
centralisation: if multiple transit facilities intersect at the
city centre, the accessibility peak created at that location could
potentially counter the decentralising effects of the individual
transit lines. Transit probably has more potential for centralising
than highways do, since more than two transit facilities can
intersect in close geographic proximity---or, as in many North
American city centres, multiple transit facilities and a highway
could converge on the downtown.
}
}
@techreport{Gol04,
author = {Michael Goldberg},
title = {Transportation as an Economic Growth Engine: Challenges,
Opportunities and Policy Suggestions},
year = 2004,
month = dec,
institution = {British Columbia Progress Board},
status = {read},
keywords = { transport planning, politics }
}
@techreport{Goo95,
author = {Phil Goodwin},
title = {The end of hierarchy? {A} new perspective of managing the road
network},
year = 1995,
institution = {Council for the Protecton of Rural England},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {streets, transport planning}
}
@misc{Goo97,
author = {Phil Goodwin},
title = {Solving Congestion},
year = 1997,
howpublished = {Inaugural Lecture for the Professorship of Transport
Policy, University College London},
url = {http://www.cts.ucl.ac.uk/tsu/pbginau.htm},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport modelling, history, transport planning},
annote = {
A good overview of progress from the 1960s ``predict and provide''
approach to the current idea that road capacity is fundamentally a
policy decision.
}
}
@article{GooHasCai98,
author = {Phil Goodwin and Carmen Hass-Klau and Sally Cairns},
title = {Evidence on the Effects of Road Capacity Reductions on Traffic
Levels},
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 39,
number = 6,
year = 1998,
month = jun,
pages = {348--354},
keywords = {transport modelling, transport planning, roadspace reallocation},
status = {read}
}
@article{GorVip05,
author = {D.~Gordon and S.~Vipond},
title = {Gross density and {N}ew {U}rbanism: comparing conventional and
{N}ew {U}rbanist suburbs in {M}arkham, {O}ntario},
year = 2005,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 71,
number = 1,
pages = {41--54},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban design, urban form, transport planning, urban planning, new urbanism },
annote = {
Very interesting. Markham looks like it may be a good control case
for future investigations. Having lived away from the GTA for many
years, I was surprised to hear of consistent support for such
policies from Markham, which was quite car-dependent in my time.
}
}
@article{GorKumRic89,
author = {Peter Gordon and Ajay Kumar and Harry Richardson},
title = {The Influence of Metropolitan Spatial Structure on Commuting
Time},
year = 1989,
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
volume = 26,
pages = {138--151},
keywords = {urban form, urban planning, transport planning, transport modelling, land use transport link},
status = {read},
annote = {
A reasonable paper, but I'm skeptical of the data. The authors used
highly aggregated metropolitan-level data to draw inferences about
travel behaviour, which seems a bit dubious. They did at least
include a variable summarizing how ``monocentric'' each area was,
but did not otherwise disaggregate the data at all. I'm not
convinced that behaviour can be analysed meaningfully at that scale.
}
}
@article{GorRic97,
author = {Peter Gordon and Harry Richardson},
title = {Are Compact Cities a Desirable Planning Goal?},
year = 1997,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 63,
number = 1,
pages = {95--106},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form},
quality = 2,
status = {read},
url = {http://astro.temple.edu/~jmennis/Courses/GUS_0150/readings/Gordon97.htm},
annote = {
While initially convincing, this article relies on some very
dubious rhetorical methods to attack compact urban form. It's
worthwhile if only to help develop the critical skills to dissect
invalid argumentation. Be sure to read Ewing (1997) as well.
}
}
@book{GraMar01,
author = {Stephen Graham and Simon Marvin},
title = {Splintering Urbanism},
year = 2001,
publisher = {Routledge},
address = {London, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {geography, transport planning}
}
@article{Gre03,
author = {Michael J.~Greenwald},
title = {The Road Less Travelled: {N}ew {U}rbanist Inducements to
Travel Mode Substitution for Nonwork Trips},
year = 2003,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 23,
number = 1,
pages = {39--57},
status = {read},
doi = {10.1177/0739456X03256248},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form, land use transport link, transport planning, pedestrian planning},
annote = {
I haven't fully absorbed the meaning of this author's models yet.
}
}
@techreport{GVRD96,
author = {{Greater Vancouver Regional District}},
title = {Livable Region Strategic Plan},
year = 1996,
institution = {Greater Vancouver Regional District},
address = {Burnaby, BC, Canada},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form, transport planning, canada},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.gvrd.bc.ca/growth/lrsp/LRSP.pdf}
}
@article{Hal04,
author = {Peter Hall},
title = {The {B}uchanan Report: 40 years on},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transport},
volume = 157,
number = 1,
pages = {7--14},
doi = {10.1680/tran.157.1.7.36462},
keywords = {history, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@incollection{Han04,
author = {Susan Hanson},
title = {The context of urban travel},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {The Geography of Urban Transportation},
editor = {Susan Hanson and Genevieve Giuliano},
edition = {3rd},
chapter = 1,
publisher = {Guildford Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
pages = {3--29},
quality = 3,
keywords = {transport planning},
status = {read},
annote = {
Nothing too exciting here; basically just Transport Planning 101.
}
}
@article{HeiSch04,
author = {Andrew Heisz and Grant Schellenberg},
title = {Public Transit Use Among Immigrants},
institution = {Statistics Canada},
year = 2004,
journal = {Canadian Journal of Urban Research},
volume = 13,
number = 1,
pages = {170--191},
keywords = { canada, transit, transport planning, sociology },
annote = {
Some very interesting notes regarding immgrants' use of public
transit. ``We find that recent immigrants are much more likely than
the Canadian born to use public transit to commute to work, even
after controlling for age, gender, income, distance to work, and
distance between place of residence and the city centre. Two
factors seem to explain this high rate of transit usage. First,
immigrants tend to use public transit in their commute to work more
when they are new to Canada (independent of other factors such as
age and income) but their rate of transit use declines as they
reside in Canada for longer periods of time. Second, newer cohorts
of immigrants have higher rates of transit use than earlier
cohorts, suggesting that they may be different in some ways that
have not been observed. [...] Projections for future public transit
needs could take into account that the urban population is not only
growing, but is also compositionally shifting towards a high-usage
group.'' They also found some interesting results about immigrants'
source countries: ``In both Toronto and Montreal, the incidence of
public transit utilization is highest among immigrants from the
Carribean, Southeast Asia, Central and South America, and Africa;
they are lowest among immigrants from Easy Asia, Europe, West Asia,
North America and Oceania.'' Results from Vancouver were
unfortunately very distorted due to the transit strike that took
place during the 2001 census, especially changing usage patterns in
Skytrain-serviced areas versus bus-serviced areas. It's worth
noting that immigrants from all of these source nations were much more
likely to use transit than the Canadian born, usually by margins of
at least 50\%.
},
status = {read}
}
@article{Hua96,
author = {Herman Huang},
title = {The Land-Use Impacts of Urban Rail Transit Systems},
year = 1996,
journal = {Journal of Planning Literature},
volume = 11,
number = 1,
pages = {17--30},
status = {read},
quality = 4,
annote = {
A brief survey of literature on Toronto, San Francisco, Washington,
Boston, Cleveland, Atlanta, Calgary, Edmonton, Portland and San Diego.
Many, many good references.
},
keywords = {urban planning, transit, transport planning, land use transport link, urban form, canada}
}
@book{Jac61,
author = {Jane Jacobs},
title = {The Death and Life of Great American Cities},
year = 1961,
publisher = {Vintage},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
rating = 5,
keywords = {urban planning, equity, transport planning, general interest, sociology, streets, pedestrian planning, accessibility, urban design},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Jac61/index.html }
}
@incollection{Jan04,
author = {Donald G.~Janelle},
title = {Impact of Information Technologies},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {The Geography of Urban Transportation},
editor = {Susan Hanson and Genevieve Giuliano},
edition = {3rd},
chapter = 4,
publisher = {Guildford Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
pages = {86--112},
quality = 4,
keywords = { telecommuting, transport planning, canada },
status = {read},
annote = {
This was a first good discussion of telecommuting that I've seen.
It went into more detail on the types of work where telecommuting
might be a reasonable substitute, the possible effects on urban
form and exurbanisation, and the context of the changing structure
of work in North America. I found his discussion of Coppack quite
itneresting, talking about competition for ``natural'' amenities at
the urban fringe, and the leapfrogging and outwards movement that
can result when rural/natural amenities are considered valuable.
His discussion of the growing role of nonroutine activities in the
workplace was also valuable in a telecommuting context. The
discussion of Mokhtarian (1991) was also good, reducing some of my
concerns regarding telecommuting; overall, it seems like it
produces some benefits, although the impacts aren't likely to be
enormous; distance is by no meanby no means dead yet.
}
}
@article{KenMilShaMacCol05,
author = {Christopher A.~Kennedy and Eric J.~Miller and Amer S.~Shalaby and
Heather L.~Mac{L}ean and Jesse Coleman},
title = {The four pillars of sustainable urban transportation},
year = 2005,
journal = {Transport Reviews},
volume = 25,
number = 4,
pages = {393--414},
abstract = {
The unsustainable nature of current urban transportation and land
use is well recognized. What is less clear is the prescription
for how to move towards a more sustainable future, especially
given the many interest groups involved, the complexity of
urban systems and the fragmented nature of
decision-making in most urban regions. It is argued
that the process of achieving more sustainable
transportation requires suitable establishment of four
pillars: effective governance of land use and
transportation; fair, efficient, stable funding;
strategic infrastructure investments; and attention to
neighbourhood design. A review of each pillar identifies key
issues. The characteristics of an ideal body for governance of
land use and transportation are considered. Trade-offs are
identified with: spatial representation; organizational
structure; democracy; and market philosophy. Effective
financing and pricing of urban transportation may be distorted
because responsibility for infrastructure is separated from
service provision. Financing mechanisms are categorized
depending on vehicle use and location. Investment in
infrastructure for alternative fuel vehicles and intermediate
semi-rapid transit may be required in many cities. Major
investment in public transit infrastructure will likely not
suffice if macro land use and micro neighbourhood designs are
not supportive of these investments.
},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, governance, finance, transit, pedestrian planning},
annote = {
A useful read, covering a wide swath of topics, and including many
useful pointers to other papers within each topic. I found the
discussion of financing transportation particularly useful, mostly
because I haven't read much about that topic. Discussion of market
vs. non-market approaches, including P3s, was also valuable. I'm
glad to see discussion of neighbourhood design in the article, a
topic which is familiar and close to my heart.
}
}
@article{KenLau99,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Felix B.~Laube},
title = {Patterns of automobile dependence in cities: an international
overview of key physical and economic dimensions with some implications
for urban policy},
year = 1999,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 33,
pages = {691--723},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link, urban form},
status = {read},
quality = 5,
annote = {
An excellent summary of the dataset collected in their 1999 book,
with useful analysis. It's presented in a much more neutral,
distanced light than some of their earlier work. The methodology
still undoubtedly has problems, such as the use of Metro Toronto
instead of the Greater Toronto Area for the city definition. That
introduces some massive bias into all references to Toronto, since
it excludes all of the sprawling suburbs, including Mississauga
(which now has a population over 600,000 and was already quite large in
1990).
While it might not suit their agenda, I would like to see
housing costs included in the analysis. There is a clear
relationship between density and greater competition for limited
land and housing, and any analysis of regional economic
competitiveness really has to take housing costs into account.
Newman and Kenworthy's core argument that land use influences
transport has a clear converse, but they seem to have chosen to
ignore it here.
}
}
@article{Kri03,
author = {Kevin J.~Krizek},
title = {Residential relocation and changes in urban travel: does
neighborhood-scale urban form matter?},
year = 2003,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 69,
number = 3,
pages = {265--281},
status = {read},
quality = 4,
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link, travel behaviour},
annote = {
An interesting study. He makes the useful note that a panel survey
where some people choose to move is not strictly a random sample;
there was some underlying reason why those people chose to move, so
you have a self-selected samples (p. 271). I don't fully buy his
assumption that movers were in equilibrium with neighbourhood prior
to moving; it's a major assumption, which he acknowledges and tests
towards the end of the paper. However, it's still a useful
experiment: even if the movers were trying to self-select, if the
move allows them to reduce/increase VMT, it suggests that urban
form is an enabler for desired travel behaviour, a necessary
condition for behaviour change.
All told, a very methodologically cautious paper, with some good
insights.
}
}
@article{KriLev05,
author = {Kevin J.~Krizek and David M.~Levinson},
title = {Teaching Integrated Land Use-Transportation Planning: Topics,
Readings and Strategies},
year = 2005,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 24,
number = 3,
pages = {304--316},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning, urban form, urban planning},
status = {read},
annote = {
A very useful article regarding the land use-transport link. They
examined courses taught on the subject, and their syllabi. The key
books were MooTho94 and Dow92/Dow04, and Cer96b was a key article,
as was the debate between Ewi97 and GorRic97. Other publications
included Giu95, Cra98, and Lev99.
}
}
@article{leCBer03,
author = {Frank {le Clercq} and Luca Bertolini},
title = {Achieving sustainable accessibility: an evaluation of policy
measures in the {A}msterdam area},
journal = {Built Environment},
year = 2003,
volume = 29,
number = 1,
pages = {36--47},
status = {read},
url = {https://www.extenza-eps.com/extenza/loadPDF?objectIDValue=53949},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, parking, accessibility},
annote = {
Some interesting thoughts. 1) Their ``compact city'' policy seems to
have led to a polycentric region, with the edge regions (at the
boundary of the dense inner city and the car-oriented outer world)
developing into subcentres. Most of this is due to earlier policies
of motorway expansion and subcentre promotion. However, public
transport patronage has risen. 2) Public transport expansion
has been less effective than changes in urban form. Expansion to
new developments has not proven feasible, due to chicken-and-egg
issues. 3) The a,b,c location policy aimed to force employers with
large numbers of employees/visitors to take class A sites, defined
as having good public transport facilities running in several
directions, and with very strict parking place supply. Class B and
C sites have softer parking regimes and siting requirements. It's a
national policy. While it has been evaluated as a failure (mostly
due to application to only 15\% of all locations, since it only
applies to new developments), it is continuing.
}
}
@article{Lit01,
author = {Todd A.~Litman},
title = {Generated Traffic and Induced Travel: Implications for
Transport Planning},
year = 2004,
journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal},
month = apr,
pages = {38--47},
volume = 71,
number = 4,
url = {http://www.vtpi.org/gentraf.pdf},
keywords = {transport planning, induced travel},
status = {read}
}
@techreport{Lit04c,
author = {Todd A.~Litman},
title = {Comprehensive Evaluation of Rail Transit Benefits},
year = 2004,
institution = {Victoria Transport Policy Institute},
address = {Victoria, BC, Canada},
keywords = {transport planning, transit, rail},
url = {http://www.vtpi.org/railben.pdf},
annote = {
Some interesting analysis. It's primarily a critique of another
paper, ``Great Rail Disasters'' by Randal O'Toole, which I'm not
familiar with; apparently, the paper condemns rail transit as cost
ineffective, but its analysis is fundamentally flawed. In the end,
the flaws boil down to two differences: 1) O'Toole values mobility
more than accessibility; and 2) he's quite ready to distort
statistics to make an argument.
Probably the most interesting part of his analysis is Figure 13,
showing that ``in Bus Only and Small Rail cities, traffic
congestion costs tend to increase with city size [...] but Large
Rail cities do not follow this pattern. They have substantially
lower congestion costs than comparable size cities. As a result,
New York and Chicago have about half the per capita congestion
delay as Los Angeles.''
Tables 6 and 7 is also very interesting, showing the total subsidy
to bus and rail systems, and a lower bound on the total benefits
from each.
Litman's notes comparing bus rapid transit and rail are interesting,
particularly his statistic showing that people are more willing to
stand on rail systems, allowing more passengers per vehicle. His
notes that rail does not subtract from bus systems are also
interesting, showing that cities with large and small rail tend to
spend more per-capita on transit, and hence that rail does not
necessarily reduce bus system performance. (Although I'm sure there
are cases where that happens!)
I still have some questions about one part of his analysis: his
argument proceeds by defining ``large rail'' cities as those with
transit mode share of 20\%+ with rail making up more than half of
the transit trips. He then argues that these cities have lower
vehicle-miles, higher transit trips, etc., typically due to the land
use impacts of the rail systems. However, there are elements of a
circular argument here: it's possible that the causation runs in
the other direction, and land uses cause higher transit mode share,
and hence shift certain cities into the large rail category.
(Personally, I don't believe that's the case---I think that rail
does cause denser land use. But the argument may need to be
rephrased to make this unambiguous.) I need to think about this
more before I can be certain that there actually is a flaw in his
reasoning, though. Regardless, I don't think it's a big flaw---it's
a difficult subject to tackle perfectly, and his analysis is
generally quite sound.
Litman includes a reference to the spreadsheet containing his
calculations! This could be quite useful for learning how this
analysis is done.
},
status = {read}
}
@incollection{McC02b,
author = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
title = {The mainstreaming of cycle policy},
year = 2002,
chapter = 1,
pages = {1--16},
editor = {Hugh Mc{C}lintock},
booktitle = {Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice and Solutions for
Urban Planners},
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transit, transport planning},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/McC02/index.html }
}
@article{ManSho04,
author = {Michael Manville and Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {People, Parking and Cities},
year = 2004,
journal = {Access Magazine},
volume = 25,
pages = {20--26},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, parking},
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/access.pl?25/Access\%2025\%20-\%2002\%20-\%20People,\%20Parking,\%20and\%20Cities.pdf},
annote = {
A fascinating study of Los Angeles versus New York and San Francisco.
When the entire urban agglomeration is taken into account, L.A. is
actually denser than New York or San Francisco, since its suburbs are
relatively dense. The article explains discusses how downtown
parking in L.A. is profoundly different from the other two, and how
it hurts the city.
}
}
@book{Mar05,
author = {Stephen Marshall},
title = {Streets \& Patterns: The Structure of Urban Geometry},
year = 2005,
publisher = {Spon Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
quality = 5,
status = {read},
keywords = {streets, urban planning, urban form, transport planning, street design, urban design}
}
@article{MarGuy99,
author = {Simon J.~Marvin and S.~Guy},
title = {Towards a new logic of transport planning?},
year = 1999,
journal = {Town Planning Review},
volume = 70,
number = 2,
pages = {139--158},
status = {read},
annote = {
An interesting article on the crisis in transport planning,
with some details of new ways of thinking emerging.
``Central to this rethinking is the wider shift away from `predict
and provide' planning towards demand-management which is slowly
emerging across various infrastructure sectors. The common thread
linking these diverse services is the attempts by network operators
to work with users to reduce demand on the most stressed parts of
the network through the introduction of traffic calming and
pedestrianisation measures; advanced information technology-based
systems to get the msot out of the existing infrastructure; road
pricing; and a reduction in the building of new roads.'' Their
article is followed by comment from David Banister, Michael
Breheny, and Bert van Wee, and closes with comments from the
authors. },
keywords = {transport planning, transportation demand management}
}
@book{MeyMil01,
author = {Michael D.~Meyer and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Urban Transportation Planning: A Decision-Oriented Approach},
edition = {2nd},
year = 2001,
publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling, land use transport link},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/MeyMil01 }
}
@incollection{Mil00,
author = {Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Transportation and Communication},
editor = {Trudi Bunting and Pierre Filion},
booktitle = {{C}anadian Cities in Transition: The Twenty-First Century},
edition = {2nd},
year = 2000,
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
keywords = {canada, urban planning, transport planning},
status = {read}
}
@article{MilSha03,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Amer S.~Shalaby},
title = {Evolution of Person Travel in the {T}oronto {A}rea and Policy
Implications},
year = 2003,
month = mar,
journal = {ASCE Journal of Urban Planning and Development},
volume = 129,
number = 1,
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, canada, transit, urban form},
abstract = {
This paper presents a descriptive analysis of the historical evolution
of personal travel behavior in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) over
the past 35 years. The analysis indicates that in many respects the
GTA taken as a whole is similar to other cities within North
America in terms of increasing auto ownership; increasing
individual auto-drive trip rates; increasing suburbanization of
population and employment into areas poorly served by transit;
increasingly complex travel patterns; and transit, at best, maintaining
a constant number of trips per capita but losing modal share. The
analysis also highlights ways in which the GTA, particularly the
city of Toronto, deviates from the North American ``norm.'' These
include transit per capita ridership, overall mode splits,
revenue-cost operating ratios are still extremely high by
North American standards; the regional commuter rail
system has been very successful in attracting
increasing numbers of commuters from outside Toronto
into the Toronto central area; the continuing strength
of the Toronto central area has provided a strong,
viable transit service; and more generally, the relatively
high density and transit orientation of development
throughout the city of Toronto is highly supportive of
transit.
},
annote = {
Some very useful background on the transportation context of
Toronto. While I grew up in that city, I actually knew fairly
little about the evolution of its transportation system, so this
was quite useful to me. Not very revolutionary in content (it's
just a basic historical review), but worthwhile; a few good
references (Mee02, Shi97, PucLef96, WriLov02).
},
status = {read}
}
@techreport{MilSob03,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Richard M.~Soberman},
title = {Travel Demand and Urban Form},
year = 2003,
institution = {Neptis Foundation},
type = {Issue Paper},
number = 9,
url = { http://www.neptis.org/library/cf_download.cfm?file=travel_demand_nip9.pdf\&path=\\ },
keywords = {transport planning, canada, urban planning, transit, land use transport link, urban form},
status = {read},
annote = {
A good report, with a realistic and progressive vision for the
future. I found the maps comparing Toronto, Square One and Pearson
trip ends extremely interesting (figures II.7 - II.9).
}
}
@book{Mon07,
author = {George Monbiot},
title = {Heat: How to Stop the Planet from Burning},
year = 2007,
publisher = {South End Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
status = {read},
rating = 5,
keywords = {climate change, climate mitigation, energy, transport planning}
}
@techreport{MooTho94,
author = {Terry Moore and Paul Thorsnes},
title = {The Transportation/Land Use Connection},
year = 1994,
month = jan,
institution = {American Planning Association},
address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
edition = {1st},
number = {448/449},
keywords = {urban economics, transport planning, urban planning, congestion pricing, transportation demand management, transit, land use transport link, zoning },
rating = 5,
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/MooTho94/index.html }
}
@article{NewKen89b,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Gasoline Consumption and Cities: A Comparison of {U.S.}~Cities
with a Global Survey},
year = 1989,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 55,
number = 1,
pages = {24--37},
status = {read},
keywords = { transport planning, urban planning, canada, energy, land use transport link, urban form, transit },
rating = 4,
annote = {
This was the first I read by these authors; this article and their
1989 book are classic texts in the field.
It's an ambitious and impressive effort, although I doubt that
anyone will ever completely believe either their data or their
results. Nevertheless, the data collection effort is laudable,
especially when they include information on parking and relative
speeds. Since reading this, I've improved my stats quite a bit, and
I'd like to revisit it (or their 1999 followup) and see if I buy
their results and conclusions. I'd also like to look into the
econometric models they criticised.
One choice quote: ``Toronto has a much stronger transit system
(50?? vehicle miles of service per capita) than do U.S. or
Australian cities, a feature with its dense land use; its provision
for automobiles is also much less than that in U.S. and Australian
cities. The diversity of its transit systems, which include
commuter rail, subway, modern trams on-street and new LRT on
separated tracks, electric trolleys, and diesel buses (as well as
comprehensive cycle ways), provides a powerful comparison to nearby
Detroit, which has an almost complete commitment to the automobile.
The per capita gasoline consmuption in Detroit is double that in
Toronto; transit use is 0.8 percent of total passenger miles in
Detroit, compared with 16.7 percent in Toronto. However, the
difference in gasoline consumption in Detroit and Toronto cannot be
explained simply by the difference in transit use. For example, if
all of Toronto's transit users transferred to car the per capita
use of gasoline would increase by 53 gallons, making Toronto's
usage still 184 gallons per capita lower than that of Detroit. The
Toronto transit system is part of an overall more energy-efficient
city, despite Toronto having lower gasoline prices in 1980 and less
fuel-efficient vehicles than the U.S. Indeed, Toronto is one of the
few cities in the world with well-developed policies for
transportation energy conservation based on land use strategies.''
}
}
@article{NewKen96,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {The land use-transportation connection: an overview},
year = 1996,
month = jan,
journal = {Land Use Policy},
volume = 13,
number = 1,
pages = {1--22},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, canada, land use transport link, urban form},
abstract = {
There is a growing international movement, ``The New Urbanism'',
which seeks to reconnect transport with land use and in particular
to establish transit-oriented development where higher-density,
mixed-use areas built around high-quality transit systems provide a
focused urban structure that can help to loosen the grasp of
automobile dependence. There are many case studies around the
world of cities which demonstrate this process of reconnecting
land use and transport. The cases of Singapore, Hong Kong,
Zurich (Switzerland), Copenhagen (Denmark), Freiburg (Germany),
Toronto and Vancouver (Canada), Portland, Oregon (USA) and Perth
(Australia) are briefly described here to show the various
levels of achievement in very different environments around the
world.
},
rating = 4,
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/NewKen96/index.html }
}
@book{NewKen99,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence},
year = 1999,
publisher = {Island Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
status = {read},
rating = 5,
keywords = {general interest, transport planning, urban planning, canada, land use transport link, urban form, energy, sustainability},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/NewKen99/index.html }
}
@article{PacSoc04,
author = {S.~Pacala and R.~Socolow},
title = {Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next
50 Years with Current Technologies},
year = 2004,
journal = {Science},
volume = 305,
month = aug,
pages = {968--972},
status = {read},
keywords = {climate mitigation, transport planning, energy},
url = {http://carbonsequestration.us/Papers-presentations/htm/Pacala-Socolow-ScienceMag-Aug2004.pdf}
}
@techreport{ParCerHowZup96c,
author = {{Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade \& Douglas, Inc.} and
Robert Cervero and {Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.} and
Jeffrey Zupan},
title = {Transit and Urban Form: A Guidebook for Practitioners},
type = {Report},
number = {16 Volume 2 Part III},
institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation
Research Board},
year = 1996,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
status = {read},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link},
url = {http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_16-3.pdf}
}
@book{PusZup77,
author = {Boris S.~Pushkarev and Jeffrey M.~Zupan},
title = {Public Transportation and Land Use Policy},
year = 1977,
publisher = {Indiana University Press},
address = { Bloomington, IN, USA },
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, transit, land use transport link},
status = {read},
rating = 5,
annoteurl = { http://www.davidpritchard.org/sustrans/PusZup77/index.html }
}
@incollection{KahKobBeuGasGreLeeMurNewPloSpeWitZho07,
author = {S.~{Kahn Ribeiro} and S.~Kobayashi and M.~Beuthe and J.~Gasca
and D.~Greene and D.S.~Lee and Y.~Muromachi and P.J.~Newton and
S.~Plotkin and D.~Sperling and R.~Wit and P.J.~Zhou},
title = {Transport and its infrastructure},
year = 2007,
chapter = 5,
editor = { B.~Metz and O.R.~Davidson and P.R.~Bosch and R.~Dave and
L.A.~Meyer},
booktitle = {Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working
Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
status = {read},
url = {http://arch.rivm.nl/env/int/ipcc/pages_media/FAR4docs/final%20pdfs%20of%20chapters%20WGIII/IPCC%20WGIII_chapter%205_final.pdf},
keywords = {climate mitigation, transport planning, energy}
}
@article{RieDan04,
author = {Piet Rietveld and Vanessa Daniel},
title = {Determinants of bicycle use: do municipal policies matter?},
year = 2004,
month = aug,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 38,
number = 7,
pages = {531--550},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transport planning},
status = {read},
annote = {
A useful read, featuring a regression analysis of 103 Dutch
cities, their cycling policies, network quality, and geographic
features. The Fietersbond (Dutch Cyclists' Union)
collected a lot of the data here, including a special bicycle that
measures pavement quality via vibrations! Before drawing
conclusions from their results, I'd like to normalize all of their
variables to better understand what the relative contribution of
each parameter was.
}
}
@techreport{Rob89,
author = {John Roberts},
title = {Quality Streets: How traditional urban centres benefit from
traffic-calming},
year = 1988,
month = may,
institution = {Transport and Environmental Studies (TEST)},
number = 75,
address = {London, UK},
rating = 5,
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Rob89/index.html },
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, pedestrian planning, traffic calming, streets}
}
@techreport{RTCAPBC99,
author = {{Rails-to-Trails Conservancy and the Association of
Pedestrian and Bicycle Professionals}},
title = {Improving Conditions for Bicycling and Walking: A Best
Practices Report},
year = 1998,
month = jan,
institution = {U.S.~Federal Highway Administration},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning},
url = {http://www.walkinginfo.org/task_orders/to_5/intro.pdf},
status = {read}
}
@article{Sch96,
author = {Paul Schimek},
title = {Household Motor Vehicle Ownership and Use: How Much Does
Residential Density Matter?},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1552,
pages = {120--125},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport modelling, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@unpublished{Sch97b,
author = {Paul Schimek},
title = {Understanding the Relatively Greater Use of Public Transit in
{C}anada Compared to the {USA}},
year = 1997,
institution = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of
Urban Studies and Planning},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
note = {Unpublished Ph.D. thesis},
keywords = {canada, transit, transport planning}
}
@techreport{SchPorPaySuhMoeWil99,
author = {W.L.~Schwartz and C.D.~Porter and G.C.~Payne and J.H.~Suhrbier
and P.C.~Moe and W.L.~{Wilkinson III}},
title = {Guidebook on Methods to Estimate Non-Motorized Travel:
Overview of Methods},
year = 1999,
number = {FHWA-RD-98-165},
institution = {U.S.~Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Administration},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning},
status = {read},
abstract = {
This guidebook provides a means for practitioners to better
understand and estimate bicycle and pedestrian travel and to
address transportation planning needs. The guidebook describes
and compares the various methods that can be used to forecast
non-motorized travel demand or that otherwise support the
prioritization and analyses of non-motorized projects. These
methods are categorized according to four major purposes: (1)
demand estimation; (2) relative demand potential; (3) supply
quality analysis; and (4) supporting tools and techniques.
Discrete choice models, regional travel models, sketch plan
methods, facility demand potential, bicycle compatibility
measures, and geographic information systems are among the
methods and tools described.
},
url = {http://www.walkinginfo.org/task_orders/to_12/to12/vol1/title.htm}
}
@article{Sho99,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {The Trouble with Minimum Parking Requirements},
year = 1999,
month = sep,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 33,
number = {7/8},
pages = {549--574},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, parking},
url = {http://vtpi.org/shoup.pdf},
annote = {
A top-notch article. Fascinating reading. I suspect that we need
some intermediate steps before priced curb parking could be viable,
but I like some of his analysis of the costs associated with
parking, and his illustration of the benefits of paid parking.
He raises some interesting novel points about (1) minimum parking
requirements depressing land values; (2) fee-in-lieu as a way of
gauging the value of parking spaces; (3) minimum parking
requirements mandate meeting the peak demand for free parking,
preventing a market from forming; (4) minimum parking requirements
derive from a desire to prevent spillover effects in residential
areas.
}
}
@article{Sho99b,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {Instead of Free Parking},
year = 1999,
journal = {Access Magazine},
volume = 15,
pages = {10--15},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, parking},
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/access.pl?access15.pdf}
}
@article{Sho02,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {Roughly Right or Precisely Wrong},
year = 2002,
journal = {Access Magazine},
volume = 20,
pages = {20--26},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, parking},
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/access.pl?access20.pdf}
}
@article{SonKna04,
author = {Yan Song and Gerrit-Jan Knaap},
title = {Measuring Urban Form: Is {P}ortland Winning the War on
Sprawl?},
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
year = 2004,
volume = 70,
number = 2,
url = {http://www.planning.org/japa/pdf/JAPAsong.pdf},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form},
status = {read}
}
@article{Tiw03,
author = {Geetam Tiwari},
title = {Transport and land-use policies in {D}elhi},
year = 2003,
journal = {Bulletin of the World Health Organization},
volume = 81,
pages = {444--450},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, equity}
}
@techreport{Tra03,
author = {TransLink},
title = {Sustainable Region Showcase for {G}reater {V}ancouver},
year = 2003,
month = may,
institution = {TransLink},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
status = {read},
keywords = {canada, transport planning, transit}
}
@techreport{TraBCA04,
author = {TransLink and {British Columbia Automobile Association}},
title = {Interest in Viable Transportation Options Among Private
Vehicle Drivers},
year = 2004,
month = jul,
institution = {TransLink},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.translink.bc.ca/files/polls_surveys/cust_satisfaction/Report_BCAA_GVTA_Travel_Choices_Quantitative_Nov2004.pdf},
keywords = {canada, data, transit, transport planning}
}
@book{ULINPA83,
author = {{Urban Land Institute} and {National Parking Association}},
title = {The Dimensions of Parking},
edition = {2nd},
publisher = {The Urban Land Institute},
year = 1983,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {parking, transport planning},
status = {read},
annote = {
Wow, what an awful collection of essays. I can't speak for the more
engineering-oriented chapters (``Construction Techniques'' or
``Ventilation''), but the chapters on energy and the environment
are so glib and blinkered that they're painful. ``Parking Demand''
was the most painful: after rightly pointing out the error of
relying on tables of ``questionable, inappropriate, unknown, or
obsolete origin'', Jean Keneipp then tells us to rely on these
tables as long as they come from state transportation departments.
He's also big on building to accommodate peak demand, instead of
absorbing peak demand with other modes. Sigh.
},
rating = 1
}
@techreport{Urb99,
author = {{Urban Systems Inc.}},
title = {Parking Issues and Opportunities},
year = 1999,
institution = {University of British Columbia Properties Inc.},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
url = {http://www.trek.ubc.ca/research/pdf/paper7.pdf},
keywords = {parking, transport planning, canada, transportation demand management},
annote = {
An interesting read. It has a lot of useful Vancouver context, in
more detail than other similar reports that I've read. That said,
it makes a classic planning mistake: they make some decisions by
surveying neighbouring jurisdictions and looking at averages.
},
status = {read}
}
@techreport{Urb04,
author = {Urban Systems Ltd.},
title = {Transportation Status Report: Fall 1997 to Fall 2003},
year = 2004,
institution = {University of British Columbia TREK Program Centre},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
url = {http://www.trek.ubc.ca/research/pdf/Fall 2003 Transportation Status Report.pdf},
keywords = {transport planning, canada},
status = {read}
}
@article{Wac89,
author = {Martin Wachs},
title = {When Planners Lie with Numbers},
year = 1989,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 55,
number = 4,
pages = {476--479},
status = {read},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, transport modelling},
annote = {
``You're the expert,'' says the client. ``If you can't produce an
estimate, nobody can.'' ``I'm not paying you for guesses,'' says
the supervisor. ``Where are the facts to back up your position?'' I
once told a client that I could not in good conscience produce a
forecast of the daily use of a proposed facility because there had
never been a facility of that type in the region, and there was no
experience on which to base a forecast. I was told, without even a
pretense of politeness, ``If you won't forecast, I'll get another
consultant.'' Another consultant was hired, and a forecast was made
and paid for. Should the forecast be considered a good technical
estimate, or a fiction produced to garner a fee by pleasing the
client?
}
}
@article{Wad02,
author = {Paul Waddell},
title = {Urban{S}im: Modeling Urban Development for Land Use, Transportation
and Environmental Planning},
year = 2002,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 68,
number = 3,
pages = {297--314},
annote = {
Interesting. Waddell gives a nod to Miller's 98 TRCP paper, generally
agreeing that it's a good description of an ``ideal model.'' Waddell's
model definitely tries to do a better job than earlier models, but the
simulation may still be too coarse to achieve its goals. There is no
modelling of the household, or much modelling of decision-making
procedures within the household. They use the same one-year timestep as
Miller, but only a five-year timestep for calculation of the
transportation network. Their ability to deal with other modes is
seriously limited - while disaggregation brings the scale down to a
reasonable level, they don't model automobile ownership, one of the key
decisions. They note the difficulty of validation against historical
data; even with a relatively stable period (1980-1994, little job
or pop changes), there's a fair bit of difference between their model
and others' models. And of course they can't hope to predict big changes -
like Weyerhaueser closing a plant. They're also still fairly cellular
automata based - transition rules instead of behavioural modelling.
},
keywords = {transport modelling, transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link},
status = {read}
}
@article{Whe03,
author = {Stephen M.~Wheeler},
title = {The Evolution of Urban Form in {P}ortland and {T}oronto:
implications for sustainability planning},
year = 2003,
month = jun,
journal = {Local Environment},
volume = 8,
number = 3,
pages = {317--336},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/1083947350-55615933/ftinterface~content=a713685047~fulltext=713240930},
keywords = {urban form, canada, streets, history, transport planning, urban planning, new urbanism},
abstract = {
This paper analyses the evolution of urban form in two North American
metropolitan regions (Portland and Toronto) and asks how more
sustainable regional form might come about in the future in these and
other urban areas. In the past, dominant patterns of urban form have
emerged in such regions at different historical periods. These
morphological phases include mid 19th-century grids, streetcar suburb
grids, garden suburbs, automobile suburbs and New Urbanist
neighbourhoods (which have only recently made an appearance and may or
may not become widespread). Judging by the performance of past types of
urban morphology, five design values appear particularly important for
more sustainable urban form in the future: compactness, contiguity,
connectivity, diversity and ecological integration. Although these
principles were not well supported by 20th-century development,
contemporary movements such as the New Urbanism and Smart Growth
re-emphasise them. The example of these two regions indicates that, in
the absence of new technological, economic or geographical forces,
public sector institutions and urban social movements represent the
most likely means to bring about new, more sustainable types of urban
form.
}
}
@article{Wil95,
author = {Richard W.~Willson},
title = {Suburban parking requirements: a tacit policy for automobile
use and sprawl},
year = 1995,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 61,
number = 1,
pages = {29--42},
status = {read},
quality = 4,
annote = {
One of the better parking papers that I've read, and one which
makes the connection to urban form explicit.
One sentence was phrased in a way that struck me: he notes that each
site is required to have adequate space to meet peak demands---rather
than allowing one ``peak'' site for the area. Existing parking
standards insist that parking must be provided exactly at the
destination, even for rare peak demands.
},
keywords = {transport planning, parking, land use transport link}
}
@techreport{AASHTO91,
author = {{American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials}},
title = {Guide for development of new bicycle facilities},
institution = {American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
year = 1991,
keywords = {bicycle planning, transport planning}
}
@book{Alt80,
author = {Alan Altshuler},
title = {The Urban Transportation System},
year = 1980,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@techreport{APTA97,
author = {{American Public Transit Association}},
title = {The Transit Fact book, 1996--97},
year = 1997,
institution = {American Public Transit Association},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@article{AndKanMilBul96,
author = {William P.~Anderson and Pavlos S.~Kanaroglou and Eric
J.~Miller and Ron N.~Buliung},
title = {Simulating Automobile Emissions in an Integrated Urban Model},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1520,
pages = {71--80},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling, ilute},
abstract = {
The network component of an integrated urban model called IMULATE
is interfaced with the MOBILE5.C emissions models. IMULATE
produces estimates of traffic flows and average speeds on each
link in an urban road network using a user equilibrium
assignment algorithm. This information is combined with
speed-dependent emissions factors generated by MOBILE5.C to
calculate estimates of the three types of emissions on a
link-by-link basis. The combined models are implemented for the
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, metropolitan area. Simulations are
conducted to illustrate the spatial patterns of emissions in
the morning peak period and to demonstrate the impact of
congestion on emissions estimates. The incorporation of
detailed network performance information yields significant
benefits in the estimation of regional automobile emissions.
}
}
@book{ArnRavSch05,
author = {Richard Arnott and Tilmann Rave and Ronnie Schob},
title = {Alleviating Urban Traffic Congestion},
year = 2005,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {congestion pricing, transport planning, urban economics, bicycle planning, parking},
annote = {
Apparently contains a fairly positive view of cycling, from a group
of economists.
}
}
@article{Axh00,
author = {Kay W.~Axhausen},
title = {Geographies of Somewhere: A Review of Urban Literature},
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 37,
number = 16,
pages = {1849--1864},
year = 2000,
abstract = { The past 10 years have seen the publication of a whole range of
books from the US dealing with the loss of place in one way or the
other. The books under review were, in general, written for broad
audiences and are, in many cases, campaign documents. Their success
and substantial number indicate an unease, which many academic
texts cannot formulate. They are in this way evidence, in just the
same way as were The Death and Life of Great American Cities or
Edge City. This European-based review will critically review these
recent books in an attempt to highlight their common threads. While
the books show particular concern for the poverty of current urban
and suburban environments, they lack any substantial discussion of
the economic mechanisms which are reproducing the undesired
results. They are also unaware of the recent developments in
communications and transport technologies, which have considerable
potential to influence future trends, which will be discussed in
the review. Also included in the review are a number of
transport-oriented books, as they formulate a different aspect of
the same concern about the built environment.
},
keywords = { urban planning, transport planning, general interest }
}
@article{BadMil98b,
author = {Daniel A.~Badoe and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Modeling mode choice with data from two independent
cross-sectional surveys: an investigation},
year = 1998,
journal = {Transportation Planning and Technology},
volume = 21,
pages = {235--261},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling, ilute},
abstract = {
The prevailing practice in travel demand modelling is to estimate
disaggregate models of mode choice with data from the most
recent cross-sectional travel survey available on an urban area
for forecasting purposes. Very often, however, most urban areas
have available data from older cross-sectional surveys,
which are often entirely ignored in the modelling
effort. This paper explores the possibility of
pooling data from two independent cross-sectional
travel surveys on the same urban area for model
estimation and forecasting by applying a model
structure which allows for transfer-bias, referred
to as the joint context estimation procedure. This
procedure consists of joint, full information
maximum likelihood estimation of a related set of
logit choice models for the contexts which are
based on the following two assumptions: (1)
differences in model parameter values between
contexts are expressible in terms of differences
in the contexts' alternative-specific constants
and overall scale of the contexts' utility
functions; and (2) aside from these differences in
alternative-specific constants and scales, model
parameters are common across contexts. An
empirical case study is presented, involving the
use of two datasets, gathered 22 years apart (1964
and 1986) for the Greater Toronto Area
(GTA), to estimate morning peak period work trip
mode choice models. The estimated models are
applied in prediction tests on the 1964, 1986 and
a third independent data set, the 1991-data, also
collected in the GTA. The performance of the joint
context models is compared to that of an
independent model, estimated on the 1986 data
only. The results clearly demonstrate that joint
context estimation dominates the independent
1986-model in predictive performance. The paper
concludes by briefly discussing the possible
roles, which joint context estimation might play
in the development of improved transferability of
disaggregate choice models.
}
}
@article{Baj83,
author = {Vladimir Bajic},
title = {The effects of a subway line on housing prices in
{M}etropolitan {T}oronto},
year = 1983,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 20,
number = 2,
pages = {147--158},
keywords = { transport planning, canada, land use transport link },
annote = {
Sounds interesting---looks at the impacts on real estate around the
Spadina line.
}
}
@article{Ban94b,
author = {David Banister},
title = {Reducing the need to travel through planning},
year = 1994,
journal = {Town Planning Review},
volume = 65,
pages = {349--354},
keywords = {transport planning, transportation demand management}
}
@book{BanMar99,
author = {David Banister and Stephen Marshall},
title = {Encouraging Travel Alternatives: Good Practice in Reducing
Travel},
year = 1999,
publisher = {The Stationery Office Books},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@book{BanSteSteAkeDreNijSch00,
author = {David Banister and Dominic Stead and Peter Steen and Jonas
{\AA}kerman and Karl Dreborg and Peter Nijkamp and Ruggero
Schleicher-Tappeser},
title = {European Transport Policy and Sustainable Mobility},
publisher = {E\&FN Spon},
address = {London, UK},
year = 2000,
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{BanWatWoo97,
author = {David Banister and S.~Watson and C.~Wood},
title = {Sustainable cities: transport, energy and urban form},
year = 1997,
journal = {Environment and Planning B},
volume = 24,
number = 2,
pages = {125--143},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@book{BauOat88,
author = {W.J.~Baumol and W.E.~Oates},
title = {The Theory of Environmental Policy},
edition = {2nd},
year = 1988,
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@techreport{BCT89,
author = {{BC~Transit}},
title = {Sky{T}rain: A Catalyst for Development},
year = 1989,
month = apr,
address = {Vancouver, BC, USA},
institution = {BC~Transit},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, canada}
}
@book{BerCer97,
author = {M.~Bernick and Robert Cervero},
title = {Transit villages in the 21st century},
year = 1997,
publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {transit, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@article{Boa98,
author = {Marlon G.~Boarnet},
title = {Spillovers and locational effect of public infrastructure},
year = 1998,
journal = {Journal of Regional Science},
volume = 38,
number = 3,
pages = {381--400},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link}
}
@article{BoaCha01,
author = {Marlon G.~Boarnet and S.~Chalermpong},
title = {New highways, house prices, and urban development: a case
study of toll roads in {O}range {C}ounty, {CA}},
year = 2001,
journal = {Housing Policy Debate},
volume = 12,
number = 3,
pages = {575--605},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link}
}
@book{BoaCra01,
author = {Marlon G.~Boarnet and Randall Crane},
title = {Travel by design: the influence of urban form on travel},
year = 2001,
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling, urban planning, land use transport link},
annote = {
The chapter I've read (2) was a fairly technical look at modelling
the impacts of land use changes on travel demand.
}
}
@article{BoaSar98,
author = {Marlon G.~Boarnet and S.~Sarmiento},
title = {Can land-use policy really affect travel behavior: a study of
the link between non-work travel and land-use characteristics},
year = 1998,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 35,
pages = {1155--1169},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban form, transport planning, urban planning }
}
@article{BolIhl97,
author = {C.~Bollinger and K.~Ihlandfeldt},
title = {The impact of rapid rail transit on economic development: the
case of {A}tlanta's {MARTA}},
year = 1997,
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
volume = 42,
pages = {179--204},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@techreport{BonSta93,
author = {J.~Bonsall and R.~Stacey},
title = {A Rapid Transit Strategy into the Next Century},
year = 1993,
institution = {OC Transpo},
address = {Ottawa, ON, Canada},
type = {Mimeo},
keywords = { canada, transit, transport planning }
}
@incollection{Bou00,
author = {M.E.~Bouwman},
title = {Changing mobility patterns in a compact city: Environmental
impacts},
year = 2000,
booktitle = {Compact Cities and Sustainable Urban Development: A
critical assessment of policies and plans from an international
perspective},
editor = {G.~{de Roo} and D.~Miller},
publisher = {Ashgate},
address = {Aldershot, UK},
keywords = {urban form, energy, transport planning, land use transport link},
annote = {
Allegedly finds very little differences in energy use across a
range of spatial settings in the Netherlands.
}
}
@incollection{BovOrfZum93,
author = {P.~Bovy and J.~Orfeuil and D.~Zumkeller},
title = {Europe: A Heterogenous Single Market},
year = 1993,
booktitle = {A Billion Trips a Day},
editor = {I.~{Salomon et al.}},
publisher = {Kluwer},
address = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@incollection{Boy76,
author = {D.~Boyce},
title = {Impact of Rapid Transit on Residential Property Sales Prices},
year = 1976,
booktitle = {Space Location and Regional Development},
editor = {M.~Chatterjee},
pages = {145--153},
publisher = {Pion},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning, transit, urban planning, urban form}
}
@book{BraKel96,
author = {L.~Branscomb and J.~Keller},
title = {Converging Infrastructures: Intelligent Transportation and the
National Information Infrastructure},
year = 1996,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{Bra99,
author = {Stefan Bratzel},
title = {Conditions of success in sustainable urban transport policy:
policy change in `relatively successful' {E}uropean cities},
year = 1999,
journal = {Transport Reviews},
volume = 19,
number = 2,
pages = {177--190},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@book{Bre92,
author = {Michael J.~Breheney},
title = {Sustainable Development and Urban Form},
year = 1992,
publisher = {Pion},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban form, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@incollection{Bre96b,
author = {Michael J.~Breheney},
title = {Centrists, Decentrists and Compromisers: Views on the Future
of Urban Form},
year = 1996,
booktitle = {The Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Form?},
editor = {Mike Jenks and Elizabeth Burton and Katie Williams},
publisher = {E\&FN Spon},
address = {London, UK},
pages = {13--35},
keywords = {urban form, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@article{Bri92,
author = {Ray E.~Brindle},
title = {{T}oronto---paradigm lost?},
year = 1992,
journal = {Australian Planner},
volume = 30,
number = 3,
pages = {123--130},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, canada}
}
@article{Bri03b,
author = {Ray E.~Brindle},
title = {Kicking the habit (part 2): what are the real options for
reducing `car dependence'?},
year = 2003,
month = dec,
journal = {Road and Transport Research},
volume = 12,
number = 4,
pages = {34--40},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@article{BruVuc95,
author = {Eric C.~Bruun and Vukan R.~Vuchic},
title = {Time-area concept: Development, meaning and applications},
year = 1995,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1499,
pages = {95--104},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{BruVucShi99,
author = {Eric C.~Bruun and Vukan R.~Vuchic and Yong-Eun Shin},
title = {Time-distance diagrams: A powerful tool for service planning
and control},
year = 1999,
journal = {Journal of Public Transportation},
volume = 2,
number = 2,
keywords = {transport planning, transit}
}
@book{Buc58,
author = {Colin D.~Buchanan},
title = {Mixed Blessing: The Motor in {B}ritain},
year = 1958,
publisher = {Leonard Hill},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {transport planning, history}
}
@book{BunFil00,
editor = {Trudi Bunting and Pierre Filion},
title = {{C}anadian Cities in Transition: The Twenty-First Century},
edition = {2nd},
year = 2000,
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
keywords = {canada, urban planning, geography, transport planning, history, urban economics}
}
@incollection{CamCapNij99,
author = {R.~Camagni and R.~Capello and P.~Nijkamp},
title = {New governance principles for sustainable urban transport},
editor = {R.~Camagni and R.~Capello and P.~Nijkamp},
booktitle = {New Contributions to Transportation Analysis in {E}urope},
year = 1999,
pages = {213--250},
publisher = {Ashgate},
address = {Brookfield, VT, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, governance}
}
@article{CamLyoKen04,
author = {I.~Cameron and T.J.~Lyons and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Trends in vehicle kilometers of travel in world cities,
1960--1990: underlying drivers and policy responses},
year = 2004,
month = jul,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 11,
number = 3,
pages = {287--298},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning}
}
@techreport{CCIL83,
author = {{Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie de {L}yon, Direction
Promotion du Commerce, Service Urbanisme Commercial et Etudes}},
title = {Deplacements moyens de transports liés aux achats},
year = 1983,
institution = {Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie de Lyon},
address = {Lyon, France},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{Cer84,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Light Rail Transit and Urban Development},
year = 1984,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 50,
number = 2,
pages = {133--147},
keywords = {urban planning, transit, transport planning, rail, land use transport link}
}
@article{Cer85,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {The Anatomy of Transit Operating Deficits},
year = 1985,
journal = {Urban Law and Policy},
volume = 6,
number = 3,
pages = {281--298},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@article{Cer85b,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {A tale of two cities: Light rail transit in {C}anada},
year = 1985,
journal = {Journal of Transportation Engineering},
volume = 111,
number = 6,
pages = {633--650},
keywords = {canada, transit, transport planning}
}
@article{Cer86,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Urban Transit in {C}anada: Integration and Innovation at its
Best},
year = 1986,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 40,
number = 3,
pages = {293--316},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, canada, transit}
}
@techreport{Cer86b,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Suburban Gridlock},
institution = {Center for Urban Policy Research},
address = {New Brunswick, NJ, USA},
year = 1986,
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@article{Cer88,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Land Use Mixing and Suburban Mobility},
year = 1988,
month = jul,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
pages = {429--446},
volume = 42,
number = 3,
keywords = { urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link },
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/countdown.pl?003.pdf}
}
@article{Cer89,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Jobs-Housing Balance and Regional Mobility},
year = 1989,
journal = {American Planning Association Journal},
volume = 55,
number = 2,
pages = {136--150},
keywords = { urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link, urban form },
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/countdown.pl?050.pdf}
}
@book{Cer89c,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {America's Suburban Centers: The Land Use-Transportation Link},
year = 1989,
publisher = {Unwin-Hyman},
address = {Boston, MA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link }
}
@article{Cer91,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Land uses and travel at suburban activity centers},
year = 1991,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 45,
pages = {479--491},
keywords = { urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link }
}
@article{Cer91b,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Congestion, Growth, and Public Choices},
year = 1991,
month = mar,
journal = {Berkeley Planning Journal},
keywords = { urban planning, transport planning },
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/countdown.pl?051.pdf}
}
@article{Cer91c,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Congestion relief: the land use alternative},
year = 1991,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 10,
pages = {119--129},
keywords = {urban form, urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@techreport{Cer93,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Ridership Impacts of Transit-Focused Development in
{C}alifornia},
year = 1993,
type = {Monograph},
number = 45,
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
institution = {Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University
of California},
keywords = {transit, urban form, land use transport link, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@article{Cer93c,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Assessing the impacts of urban rail transit on local real
estate markets using quasi-experimental comparisons},
year = 1993,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 27,
number = 1,
pages = {13--22},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link}
}
@article{Cer94,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Making Transit Work in the Suburbs},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1451,
pages = {3--11},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@article{Cer94b,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Rail transit and joint development: Land market impacts in
{W}ashington, {D.C.} and {A}tlanta},
year = 1994,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 60,
number = 1,
pages = {83--94},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@techreport{Cer95b,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {{BART @ 20}: Land Use and Development Impacts},
year = 1995,
type = {Monograph},
number = 49,
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
institution = {Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University
of California},
keywords = {transit, urban planning, land use transport link, transport planning}
}
@article{Cer96,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Mixed Land-Uses and Commuting: Evidence from the {A}merican
Housing Survey},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 30,
number = 5,
pages = {361--377},
keywords = { transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link, urban form },
abstract = {
Past research suggests that mixed land-uses encourage non-auto
commuting; however, the evidence remains sketchy. This paper
explores this question by investigating how the presence of
retail activities in neighborhoods influences the commuting
choices of residents using data from the 1985 American Housing
Survey. Having grocery stores and other consumer services
within 300 feet of one's residence is found to encourage
commuting by mass transit, walking and bicycling, controlling
for such factors as residential densities and vehicle ownership
levels. When retail shops are beyond 300 feet yet within 1
mile of residences, however, they tend to encourage
auto-commuting, ostensibly because of the ability to
efficiently link work and shop trips by car. The
presence of nearby commercial land-uses is also
associated with relatively low vehicle ownership rates
and short commuting distances among residents of a
mixed-use neighborhood. Overall, residential densities
exerted a stronger influence on commuting mode choices
than levels of land-use mixture, except for walking and
bicycle commutes. For non-motorized commuting, the
presence or absence of neighborhood shops is a better
predictor of mode choice than residential densities.
}
}
@article{Cer96c,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Traditional Neighborhoods and Commuting in the {S}an
{F}rancisco {B}ay {A}rea},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 23,
pages = {373--394},
keywords = {urban form, transport planning, urban planning, urban design}
}
@book{Cer97,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Paratransit in {A}merica: Redefining Mass Transportation},
year = 1997,
publisher = {Praeger},
address = {Westport, CT, USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@incollection{Cer01,
author = {Robert Cervero},
title = {Integration of Urban Transport and Urban Planning},
editor = {M.~Freire and R.~Stren},
booktitle = {The Challenge of Urban Government: Policies and
Practices},
year = 2001,
pages = {407--427},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
publisher = {The World Bank Institute},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@article{CerHan02,
author = {Robert Cervero and M.~Hansen},
title = {Induced travel demand and induced road investment: a
simultaneous-equation analysis},
year = 2002,
journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy},
volume = 36,
number = 3,
pages = {469--490},
keywords = {induced travel, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@techreport{CerSes95,
author = {Robert Cervero and Samuel Seskin},
title = {The Relationship Between Transit and Urban Form},
year = 1995,
type = {Research Results Digest},
number = 7,
institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation
Research Board, National Research Council},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, land use transport link, transport planning, urban planning, urban form}
}
@article{CerTsa03,
author = {Robert Cervero and Yu-Hsin Tsai},
title = {Job Access and Reverse Commuting Initiatives in {C}alifornia:
Review \& Assessment},
year = 2003,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1859,
pages = {79--86},
keywords = {urban form, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@article{CerTsa04,
author = {Robert Cervero and Yu-Hsin Tsai},
title = {City {C}ar{S}hare in {S}an {F}rancisco, {C}alifornia: Second-
year travel demand and car ownership impacts},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1887,
pages = {117--127},
keywords = {car sharing, transport planning}
}
@article{CerWu97,
author = {Robert Cervero and K.L.~Wu},
title = {Polycentrism, Commuting, and Residential Location in the {S}an
{F}rancisco {B}ay {A}rea},
year = 1997,
journal = {Environment and Planning A},
volume = 29,
pages = {865--886},
keywords = {urban form, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@book{Cha92,
author = {K.~Chatzis},
title = {A Conceptual Framework for Analysing the Long-term Evolution
of Regulatory Control Practices within Large Technical Systems},
year = 1992,
publisher = {Mimeo},
keywords = {transport planning, governance}
}
@book{Chi98,
author = {Mark Childs},
title = {Parking Spaces: A Design, Implementation and Use Manual for
Architects, Planners and Engineers},
year = 1998,
publisher = {McGraw Hill},
keywords = {transport planning, parking}
}
@inproceedings{CoxLovNew97,
author = {W.~Cox and J.~Love and N.~Newton},
title = {Competition in Public Transport: International State of the
Art},
year = 1997,
booktitle = {Paper presented at the Fifth International Conference on
Competition and Ownership in Passenger Transport},
address = {Leeds, UK},
month = may,
keywords = {transit, finance, transport planning}
}
@article{Cra96,
author = {Randall Crane},
title = {The influence of uncertain job location on urban form and the
journey to work},
year = 1996,
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
volume = 39,
number = 3,
pages = {342--358},
keywords = {transport planning, urban form, land use transport link, location choice}
}
@article{Cra99b,
author = {Randall Crane},
title = {The influence of urban form on travel: an interpretive
review},
journal = {Journal of Planning Literature},
year = 1999,
volume = 15,
pages = {3--23},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@article{Cra00,
author = {Randall Crane},
title = {The impacts of urban form on travel: an interpretive review},
year = 2000,
journal = {Journal of Planning Literature},
volume = 15,
pages = {3--23},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban form, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@article{CraCre98,
author = {Randall Crane and R.~Crepeau},
title = {Does neighbourhood design influence travel? A behavioral
analysis of travel diary and GIS data},
year = 1998,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 3,
number = 4,
pages = {225--238},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@article{Cul92,
author = {S.~Cullinane},
title = {Attitudes towards the car in the {UK}: some implications for
policies on congestion and the environment},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation Review},
volume = {26A},
pages = {291--301},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{DamLer80,
author = {D.~Damm and A.~Lerman},
title = {Response of Urban Real Estate Values in Anticipation of the
{W}ashington {M}etro},
year = 1980,
journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy},
volume = 1,
number = 3,
pages = {315--335},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@book{DanWar80,
author = {P.W.~Daniels and A.M.~Warnes},
title = {Movement in Cities: Spatial Perspectives in Urban Transport
and Travel},
year = 1980,
publisher = {Methuen},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@inproceedings{DasWeb92,
author = {M.~Dasgupta and F.~Webster},
title = {Land Use/Transport Interaction: Policy Relevance of the
{ISGLUTI} Study},
year = 1992,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth World Conference on Transport
Research},
address = {Lyon, France},
publisher = {World Congress on Transport Research},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@mastersthesis{Dav97b,
author = {Gavin Davidson},
title = {Area Wide Traffic Management: A Strategy for Improving the
Economic, Social and Environmental Health of Urban Centers},
year = 1997,
school = {Simon Fraser University, School of Resource and Environmental
Management},
address = {Burnaby, BC, Canada},
keywords = {transport planning, traffic calming, canada}
}
@inproceedings{DeaLat98,
author = {Elizabeth Deakin and T.~Lathrop},
year = 1998,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Research Needs in Land
Use Modeling and Analysis},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
month = jun,
keywords = {transport modelling, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@article{Dea75,
author = {M.~Dear},
title = {Rapid Transit and Suburban Residential Land Uses},
year = 1975,
journal = {Traffic Quarterly},
volume = 29,
number = 2,
pages = {223--242},
keywords = {land use transport link, transit, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@article{DeL96,
author = {Marc De{L}ucchi},
title = {Total Cost of Motor-Vehicle Use},
year = 1996,
journal = {Access Magazine},
volume = 8,
pages = {7--13},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{Dew76,
author = {Donald Dewees},
title = {The effect of a subway on residential property values in
{T}oronto},
year = 1976,
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
volume = 3,
number = 4,
pages = {357--369},
keywords = {canada, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@inproceedings{Dil04,
author = {Jennifer Dill},
title = {Measuring Network Connectivity for Bicycling and Walking},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 84th meeting of the Transportation
Research Board},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, urban planning, transport planning},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb/trb2004/TRB2004-001550.pdf}
}
@book{Dim90,
author = {H.~Dimitriou},
title = {Transport Planning for Third World Cities},
year = 1990,
publisher = {Routledge},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{Din78,
author = {D.~Dingemans},
title = {Rapid Transit and Suburban Residential Land Use},
journal = {Traffic Quarterly},
year = 1978,
volume = 32,
number = 2,
pages = {289--306},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link, transit}
}
@techreport{DivNewKen96,
author = {G.~Diver and Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {An evaluation of Better Cities: Environmental Component},
year = 1996,
institution = {Government of Australia, Department of Environment,
Sport and Territories},
address = {Canberra, Australia},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@techreport{Don82,
author = {P.~Donnelly},
title = {Rail Transit Impact Studies: {A}tlanta, {W}ashington, and
{S}an {D}iego},
year = 1982,
institution = {Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S.
Department of Transportation},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@techreport{Dor75,
author = {D.~Dornbush},
title = {{BART}-Induced Changes in Property Values and Rents: Land Use
and Urban Development Projects, Phase I, {BART} Impact Study},
year = 1975,
institution = {U.S. Department of Transportation and U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban Development},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, land use transport link, urban form, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@techreport{DowIreSkaGilStoHorBowDeaDul00,
author = {Richard Dowling and Ireson and Skabardonis and Gillen and Stopher and
Horowitz and Bowman and Elizabeth Deakin and Dulla},
title = {Predicting Short-Term and Long-Term Air Quality Effects of
Traffic-Flow Improvement Projects},
number = {NCHRP 25-21},
institution = {Transportation Research Board},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
year = 2000,
keywords = {transport planning},
url = {http://faculty.washington.edu/pwaddell/Models/NCHRP25-21.pdf}
}
@article{Dow62,
author = {Anthony Downs},
title = {The Law of Peak-Hour Expressway Congestion},
year = 1962,
journal = {Traffic Quarterly},
volume = 33,
pages = {347--362},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling, induced travel}
}
@article{DunFis96,
author = {R.~Dunphy and K.~Fisher},
title = {Transportation, congestion and density: New insights},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1552,
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@techreport{Dur96,
author = {Alan Durning},
title = {The Car and the City},
year = 1996,
institution = {Northwest Environment Watch},
annote = {Comparison of Portland, Seattle and Vancouver},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, canada}
}
@techreport{ECO01,
author = {{ECONorthwest}},
title = {Metro Urban Centers: An Evaluation of the Density of
Development},
year = 2001,
month = jul,
institution = {Metro},
address = {Portland, OR},
url = {http://www.metro-region.org/library_docs/land_use/centersreport.pdf},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@techreport{Ene94,
author = {{Energy Pathways, Inc.}},
title = {Condominium Parking Standards in {M}ississauga},
year = 1994,
institution = {Canadian Mortgage and Housing Association},
address = {Ottawa, ON, Canada},
keywords = {transport planning, parking}
}
@techreport{EPA00,
author = {{U.S.~Environmental Protection Agency}},
title = {Projecting Land-Use Change: A Summary of Models for Assessing
the Effects of Community Growth and Change on Land-Use Patterns},
number = {EPA/600/R-00/098},
year = 2000,
institution = {U.S.~Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development},
address = {Cincinnati, OH, USA},
keywords = {transport planning},
url = {http://faculty.washington.edu/pwaddell/Models/REPORTfinal2.pdf}
}
@article{Evi95,
author = {B.~Evill},
title = {Population, urban density and fuel use: Eliminating the
spurious correlation},
year = 1995,
journal = {Urban Policy and Research},
volume = 13,
number = 1,
pages = {29--36},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning},
annote = {
Demonstrated that NewKen89's approach was sound.
}
}
@article{Ewi95,
author = {Reid Ewing},
title = {Measuring Transportation Performance},
year = 1995,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 49,
number = 1,
pages = {91--104},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@book{Ewi97b,
author = {Reid Ewing},
title = {Transportation \& Land Use Innovations: When you can't pave
your way out of congestion},
year = 1997,
publisher = {American Planning Association},
address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@inproceedings{EwiCer01,
author = {Reid Ewing and Robert Cervero},
title = {Travel and the built environment---synthesis},
year = 2001,
month = oct,
booktitle = {Redefining, reevaluating and reinventing transit: the
transportation/land~use/environmental connection},
series = {Annual Policy and Research Symposium Series},
address = {UCLA Conference Center, Lake Arrowhead, CA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, transit, urban planning}
}
@article{EwiHalPag94,
author = {Reid Ewing and Padma Haliyur and G.~William Page},
title = {Getting Around a Traditional City, a Suburban Planned Unit
Development, and Everything in Between},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1466,
pages = {53--62},
keywords = {transport planning, urban form}
}
@techreport{Fee86,
author = {B.P.~Feeney},
title = {A Review of the Impact of Parking Policy Measures on Travel
Demand},
year = 1986,
institution = {Swedish Road and Traffic Research Institute},
type = {VTI Rapport},
number = {308A},
address = {Linkoping, Sweden},
keywords = {parking, transport planning}
}
@techreport{FeiHoyMcNMooCamLea03,
author = {Sharon Feigon and David Hoyt and Lisa Mc{N}ally and Ryan
Mooney-Bullock and Sara Campbell and Dennis Leach},
title = {Travel Matters: Mitigating Climate Change With Sustainable
Surface Transportation},
year = 2003,
type = {Report},
number = 93,
institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation Research Board},
address = {Washington, D.C.},
url = {http://www.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_93.pdf&ei=EQo9R5v8K4rWigG0seCYCA&usg=AFQjCNGdHBFJhGgH8kEyYZHYRuyf5fUUPw&sig2=nP9bG43DTunxOI8uzz4PLA},
keywords = {transport planning, climate mitigation}
}
@article{FeiRot04,
author = {Eran Feitelson and Orit Rotem},
title = {The case for taxing surface parking},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 9,
number = 4,
pages = {319--333},
abstract = {
Surface parking generates multiple externalities. If left to the
market the supply of parking is likely to be suboptimal. But
parking requirements ignore most of the externalities. This
paper suggests that a tax approach may be a more efficient
method to internalize the externalities associated with parking
provision, thereby assuring an optimal supply of parking.
However, in practice it is infeasible to value all
externalities in monetary terms and to set such a tax. Hence, a
suboptimal flat surface parking tax is advanced. In addition to
its contribution to the reduction of externalities from land
cover, this tax is likely to have several noteworthy positive
attributes. It is simple to assess. It will provide an
incentive for intensifying the use of parking. It may also
increase the attractiveness of providing underground parking
relative to surface parking, thereby reducing the
attractiveness of suburban retail centers relative to central
cities. A discussion of implementation issues suggests that a
surface parking tax may face relatively low transaction costs.
These will be largely a function of the use of revenues. Hence,
the use of revenues should be specified when such a tax is
proposed.
},
keywords = {parking, transport planning }
}
@article{Fer90,
author = {Erik Ferguson},
title = {Transportation Demand Management: Planning, Development and
Implementation},
year = 1990,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 56,
number = 4,
pages = {442--456},
keywords = {transportation demand management, transport planning}
}
@book{FHWA89,
author = {{U.S.~Federal Highway Administration}},
title = {Highway Statistics 1989},
year = {1989},
publisher = {U.S.~Department of Transportation},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@book{FHWA91,
author = {{U.S.~Federal Highway Administration}},
title = {Highway Statistics 1991},
year = {1991},
publisher = {U.S.~Department of Transportation},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@techreport{FHWA99-2,
author = {{U.S.~Federal Highway Administration}},
title = {Guidebook on Methods to Estimate Non-Motorized Travel:
Supporting Documentation},
year = 1999,
number = {FHWA-RD-98-166},
institution = {U.S.~Department of Transportation},
keywords = {transport planning, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning},
url = {http://www.walkinginfo.org/task_orders/to_12/to12/vol2/title.htm}
}
@article{FieKle93,
author = {G.J.~Fielding and D.B.~Klein},
title = {How to Franchise Highways},
year = 1993,
journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy},
volume = 27,
number = 2,
pages = {113--130},
keywords = {transport planning, congestion pricing}
}
@article{FitSmi93,
author = {F.~Fitzroy and I.~Smith},
title = {Priority Over Pricing: Lessons from {Z}urich on the Redundacy of
Road Pricing},
year = 1993,
journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy},
volume = 27,
number = 2,
pages = {207--214},
keywords = {transport planning, congestion pricing}
}
@article{ForGleWar96,
author = {D.~Forrest and J.~Glen and R.~Ward},
title = {The impacts of a light rail system on the structure of house
prices: a hedonic longitudinal study},
year = 1996,
journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy},
volume = 30,
number = 1,
pages = {15--30},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning}
}
@article{Fra98,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank},
title = {Improving Air Quality through Growth Management and Travel
Reduction Strategies},
year = 1998,
journal = {Journal of Urban Planning and Development},
volume = 124,
number = 1,
pages = {11--32},
keywords = {transport planning, transportation demand management, urban
form, climate mitigation},
abstract = {
Land-use impacts on travel demand and vehicle emissions is
emerging as a topic of major interest, as several regions
around the nation struggle to demonstrate conformance with the
requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA).
The implementation of the CAAA threatens the withholding of
federal transportation funding from several regions unable to
demonstrate the ability to meet milestone reductions in
emissions required by the CAAA. A case study of a network of
policies emerging in Washington State as part of growth
management efforts is presented. These policies, when coupled
with federal clean air (CAAA) and surface transportation
legislation (ISTEA), provide a framework for the
implementation of land-use strategies that are associated with
less vehicular travel and emissions. A review of the land
development and transportation investment policies espoused in
newly adopted local comprehensive plans in the Central Puget
Sound Region of Washington State are presented. This review
indicates a shift toward planning solutions that could result
in reduced vehicle emissions if implemented.
}
}
@article{Fra00,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank},
title = {Land use and transportation interaction: implications on
public health and quality of life},
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
year = 2000,
month = sep,
volume = 20,
number = 1,
pages = {6--22},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, active transportation, land use transport link},
url = {http://www.act-trans.ubc.ca/documents/Frank\%20-\%20JPER\%20-\%202000.pdf},
abstract = {
Increases in per capita vehicle usage and associated emissions have
spawned
an increased the examination of the ways in which our communities and
regions are developing. Associated with increased vehicle usage are
decreased levels of walking and biking, two valid forms of physical
activity. The Surgeon General's 1996 report, Physical Activity and
Health, highlights the increasing level of physical inactivity as a
growing cause of mortality. The costs and benefits of contrasting land
development and transportation investment practices have been the
subject of considerable debate in the literature. Findings have
been refuted based on methodological grounds and inaccurate
interpretation of data. Several of these studies, their methodological
approaches, and their critiques are analyzed. While most agree that the
built environment influences travel, considerable disagreement exists
over the likely impacts of increased density, mix, and street
connectivity on air quality, transportation system performance, and
household activity patterns.
}
}
@article{Fra01,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank},
title = {Transportation, Air Quality and Thinking Big: Pollution
Control Requires a Holistic Approach},
year = 2001,
journal = {T.R.~News},
volume = 213,
pages = {35--37},
keywords = {energy, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@inproceedings{Fra02,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank},
title = {Land Use and Transportation},
year = 2002,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Environment Research Needs in
Transportation},
publisher = {Transportation Research Board},
pages = {127--137},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@article{FraDun98,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Robert T.~Dunphy},
title = {{S}mart {G}rowth and Transportation},
year = 1998,
month = may,
journal = {Urban Land},
volume = 76,
number = 5,
pages = {58--63},
publisher = {Urban Land Institute},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@techreport{FraEng00,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Peter O.~Engelke},
title = {An Annotated Bibliography of Research on Land Development and
Transportation Practices that Impact Physical Activity and Health},
year = 2000,
month = jan,
institution = {Active Community Environments},
type = {Working Paper},
number = 2,
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, active transportation, urban form, land use transport link, urban planning},
url = {http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/pdf/aces-workingpaper2.pdf}
}
@article{FraEng01,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Peter O.~Engelke},
title = {The built environment and human activity patterns: exploring
the impacts of urban form on public health},
year = 2001,
month = nov,
journal = {Journal of Planning Literature},
volume = 16,
number = 2,
pages = {202--218},
keywords = {active transportation, urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link},
url = {http://www.act-trans.ubc.ca/documents/Frank\%20and\%20Engelke\%20-\%20JPL\%20-\%202001.pdf},
abstract = {
An increasing body of evidence suggests that moderate forms of
physical activity (such as walking and bicycling), when engaged
in regularly, can have important beneficial effects on public
health. This article reviews current public health, planning,
and urban design research to determine, first, how walking and
bicycling might be critically important exercise behaviors for
improving public health, second, how urban form affects the
frequency of walking and bicycling as a form of physical
activity, and third, how the public health considerations
outlined in this article might reorient planners' thinking
toward the realization of health-promotive environments. The
current lack of emphasis on the interdependencies between built
form and overall quality of life, as measured by health,
safety, and welfare considerations, suggests the need for a
rethinking of public policy approaches to transportation
investment and land development.
}
}
@article{FraEng04,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Peter O.~Engelke},
title = {Multiple Impacts of Urban Form on Public Health},
year = 2004,
journal = {International Regional Science Review},
keywords = {active transportation, urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@book{FraEngSch03,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Peter O.~Engelke and Thomas L.~Schmid},
title = {Health and Community Design: The Impacts of the Built
Environment on Physical Activity},
publisher = {Island Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
year = 2003,
keywords = {active transportation, urban planning, pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, urban form, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@techreport{FraEngSchKil01,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Peter O.~Engelke and Thomas L.~Schmid
and Richard E.~Killingsworth},
title = {How Land Use and Transportation Systems Impact Public Health:
A Literature Review of the Relationship Between Physical Activity
and Built Form},
year = 2001,
institution = {Active Community Environments},
number = 1,
type = {Working Paper},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, active transportation, land use transport link, urban form},
url = {http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/pdf/aces-workingpaper1.pdf}
}
@article{FraStoBac00,
author = {Lawrence D.~Frank and Brian Stone and William Bachman},
title = {Linking land use with household vehicle emissions in the
{C}entral {P}uget {S}ound: Methodological framework and findings},
year = 2000,
month = may,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 5,
number = 3,
pages = {173--196},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link},
url = {http://www.act-trans.ubc.ca/documents/Frank\%20et\%20al\%20-\%20TR\%20-\%202000.pdf},
abstract = {
A leading cause of air pollution in many urban regions is mobile
source emissions that are largely attributable to household
vehicle travel. While household travel patterns have been
previously related with land use in the literature (Crane, R.,
1996. Journal of the American Planning Association 62
(1, Winter); Cervero, R. and Kockelman, C., 1997.
Transportation Research Part D 2 (3), 199--219), little
work has been conducted that effectively extends this
relationship to vehicle emissions. This paper describes a
methodology for quantifying relationships between land use,
travel choices, and vehicle emissions within the Seattle,
Washington region. Our analysis incorporates land use measures of
density and mix which affect the proximity of trip origins to
destinations; a measure of connectivity which impacts the
directness and completeness of pedestrian and motorized
linkages; vehicle trip generation by operating mode; vehicle
miles/h of travel and speed; and estimated household vehicle
emissions of nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and
carbon monoxide. The data used for this project consists of the
Puget Sound Transportation Panel Travel Survey, the 1990 US
Census, employment density data from the Washington State
Employment Security Office, and information on Seattle's
vehicle fleet mix and climatological attributes provided by the
Washington State Department of Ecology. Analyses are based on a
cross-sectional research design in which comparisons are made
of variations in household travel demand and emissions across
alternative urban form typologies. Base emission rates from
MOBILE5a and separate engine start rates are used to calculate
total vehicle emissions in grams accounting for fleet
characteristics and other inputs reflecting adopted
transportation control measures. Emissions per trip are based
on the network distance of each trip, average travel speed, and
a multi-stage engine operating mode (cold start, hot start, and
stabilized) function.
}
}
@techreport{FreDal88,
author = {Jean Frebault and Christiane Dalmais},
title = {Transports en commun et politique urbaine dans l'agglomération
{L}yonnaise},
year = 1988,
institution = {Agence d'Urbanisme de la Communauté Urbaine de Lyon},
address = {Lyon, France},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{FriGorPee94,
author = {B.~Friedman and S.P.~Gordon and J.B.~Peers},
title = {Effects of neotraditional neighborhood design on travel
characteristics},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1466,
pages = {63--70},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@book{FruFraJac04,
author = {Howard Frumkin and Lawrence D.~Frank and Richard Jackson},
title = {Urban sprawl and public health: designing, planning, and
building for healthy communities},
publisher = {Island Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
year = 2004,
keywords = {active transportation, urban planning, pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, urban form, transport planning}
}
@techreport{Fur00,
author = {Peter G.~Furth},
title = {Data Analysis for Bus Planning and Monitoring},
year = 2000,
type = {TCRP Synthesis of Transit Practice},
number = 34,
institution = {Transportation Research Board, National Research
Council},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning},
url = {http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tsyn34.pdf}
}
@article{GatSmi93,
author = {D.~Gatzlaff and M.~Smith},
title = {The impact of the {M}iami {M}etrorail on the value of
residences near station locations},
year = 1993,
journal = {Land Economics},
volume = 69,
number = 1,
pages = {54--66},
keywords = {land use transport link, transit, transport planning}
}
@inproceedings{Ger99,
author = {Christian Gerondeau},
title = {Moving Peopl and Goods in Europe},
booktitle = {Driving {A}merica Conference},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
year = 1999,
keywords = {transport planning, transit}
}
@article{Gil78,
author = {David W.~Gillen},
title = {Parking Policy, Parking Location Decisions and the
Distribution of Congestion},
year = 1978,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 7,
number = 1,
pages = {69--86},
keywords = {parking, transport planning}
}
@book{Gil02,
author = {Oliver Gillham},
title = {The Limitless City: A Primer on the Urban Sprawl Debate},
year = 2002,
publisher = {Island Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning},
priority = 2,
annote = {
Seems reasonable, with a more balanced coverage of the debate than
others (GorRic97, even Ewi97).
}
}
@article{Giu89,
author = {Genevieve Giuliano},
title = {New directions for understanding transportation and land use},
year = 1989,
journal = {Environment and Planning A},
volume = 21,
pages = {145--159},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link}
}
@article{Giu95,
author = {Genevieve Giuliano},
title = {The Weakening Transportation-Land Use Connection},
year = 1995,
journal = {Access Magazine},
volume = 6,
pages = {3--11},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@article{GiuSma91,
author = {Genevieve Giuliano and Kenneth A.~Small},
title = {Subcenters in the {L}os {A}ngeles Region},
year = 1991,
journal = {Regional Science and Urban Economics},
volume = 21,
number = 2,
pages = {163--182},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@article{GiuSma93,
author = {Genevieve Giuliano and Kenneth A.~Small},
title = {Is the journey to work explained by urban structure?},
year = 1993,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 30,
pages = {1485--1500},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@article{Gom91,
author = {Jose A.~Gomez-Iba{\~n}ez},
title = {A Global View of Automobile Dependence},
year = 1991,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
pages = {376--379},
volume = 57,
number = 3,
keywords = { transport planning },
annote = {Book review (of NewKen89?)}
}
@article{GomMey90,
author = {Jose A.~Gomez-Iba{\~n}ez and J.~Meyer},
title = {Privatizing and Deregulating Local Public Services: Lessons
from {B}ritain's Buses},
year = 1990,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
pages = {9--21},
volume = 56,
number = 1,
keywords = { transit, transport planning, finance }
}
@mastersthesis{Gon80,
author = {L.S.Q.~Gonzales},
title = {Short run bus transit planning: demand prediction at the route
level},
year = 1980,
type = {{S.M.}~thesis},
school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil
Engineering},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{Goo92,
author = {Phil Goodwin},
title = {A review of demand elasticities with special reference to
short and long run effects of price changes},
year = 1992,
journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy},
volume = 26,
number = 2,
pages = {155--169},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{GooNol03,
author = {Phil Goodwin and Robert B.~Nolan},
title = {Building new roads really does create extra traffic: a
response to {P}rakesh et al.},
year = 2003,
month = sep,
journal = {Applied Economics},
volume = 35,
number = 13,
abstract = {
A recent article by Prakash et al. (Applied Economics, 33, 1579-85,
2001) asserted that induced travel effects do not occur.
This paper is criticized on several grounds. It disregards much
of the recent work in this area that has empirically estimated
induced travel relationships. The models specified are
inappropriate for properly addressing this question, both in
their use of road expenditure data (based on a misunderstanding
of how this may relate to traffic growth) and
specification of a model that does not account for other
variables that generally have a large effect on traffic growth
(notably population and income growth). The evidence in the
literature is summarized and an analysis of UK road expenditure
data shows that expenditure is not a good measure of actual
road capacity that is built.
},
keywords = { transport planning, urban planning }
}
@book{Gor91,
author = {D.~Gordon},
title = {Steering a New Course: Transportation, Energy, and the
Environment},
year = 1991,
publisher = {Island Press},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning, energy}
}
@article{GorRic89,
author = {Peter Gordon and Harry Richardson},
title = {Gasoline Consumption and Cities: A Reply},
year = 1989,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 55,
number = 3,
pages = {342--345},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form, transport planning, energy, land use transport link}
}
@article{GorRicJun91,
author = {Peter Gordon and Harry Richardson and Myung-Jin Jun},
title = {The Commuting Paradox: Evidence from the Top Twenty},
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
year = 1991,
volume = 57,
number = 4,
pages = {416--420},
keywords = { transport planning }
}
@mastersthesis{Gor96,
author = {R.~Gorham},
title = {Regional Planning and Travel Behavior: A Comparative Study of
the {S}an {F}rancisco and {S}tockholm Metropolitan Regions},
year = 1996,
school = {Department of City and Regional Planning, University of
California},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@article{Gra00,
author = {Stephen Graham},
title = {Constructing Premium Network Spaces},
year = 2000,
journal = {International Journal of Urban and Regional Research},
volume = 24,
number = 1,
pages = {182--200},
url = {http://estia.arch.auth.gr/Courses/2U2-18/files/Graham_Network_spaces_2000.pdf},
keywords = {geography, transport planning}
}
@book{Gra03,
author = {Sigurd Grava},
title = {Urban Transportation Systems: Choices for Communities},
year = 2003,
publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{HalMarLow01,
author = {Peter Hall and Stephen Marshall and Michelle Lowe},
title = {The changing urban hierarchy in {E}ngland and {W}ales:
1913--1998},
year = 2001,
month = dec,
journal = {Regional Studies},
volume = 35,
number = 9,
pages = {775--807},
keywords = {transport planning, streets}
}
@book{Ham87,
author = {M.~Hamer},
title = {Wheels within wheels: A study of the road lobby},
year = 1987,
publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {urban politics, transport planning}
}
@article{Han92,
author = {Susan L.~Handy},
title = {Regional versus local accessibility: neo-traditional
development and its implications for non-work travel},
year = 1992,
journal = {Built Environment},
volume = 18,
number = 4,
pages = {253--267},
keywords = { urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link }
}
@article{Han96b,
author = {Susan L.~Handy},
title = {Understanding the link between urban form and nonwork travel
behavior},
year = 1996,
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 15,
pages = {183--198},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban form, transport planning}
}
@article{HanWesMok05,
author = {Susan L.~Handy and Lisa Weston and Patricia Mokhtarian},
title = {Driving by choice or necessity?},
year = 2005,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 39,
number = {2/3},
pages = {183--203},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@techreport{HanWesSonLanTer02,
author = {Susan L.~Handy and Lisa Weston and Jumin Song and K.~Maria
D.~Lane and Jennifer Terry},
title = {The education of transportation planning professionals},
year = 2002,
institution = {Southwest Regional University Transportation Center},
address = {Austin, TX, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@article{Han95,
author = {M.~Hansen},
title = {Do New Highways Generate Traffic?},
year = 1995,
journal = {Access Magazine},
volume = 7,
number = 2,
pages = {16--22},
keywords = {induced travel, transport planning}
}
@article{HanHua97,
author = {M.~Hansen and Y.L.~Huang},
title = {Road Supply and Traffic in Urban Areas: A Panel Study},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 31,
pages = {205--218},
keywords = {transport planning, induced travel, land use transport link}
}
@techreport{Har93,
author = {Patrick H.~Hare},
title = {Making Housing Affordable by Reducing Second Car Ownership},
year = 1993,
month = apr,
institution = {Patrick Hare Planning and Design},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning, equity, parking}
}
@techreport{Har95,
author = {Patrick H.~Hare},
title = {Planning, Transportation, and the Home Economics of Reduced
Car Ownership; Planning as if Household Budgets Mattered},
year = 1995,
month = apr,
institution = {Patrick Hare Planning and Design},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning, equity, parking}
}
@book{HarDea93,
author = {Greig Harvey and Elizabeth Deakin},
title = {A Manual of Regional Transportation Modeling Practice for Air
Quality Analysis},
year = 1993,
publisher = {National Association of Regional Governments},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@techreport{Has90,
author = {Carmen Hass-Klau},
title = {The theory and practice of traffic calming: can {B}ritain
learn from the {G}erman experience?},
year = 1990,
type = {Discussion Paper},
number = 10,
institution = {Oxford University, Transportation Unit, Rees Jeffreys
Road Fund},
address = {Oxford, UK},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, urban planning, transport planning, traffic calming}
}
@article{Has93,
author = {Carmen Hass-Klau},
title = {Impact of Pedestrianization and Traffic Calming on Retailing:
A Review of of the Evidence from {G}ermany and the {UK}},
year = 1993,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 1,
number = 1,
pages = {21--31},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, urban planning, transport planning, traffic calming}
}
@article{HasCaiGoo98,
author = {Carmen Hass-Klau and Sally Cairns and Phil Goodwin},
title = {Better use of road capacity: what happens to the traffic?},
journal = {Public Transport International},
year = 1998,
month = sep,
volume = 47,
number = 5,
keywords = {transport modelling, transport planning}
}
@article{Hau90,
author = {T.D.~Hau},
title = {Electronic Road Pricing: Developments in {H}ong {K}ong},
year = 1990,
journal = {Journal of Transport Economics and Policy},
volume = 24,
number = 2,
pages = {203--214},
keywords = {congestion pricing, transport planning}
}
@article{HayTri91,
author = {A.~Hay and E.~Trinder},
title = {Concepts of Equity, Fairness and Justice Expressed by Local
Transport Policy Makers},
year = 1991,
journal = {Environment and Planning C},
volume = 9,
number = 4,
pages = {453--465},
keywords = {equity, transport planning}
}
@article{Haz03,
author = {G.Mc{L}.~Hazel},
title = {Urban streets},
year = 2003,
journal = {Urban Design Quarterly},
volume = 85,
pages = {20--21},
keywords = {streets, transport planning}
}
@article{Heb05,
author = {Michael Hebbert},
title = {Engineering, urbanism and the struggle for street design},
year = 2005,
month = feb,
journal = {Journal of Urban Design},
volume = 10,
number = 1,
keywords = {urban planning, urban design, transport planning, street design, streets}
}
@article{Hee68,
author = {W.~Heenan},
title = {The Economic Effect of Rapid Transit on Real Estate
Development},
year = 1968,
journal = {The Appraisal Journal},
volume = 36,
pages = {212--224},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link, canada}
}
@incollection{Hen96,
author = {David A.~Hensher},
title = {Selective but Important Challenges Facing the Transport
Sector},
year = 1996,
booktitle = {Designing Transport \& Urban Forms for the {A}ustralia of
the 21st Century},
editor = {J.~Richmond},
address = {Sydney, Australia},
publisher = {Institute of Transport Studies, University of New South
Wales},
keywords = {urban form, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@article{Hig89,
author = {T.~Higgins},
title = {Parking Management and Traffic Mitigation in Six Cities:
Implications for Local Policy},
year = 1989,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1232,
keywords = {parking, transport planning}
}
@article{HimNijPad92,
author = {V.~Himanen and P.~Nijkamp and J.~Padjen},
title = {Environmental Quality and Transport Policy in {E}urope},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 26,
number = 2,
pages = {147--157},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@techreport{Hol94,
author = {John Holtzclaw},
title = {Using residential patterns and transit to decrease auto
dependence and costs},
year = 1994,
institution = {Natural Resources Defense Council},
address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@article{HooRep96,
author = {Walter Hook and Michael Replogle},
title = {Motorization and non-motorized transport in {A}sia},
year = 1996,
journal = {Land Use Policy},
volume = 13,
number = 1,
pages = {69--84},
keywords = {transport planning, pedestrian planning, bicycle planning}
}
@inproceedings{HuKen96,
author = {G.~Hu and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {A preliminary study of land use and transportation patterns in
{C}hinese cities: Caging the automobile dragon},
year = 1996,
booktitle = {Paper presented to the Asia Research Centre, Murdoch
University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form}
}
@techreport{Hua94,
author = {William Huang},
title = {The Effects of Transportation Infrastructure on Nearby
Property Values: A Review of the Literature},
year = 1994,
institution = {Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University
of California, Berkeley},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
type = {Working Paper},
number = 620,
keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@article{Hun03,
author = {John Douglas Hunt},
title = {Modelling Transportation Policy Impacts on Mobility Benefits
and {K}yoto-Protocol-Related Emissions},
journal = {Built Environment},
year = 2003,
volume = 29,
number = 1,
pages = {48--65},
keywords = {transport planning, climate mitigation}
}
@inproceedings{HunDonAbrBatFreHicCosUpt01,
author = {John Douglas Hunt and R.~Donnelly and John Edward Abraham and
C.~Batten and J.~Freedman and J.~Hicks and P.J.~Costinett and
W.J.~Upton},
title = {Design of a statewide land use transport interaction model for
{O}regon},
year = 2001,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the World Conference on Transportation
Research},
address = {Seoul, South Korea},
keywords = {transport modelling, transport planning}
}
@article{Hup82,
author = {G.~Hupkes},
title = {The law of constant travel time and trip-rates},
year = 1982,
journal = {Futures},
volume = 14,
pages = {38--46},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@techreport{IBI07,
author = {{IBI Group}},
title = {Transportation Trends and Outlooks for the {G}reater {T}oronto
{A}rea and {H}amilton: Strategic Transit Directions},
year = 2007,
month = jan,
address = {Toronto, ON},
institution = {IBI Group},
url = {http://www.gtta.com/en/news/Strategic%20Transit%20Directions_2007-01-29.pdf},
status = {read},
keywords = {canada, toronto, transit, transport planning}
}
@techreport{IBI07b,
author = {{IBI Group}},
title = {Transportation Trends and Outlooks for the {G}reater {T}oronto
{A}rea and {H}amilton: Needs and Opportunities},
year = 2007,
month = jan,
address = {Toronto, ON},
institution = {IBI Group},
url = {http://www.gtta.com/en/news/Strategic%20Transit%20Directions_2007-01-29.pdf},
status = {read},
keywords = {canada, toronto, transit, urban planning, urban form, transport planning}
}
@techreport{ITE04,
author = {{Institute of Transportation Engineers}},
title = {Parking Generation},
year = 2004,
institution = {Institute of Transportation Engineers},
keywords = {transport planning, parking}
}
@incollection{Jac65,
author = {Jane Jacobs},
title = {Do not segregate pedestrians and automobiles},
year = 1965,
editor = {D.~Lewis},
booktitle = {The pedestrian in the city},
publisher = {Elek Books},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {pedestrians, transport planning}
}
@article{JiaWac98,
author = {Wenya Jia and Martin Wachs},
title = {Parking and Affordable Housing},
year = 1998,
journal = {Access Magazine},
volume = 13,
pages = {22--25},
keywords = {transport planning, equity, parking}
}
@techreport{JiaWac98b,
author = {Wenya Jia and Martin Wachs},
title = {Parking and Housing Affordability: A Case Study of {S}an
{F}rancisco},
year = 1998,
institution = {University of California Transportation Center},
type = {Research Paper},
number = 380,
keywords = {transport planning, equity, parking},
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/countdown.pl?380.pdf}
}
@article{JiaWac99,
author = {Wenya Jia and Martin Wachs},
title = {Parking and Housing Affordability: A Case Study of {S}an
{F}rancisco},
year = 1999,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1685,
keywords = {transport planning, equity, parking},
pages = {156--160}
}
@inproceedings{JouFraBacSto00,
author = {R.~Joumard and Lawrence D.~Frank and Brian Stone and William
Bachman},
title = {Testing urban design and air quality relationships in the
{A}tlanta region},
year = 2000,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th Symposium on Transport and Air
Pollution},
pages = {263--270},
keywords = {transport planning, urban form, urban planning, land use transport link},
abstract = {
This study presents evidence that households, located in areas of
the Atlanta Region with moderately high levels of street
connectivity and compactness, drive and pollute less on a daily
basis. This analysis employs a rigorous methodology to assess
the emissions per household on a per trip basis accounting for
cold start cycles, speed, hot stabilized operation, distance,
and regional fleet characteristics. Emissions per household are
cross-sectionally correlated with the land use patterns at the
place of residence. These findings support the argument that a
``nexus'' exists between land use policies implemented through
local government development regulations and household travel
behavior (ie mode choice, travel distance, travel time, and
vehicle emissions). This research provides an initial
and very critical step that is required to lend credibility to
the argument that major metropolitan regions should consider
alternatives to current land and travel intensive development
patterns to meet future air quality objectives.
}
}
@article{Kai88,
author = {J.~Kain},
title = {Choosing the Wrong Technology: Or How to Spend Billions and
Reduce Transit Use},
year = 1988,
journal = {Journal of Advanced Transportation},
volume = 21,
number = 3,
pages = {197--213},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@book{Kee75,
author = {Theodore Keeler},
title = {The Full Costs of Urban Transport},
publisher = {Institute of Urban \& Regional Development},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
series = {Monograph},
number = {21},
year = 1975,
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{Kel94,
author = {Eric Kelley},
title = {The Transportation-Land Use Link},
year = 1994,
journal = {Journal of Planning Literature},
volume = 9,
number = 2,
pages = {128--145},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@article{Ken02,
author = {Christopher A.~Kennedy},
title = {A comparison of the sustainability of public and private
transportation systems: Study of the {G}reater {T}oronto {A}rea},
journal = {Transportation},
year = 2002,
volume = 29,
number = 4,
pages = {459--493},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, canada}
}
@article{Ken91,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {The land use/transit connection in {T}oronto: Some lessons for
{A}ustralian cities},
year = 1991,
journal = {Australian Planner},
volume = 29,
number = 3,
pages = {149--154},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, canada, urban form, land use transport link, transit}
}
@article{Ken95,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Automobile dependence in {B}angkok: An international
comparison with implications for planning policies},
year = 1995,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 1,
number = 3,
pages = {31--41},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp01.3.pdf},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form}
}
@inproceedings{Ken96,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Bicycling the world: A global perspective on bicycles in
cities and their role in reducing automobile dependence},
year = 1996,
booktitle = {Keynote paper to Velo Australia, International Bicycle
Conference},
month = oct,
address = {Fremantle, Australia},
keywords = {bicycle planning, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@techreport{KenLauNewBar97,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Felix B.~Laube and Peter W.G.~Newman and
Paul Barter},
title = {Indicators of transport efficiency in 37 cities},
year = 1997,
institution = {World Bank and Institute for Science and Technology
Policy, Murdoch University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, transit }
}
@article{KenLau02,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Felix B.~Laube},
title = {Urban transport patterns in a global sample of cities and their
linkages to transport infrastructure, land use, economics and
environment},
year = 2002,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 8,
number = 3,
pages = {5--19},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, transit, land use transport link, energy},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp08.3.pdf}
}
@article{KenLau02b,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Felix B.~Laube},
title = {Travel Demand Management: The potential for enhancing urban
rail opportunities and reducing automobile dependence in cities},
year = 2002,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 8,
number = 3,
pages = {20--36},
keywords = {transport planning, transit, transportation demand management, rail},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp08.3.pdf}
}
@book{KenLauNewBarRaaPobGui00,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Felix B.~Laube and Peter W.G.~Newman and
Paul Barter and Tamim Raad and Chamlong Poboon and Benedicto
{Guia~Jr.}},
title = {An International Sourcebook of Automobile Dependence in Cities
1960--1990},
year = 2000,
publisher = {University Press of Colorado},
abstract = {
This sourcebook provides the most comprehensive set of time series
data and analyses on these important subjects that is available
today. It spans 46 cities in the US, Australia, Canada, Europe
and Asia, covering the widest possible range of data on the
land use and transportation systems, energy use, and economic
and environmental impacts of transportation that has been
assembled to date. It also contains a set of coloured maps for
each city outlining territorial boundaries, the extent of
urbanisation, and all rail, busway and freeway systems. A must
for every individual and organisation wanting to better
understand and respond to the urban transportation debate.
},
keywords = { data, transport planning, urban planning, transit, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@techreport{KenNew91,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Moving {M}elbourne: A public transport strategy for inner
{M}elbourne},
year = 1991,
institution = {Inner Metropolitan Regional Association, Victoria and
Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@techreport{KenNew93,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Automobile dependence: The irresistable force?},
year = 1993,
institution = {Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch
University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{KenNew94,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {{T}oronto---paradigm regained},
year = 1994,
journal = {Australian Planner},
volume = 31,
number = 3,
pages = {137--147},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, canada, urban form, transit, land use transport link}
}
@article{KenNewBarPob95,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Peter W.G.~Newman and Paul Barter and
Chamlong Poboon},
title = {Is increasing automobile dependence inevitable in booming
economies? {A}sian cities in an international context},
year = 1995,
journal = {IATSS Research},
volume = 19,
number = 2,
pages = {58--67},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form}
}
@article{KenNewLyo89,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Peter W.G.~Newman and T.~Lyons},
title = {Urban planning and traffic congestion},
year = 1989,
journal = {Urban Policy and Research},
volume = 7,
number = 2,
pages = {67--80},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@article{KenNewLyo92,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Peter W.G.~Newman and T.~Lyons},
title = {The ecology of urban driving---{I}: Methodology},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 26,
number = 3,
pages = {263--272},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@inproceedings{KenBarNewPob94,
author = {Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and Paul Barter and Peter W.G.~Newman and
Chamlong Poboon},
title = {Resisting automobile dependence in booming economies: A case
study of {S}ingapore, {T}okyo and {H}ong {K}ong within a global
sample of cities},
year = 1994,
month = jul,
booktitle = {Asian Studies Association of Australia Conference},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@article{Kir92,
author = {R.~Kirwan},
title = {Urban form, energy and transport---A note on the
{N}ewman-{K}enworthy thesis},
year = 1992,
journal = {Urban Policy and Research},
volume = 10,
number = 1,
pages = {6--23},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@techreport{KniTry77,
author = {Robert L.~Knight and Lisa L.~Trygg},
title = {Land use impacts of rapid transit},
year = 1977,
month = aug,
institution = {U.S.~Department of Transportation},
number = {DOT-TPI-10-77-29},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@article{KniTry77b,
author = {Robert L.~Knight and Lisa L.~Trygg},
title = {Evidence of Land use impacts of rapid transit systems},
year = 1977,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 6,
number = 3,
pages = {231--247},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@article{Koc97,
author = {Kara Maria Kockelman},
title = {Travel Behavior as a Function of Accessibility, Land Use
Mixing and Land Use Balance: Evidence from the {S}an {F}rancisco
{B}ay {A}rea},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = {1607},
pages = {116--125},
year = 1997,
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning},
abstract = {
By incorporating characteristics of the built environment into
models of travel behavior, much can be said about household
travel distances, automobile ownership, and mode choice. This
research investigates the relative significance of a variety of
measures of urban form, both at trip-makers' home neighborhoods
and at trip ends. The travel data come from the 1990 San
Francisco Bay Area Travel Surveys, and the land-use data are
largely constructed from hectare-level descriptions provided by
the Association of Bay Area Governments.
After controlling for demographic characteristics, the measures
of accessibility, land use mixing, and land use balance proved
to be highly statistically significant and influential in their
impact on household vehicle miles traveled (VMT), automobile
ownership, and mode choice. In contrast, under the majority of
models (with the important exception of the vehicle-ownership
models), density's impact was negligible, after
controlling for accessibility. In many cases, balance, mix, and
accessibility were found to be more relevant (as measured by
elasticities) than several household and traveler
characteristics that often form a basis for travel behavior
prediction. Moreover, the apparent influence that these
variables, particularly accessibility, have on travel behavior
is dramatic.
If a societal objective is reduced automobile use and
dependence, while maintaining or improving general
accessibility levels, these results lend empirical support to
the promotion of a variety of land-use policies, such as
regional growth containment, the raising and/or removal of
density/intensity caps, and the establishment of mixed-use and
flexible zoning standards throughout urban areas. These results
also represent a step forward in the inclusion of measures of
urban form in travel behavior forecasting models; thanks to the
technology of geographical information systems and the
increasing availability of detailed land-use data sets, such
measures can be computed for a multitude of zones at relatively
low cost.
},
url = {http://www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/kockelman/public_html/mcpthesis.zip}
}
@article{KriWad02,
author = {Kevin J.~Krizek and Paul Waddell},
title = {Analysis of Lifestyle Choices: Neighborhood Type, Travel
Patterns, and Activity Patterns},
year = 2002,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1807,
doi = {10.3141/1807-15},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@book{KruFor90,
author = {N.~Krumholtz and J.~Forester},
title = {Making Equity Planning Work: Leadership in the Public Sector},
year = 1990,
publisher = {Temple University Press},
keywords = {equity, transport planning}
}
@article{Kub96,
author = {H.~Kubota},
title = {Traffic Congestion: A Tale of Three Cities, Impressions of
{B}angkok, {J}akarta, and {M}anila},
year = 1996,
journal = {The Wheel Extended (Toyota Quarterly Review)},
volume = 96,
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@book{Kuz90,
author = {J.R.~Kuzmyak},
title = {Evaluation of Travel Demand Management Measures to Relieve Congestion},
year = 1990,
publisher = {U.S.~Federal Highway Administration},
keywords = {transportation demand management, transport planning}
}
@techreport{Kuz03,
author = {Richard J.~Kuzmyak},
title = {Parking Management and Supply},
year = 2003,
institution = {Transportation Cooperative Research Program,
U.S.~Federal Transit Administration},
type = {Report},
number = 95,
chapter = 18,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning, parking},
url = {http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp\%5Frpt\%5F95c18.pdf}
}
@article{Kwa99,
author = {Mei-Po Kwan},
title = {Gender, the Home-Work Link, and Space-Time Patterns of
Nonemployment Activities},
year = 1999,
month = oct,
journal = {Economic Geography},
volume = 75,
number = 4,
pages = {370--394},
keywords = {equity, transport planning}
}
@article{LanCer99,
author = {John D.~Landis and Robert Cervero},
title = {Middle age sprawl: {BART} and urban development},
year = 1999,
journal = {Access},
volume = 14,
pages = {2--15},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning}
}
@article{LanCerHal91,
author = {John D.~Landis and Robert Cervero and Peter Hall},
title = {Transit joint development in the {USA}: an inventory and
policy assessment},
year = 1991,
journal = {Environment and Planning C},
volume = 9,
number = 4,
pages = {431--452},
keywords = {transit, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@techreport{LanGuhZha94,
author = {John D.~Landis and S.~Guhathakurta and Ming Zhang},
title = {Capitalization of transit investments into single-family home
prices: a comparative analysis of five {C}alifornia rail transit
systems},
year = 1994,
type = {IURD Working Paper},
number = 619,
institution = {Institute of Urban and Regional Development},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling}
}
@techreport{LanGuhHuaZha95,
author = {John D.~Landis and S.~Guhathakurta and W.~Huang and Ming Zhang},
title = {Rail Transit Investments, Real Estate Values and Land Use
Change: a comparative analysis of five {C}alifornia rail transit
systems},
year = 1995,
type = {IURD Monograph},
number = 48,
institution = {Institute of Urban and Regional Development},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling, urban economics}
}
@inproceedings{LauSpiWeg02,
author = {Kari Lautso and Klaus Spiekermann and Michael Wegener},
title = {Modelling policies for urban sustainability},
year = 2002,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Congress of the European Regional
Science Association},
publisher = {European Regional Science Assocation},
address = {Dortmund, Germany},
url = {http://www.raumplanung.uni-dortmund.de/rwp/ersa2002/cd-rom/papers/384.pdf},
abstract = {The objective of the EU research project PROPOLIS (Planning
and Research of Policies for Land Use and Transport for
Increasing Urban Sustainability) is to assess urban strategies
and to demonstrate their long-term effect in European cities. To
reach this goal, a comprehensive framework of methodologies
including integrated land use, transport and environmental
modelling as well as indicator, evaluation and presentation systems
have been developed. Sustainable development is viewed as
comprising the environmental, socio-cultural and economic
dimension. About thirty key indicators have been defined to measure
the three dimensions of sustainability, such as air pollution,
consumption of natural resources, quality of open space, population
exposure to air pollution and noise, equity and opportunities and
economic benefits from transport and land use.
Indicator values are derived from state-of-the-art urban land use
and transport models. A number of additional modules, including a
justice evaluation module, an economic evaluation module and a
GIS-based raster module, have been developed and integrated to
provide further indicator values. Both multicriteria and
cost-benefit analysis methods are used to consistently evaluate the
impact of the policies. The environmental and social dimensions of
sustainability are measured using multicriteria analysis for the
evaluation of the indicators, whereas cost-benefit analysis is used
for the economic dimension. The modelling and evaluation system is
currently being implemented in seven European urban
agglomerations: Bilbao (Spain), Brussels (Belgium),
Dortmund (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Inverness (Scotland), Naples
(Italy) and Vicenza (Italy).
A large number of policies will be tested with the modelling and
evaluation system in the seven urban regions. Policies to be
investigated are land use policies, transport infrastructure
policies, transport regulation and pricing policies and
combinations of these. Besides a common policy set for all seven
urban regions, city-specific local policies will be assessed as
well. The first part of the paper will introduce the methodology
and the modelling system developed. The second part will present
first results of the policy testing and evaluation. The paper will
conclude with initial conclusions on successful strategies to
enhance the long-term sustainability of urban regions.
},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling}
}
@article{Lav77,
author = {C.~Lave},
title = {Rail Rapid Transit and Energy: The Adverse Effects},
year = 1977,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 648,
pages = {14--30},
keywords = {transit, energy, transport planning}
}
@article{Law99,
author = {Robin Law},
title = {Beyond `women and transport': towards new geographies of
gender and daily mobility},
year = 1999,
journal = {Progress in Human Geography},
volume = 23,
number = 4,
pages = {567--588},
keywords = {equity, gender, transport planning}
}
@techreport{Lee95,
author = {D.~Lee},
title = {Full Cost of Pricing Highways},
year = 1995,
institution = {John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@incollection{Leh03,
author = {Ursula Lehner-Lierz},
title = {The role of Cycling for Women},
chapter = 10,
editor = {Rodney Tolley},
booktitle = {The greening of urban transportation: planning for walking and
cycling in {W}estern cities},
year = 1997,
publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
edition = {3rd},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
keywords = {transport planning, gender, bicycle planning}
}
@techreport{Lem73,
author = {Kai Lemberg},
title = {Pedestrian streets and other motor vehicle traffic restraints
in Central {C}openhagen},
year = 1973,
institution = {City of Copenhagen, General Planning Department},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@article{LerCelHalCheRya92,
author = {E.~Lerner-Lam and S.P.~Celniker and G.W.~Halbert and
C.~Chellman and S.~Ryan},
title = {Neotraditional neighborhood design and its implications for
traffic engineering},
year = 1992,
month = jan,
journal = {ITE Journal},
pages = {17--25},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets}
}
@article{LevWyn67,
author = {H.~Levinson and F.~Wynn},
title = {Effects of density on urban transportation requirements},
year = 1967,
journal = {Highway Research Record},
volume = 2,
pages = {38--64},
keywords = {transport planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@techreport{Lev82,
author = {H.S.~Levinson},
title = {Parking in a Changing Time},
year = 1982,
institution = {Eno Foundation for Transportation},
address = {Westport, CT, USA},
abstract = {
Parking's broad influence over travel in the modern urban setting
is discussed, including recent changes in urban priorities and
transport policies created by contemporary concerns for
environment, energy, and air pollution. Downtown parking issues
and options are reviewed. They include questions related to how
parking affects and is affected by many other factors,
including community development, environemental concerns,
transportation goals, existing parking facilities and street
systems, urban and suburban transit stops and the like. The
impacts of increasing or decreasing automobile access are
depicted. Three basic city center types are identified and
described: extensively transit-oriented, intermediate transit
use, and predominantly automobile oriented. The basic problems
posed by commuter parking are covered, as are options for
dealing with them. Four options for downtown parking and
transportation policy are presented: trend projection, maintain
present auto-transit balance, all future growth by transit, and
reduce the number of automobiles accumulated downtown. Air
quality considerations are mentioned. Parking supply and demand
can be adjusted by stabilizing downtown parking supply,
revising parking rates to encourage short- term use, and
implementing new zoning policies to limit parking. Each option
is discussed. Urban parking policies require community
participation. The groups and concerns involved are reviewed.
Parking guidelines are suggested for major transit corridors.
Recommendations are made on issues to be considered in forming
parking policies and programs in the future.
},
keywords = { parking, transportation demand management, transport planning}
}
@article{LevWyn63,
author = {H.~Levinson and F.~Wynne},
title = {Effects of Density on Urban Transportation Requirements},
year = 1963,
journal = {Highway Research Record},
volume = 2,
pages = {38--64},
keywords = {urban form, transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link}
}
@book{Lib75,
author = {M.C.~Libicki},
title = {Land use impacts of major transit improvements},
year = 1975,
month = mar,
publisher = {Urban Analysis Program, Office of Transportation Planning
Analysis, Assistant Secretary for Policy Plans and International
Affairs, Office of the Secretary of Transportation},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@article{LouBan00,
author = {Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris and Tridib Banerjee},
title = {The {B}lue {L}ine blues: why the vision of transit village may
not materialize despite impressive growth in transit ridership},
year = 2000,
journal = {Journal of Urban Design},
volume = 5,
number = 2,
pages = {101--125},
keywords = {urban planning, transit-oriented development, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@techreport{LunCerWil04,
author = {Holly M.~Lund and Robert Cervero and Richard W.~Willson},
title = {Travel Characteristics of {T}ransit-{O}riented {D}evelopment in
{C}alifornia},
year = 2004,
month = jan,
institution = {Cal Poly Ponoma / UC Berkeley / San Francisco BART},
address = {Sacramento, CA, USA},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning, transit-oriented development}
}
@techreport{McGNewKen91,
author = {G.~Mc{G}lynn and Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Towards better cities: Reurbanisation and transportation
energy scenarios},
year = 1991,
institution = {Australian Commision for the Future},
month = oct,
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, energy, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@book{MacDowChe92,
author = {J.J.~Mac{K}enzie and R.C.~Dower and D.T.~Chen},
title = {The Going Rate: What it Really Costs to Drive},
year = 1992,
publisher = {World Resources Institute},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{McNKul97,
author = {M.G.~Mc{N}ally and A.~Kulkarni},
title = {Assessment of influence of land use transportation system on
travel behavior},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1607,
pages = {105--115},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@inproceedings{McNHel02,
author = {Ryan Mc{N}ally and Bruce Hellinga},
title = {Estimating the Impact of Demographics and Automotive
Technologies on Greenhouse Gas Emissions},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2002 Annual Conference of the
{C}anadian {I}nstitution of {T}ransportation {E}ngineers},
year = 2002,
month = may,
address = {Ottawa, ON, Canada},
keywords = {transport planning, canada, climate mitigation},
url = {http://gorge.uwaterloo.ca/bhelling/Publications Page/Publications/ITE 2002 GHG Emissions 2.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{McNHel02b,
author = {Ryan Mc{N}ally and Bruce Hellinga},
title = {The {K}yoto {GHG} Emissions Targets: What Can We Expect from
the Road Transportation Sector},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2002 Annual Conference of the
{T}ransportation {A}ssociation of {C}anada},
year = 2002,
keywords = {transport planning, canada, climate mitigation},
url = {http://gorge.uwaterloo.ca/bhelling/Publications Page/Publications/TAC 2002 GHG Emissions.pdf}
}
@article{ManSho05,
author = {Michael Manville and Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {People, Parking and Cities},
year = 2005,
month = dec,
journal = {Journal of Urban Planning and Development},
volume = 131,
number = 4,
pages = {233--245},
url = {http://shoup.bol.ucla.edu/People,Parking,CitiesJUPD.pdf},
keywords = {transport planning, parking}
}
@article{Mar97b,
author = {M.A.~Marshall},
title = {{ISTEA} Five Years Later: where do we go from here?},
year = 1997,
month = jul,
journal = {Land Use Law \& Zoning Digest},
volume = 49,
number = 7,
pages = {3--9},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@techreport{Mar02,
author = {Stephen Marshall},
title = {A First Theoretical Approach to Classification of Arterial
Streets},
year = 2002,
institution = {University of Westminster},
type = {ARTISTS Deliverable},
number = {D1.1},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {streets, urban planning, transport planning, street design}
}
@article{Mar03,
author = {Stephen Marshall},
title = {Transport and the urban pattern},
year = 2003,
journal = {Town and Country Planning},
volume = 73,
number = 2,
pages = {106--108},
keywords = {urban planning, urban form, transport planning}
}
@article{Mar03b,
author = {Stephen Marshall},
title = {Traffic in Towns revisited},
year = 2003,
month = nov,
journal = {Town and Country Planning},
volume = 72,
number = 10,
pages = {310--312},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets, street design}
}
@article{Mar97c,
author = {Timothy Marshall},
title = {Futures, foresight and forward looks},
year = 1997,
journal = {Town Planning Review},
volume = 68,
number = 1,
pages = {31--50},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{Mat90,
author = {D.~Mathew},
title = {New way ahead for {O}xford: a balanced transport policy},
year = 1990,
journal = {Surveyor},
volume = 175,
number = 5126,
pages = {16--17},
month = oct,
keywords = {bicycle planning, transport planning}
}
@book{Mee00,
author = {Paul Mees},
title = {A very public solution: transport in the dispersed city},
year = 2000,
publisher = {Melbourne University Press},
address = {Melbourne, Australia},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, canada},
annote = { Comparison of Melbourne and Toronto transit performance.
Discusses the failure of privatization of bus services due to loss
seamless connections, etc. }
}
@book{MeyKaiWoh65,
author = {John R.~Meyer and John Kain and Martin Wohl},
title = {The urban transportation problem},
year = 1965,
publisher = {Harvard University Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@book{MeyGom81,
author = {John R.~Meyer and Jose A.~Gomez-Iba{\~n}ez},
title = {Autos, Transit and Cities},
year = 1981,
publisher = {Harvard University Press},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@article{Mey93,
author = {Michael D.~Meyer},
title = {Jumpstarting the move toward multimodal planning},
year = 1993,
month = apr,
journal = {Transportation Research Circular},
volume = 406,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
publisher = {National Academy Press},
keywords = {transport planning, intermodal }
}
@techreport{Mey98,
author = {Michael D.~Meyer},
title = {A toolbox for alleviating congestion and enhancing mobility},
year = 1998,
institution = {Institute of Transportation Engineers},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@techreport{MHPPE91,
author = {{Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment}},
title = {Fourth Report ({EXTRA}) on Physical Planning in the
{N}etherlands: Comprehensive Summary: On the Road to 2015},
year = 1991,
address = {The Hague, The Netherlands},
institution = {{Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and the
Environment, Department for Information and International Relations}},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@book{Mid67,
author = {W.~Middleton},
title = {The Time of the Trolley},
year = 1967,
publisher = {Kalmbach Publishing},
address = {Milwaukee, WI, USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, history}
}
@techreport{Mid93,
author = {P.~Midgeley},
title = {Urban Transport in {A}sia: An Operational Agenda for the
1990s},
year = 1993,
type = {World Bank Technical Paper},
number = 224,
series = {Technical Department Series},
institution = {The World Bank},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@techreport{MilHas93,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and M.I.~Hassounah},
title = {Quantitative Analysis of Urban Transportation Energy Use and
Emissions: Phase {I} Final Report},
year = 1993,
institution = {University of Toronto Joint Program in Transportation},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {transport planning, energy, climate mitigation}
}
@article{MilIbr98,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and A.~Ibrahim},
title = {Urban form and vehicular travel: some empirical findings},
year = 1998,
month = jan,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1617,
pages = {18--27},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, canada, urban form, land use transport link},
abstract = {
Some empirical findings are presented on the relationship between
urban form and work trip commuting efficiency, drawn from the
analysis of 1986 work trip commuting patterns in the greater
Toronto area. Work trip commuting efficiency is measured with
respect to the average number of vehicle kilometers traveled
(VKT) per worker in a given zone. Preliminary findings include
VKT per worker increases as one moves away from both the
central core of the city and from other high-density employment
centers within the region; job-housing balance, per se, shows
little impact on commuting VKT; and population density, in and
of itself, does not explain variations on commuting VKT once
other urban structure variables have been accounted for.
}
}
@techreport{MilLitRoo02,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Todd Litman and Matthew J.~Roorda},
title = {Study of the Environmental Benefits of an {I}ntegrated
{M}obility {S}ystem ({IMS}) in the {G}reater {T}oronto {A}rea},
year = 2002,
month = nov,
institution = {Joint Program in Transportation},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {transport planning, transit, canada}
}
@article{MilRooHaiMoh04,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Matthew J.~Roorda and Murtaza Haider and
Abolfazl Mohammadian},
title = {An Empirical Analysis of Travel and Housing Expenditures in
the {G}reater {T}oronto {A}rea},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1898,
pages = {191--201},
keywords = {transport modelling, ilute, canada, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@techreport{MilSha00,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and Amer Shalaby},
title = {Travel in the {G}reater {T}oronto {A}rea: Past and Current
Behaviour and Relation to Urban Form},
year = 2000,
institution = {Neptis Foundation},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {canada, transit, transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link}
}
@techreport{MilSteJea90,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and G.N.~Steuart and D.~Jea},
title = {Understanding Urban Travel Growth in the {G}reater {T}oronto
{A}rea},
volume = {III: Future Travel Trends and their Implications for
Transportation Policy in the Greater Toronto Area},
number = {TDS-90-07},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
institution = {Ministry of Transportation Ontario, Research and
Development Branch},
year = 1990,
month = nov,
keywords = {canada, transit, transport planning, urban planning, land use transport link, urban form}
}
@techreport{MilSteJeaHon90,
author = {Eric J.~Miller and G.N.~Steuart and D.~Jea and J.~Hong},
title = {Understanding Urban Travel Growth in the {G}reater {T}oronto
{A}rea},
volume = {II: Trip Generation Relationships in the Greater Toronto Area},
number = {TDS-90-06},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
institution = {Ministry of Transportation Ontario, Research and
Development Branch},
year = 1990,
month = nov,
keywords = {canada, transport planning}
}
@book{MitRap54,
author = {R.~Mitchell and C.~Rapkin},
title = {Urban Traffic: A Function of Land Use},
year = 1954,
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
publisher = {Columbia University Press},
keywords = {urban form, urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@book{Mog90,
author = {M.J.H.~Mogridge},
title = {Travel in towns: jam yesterday, jam today and jam tomorrow?},
year = 1990,
address = {London, UK},
publisher = {Macmillan Press},
keywords = {transport planning},
annote = {
I understand this is the source of ``induced demand.'' Downs (2004)
speaks highly of some of its analysis.
}
}
@article{MogHolBirTer87,
author = {M.J.H.~Mogridge and D.J.~Holden and J.~Bird and G.C.~Terzis},
title = {The {D}owns/{T}homson Paradox and the Transportation Planning
Process},
year = 1987,
journal = {International Journal of Transport Economics},
volume = 14,
number = 3,
pages = {283--311},
keywords = {transport planning, land use transport link, induced travel}
}
@article{Mog97,
author = {M.J.H.~Mogridge},
title = {The self-defeating nature of urban road capacity policy: A
review of theories, disputes and available evidence},
year = 1997,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 4,
number = 1,
pages = {5--23},
keywords = {transport planning, land use transport link, induced travel}
}
@article{MohShaMil06,
author = {Abolfazl Mohammadian and Amer S.~Shalaby and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {An Empirical Analysis of Transit Network Evolution: Case Study
of the {M}ississauga, {O}ntario Bus Network},
year = 2006,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = {forthcoming},
keywords = {transit, canada, transport planning}
}
@article{Moh93,
author = {Herbert Mohring},
title = {Maximizing, Measuring, and Not Double Counting Transportation
Improvement Benefits: A Primer on Closed-Economy and Open-Economy
Cost-Benefit Analysis},
year = 1993,
journal = {Transportation Research B},
volume = 27,
number = 6,
pages = {413--424},
keywords = {finance, transport planning}
}
@article{Mok92,
author = {Patricia L.~Mokhtarian},
title = {Telecommuting and travel: State of the practice},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 18,
pages = {319--342},
keywords = {telecommuting, transport planning}
}
@incollection{Mon97,
author = {Rolf Monheim},
title = {The evolution from pedestrian areas to `car-free' city centres
in {G}ermany},
editor = {Rodney Tolley},
booktitle = {The greening of urban transportation: planning for walking and
cycling in {W}estern cities},
year = 1997,
pages = {253--266},
publisher = {Wiley},
edition = {2nd},
address = {Chichester, UK},
keywords = {transport planning, pedestrian planning}
}
@article{Moy60,
author = {Daniel P.~Moynihan},
title = {New Roads and Urban Chaos},
year = 1960,
month = apr,
journal = {The Reporter},
pages = {13--20},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@techreport{MT63,
author = {{Ministry of Transport}},
title = {Traffic in Towns: A Study of the Long Term Problems of Traffic
in Urban Areas ({B}uchanan report)},
year = 1963,
address = {London, UK},
institution = {Her Majesty's Stationery Office},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@techreport{MTPWWM97,
author = {{Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management}},
title = {Sustainable Road Safety Programme},
year = 1997,
address = {The Hague, The Netherlands},
institution = {{Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management}},
keywords = {transport planning, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning}
}
@article{Mum58,
author = {Lewis Mumford},
title = {The Highway and the City},
year = 1958,
month = apr,
journal = {Architectural Record},
volume = 123,
pages = {179--186},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@book{Mum64,
author = {Lewis Mumford},
title = {The Highway in the City},
year = 1964,
publisher = {Secker and Warburg},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, history}
}
@article{MurDeL98,
author = {J.~Murphy and Marc De{L}ucchi},
title = {A Review of the Literature on the Social Cost of Motor Vehicle
Use in the {U}nited {S}tates},
year = 1998,
journal = {Journal of Transportation and Statistics},
volume = 1,
number = 1,
pages = {16--42},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{Nae93,
author = {Peter Naess},
title = {Transportation energy in {S}wedish towns and regions},
year = 1993,
journal = {Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research},
volume = 10,
pages = {187--206},
keywords = { urban planning, transport planning }
}
@phdthesis{Nae95,
author = {Peter Naess},
title = {Urban form and energy use for transport: a {N}ordic
experience},
year = 1995,
school = {Norwegian Institute of Technology},
keywords = { urban planning, transport planning }
}
@article{Nas03,
author = {Andrew Nash},
title = {Implementing {Z}urich's Transit Priority Program},
year = 2003,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1835,
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@techreport{NelNyg05,
author = {{Nelson/Nygaard Consulting}},
title = {Creating Low-Traffic Developments: Adjusting Site-Level
Vehicle Trip Generation Using {URBEMIS}},
year = 2005,
month = aug,
institution = {Nelson/Nygaard Consulting},
address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
url = {http://www.nelsonnygaard.com/articles/urbemis.pdf},
keywords = {transport planning, transportation demand management}
}
@article{New86,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Lessons from {L}iverpool},
year = 1986,
journal = {Planning and Administration I},
pages = {32--42},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@article{New93,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Sustainable development and urban planning},
year = 1993,
journal = {Sustainable Development},
volume = 1,
number = 1,
pages = {25--40},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@incollection{New94,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {The transport dilemma in developing nation cities},
year = 1994,
booktitle = {Social dimensions of development},
editor = {L.~Jayasuriya and M.~Lee},
publisher = {Paradigm Books},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@article{New94b,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {The end of the urban freeway},
year = 1994,
journal = {World Transport Policy and Practice},
volume = 1,
number = 1,
pages = {12--19},
keywords = {transport planning},
url = {http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/wtpp01.1.pdf}
}
@incollection{New96,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Transport},
year = 1996,
booktitle = {An urbanising world: Global report on human settlements},
editor = {UNCHS},
publisher = {UNCHS, Habitat and UNEP},
address = {Nairobi, Kenya},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@article{New96c,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman},
title = {Reducing Automobile Dependence},
year = 1996,
journal = {Environment and Urbanization},
volume = 8,
number = 1,
pages = {67--92},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@techreport{NewHog87,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and T.~Hogan},
title = {Urban density and transport: a single model based on three
city types},
year = 1987,
type = {Transport Research Paper},
number = {1/87},
institution = {Environmental Science, Murdoch University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@article{NewKen84,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {The use and abuse of driving cycle research: clarifying the
relationship between traffic congestion, energy and emissions},
year = 1984,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 38,
number = 4,
pages = {615--635},
keywords = {transport planning, energy}
}
@article{NewKen88,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {The Transport Energy Trade-Off: Fuel-Efficient Traffic
versus Fuel-Efficient Cities},
year = 1988,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 22,
number = 3,
pages = {163--174},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, energy, urban form}
}
@book{NewKen89,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Cities and Auto Dependency: A Sourcebook},
year = 1989,
publisher = {Gower Publishing Co.},
address = {Aldershot, UK},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link, energy}
}
@techreport{NewKen90,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Transport energy conservation policies for {A}ustralian
cities: strategies for reducing automobile dependence},
year = 1990,
institution = {Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch
University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, energy}
}
@techreport{NewKen91,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Towards a more sustainable {C}anberra: an assessment of
{C}anberra's transport, energy and land use},
year = 1991,
institution = {Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch
University},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, energy, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@article{NewKenLyo85,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and T.~Lyons},
title = {Transport energy use in the {P}erth {M}etropolitan {R}egion:
some urban policy implications},
year = 1985,
journal = {Urban Policy and Research},
volume = 3,
number = 2,
pages = {4--15},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, energy}
}
@article{NewKenLyo88,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and T.~Lyons},
title = {Does free flowing traffic save energy and lower emissions in
cities?},
year = 1988,
journal = {Search},
volume = 19,
number = {5/6},
pages = {267--272},
keywords = {transport planning, energy}
}
@article{NewKenLyo92,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and T.~Lyons},
title = {The ecology of urban driving---{II}: driving cycles across a
city, their validation and implications},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 26,
number = 3,
pages = {273--290},
keywords = {transport planning, ecology}
}
@techreport{NewKenVin92,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and P.~Vintila},
title = {Housing transport and urban form},
year = 1992,
type = {National Housing Strategy, Background Paper},
number = 15,
institution = {Commonwealth of Australia},
address = {Canberra, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, ecology, urban form, urban planning}
}
@article{NewKenVin95,
author = {Peter W.G.~Newman and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy and P.~Vintila},
title = {Can we overcome automobile dependence?: Physical planning in
an age of urban cynicism},
year = 1995,
journal = {Cities},
volume = 12,
number = 1,
pages = {53--65},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form}
}
@book{NewEtc97,
author = {Peter W.G.~{Newman et al.}},
title = {Car-free Copenhagen: Perspectives and ideas for reducing
car-dependence in Copenhagen},
year = 1997,
publisher = {Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
keywords = {transport planning, urban form, urban planning}
}
@incollection{NijRie96,
author = {P.~Nijkamp and S.A.~Rienstra},
title = {Sustainable transport in a compact city},
booktitle = {The Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Form?},
editor = {Mike Jenks and Elizabeth Burton and Katie Williams},
publisher = {E\&FN Spon},
address = {London, UK},
year = 1996,
pages = {190--199},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@book{NijReiWeg90,
author = {Peter Nijkamp and Shalom Reichman and Michael Wegener},
title = {Euromobile: transport, communications and mobility in Europe:
a cross-national comparative overview},
year = 1990,
address = {Brookfield, USA},
publisher = {Aldershot},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{NijUrs98,
author = {Peter Nijkamp and T.~Ursem},
title = {Market solutions for sustainable cities},
year = 1998,
journal = {International Journal of Environment and Pollution},
volume = 10,
number = 1,
pages = {46--64},
keywords = {transport planning, economics}
}
@book{NowNow70,
author = {D.~Nowlan and N.~Nowlan},
title = {The bad trip: the untold story of the {S}padina {E}xpressway},
year = 1970,
publisher = {Toronto New Press, House of Anansi},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {canada, transport planning}
}
@article{NowSte92,
author = {D.M.~Nowlan and G.~Stewart},
title = {The effect of downtown population growth on commuting trips:
some recent {T}oronto experience},
year = 1992,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 57,
number = 2,
pages = {165--182},
keywords = { transport planning, canada }
}
@techreport{NRDC93,
author = {{National Resources Defense Council}},
title = {Uncovering Hidden Costs in Transportation},
year = 1993,
institution = {National Resources Defense Council},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = { transport planning }
}
@article{Ors90,
author = {C.K.~Orski},
title = {Can Management of Transportation Demand Help Solve Our Growing
Traffic Congestion and Air Pollution Problems?},
year = 1990,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 44,
number = 4,
pages = {483--498},
keywords = {transportation demand management, transport planning}
}
@book{PapPre93,
author = {C.S.~Papacostas and P.D.~Prevedouros},
title = {Transportation Engineering and Planning},
year = 1993,
edition = {2nd},
publisher = {Prentice Hall},
address = {Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@techreport{Par96a,
author = {{Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade \& Douglas, Inc.}},
title = {Influence of Land Use Mix and Neighborhood Design on Transit
Demand},
institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation
Research Board},
year = 1996,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@techreport{Par96c,
author = {{Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade \& Douglas, Inc.}},
title = {Transit and Urban Form: Mode of Access and Catchment Areas of
Rail Transit},
type = {Project},
number = {H-1},
institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation
Research Board},
year = 1996,
month = mar,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@techreport{Par99,
author = {{Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade \& Douglas, Inc.}},
title = {Land Use Impacts of Transportation: A Guidebook},
institution = {Transportation Research Board},
year = 1999,
number = {423A},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@techreport{ParCerHowZup96,
author = {{Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade \& Douglas, Inc.} and
Robert Cervero and {Howard/Stein Hudson Associates, Inc.} and
Jeffrey Zupan},
title = {Transit and Urban Form: Transit, Urban Form, and the Built
Environment: A Summary of Knowledge},
type = {Report},
number = {16 Volume 1 Part I},
institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation
Research Board},
year = 1996,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, urban planning},
url = {http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_16-1.pdf}
}
@techreport{ParCerHowZup96b,
author = {{Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade \& Douglas, Inc.} and
Robert Cervero and {Howard/Stein Hudson Associates, Inc.} and
Jeffrey Zupan},
title = {Transit and Urban Form: Commuter and Light Rail Transit
Corridors: The Land Use Connection},
type = {Report},
number = {16 Volume 1 Part II},
institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation
Research Board},
year = 1996,
month = mar,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, urban planning},
url = {http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_16-2.pdf}
}
@techreport{ParCerHowZup96d,
author = {{Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade \& Douglas, Inc.} and
Robert Cervero and {Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.} and
Jeffrey Zupan},
title = {Transit and Urban Form: Public Policy and Transit Oriented
Development: Six International Case Studies},
type = {Report},
number = {16 Volume 1 Part IV},
institution = {Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation
Research Board},
year = 1996,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, urban planning, canada, land use transport link},
url = {http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_16-4.pdf},
annote = {
I found their description of Houston interesting. I'd heard a lot
about Houston's laissez-faire no-zoning policies, but I'd never
read anything about the details. It sounds like they still suffer
from the same social exclusion effects as many U.S. residential
areas, but they use deed restrictions to enforce the exclusion
instead of zoning laws. The authors give a surprisingly positive
review to the HOV system overall, quite different from what I'd
heard about HOV lanes in the present day context. Overall,
Houston sounds like a depressing place to live or work. The
complete rejection of land use control and the overwhelming
dominance of the automobile turn me off. The Washington, D.C. case
study wasn't very interesting to me, focusing mainly on
transit-oriented development plans. The Portland section was
slightly more interesting, again focusing on how land use goals
are achieved by the agencies involved. The Vancouver section was
mostly familiar, but did contain some interesting details that were
new to me. There are some strange comments, though---they
claim that the ``European and Asian heritage of the region has also
made the Vancouver community more accepting of transit'' and
characterise Vancouver as very unique within Canada. That's
total rubbish---Canadian cities generally have an accepting attitude
towards transit and a diverse cultural mix, and American cities
have as much of a ``European heritage'' as Canadian ones. Sure,
Vancouver is younger---but that should put it in the same boat as
other young west coast cities, like Seattle. Some of their
discussion regarding the history of SkyTrain is interesting,
however, especially the idea that the Expo line was deliberately
run through empty industrial areas to reduce NIMBY resistance and
to allow new, denser transit-oriented development. They also note
that TransLink does not own the land under the SkyTrain, allowing
existing owners to make good use of the land, building towers
around the tracks, etc. This is vastly better than the freeway
model, where the land underneath and nearby is just dead space.
Interestingly, they note that both Canadian and American government
agencies put out a Request For Proposals (RFP) for a low-cost site,
but only Canadian agencies can make location a requirement---i.e.,
requiring a site on the SkyTrain line.
I'm a bit dubious about their Ottawa section. They speak in glowing
terms about many of the details of the system, and it doesn't
always jibe with my experience when I lived there. Granted, I lived
in a lousy area (far from the transitway) with a poor commute
pattern. But there was a huge chunk of underserviced city where I
lived, and I did see how the policies were working out on the
ground. However, the policies sound like good ideas, at the least.
They started with a bizarre statistic to make Ottawa look good:
``Passengers per route mile in the first year,'' a statistic
biased towards bus systems, before development associated with a
fixed rail system is completed. It's nice that (like Vancouver)
they officially prioritise transit over road improvements, and that
they consider it an official service. Their policy of building
early in suburban areas is also an excellent idea, as is the policy
of forcing regional shopping centres to be within 5 minutes walk of
a transit station. (I have to wonder if that applies to big box
zones, though---they were certainly abundant in the Ottawa area
when I lived there. The abhorrent South Keys development all
happened under these policies.) The Transitway design is clever,
since they left enough room to allow later conversion to a
rail system. One telling quote: ``These services are adapted to,
and as a result, help reinforce, the region's suburban landscape.
In Ottawa-Carleton, it is accepted that low-density living
environments are preferred by most residents, and that transit
programs should in no way seek to alter this settlement
pattern, but rather to serve it.'' To be fair, that pattern
may be changing now---the condo boom has definitely hit Ottawa.
I suspect some of these sentences reflect the suburban American
audience of this report. Ottawa also has taken a serious attitude
towards directing job growth to transit corridors, in a manner
similar to the Dutch ABC system. They also route buses through
subdivision collector roads instead of arterial streets, to make
for easier pedestrian access and avoiding the fight to access
buses on arterials. (This may explain some of my confusion with
the bus system, since I was more accustomed to the Toronto
approach. It may also explain why buses were often poor choices
for reaching retail areas, usually located on the arterials. It
sounds like that was mostly political bad luck, though, not
design---developers have insisted on siting commercial development
on the arterials, not the planners' first choice.) Their reduction
in downtown parking is admirable, with a 15\% reduction from
1975 to 1984, a period of regression for most cities. They
don't really comment much on the fact that many Transitway stations
are built in parkland with no adjacent development, but they do
note that future stations are being built in advance of development,
with an aim to integrate better with mixed-use neighbourhoods. They
claim pessimistically that the high-density transit-oriented
residential demand had reached saturation point (!!) in Ottawa by
1993. At the end of the day, they've had difficulty achieving their
goals, with regional employment share near transit stations
remaining fairly static from 1986--1991. But they're still far
ahead of most of North America.
}
}
@book{PatSaw93,
author = {C.V.~Patton and D.S.~Sawicki},
title = {Basic Methods of Policy Analysis and Planning},
year = 1993,
edition = {2nd},
publisher = {Prentice Hall},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@techreport{PayBla80,
author = {{Payne-Maxie Consultants} and {Blaney-Dyett, Urban and
Regional Planners}},
title = {The land use and urban development impacts of beltways},
year = 1980,
number = {DOT-OS-90079},
institution = {U.S. Department of Transportation and Departmen tof
Housing and Urban Development},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {land use transport link, urban planning, transport planning}
}
@article{PerPuc95,
author = {A.~Perl and John Pucher},
title = {Transit in trouble? The policy challenge posed by {C}anada's
changing urban mobility},
year = 1995,
journal = {Canadian Public Policy},
volume = 21,
number = 3,
pages = {261--283},
keywords = {canada, transit, transport planning}
}
@article{PerBab86,
author = {J.~Perry and T.~Babitsky},
title = {Comparative Performance of Urban Bus Transit: Assessing
Privatization Strategies},
year = 1986,
journal = {Public Administration Review},
volume = 46,
pages = {45--59},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, finance}
}
@article{Pic85,
author = {Donald Pickrell},
title = {Federal Operating Assistance for Urban Mass Transit: Assessing
a Decade of Experience},
year = 1985,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1078,
pages = {1--10},
keywords = { transport planning, transit }
}
@book{Pil79,
author = {Juri Pill},
title = {Planning and Politics: The {M}etropolitan {T}oronto
{T}ransportation {R}eview},
year = 1979,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {urban politics, canada, transport planning}
}
@incollection{Pil88,
author = {Juri Pill},
title = {Toronto: thirty years of transit development},
year = 1988,
editor = {W.~Attoe},
booktitle = {Transit, Land Use and Urban Form},
publisher = {Center for the Study of American Architecture},
address = {Austin, TX, USA},
pages = {57--62},
keywords = {canada, transport planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@phdthesis{Pob97,
author = {Chamlong Poboon},
title = {Anatomy of a traffic disaster: Towards sustainable solutions
to {B}angkok's transportation problems},
year = 1997,
school = {Murdoch University, Institute for Science and Technology
Policy},
address = {Perth, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@inproceedings{PobKen95,
author = {Chamlong Poboon and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Bangkok: Towards a sustainable traffic solution},
year = 1995,
month = feb,
booktitle = {Paper presented to Urban Habitat Conference},
address = {Delft, The Netherlands},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form}
}
@inproceedings{PobKen97,
author = {Chamlong Poboon and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {Bangkok's traffic disaster: An international comparative
assessment of transportation and land use in {B}angkok with its
implications for air quality},
year = 1997,
month = jun,
booktitle = {Paper presented to Pathways to Sustainability Conference},
address = {Newcastle, Australia},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@book{Pop96,
author = {Albert Pope},
title = {Ladders},
publisher = {Rice School of Architecture; Princeton Architectural Press},
year = 1996,
address = {Houston, TX; New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {architecture, urban planning, transport planning, urban form},
annote = {
Discusses urban form in the freeway era, the different
connectivities of the grid system and the ``ladder'' system of the
freeway era, and Houston in particular. Some very interesting ideas
(judging from references), especially the notion of the freeway
system enforcing a hierarchy, and forming spiralling patterns in
contrast to the grid system. Unfortunately, my library doesn't have
a copy...
}
}
@article{Puc88,
author = {John Pucher},
title = {Urban Travel Behavior as the Outcome of Public Policy: The
Example of Modal-Split in {W}estern {E}urope and {N}orth {A}merica},
year = 1988,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 54,
number = 3,
pages = {509--520},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{Puc94,
author = {John Pucher},
title = {Public Transport Developments: {C}anada vs. The {U}nited
{S}tates},
year = 1994,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 48,
number = 1,
pages = {65--78},
keywords = {canada, transit, transport planning}
}
@article{Puc95,
author = {John Pucher},
title = {Urban Passenger Transport in the {U}nited {S}tates and
{E}urope: A Comparative Analysis of Public Policies, Part 1},
year = 1995,
journal = {Transport Reviews},
volume = 15,
number = 2,
pages = {99--117},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{Puc98,
author = {John Pucher},
title = {Urban Transport in {G}ermany: Providing Feasible Alternatives
to the Car},
year = 1998,
journal = {Transport Reviews},
volume = 18,
number = 4,
pages = {285--310},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{Puc98b,
author = {John Pucher},
title = {Back on track: eight steps to rejuvenate public transport in
{C}anada},
year = 1998,
journal = {Alternatives Journal},
volume = 24,
number = 1,
pages = {26--34},
keywords = {canada, transport planning}
}
@article{PucClo92,
author = {John Pucher and S.~Clorer},
title = {Taming the automobile in {G}ermany},
year = 1992,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 46,
number = 3,
pages = {383--395},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{PucHir93,
author = {John Pucher and I.~Hirschman},
title = {Urban Public Transport in the {U}nited {S}tates: Recent
Development and Policy Perspective},
year = 1993,
journal = {Public Transport International},
volume = 3,
pages = {12--25},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@book{PucLef96,
author = {John Pucher and C.~Lef{\`e}vre},
title = {The urban transport crisis in {E}urope and {N}orth {A}merica},
year = 1996,
publisher = {MacMillan},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@techreport{PucRen01,
author = {John Pucher and John L.~Renne},
title = {Socioeconomics of Urban Travel: Evidence from the 2001
{NHTS}},
year = 2001,
institution = {Vorhees Transportation Policy Institute, Rutgers
University},
address = {New Brunswick, NJ, USA},
url = {http://policy.rutgers.edu/tpi/docs/ajpharticle.pdf},
keywords = {equity, transport planning}
}
@book{PusZupCum82,
author = {Boris S.~Pushkarev and Jeffrey M.~Zupan and Robert S.~Cumella},
title = {Urban Rail in {A}merica: An Exploration of Criteria for
Fixed-Guideway Transit},
publisher = {Indiana University Press},
address = {Bloomington, IN, USA},
year = 1982,
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@mastersthesis{Raa98,
author = {Tamim Raad},
title = {The Car in {C}anada: A Study of Factors Influencing Automobile
Dependence in {C}anada's Seven Largest Cities, 1961--1991},
year = 1998,
school = {University of British Columbia, School of Community and
Regional Planning},
keywords = {transport planning, canada},
url = {http://www.cstctd.org/CSTadobefiles/carincanada.pdf}
}
@article{RaaKen98,
author = {Tamim Raad and Jeffrey R.~Kenworthy},
title = {The {US} and us},
year = 1998,
journal = {Alternatives},
volume = 24,
number = 1,
pages = {14--22},
keywords = {canada, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@article{Rab92,
author = {J.~Rabinovitch},
title = {Curitiba: Towards sustainable development},
year = 1992,
journal = {Environment and Urbanisation},
volume = 4,
number = 2,
pages = {62--73},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@techreport{RERC74,
author = {{Real Estate Research Corporation}},
title = {The Costs of Urban Sprawl},
year = 1974,
institution = {Real Estate Research Corporation},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form}
}
@article{RepHoo93,
author = {Michael Replogle and Walter Hook},
title = {Improving Access for the Poor in Urban Areas},
year = 1993,
journal = {Race, Poverty \& the Environment},
volume = 6,
number = 1,
pages = {48--50},
keywords = {transport planning, equity}
}
@incollection{Rie01,
author = {Piet Rietveld},
title = {Biking and Walking: The position of non-motorized transport
modes in transport systems},
year = 2001,
booktitle = {Handbooks in Transport},
editor = {K.J.~Button and D.A.~Hensher},
volume = 3,
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Oxford, UK},
pages = {299--320},
keywords = {bicycle planning, transport planning}
}
@article{RodJoo04,
author = {Daniel A.~Rodr{\'i}guez and Joonwon Joo},
title = {The relationship between non-motorized mode choice and the
local physical environment},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research D},
volume = 9,
number = 2,
pages = {151--173},
abstract = {
By estimating multinomial choice models, this paper examines the
relationship between travel mode choice and attributes of the
local physical environment such as topography, sidewalk
availability, residential density, and the presence of walking
and cycling paths. Data for student and staff commuters to the
University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill are used to
illustrate the relationship between mode choice and the
objectively measured environmental attributes, while accounting
for typical modal characteristics such as travel time, access
time, and out-of-pocket cost. Results suggest that jointly
the four attributes of the local physical environment
make significant marginal contributions to explaining
travel mode choice. In particular, the estimates reveal
that local topography and sidewalk availability are
significantly associated with the attractiveness of
non-motorized modes. Point elasticities are provided
and recommendations given regarding the importance of
incorporating non-motorized modes into local
transportation planning and in the study of how the
built environment influences travel behavior.
},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, urban design, transport planning, transport modelling, land use transport link}
}
@techreport{RosEve93,
author = {M.~Rosetti and B.~Eversole},
title = {Journey to Work Trends in the {U}nited {S}tates and its Major
Metropolitan Areas},
year = 1993,
institution = {John A.~Volpe National Transportation Systems Center},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@techreport{SACTRA94,
author = {{Standing Advisory Committee on Trunk Road Assessment}},
title = {Trunk Roads and the Generation of Traffic},
year = 1994,
institution = {Department of Transport, United Kingdom},
address = {London, UK},
annote = {
Comparable to TRB95 report, but came to the clear conclusion that
freeways have negative net impact.
},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{SalGre78,
author = {J.~Sale and B.~Green},
title = {Operating Costs and Performance of {A}merican Public Transit
Systems},
year = 1978,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 4,
number = 2,
pages = {22--27},
keywords = {transport planning, transit}
}
@article{SalFraSaeKra04,
author = {Jim F.~Sallis and Lawrence D.~Frank and Brian E.~Saelens and
M.~Katherine Kraft},
title = {Active transportation and physical activity: Opportunities
for collaboration on transportation and public health research},
year = 2004,
month = may,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 38,
number = 4,
pages = {249--268},
keywords = {active transportation, transport planning},
url = {http://www.act-trans.ubc.ca/documents/Sallis\%20et\%20al\%20-\%20TR\%20-\%202004.pdf},
abstract = {
Physically inactive lifestyles are a major public health challenge,
and research in the transportation field on influences on the
choice to walk and bike may provide guidance toward solutions.
In the interests of promoting effective collaboration among the
transportation, planning, and health fields, the current paper
was written to fulfill three purposes. The first purpose was to
summarize the transportation and planning studies on the
relation between community design and non-motorized (``active'')
transport and to interpret these studies from a health
perspective. The second purpose was to summarize studies from
the health literature that examine the relation between
physical environmental variables and leisure-time physical
activity that have relevance for transportation research. The
third purpose was to promote more collaboration among
transportation, planning, and health investigators by
identifying opportunities for trans-disciplinary research.
}
}
@book{SchScl80,
author = {K.~Schaeffer and E.~Sclar},
title = {Access for All: Transportation and Urban Growth},
year = 1980,
publisher = {Columbia University Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, urban form, land use transport link, history}
}
@article{SchVicJoh00,
author = {Andreas Schafer and D.~Victor and Robert W.~{Johnson Jr.}},
title = {The Future Mobility of the World Population},
year = 2000,
journal = {Transportation Research A},
volume = 34,
pages = {171--205},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@inproceedings{SchSpiWeg02,
author = {Carsten Sch{\"u}rmann and Klaus Spiekermann and Michael Wegener},
title = {Trans-European transport networks and regional economic
development},
year = 2002,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Congress of the European Regional
Science Association},
publisher = {European Regional Science Assocation},
address = {Dortmund, Germany},
url = {http://www.raumplanung.uni-dortmund.de/rwp/ersa2002/cd-rom/papers/174.pdf},
abstract = {
The important role of transport infrastructure for regional
development is one of the fundamental principles of regional
economics. In its most simplified form it implies that regions
with better access to locations of input materials and markets
will, ceteris paribus, be more productive, more competitive and
hence more successful than more remote and isolated regions.
The paper presents results of the research project
'Socio-Economic and Spatial Impacts of Trans-European Transport
Networks (SASI)' undertaken for the European Commission. The
main goals of the project were to design an interactive and
transparent modelling system for forecasting the impacts of
transport infrastructure investments and transport system
improvements, in particular of the trans-European transport
networks (TETN), on socio-economic activities and developments
in Europe, including spatial and temporal distribution, and to
demonstrate the usability of the modelling system by applying
it to a number of relevant case studies. The paper will first
explain the theoretical foundation and internal structure of
the simulation model developed as well as its input and output.
The model is a recursive simulation model of regional
socio-economic development subject to exogenous assumptions
about the economic and demographic development of the EU as a
whole and about transport infrastructure investments and
improvements. The second part of the paper will present the
results of the application of the model to a set of different
assumptions on TETN infrastructure investments and their likely
socio-economic impacts on the European regions in terms of GDP
per capita, unemployment and accessibility. The model results
suggest that the development trajectories of all regions are
rather similar in all scenarios, thus confirming the assumption
that general socio-economic and technical macro trends are more
powerful driving forces for regional economies than
infrastructure improvements. It is also shown that some
infrastructure scenarios lead to a slightly less polarised
distribution of accessibility and GDP among regions, however,
not enough to reverse the general trend towards economic
polarisation within the European Union. The third part of the
paper will outline model improvements currently made in the
follow-up project 'Integrated Appraisal of Spatial Economic and
Network Effects of Transport Investments and Policies' (IASON).
The new model will be more comprehensive in theory and more
disaggregate in terms of regions and economic sectors and will
include the future member states of the European Union in
eastern Europe.
},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{SchDijDie04,
author = {Tim Schwanen and Martin Dijst and Frans M.~Dieleman},
title = {Policies for Urban Form and their Impact on Travel: the
{N}etherlands Experience},
year = 2004,
month = mar,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 41,
number = 3,
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, land use transport link}
}
@techreport{ShaMil00,
author = {Amer S.~Shalaby and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Travel in the {G}reater {T}oronto {A}rea: Past and current
behaviour and relation to urban form},
year = 2000,
month = jan,
type = {The {N}eptis {F}oundation Study},
institution = {University of Toronto},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, ilute, canada, urban form, land use transport link}
}
@article{She97,
author = {Q.~Shen},
title = {Urban Transportation in {S}hanghai, {C}hina: Problems and
Planning Implications},
year = 1997,
journal = {International Journal of Urban and Regional Research},
volume = 21,
number = 4,
pages = {589--606},
keywords = {transport planning, bicycle planning},
annote = {According to Cer98, this paper says that bicycles are the
most efficient mode for trips under 14km in Shanghai}
}
@article{Shi98,
author = {J.~Shibata},
title = {Traffic Management in Rapidly Growing {A}sian Metropolises:
Escape from Vicious Circle of Car-Oriented Societies},
year = 1998,
journal = {The Wheel Extended (Toyota Quarterly Review)},
volume = 98,
pages = {17--21},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{Sho95,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {An opportunity to reduce minimum parking requirements},
year = 1995,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 61,
number = 1,
pages = {14--28},
keywords = {transport planning, parking}
}
@article{Sho97,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {The High Cost of Free Parking},
year = 1997,
month = {Fall},
journal = {Journal of Planning Education and Research},
volume = 17,
number = 1,
pages = {3--20},
keywords = {transport planning, parking},
abstract = {
Urban planners typically set minimum parking requirements to meet
the peak demand for parking at each land use, without
considering either the price motorists pay for parking or the
cost of providing the required parking spaces. By reducing the
market price of parking, minimum parking requirements provide
subsidies that inflate parking demand, and this inflated demand
is then used to set minimum parking requirements. When
considered as an impact fee, minimum parking requirements can
increase development costs by more than 10 times the impact
fees for all other public purposes combined. Eliminating
minimum parking requirements would reduce the cost of urban
development, improve urban design, reduce automobile
dependency, and restrain urban sprawl.
},
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/countdown.pl?351.pdf}
}
@article{Sho03,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {Truth in Transportation Planning},
year = 2003,
journal = {Journal of Transportation and Statistics},
volume = 6,
number = 1,
pages = {1--16},
keywords = {transport planning, parking}
}
@book{Sho05,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {The High Cost of Free Parking},
year = 2005,
publisher = {American Planning Association},
address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
keywords = {parking, transport planning}
}
@techreport{Sho05b,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {Parking Cash Out},
year = 2005,
institution = {American Planning Association},
type = {Planning Advisory Service Report},
number = 532,
address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
keywords = {parking, transport planning}
}
@article{Sho05c,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup},
title = {{S}an {F}rancisco and {L.A.}: Parking Makes the Difference},
year = 2005,
month = jan,
journal = {Planning},
volume = 71,
number = 1,
pages = {36--37},
keywords = {parking, transport planning}
}
@incollection{ShoBre97,
author = {Donald C.~Shoup and M.~Breinholt},
title = {Employer-paid parking: a nationwide survey of employers'
parking subsidy policies},
year = 1997,
booktitle = {The Full Social Costs and Benefits of Transportation},
editor = {D.~Greene and D.~Jones and M.~Delucchi},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
address = {Heidelberg, Germany},
keywords = {parking, transport planning}
}
@book{Sma92,
author = {Kenneth A.~Small},
title = {Urban Transportation Economics},
year = 1992,
publisher = {Hardwood Academic Publishers},
keywords = {urban economics, transport planning}
}
@article{Smi84,
author = {W.~Smith},
title = {Mass Transit for High-Rise, High-Density Living},
journal = {Journal of Transportation Engineering},
volume = 110,
number = 6,
year = 1984,
pages = {521--535},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, transit, land use transport link, urban form}
}
@article{Sob83,
author = {Richard M.~Soberman},
title = {Comparative Review of Transportation Planning in {C}anada and
the {U}nited {S}tates},
year = 1983,
journal = {Transport Logistics and Review},
volume = 19,
number = 2,
pages = {99--109},
keywords = {canada, transport planning}
}
@inproceedings{Sob02,
author = {Richard M.~Soberman},
title = {'Smart' Transportation for sustainable development: a case
study of {T}oronto},
year = 2002,
month = apr,
editor = {W.~Kulyk},
booktitle = {Urban Transportation System: Ensuring Sustainability
Through Mass Transit},
address = {Alexandra, VA, USA},
keywords = {canada, transport planning}
}
@article{SobMil99,
author = {Richard M.~Soberman and Eric J.~Miller},
title = {Impacts of full cost pricing on the sustainability of urban
transportation: towards {C}anada's {K}yoto commitment},
year = 1999,
month = jun,
journal = {Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering},
volume = 26,
number = 3,
pages = {345--354},
keywords = {transport planning, canada, congestion pricing, energy, climate mitigation}
}
@book{Sto73,
author = {P.A.~Stone},
title = {The Structure, Size and Costs of Urban Settlements},
year = 1973,
series = {Economic and Social Studies},
volume = 28,
publisher = {National Institute of Economic and Social
Research/Cambridge University Press},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning}
}
@article{Sto93,
author = {P.R.~Stopher},
title = {Deficiencies of Travel-Forecasting Methods Relative to Mobile
Emissions},
year = 1993,
journal = {Journal of Transportation Engineering},
volume = 119,
number = 5,
keywords = {transport planning},
status = {read}
}
@article{Str82,
author = {M.~Stringham},
title = {Travel Behavior Associated with Land Uses Adjacent to Rapid
Transit Stations},
year = 1982,
journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal},
volume = 52,
number = 4,
pages = {18--22},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, canada}
}
@incollection{Swy93,
author = {Erik Swyngedouw},
title = {Power plays: the politics of interlinking systems},
year = 1993,
booktitle = {Transport and Communications in the new {E}urope},
editor = {G.~Giannopoulos and A.~Gillespie},
publisher = {Hampton Press},
address = {Cresskill, NJ, USA},
keywords = {urban politics, transport planning}
}
@article{Tea85,
author = {R.~Teal},
title = {Transit Service Contracting: Experiences and Issues},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1036,
year = 1985,
pages = {28--36},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, finance}
}
@book{Tho77,
author = {J.M.~Thomson},
title = {Great Cities and Their Traffic},
year = 1977,
publisher = {Penguin},
address = {Harmondsworth, UK},
keywords = {transit, transport planning},
annote = {Apparently he claims that a city center cannot grow much
beyond 120\,000 jobs based around automobile acccess (Newman and
Kenworthy).}
}
@book{Tol03,
editor = {Rodney Tolley},
title = {The greening of urban transportation: planning for walking and
cycling in {W}estern cities},
year = 2003,
publisher = {Woodhead Publishers},
edition = {3rd},
address = {Cambridge, UK},
keywords = {transport planning, bicycle planning, pedestrian planning}
}
@book{TolTur95,
author = {Rodney Tolley and B.~Turton},
title = {Transport Systems, Policy and Planning},
publisher = {Wiley},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
year = 1995,
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@techreport{TraCF99,
author = {TransLink and {Canadian Facts}},
title = {Regional Travel Survey: {GVRD} Residents Age 16+},
number = {R0500/R0838},
year = 1999,
institution = {TransLink},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
url = {http://www.translink.bc.ca/files/polls_surveys/regtravel.pdf},
keywords = {canada, data, transport planning}
}
@techreport{TRB95,
author = {{Transportation Research Board}},
title = {Expanding Metropolitan Highways: Implications for Air
Quality and Energy Use},
institution = {Transportation Research Board},
year = 1995,
type = {Special Report},
number = 245,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@article{vanWeevanderHor96,
author = {van Wee, B. and van der Horne, T.},
title = {Employment Location as an Instrument for Transport Policy in
the {N}etherlands},
year = 1996,
journal = {Transport Policy},
volume = 3,
number = 3,
pages = {81--89},
keywords = {urban planning, location choice, transport planning, firm behaviour},
annote = { Dutch ABC system. }
}
@techreport{Van64,
author = {J.~Vance},
title = {Geography and Urban Evolution in the {S}an {F}rancisco {B}ay
{A}rea},
year = 1964,
institution = {Institute of Governmental Studies, University of
California},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning, history, geography}
}
@article{Voi93,
author = {R.~Voith},
title = {Changing capitalization of {CBD}-oriented transprotation
systems: evidence from {P}hiladelphia},
year = 1993,
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
volume = 33,
pages = {361--376},
keywords = {land use transport link, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@book{Vuc81,
author = {Vukan R.~Vuchic},
title = {Urban public transportation: systems and technology},
year = 1981,
publisher = {Prentice Hall},
address = {Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@article{Wac91,
author = {Martin Wachs},
title = {Policy Implications of Recent Behavioral Research in Transportation Demand Management},
year = 1991,
journal = {Journal of Planning Literature},
volume = 5,
number = 4,
pages = {333--341},
keywords = {transportation demand management, transport planning}
}
@article{Wac93,
author = {Martin Wachs},
title = {Learning from {L}os {A}ngeles: Transport, Urban Form, and Air
Quality},
year = 1993,
journal = {Transportation},
volume = 20,
number = 14,
pages = {329--359},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, urban form}
}
@article{WacTayLevOng93,
author = {Martin Wachs and B.D.~Taylor and N.~Levine and P.~Ong},
title = {The changing commute: a case-study of the jobs-housing
relationship over time},
year = 1993,
journal = {Urban Studies},
volume = 30,
pages = {1711--1729},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@article{War95,
author = {B.~Warf},
title = {Separated at birth? Regional science and social theory},
year = 1995,
journal = {International Regional Science Review},
volume = 18,
number = 2,
pages = {185--194},
keywords = {transport planning, transport modelling}
}
@book{War62,
author = {S.B.~Warner},
title = {Streetcar Suburbs},
publisher = {Harvard University Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
year = 1962,
keywords = {history, transport planning, urban planning, transit}
}
@article{War91,
author = {Tony Warnes},
title = {Cities and Automobiles: A Sourcebook},
type = {Book Review},
journal = {Urban Studies},
year = 1991,
volume = 28,
number = 2,
pages = {289--290},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@techreport{WB02,
author = {{World Bank}},
title = {Cities on the Move: A {W}orld {B}ank Urban Transport Strategy
Review},
year = 2002,
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
institution = {World Bank},
keywords = {transport planning, finance, urban planning}
}
@article{Web76,
author = {M.~Webber},
title = {The {BART} Experience: What Have We Learned?},
year = 1976,
journal = {Public Interest},
volume = 12,
number = 3,
pages = {76--108},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, urban planning}
}
@techreport{Weg83,
author = {Michael Wegener},
title = {The {D}ortmund Housing Market Model: A {M}onte {C}arlo Simulation
of a Regional Housing Market},
year = 1983,
institution = {Institut f{\"u}r Raumplanung, University of Dortmund},
type = {Arbeitspapier},
number = {7},
keywords = {urban economics, transport planning}
}
@article{WeiDea99,
author = {Asha Weinstein and Elizabeth Deakin},
title = {How local jurisdictions finance traffic calming projects},
year = 1999,
journal = {Transportation Quarterly},
volume = 53,
number = 3,
pages = {75--87},
keywords = {transport planning, finance, traffic calming}
}
@techreport{WeyLin97,
author = {Paul Weyrich and William Lind},
title = {Conservatives and Mass Transit: Is it Time for a New Look?},
year = 1997,
institution = {The Free Congress Foundation},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning}
}
@book{Whi93,
author = {J.~Whitelegg},
title = {Transport for a Sustainable Future: The Case for {E}urope},
year = 1993,
publisher = {Belhaven Press},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {transport planning, urban planning}
}
@article{Wil88,
author = {Richard W.~Willson},
title = {Parking Subsidies and the Drive-Alone Commuter: New Evidence
and Implications},
year = 1988,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1181,
keywords = {transport planning, parking}
}
@techreport{WB96,
author = {{World Bank}},
title = {Urban Transport: A {W}orld {B}ank Policy Study},
year = 1996,
institution = {The World Bank},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {transport planning}
}
@book{Yag84,
author = {G.~Yago},
title = {The Decline of Transit: Urban Transportation in {G}erman and
{U.S.}~Cities, 1900--1970},
year = 1984,
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {transit, transport planning, history}
}
@article{Zup93,
author = {Jeffrey M.~Zupan},
title = {Transportation Demand Management: A Cautious Look},
year = 1993,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1346,
pages = {1--9},
keywords = {transportation demand management, transport planning}
}
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