@comment{{This file has been generated by bib2bib 1.91}}
@comment{{Command line: /usr/bin/bib2bib -ob keyword_streets.bib -c 'keywords: "streets"' ref.bib}}
@inproceedings{Ber04,
author = {Inger Marie Bernhoft},
title = {Risk perception and behavior of elderly pedestrians and
cyclists in cities in {D}enmark},
year = 2004,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 84th meeting of the Transportation
Research Board},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, streets},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb/trb2004/TRB2004-000897.pdf},
abstract = {
The risk perception and behavior of elderly pedestrians and
cyclists in cities in Denmark have been revealed by means of a
questionnaire administered to both elderly people aged 70 and
above and a control group aged 40--49, and interviews with some
of the elderly respondents. The elderly appreciate pedestrian
crossings, signalized intersections and cycle paths
significantly more than the control group does. To a larger
extent they feel that it is dangerous to cross the road where
these facilities are missing. Furthermore, the elderly
pedestrians find the presence of a sidewalk very important on
their route whereas the control group more often chooses the
fastest route. Differences within the group of elderly
respondents can be related to differences in health and
physical abilities rather that to differences in age.
Generally, the elderly road users state a more cautious
behavior in specific traffic situations than the control group.
Thus, a significantly higher proportion of the elderly than the
control group choose to walk up to a pedestrian crossing if
they can see one and stop the bicycle before turning left, and
a significantly lower proportion of the elderly choose to cross
at a red light, ride on the sidewalk and ride in the opposite
direction on the cycle path.
}
}
@techreport{BurLag99,
author = {Dan Burden and Peter Lagerway},
title = {Road Diets: Fixing the Big Roads},
year = 1999,
month = mar,
institution = {Walkable Communities Inc.},
address = {High Springs, FL, USA},
url = {http://www.walkable.org/download/rdiets.pdf},
keywords = {transport planning, streets, roadspace reallocation},
status = {read}
}
@article{CaiAtkGoo02,
author = {Sally Cairns and Stephen Atkins and Phil Goodwin},
title = {Disappearing traffic? {T}he story so far},
year = 2002,
journal = {Municipal Engineer},
volume = 151,
number = 1,
pages = {13--22},
keywords = {transport planning, streets, roadspace reallocation},
url = {http://www.ucl.ac.uk/transport-studies/tsu/disapp.pdf},
status = {read},
abstract = {
Reallocating roadspace from general traffic, to improve conditions
for pedestrians or cyclists or buses or on-street light rail or
other high-occupancy vehicles, is often predicted to cause
major traffic problems on neighbouring streets. This
paper reports on two phases of research, resulting in
the examination of over 70 case studies of roadspace
reallocation from eleven countries, and the collation
of opinions from over 200 transport professionals
worldwide. The findings suggest that predictions of
traffic problems are often unnecessarily alarmist, and
that, given appropriate local circumstances,
significant reductions in overall traffic levels can
occur, with people making a far wider range of
behavioural responses than has traditionally been
assumed. Follow-up work has also highlighted the
importance of managing how schemes are perceived by
the public and reported in the media, with various
lessons for avoiding problems. Finally, the
findings highlight that well-designed schemes to
reallocate roadspace can often contribute to a
multiplicity of different policy aims and
objectives.
}
}
@article{Cal02b,
author = {Peter G.~Calthorpe},
title = {The Urban Network: A Radical Proposal},
year = 2002,
journal = {Planning},
volume = 68,
number = 5,
pages = {10--15},
status = {read},
abstract = {
There is a critical need for a new paradigm of growth on undeveloped
sites - one that complements urban infill and revitalization. The
alternative transportation network proposed here calls for a new
hierarchy of arterials and boulevards that allow for through traffic
without always by-passing commercial centers - a road network that
reinforces access to walkable neighborhoods and urban town centers
without cutting them off from local pedestrian movement. A plan for new
growth areas around Chicago proposes 3 types of major roads to replace
the standard arterial grid: transit boulevards, throughways, and
arterials. The transit boulevards combine the capacity of a major
arterial with the intimacy of local frontage roads and the pedestrian
orientation that comes with the transit system. Local arterials are
multi-lane facilities that transition into a couplet of main streets at
the village centers.
},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets, street design, new urbanism}
}
@techreport{Cal02c,
author = {Peter G.~Calthorpe},
title = {The Urban Network: A New Framework for Growth},
year = 2002,
institution = {Calthorpe Associates},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
url = {http://calthorpe.com/clippings/UrbanNet1216.pdf},
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets, street design, new urbanism}
}
@article{deCer04,
author = {Allison L.C.~{de Cerre\~no}},
title = {Dynamics of On-Street Parking in Large Central Cities},
year = 2004,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1898,
pages = {130--137},
keywords = {parking, streets},
status = {read},
annote = {
Not too relevant from a sustainable transportation perspective. The
bulk of the paper addresses the mechanics of parking management
(metering technology, loading regulations, etc.) rather than the
bigger issues of choosing appropriate prices, balancing on-street
and off-street parking, encouraging quick turnover short-term
parking, or residential permit systems.
}
}
@article{DeRRae01,
author = {Michelle De{R}obertis and Rhonda Rae},
title = {Buses and bicycles: Design alternatives for sharing the road},
year = 2001,
month = may,
journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal},
publisher = {Institute of Transportation Engineers},
volume = 71,
number = 5,
pages = {36--44},
status = {read},
keywords = { bicycle planning, transit, streets, pavement marking },
annote = {
This is a very good idea for streets with heavy bus traffic.
Following the VACC's recommendation, Vancouver has implemented
this on downtown Burrard St.
}
}
@techreport{DijLevThoThoVanVanNilJorLunLau98,
author = {Atze Dijkstra and Peter Levelt and Jytte Thomsen and Ole
Thorson and Jan {van Severen} and Peter Vansevenant and Puk
Kristine Nilsson and Else J{\o}rgensen and Belinda {la Cour Lund}
and Jan Grubb Laursen},
title = {Best practices to promote cycling and walking},
year = 1998,
status = {read},
url = { http://www.vejdirektoratet.dk/pdf/adonis/adonis.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, pavement colouring, pavement marking, streets},
institution = {{Danish Road Directorate}},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
abstract = {
The ADONIS project was commissioned by the European Commission to a
Consortium comprising 7 partners as part of the Fourth
Framework Programme. Original title of the project is: Analysis
and Development Of New Insight into Substitution of short car
trips by cycling and walking (ADONIS).
The ADONIS project was partly funded by the EU - DG VII
Transport RTD Programme, Urban Sector and was co-financed by
Danish Transport Council, Danish Ministry of Transport,
Municipality of Barcelona, Catalan Institute of Road safety,
SAINCO TRAFICO S.A., Swedish Transport \& Communications Research
Board and Belgian Institute for Traffic Safety.
},
annote = {
Interesting ideas:
C10 (New types of designs for bus stops) describes
some interesting ways of designing bus stops to reduce conflicts
with cyclists. In one of the options, the bicycle lane is against
the curb, but the bus does not pull into the curb to let passengers off.
Instead, it stops in its lane, and passengers walk across the bicycle
lane. To help them, zebra crossings are marked across the bicycle lane
at the bus doors. I think this design is only needed because buses in
Denmark are not allowed to pull up to the curb when there is a bicycle
lane. C17a-b (Two-way bicycle traffic in one-way streets in Belgium and
the Netherlands) gives some interesting background on the effectiveness
of this desirable tactic in those countries, and includes some useful
signs used there. C18 (two-way traffic on cycle tracks) makes the
interesting point that two-way tracks can be good solutions when there
are many T juntions on one side of the street, but few on the other
(e.g., next to rail tracks or water).
The crossings section is excellent: all of C19--C32 are worth
reading. These ideas are first-rate, and few of them have been
adopted in North America, from what I've seen. These are some of
the biggest issues that I have with current design on this
continent. I liked their use of the term ``cycle crossing''
where the bike lane/path is marked through an intersection.
The parking section (C33--C38) isn't too revolutionary. There are a
few interesting details of free public bicycle programmes, and
company bicycle programmes in C40--C42. The rest of the policy
section (C39--C44) was unexciting, and likewise for the education
section (C45--C52).
The organisation section had some interesting ideas. C53 discusses
bicycles on public transport (mainly commuter rail routes) in
Copenhagen. C56 (``BikeBusters'') describes a programme where committed
car drivers were given a free bike, free bus tickets for a year, and
asked to fill in trip diaries and track their weight and cholesterol.
Others describe bike-to-school programmes, bicycle courier
companies, and priority snow cleaning.
}
}
@incollection{Dot87,
author = {Steve Dotterer},
title = {Portland's arterial streets classification policy},
year = 1987,
editor = {Anne V.~Moudon},
booktitle = {Public Streets for Public Use},
chapter = 12,
pages = {170--179},
publisher = {Van Nostrand Reinhold},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
status = {read},
keywords = {streets, transport planning}
}
@techreport{ECO04,
author = {{ECONorthwest}},
title = {Metro Corridors Project: Analysis of Land Use and
Transportation Issues},
year = 2004,
month = aug,
institution = {Metro and the Transportation Growth Management Program,
Oregon Department of Transportation/Department of Land Conservation and
Development},
address = {Portland, OR, USA},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.metro-region.org/library_docs/land_use/analysis_land_use_cov_and_text.pdf},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets}
}
@techreport{ECO05,
author = {{ECONorthwest}},
title = {Metro Corridors Project: Case Study Report},
year = 2005,
month = jun,
institution = {Metro and the Transportation Growth Management Program,
Oregon Department of Transportation/Department of Land Conservation and
Development},
address = {Portland, OR, USA},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.metro-region.org/library_docs/land_use/case_study_land_use_cov_and_text.pdf},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets}
}
@article{EwiBroHoy05,
author = {Reid Ewing and Steven J.~Brown and Aaron Hoyt},
title = {Traffic Calming Practice Revisited},
year = 2005,
journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal},
volume = 75,
number = 11,
pages = {22--27},
status = {read},
abstract = {
This paper describes a survey that was conducted with 21 U.S.
jurisdictions concerning their traffic calming practices. The
findings are compared to previous studies to demonstrate how
policies and practices have evolved as the field has matured.
The jurisdictions were surveyed regarding traffic calming
program staffing, budgets, controversies and litigation.
Process issues such as project initiation,
prioritization/resource allocation, public approval, road user
needs and technical issues such as street eligibility were also
included. Finding showed significant changes in the
mainstreaming of programs within transportation or public works
departments, less public controversy surrounding programs,
greater reliance on private financing of construction, more public
involvement in planning through neighborhood traffic
committees, limited expansion of eligibility beyond local
streets to collectors and arterials, and expansion of
individual agency toolboxes to include a greater range of speed
control measures.
},
annote = {
I was surprised by the tiny amount of money devoted to traffic
calming in the jurisdictions they surveyed: only \$80,000 total in
Portland, with other funds coming from residents or the general
public works department fund. They note that most projects are
resident-initiated, rather than being identified by staff. Most
cities prioritize projects using reasonable criteria: speed,
volume, collisions, proximity to schools/hospitals/parks, ped/bike
volumes, density, street width, and sidewalks are sometimes used.
Some take a first come, first serve approach, and Sacramento even uses a
lottery.
},
keywords = { traffic calming, streets, prioritisation }
}
@article{FajCur01,
author = {Joel Fajans and Melanie Curry},
title = {Why Bicyclists Hate Stop Signs},
year = 2001,
journal = {Access Magazine},
volume = 18,
pages = {28--31},
status = {read},
keywords = {bicycle planning, streets, traffic controls},
url = {http://www.uctc.net/scripts/access.pl?access18.pdf}
}
@article{GarWan05,
author = {Norman W.~Garrick and Jianhong Wang},
title = {New Concepts for Context-Based Design of Streets and
Highways},
year = 2005,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1912,
pages = {57--64},
keywords = { streets, urban design, street design },
status = {read},
annote = {
Discusses some of the history of street design standards, and
problems with the typical current approach, where freeway design
standards are applied to urban street design. Emphasis on design
speed, curve radii, and design process. Good refs: Mar02.
}
}
@techreport{Goo95,
author = {Phil Goodwin},
title = {The end of hierarchy? {A} new perspective of managing the road
network},
year = 1995,
institution = {Council for the Protecton of Rural England},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {streets, transport planning}
}
@techreport{HesMil06,
author = {Paul Hess and Beth M.~Milroy},
title = {Making {T}oronto's Streets},
year = 2006,
institution = {University of Toronto, Department of Geography and Planning},
address = {Toronto, ON, Canada},
quality = 4,
status = {read},
url = { http://www.cuhi.utoronto.ca/research/Toronto%20Streets%20Report%20Sept%202006.pdf },
keywords = { streets, pedestrian planning, bicycle planning, canada, street design, urban design, prioritisation }
}
@article{HesMouSnySta99,
author = {Paul Hess and Anne V.~Moudon and Mary C.~Snyder and Kiril
Stanilov},
title = {Neighborhood Site Design and Pedestrian Travel},
year = 1999,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1674,
status = {read},
pages = {9--19},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, urban design, streets},
annote = {
Some interesting notes about site design. It's a refreshingly
concrete comparison of urban and suburban neighbourhood design. I
don't think I'd realised just how sparse some American street
networks are until I saw the maps of Mariner, Seattle... I can't
find any Canadian suburb that empty. Not that it makes Canadian
suburbs any more walkable---our suburban pattern may be dense, but
it's still extremely disconnected.
The scale of suburban blocks was also surprising: 300m-400m per
side, on average, compared to 90m-122m for urban blocks. The rule
of thumb is that people won't walk more than 400m to a bus
stop---one block in the suburbs. Not to mention the perceptual
bleakness of walking forever in these empty spaces...
I found the comments here about pedestrian traffic to different
sized commercial centres interesting. They found that in suburban
neighbourhoods, pedestrians preferred medium-sized centres over
other sizes. I wonder what the reasons are---perhaps the
auto-favouring design features around large suburban centres, or
the barrier caused by their colossal parking lots?
I really liked the discussions on micro design. While
many reports talk about illegal jaywalking, they at least note that
in many suburban areas, the distance between legal crossings is
usually 400-800m---a huge distance for someone on foot. Is it any
wonder that people jaywalk? They also noted the problems of fences
around apartment complexes, schools, and commercial areas---I can't
count the number of times I've walked the most direct path out of
a suburban location only to find a fence, and then being forced to
retrace my steps, walking an extra 500-1000m for no reason
whatsoever.
Finally, I liked the idea of a ``latent'' pedestrian market in
medium-density suburbs, that could be brought out with improved
design.
}
}
@article{HunBroSte02,
author = {John Douglas Hunt and Alan T.~Brownlee and Kevin J.~Stefan},
title = {Response to {C}entre {S}treet {B}ridge closure: where the
``disappearing'' travellers went},
year = 2002,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1807,
keywords = {induced travel, canada, transport modelling, streets, roadspace reallocation },
url = {http://www.ucalgary.ca/\%7Ejabraham/Papers/centrest/TRB_CENT.pdf},
status = {read},
abstract = {
An ongoing topic of interest in urban transportation engineering is
the impact of changes in road network capacity upon the amount
of vehicle travel made in the urban area. In many cases the
debate focuses on the potential increases in vehicle travel
occurring with increases in road capacity - the phenomenon of
``induced demand''. Some studies have also looked at the effects
of reductions in roadway capacity, and found that in many of
these cases reductions in vehicle travel occur, generally
confirming that a relationship exists between roadway capacity
and vehicle travel.
This paper provides additional information on this subject, in
a North American context.
The City of Calgary, in Alberta, Canada is a thriving major
urban centre with a population of over 850,000, and a Downtown
employment of over 100,000. Centre Street Bridge is a major
road bridge across the Bow River connecting Downtown Calgary to
the residential area in the north part of the City. The bridge
carries over 34,000 vehicles per day, with heavy peak period
flows. In August of 1999 the Centre Street Bridge was closed to
car and truck traffic for a period of 14 months for major
repairs.
A detailed study was undertaken of changes in weekday traffic,
transit and pedestrian flows changes that took place in weekday
travel patterns during the closure. This included both analysis
of observed count data before and during the closure; and an
interview survey with over 1,300 car users of the Centre Street
Bridge and the other bridges serving the north side of the
Downtown.
This paper summarizes the major findings of this study.
Particular emphasis is placed on explaining what happened to
the vehicle trips that used the Bridge before the closure.
},
annote = {
While I'm not pleased with the results they report, I'm not too
surprised. I imagine some of this can be attributed to the fact
that it's car-addicted Calgary, but it's still a disappointing
result: very little mode shift (<10\%). On the upside, the city
didn't stop working during the bridge closure; drivers just had to
shift their travel times and routes. This isn't very politically
acceptable, though; many would feel hard done by if this occurred
during a Burrard Bridge lane closure.
}
}
@techreport{Hun98,
author = {William W.~Hunter},
title = {An Evaluation of Red Shoulders as a Bicycle and Pedestrian
Facility},
year = 1998,
institution = {University of North Carolina, Highway Safety Research
Center},
address = {Chapel Hill, NC, USA},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, pavement colouring, streets},
url = {http://www.dot.state.fl.us/Safety/ped_bike/handbooks_and_research/research/redstudy.pdf},
status = {read},
annote = {
Somewhat interesting, mostly due to its rarity: there are very few
North American studies of pavement colouring. It's a rural context,
and hence not very applicable in the situations I examine, where a
bike lane might be coloured adjacent to a parking lane. The most
curious aspect of the paper is the author's choice to consider
``motor vehicle encroaches neighboring vehicle lane when passing
bike'' as a major variable---it's an issue, but not a major one in
my view.
}
}
@article{HunHarSteBir00,
author = {William W.~Hunter and David L.~Harkey and J.~Richard Stewart
and Mia L.~Birk},
title = {Evaluation of Blue Bike-Lane Treatment in {P}ortland, {O}regon},
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
volume = 1705,
year = 2000,
pages = {107--115},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pavement colouring, streets},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.enhancements.org/trb\%5C1705-017.pdf}
}
@techreport{HunSte99,
author = {William W.~Hunter and J.~Richard Stewart},
title = {An Evaluation of Bike Lanes Adjacent to Motor Vehicle
Parking},
year = 1999,
month = dec,
institution = {Florida Department of Transportation},
keywords = {bicycle planning, parking, pavement marking, streets },
url = {http://www.dot.state.fl.us/Safety/ped_bike/handbooks_and_research/research/ftlaud.pdf},
status = {read}
}
@techreport{HunSteStuHuaPei99,
author = {William W.~Hunter and J.~Richard Stewart and Jane C.~Stutts
and Herman H.~Huang and Wayne E.~Pein},
title = {A Comparative Analysis of Bicycle Lanes versus Wide Curb
Lanes: Final Report},
year = 1999,
number = {FHWA-RD-99-034},
institution = {U.S.~Federal Highway Administration},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {bicycle planning, streets, pavement marking, bicycle segregation },
url = {http://www.walkinginfo.org/pdf/r\&d/widelanes_final.pdf},
status = {read}
}
@techreport{HunSteStuHuaPei99b,
author = {William W.~Hunter and J.~Richard Stewart and Jane C.~Stutts
and Herman H.~Huang and Wayne E.~Pein},
title = {A Comparative Analysis of Bicycle Lanes versus Wide Curb
Lanes: Operational and Safety Findings and Countermeasure
Recommendations},
year = 1999,
month = oct,
number = {FHWA-RD-99-035},
institution = {U.S.~Federal Highway Administration},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {bicycle planning, bicycle segregation, pavement marking, streets},
url = {http://www.walkinginfo.org/pdf/r\&d/widelanes_counter.pdf},
status = {read},
annote = { Many, many good references! This is a really good read. }
}
@book{Jac61,
author = {Jane Jacobs},
title = {The Death and Life of Great American Cities},
year = 1961,
publisher = {Vintage},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
rating = 5,
keywords = {urban planning, equity, transport planning, general interest, sociology, streets, pedestrian planning, accessibility, urban design},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Jac61/index.html }
}
@incollection{Lil01,
author = {Einar Lillebye},
title = {The architectural significance of the street as a functional
and social arena},
year = 2001,
editor = {Colin Jefferson and Janet Rowe and Carlos Brebbia},
booktitle = {The Sustainable Street: The Environmental, Human and
Economic Aspects of Street Design and Management},
publisher = {Wessex Institute of Technology Press},
address = {Southampton, UK},
status = {read},
keywords = {street design, streets, urban design, architecture, sustainability}
}
@book{Mar05,
author = {Stephen Marshall},
title = {Streets \& Patterns: The Structure of Urban Geometry},
year = 2005,
publisher = {Spon Press},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
quality = 5,
status = {read},
keywords = {streets, urban planning, urban form, transport planning, street design, urban design}
}
@incollection{MouUnt87,
author = {Anne V.~Moudon and Richard K.~Untermann},
title = {Grids Revisited},
year = 1987,
editor = {Anne V.~Moudon},
booktitle = {Public Streets for Public Use},
chapter = 9,
pages = {132--148},
publisher = {Van Nonstrand Reinhold},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
status = {read},
keywords = {streets, urban planning}
}
@techreport{Per1929,
author = {Clarence A.~Perry},
title = {The neighborhood unit: a scheme of arrangement for the
family-life community},
year = 1929,
booktitle = {The Regional Plan of {N}ew {Y}ork and its Environs},
institution = {Russell Sage Foundation},
type = {Monograph},
volume = 1,
quality = 3,
status = {read},
keywords = {urban planning, urban design, streets},
annote = {
Some interesting discussion. This design served as the prototype
for suburban layouts for quite a while, although the results have
not met the optimistic expectations laid out here. Many of his
goals are laudable (walking distance to all amenities, avoid
forcing children to cross arterials, etc.) while others are not
(promoting segregation).
``It is plain that arterial highways must necessarily run in every
direction and turn the street system into a network, and that
residential life must occupy the interstitial spaces.'' This marked
one of the first times that a neighbourhood was planned inside the
bounds of a square of ``arterials,'' and that framing proved
popular, although Jane Jacobs has made strong arguments against it.
Perry represents Jacobs' antithesis, I think: patriarchal and
paternalist, aiming to plan and provide for whatever needs he
considers valid. He calls the regular grid of equal-sized streets
``leading nowhere in particular'' while his meandering
discontinuous street plan is ``leading to places where people
go.'' It's a deceptively persuasive argument---who would be against
good design?---but it's ultimately patronising and controlling.
}
}
@book{Pun03,
author = {John V.~Punter},
title = {The {V}ancouver Achievement: Urban Planning and Design},
year = 2003,
publisher = {University of British Columbia Press},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
keywords = {history, canada, urban planning, urban politics, architecture, streets, urban design },
abstract = {
This book examines the development of Vancouver's unique approach
to zoning, planning, and urban design from the early 1970s to
the beginning of the twenty-first century. By the late 1990s,
Vancouver had established a reputation in North America for its
planning achievement, especially for its creation of a
participative, responsive, and design-led approach to urban
regeneration and redevelopment. This system has other important
features: an innovative approach to megaproject planning, a
system of cost and amenity levies on major schemes, a
participative process to underpin active neighbourhood
planning, and a sophisticated panoply of design guidelines.
These systems, processes, and their achievements place
Vancouver at the forefront of international planning practice.
The Vancouver Achievement explains the keys to its success, and
evaluates its approach to planning and design against
internationally accepted criteria. Generously illustrated with
over 160 photos and figures, this book - the first
comprehensive account of contemporary planning and urban design
practice in any Canadian city - will appeal to academic and
professional audiences, as well as the general public.
},
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://www.davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Pun03/index.html }
}
@techreport{Rob89,
author = {John Roberts},
title = {Quality Streets: How traditional urban centres benefit from
traffic-calming},
year = 1988,
month = may,
institution = {Transport and Environmental Studies (TEST)},
number = 75,
address = {London, UK},
rating = 5,
status = {read},
annoteurl = { http://davidpritchard.org/sustrans/Rob89/index.html },
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, pedestrian planning, traffic calming, streets}
}
@article{Whe03,
author = {Stephen M.~Wheeler},
title = {The Evolution of Urban Form in {P}ortland and {T}oronto:
implications for sustainability planning},
year = 2003,
month = jun,
journal = {Local Environment},
volume = 8,
number = 3,
pages = {317--336},
status = {read},
url = {http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/1083947350-55615933/ftinterface~content=a713685047~fulltext=713240930},
keywords = {urban form, canada, streets, history, transport planning, urban planning, new urbanism},
abstract = {
This paper analyses the evolution of urban form in two North American
metropolitan regions (Portland and Toronto) and asks how more
sustainable regional form might come about in the future in these and
other urban areas. In the past, dominant patterns of urban form have
emerged in such regions at different historical periods. These
morphological phases include mid 19th-century grids, streetcar suburb
grids, garden suburbs, automobile suburbs and New Urbanist
neighbourhoods (which have only recently made an appearance and may or
may not become widespread). Judging by the performance of past types of
urban morphology, five design values appear particularly important for
more sustainable urban form in the future: compactness, contiguity,
connectivity, diversity and ecological integration. Although these
principles were not well supported by 20th-century development,
contemporary movements such as the New Urbanism and Smart Growth
re-emphasise them. The example of these two regions indicates that, in
the absence of new technological, economic or geographical forces,
public sector institutions and urban social movements represent the
most likely means to bring about new, more sustainable types of urban
form.
}
}
@article{Ale65,
author = {Christopher Alexander},
title = {A city is not a tree},
journal = {Architectural Forum},
volume = 122,
year = 1965,
month = {April, May},
pages = {58--62, 58--61},
keywords = {architecture, urban design, urban form, streets, street design },
annote = {
Apparently, a critique of hierarchical, tree-like city design
(particularly conventional suburban street layouts)
}
}
@book{App81,
author = {Donald Appleyard},
title = {Livable Streets},
year = 1981,
publisher = {University of California Press},
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
keywords = {urban design, streets, street design, traffic calming}
}
@book{AppLynMye64,
author = {Donald Appleyard and Kevin Lynch and John Myer},
title = {The View from the Road},
year = 1964,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {streets, urban planning, street design}
}
@article{AppLin72,
author = {Donald Appleyard and M.~Lintell},
title = {The environmental quality of city streets: the residents'
viewpoint},
year = 1972,
journal = {Journal of the American Institute of Planners},
volume = 38,
number = 2,
pages = {84--101},
keywords = {streets, urban design, street design}
}
@book{Bal99,
author = {Peter C.~Baldwin},
title = {Domesticating the street: the reform of public space in
{H}artford, 1850--1930},
year = 1999,
publisher = {Ohio State University Press},
address = {Columbus, OH, USA},
keywords = {streets, history, urban politics, street design, roadspace reallocation, zoning}
}
@article{Ben95,
author = {Eran Ben-Joseph},
title = {Changing the Residential Street Scene: Adapting the Shared
Street (Woonerf) Concept to the Suburban Environment},
year = 1995,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 61,
number = 4,
pages = {504--515},
keywords = {urban planning, streets, street design, pedestrian planning}
}
@article{Car04,
author = {Matthew Carmona},
title = {Road to Nowhere: Urban Design, Highway Engineers, and the
Design of Cycle Lanes},
year = 2004,
journal = {Town and Country Planning},
volume = 73,
number = 1,
month = jan,
pages = 31,
keywords = {bicycle planning, streets, urban design}
}
@article{CheDeaHigHue06,
author = {Christopher R.~Cherry and Elizabeth Deakin and Nathan Higgins
and S.~Brian Huey},
title = {Systems-Level Approach to Sustainable Urban Arterial
Revitalization},
year = 2006,
journal = {Transportation Research Record},
keywords = {streets, street design}
}
@article{Elv01,
author = {Rune Elvik},
title = {Improving road safety in {N}orway and {S}weden: analysing the
efficiency of policy priorities},
year = 2001,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and Control},
volume = 42,
number = 1,
pages = {9--16},
keywords = {prioritisation, streets, bicycle collisions}
}
@techreport{Ewi99,
author = {Reid Ewing},
title = {Traffic Calming: State of the Practice},
year = 1999,
institution = {Institute of Transportation Engineers/Federal Highway
Administration},
keywords = {traffic calming, streets}
}
@article{EwiKoo97,
author = {Reid Ewing and C.~Kooshian},
title = {{U.S.} Experience with Traffic Calming},
year = 1997,
month = aug,
journal = {Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal},
volume = 8,
number = 7,
pages = {28--33},
keywords = {traffic calming, streets}
}
@article{HalMarLow01,
author = {Peter Hall and Stephen Marshall and Michelle Lowe},
title = {The changing urban hierarchy in {E}ngland and {W}ales:
1913--1998},
year = 2001,
month = dec,
journal = {Regional Studies},
volume = 35,
number = 9,
pages = {775--807},
keywords = {transport planning, streets}
}
@article{Haz03,
author = {G.Mc{L}.~Hazel},
title = {Urban streets},
year = 2003,
journal = {Urban Design Quarterly},
volume = 85,
pages = {20--21},
keywords = {streets, transport planning}
}
@article{Heb05,
author = {Michael Hebbert},
title = {Engineering, urbanism and the struggle for street design},
year = 2005,
month = feb,
journal = {Journal of Urban Design},
volume = 10,
number = 1,
keywords = {urban planning, urban design, transport planning, street design, streets}
}
@article{HinRus96,
author = {J.~Hine and J.~Russell},
title = {The Impact of Traffic on Pedestrian Behaviour: Assessing the
Traffic Barrier on Radial Routes},
year = 1996,
journal = {Traffic Engineering and control},
volume = 37,
number = 2,
pages = {81--85},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, streets}
}
@book{Jac85,
author = {Allan B.~Jacobs},
title = {Great Streets},
year = 1985,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {streets, urban design, street design}
}
@book{JacMacRof02,
author = {Allan B.~Jacobs and Elizabeth Mac{D}onald and Yodan Rof{\'e}},
title = {The Boulevard Book: History, Evolution, Design of Multiway
Boulevards},
year = 2002,
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, streets, urban design, street design}
}
@techreport{JacRofMac95,
author = {Allan B.~Jacobs and Yodan Rof{\'e} and Elizabeth Mac{D}onald},
title = {Multiple Roadway Boulevards: Case Studies, Designs and Design
Guidelines},
year = 1995,
institution = {University of California},
type = {Transportation Center Working Paper},
number = 300,
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
keywords = {urban planning, streets, urban design, street design}
}
@techreport{Jen04,
author = {S{\o}ren Underlien Jensen},
title = {{A}rterial {S}treets {T}owards {S}ustainability: Design,
Decision and Prediction Tools},
year = 2004,
url = {http://www.tft.lth.se/artists/medlemmar.asp},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, urban planning, bike box, street design, streets},
institution = {ARTISTS Consortium},
number = {D3.2},
address = {Malm{\"o}, Sweden}
}
@article{LerCelHalCheRya92,
author = {E.~Lerner-Lam and S.P.~Celniker and G.W.~Halbert and
C.~Chellman and S.~Ryan},
title = {Neotraditional neighborhood design and its implications for
traffic engineering},
year = 1992,
month = jan,
journal = {ITE Journal},
pages = {17--25},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets}
}
@book{McC92b,
author = {Jim Mc{C}luskey},
title = {Road Form and Townscape},
year = 1992,
edition = {2nd},
publisher = {Butterworth Architecture},
address = {Oxford, UK},
keywords = {streets, urban design, urban form, street design}
}
@incollection{Mar01b,
author = {Stephen Marshall},
title = {Public transport orientated urban design},
year = 2001,
editor = {E.~Feitelson and E.~Verhoef},
booktitle = {Transport and Environment: in Search of Sustainable
Solutions},
publisher = {Edward Elgar},
address = {Cheltenham, UK},
keywords = {urban design, streets, street design, urban form}
}
@techreport{Mar02,
author = {Stephen Marshall},
title = {A First Theoretical Approach to Classification of Arterial
Streets},
year = 2002,
institution = {University of Westminster},
type = {ARTISTS Deliverable},
number = {D1.1},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {streets, urban planning, transport planning, street design}
}
@techreport{Mar02b,
author = {Stephen Marshall},
title = {Methodological Framework for Compatibility Analysis},
year = 2002,
institution = {Bartlett School of Planning, University College London},
type = {TRANSPLUS Deliverable},
number = {D4.2},
address = {London, UK},
keywords = {streets, street design}
}
@article{Mar03b,
author = {Stephen Marshall},
title = {Traffic in Towns revisited},
year = 2003,
month = nov,
journal = {Town and Country Planning},
volume = 72,
number = 10,
pages = {310--312},
keywords = {urban planning, transport planning, streets, street design}
}
@book{Mou87,
author = {Anne V.~Moudon},
title = {Public Streets for Public Use},
year = 1987,
publisher = {Van Nonstrand Reinhold},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {streets}
}
@article{Rob90,
author = {John Roberts},
title = {The Use of our Streets},
year = 1990,
journal = {Urban Design Quarterly},
volume = 35,
pages = {9--13},
keywords = {streets, urban design}
}
@article{SouBen95,
author = {Michael Southworth and Eran Ben-Joseph},
title = {Street Standards and the Shaping of Suburbia},
year = 1995,
journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
volume = 65,
keywords = {urban form, streets, street design}
}
@book{SouBen97,
author = {Michael Southworth and Eran Ben-Joseph},
title = {Streets and the Shaping of Towns and Cities},
year = 1997,
publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
edition = {1st},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
keywords = {urban form, streets, urban planning, land use transport link}
}
@book{SouBen03,
author = {Michael Southworth and Eran Ben-Joseph},
title = {Streets and the Shaping of Towns and Cities},
year = 2003,
publisher = {Island Press},
edition = {2nd},
address = {Washington, D.C., USA},
keywords = {urban form, streets, urban planning, land use transport link}
}
@techreport{Sve04,
author = {{\AA}se Svensson},
title = {{A}rterial {S}treets for People: Guidance for Planners and
Decision Makers when Reconstructing Arterial Streets},
year = 2004,
url = {http://www.tft.lth.se/guide/guidecompleng050921.pdf},
keywords = {bicycle planning, pedestrian planning, urban planning, urban design, street design, streets},
institution = {ARTISTS Consortium},
address = {Malm{\"o}, Sweden}
}
@incollection{Unt87,
author = {Richard K.~Untermann},
title = {Can we pedestrianize the suburb?},
year = 1987,
editor = {Anne V.~Moudon},
booktitle = {Public Streets for Public Use},
publisher = {Van Nostrand Reinhold},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
chapter = 8,
pages = {123--131},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, streets}
}
@incollection{Unt87b,
author = {Richard K.~Untermann},
title = {Changing design standards for streets and roads},
year = 1987,
editor = {Anne V.~Moudon},
booktitle = {Public Streets for Public Use},
publisher = {Van Nostrand Reinhold},
address = {New York City, NY, USA},
chapter = 19,
pages = {255--260},
keywords = {pedestrian planning, streets}
}
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